GEOCHEMISTS

Geochemists study the composition, structure, processes, and other physical

aspects of the Earth. They examine the distribution of chemical elements in rocks
and minerals, as well as the movement of these elements into soil and water
systems.

There is a wealth of information buried in the liquids, gases, and mineral deposits
of rock. The geochemists job is to understand this information and make informed
decisions on a range of industrial and scientific research applications.
Understanding the chemical composition of rocks tells oil companies where to drill
for oil; enables scientists to put together broad-based theories about the way the
Earth is changing; helps environmental management companies decide how to
dispose of a toxic or hazardous substance; and steers mining companies toward
use of natural resources with a minimum environmental impact.
Typical Work Duties

Plan scientific studies, visit field locations, and collect samples

Analyze samples, either in the field or in the laboratory

Contribute to natural resource use and environmental management policies

Guide oil and gas exploration using aerial photographs and geological data

Help predict the occurrence of earthquakes

Develop remediation plans to clean up toxic waste sites

Education
In the past, people entered from a variety of fields. More recently, a degree in
geosciences is preferred (currently offered by approximately 20 U.S. colleges),
although degrees in physics, chemistry, biology, mathematics, engineering, or
computer science are still acceptable, especially if they include coursework in
geology. Other valuable courses include mineralogy, petrology, and structural
geology, as well as other physical sciences, mathematics, engineering, and
computer science. Geochemists stress the importance of a firm grounding in a
basic chemical discipline and especially analytical chemistry, which is vital for this
kind of work. Training outside geochemistry is increasingly beneficial, as the field
has become more interdisciplinary. Environmentally-related areas such as
toxicology, hydrology, and sedimentology can also help prepare you for a job in
environmental geochemistry.
While an undergraduate degree in chemistry was sufficient in the past, an
advanced degree in geochemistry (especially a masters degree) is now expected
for most positions. If you want to go into research, a Ph.D. and postdoctoral work
are required. However, some careers in industry or environmental management, or
governmental policy, may not require an advanced degre