REPUBLIKA SRBIJA

VISOKA SKOLA PRIMENJENIH STRUKOVNIH STUDIJA

VRANJE

SEMINARSKI RAD
IZ
ENGLESKOG JEZIKA

Tema: Forest bio resouces

Predmetni profesor:
Prof. dr Maja Stanojevi
185/TD

Student:
Aleksandar Djordjevic

Seminarski rad
Aleksandar Djordjevic185/td

VRANJE, 2011
CONTENTS:
INTRODUCTION
.
...3
FOREST
BIO

......3

RESOURCES

DEVELOPMENT OF FORESTY .
.....4
CONCLUSION
.
...7
LITERATURE ....
...8

INTRODUCTION
2

Seminarski rad
Aleksandar Djordjevic185/td
Reserves (as part of mineral resources, definitions from the literature) are:
it amounts mineral in the deposit or part of the deposit, which is properly
researched and tested with the geological mining and technical, tehnological and
economic aspects. Reserve, in accordance with the law are divided into
categories investigated (A,B and C1) and superiors (C2, D1 and D2) reseves to
international standards (JORC, SAMREC Code, Reporting Code, CIM
Clasification, UNFC, PERC, etc.). Ore reserve is parts of the
measured and mineral resources that can be economically exploited.
It includes dilution and exploitation losses. Ore reserves are divided into
probable andproven. Landscape diversity is structural space created in the
interaction of natural and / or generated by certain elements of the landscape
biological, climatic, geological, geomorphological, pedological, hidrological,
cultural, historical an sociological characteristics.
Natural resources are renewable or non renewable geological, hydrological and
biological value, directly or indirectly be used or use, and have a real or potential
economic value.
Rehabilitation and remediation is the process of cleaning or using other
method for the removal of pollution, or improving other adverse characteristics at
a specific location to a level that is safe / good for future use.
Saline were salinized, poorly productive land, which can be economically
intensively used agro technical measures, stronger of afforestation. Brine are
covered by natural vegetation types of habitats for priority nature protection
under national and international regulations.

FOREST BIO RESOURCES

The forest includes all inventory unit surface area of 0.5 ha, covered
forest trees whose crowns cover more than 10% of the area, with trees must be
able to reach a minimum height of 5 m, at maturity for harvesting. It may also
include closed forest harvesting.
It may also include closed forest formations where trees with different
floors covering most of the stands or open forest formations with a continuous
vegetation cover in which tree crown cover more than 10% of the area. Belong
to the category of forest and young natural stands and all the associations that
artificially raised to achieve coverage crows more than 10% of the area and
height of trees over 5 m, as well as parts of the forest than the action of man or
other natural factors currently destroyed, but is expected to be translated into
forest.
Also, trees are considered forest nurseries and seed orchad of an integral
part of the forest, forest roads, fire averages and other small clearings in the
forests, and forests in national parks, nature reserves and other protected
buildings of special ecological, scientific, historical, cultural or spiritual
significance, and protection from wind and agricultural protection belts with trees,
an area larger than 0.5 ha and width greater than 20 m. Forested land that is not
covered by the primary used for agricultural production. Forest road that is
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Seminarski rad
Aleksandar Djordjevic185/td
integral part of the forest is classified as forest, while the public road through
forest caterogized as urban land.

Forest

DEVELOPMENT OF FORESTY
Forests and forest ecosystems are among the most important bioecological resources and the most versatile actor of renewable natural resources,
in addition to socio-economic importance (through production of biomass as raw
materials mechanical and chemical processing of wood), while the most stable
ecosystems of paramount importance in nature conservation and environmental
quality the enviroment. Forests are in sloving the problem of preserving,
protecting and improving the quality of irreplace able environmetal factor, not only
in regional terms, but their ecosystem services generate a positive global effect
on all components environment.
The
strategy defines
the
basic principles
of forest
sector
through: sustainable development of forests and forestry, multifunctional forest
rural development, public information, participation of stakeholders, increasing
area and productivity of forests, forest management, adherence to international
obligations and
agreements, forest degradation and environmental
impact
assessment
environment,
preservation of
forest
health, scientific
research, education and the training.

Seminarski rad
Aleksandar Djordjevic185/td
The Foresty Development Strategy of Serbia occupies a special place
preservation and enhancement of biodivesity in forest ecosystems. Wealth
preservation and biodiversity is a national treasure that requires a dequate
treatment system solutions for the preservation and improvement of forest
biodiversity the area.

Forest in village Gubrevac

Forest
Administration is a
body
within
the ministry, which
is
established for executive affairs and related inspection and professional
activities.
In addition to these activities, the Forest Administration is the forestry sector
Republic of Serbia in international organizations, processes and coordinates
international cooperation in the sector.
Biodiversity, geological diversity, landscape diversity and management
protected areas is in which the state has begun, but not completed, the
restructing of the strategic legal, institutional and economic the
frame. Activities are mostly caused by the stabilization and the European Union.
Current priorities are a reflection of real the need for resolving longstanding and growing problems in this area.
One of eight Millennium Development Goals and ensuring enviromental
sustain ability the enviroment.
This goal has become a liability when developing national strategies and
action plans and implies the incorporation of the principles of sustainable
development
in
national policy, preventing the loss of natural resources and encouraging
its revitalization.

Seminarski rad
Aleksandar Djordjevic185/td
The most important barrier to greater use of biomass is
availability and lack of experience in the use of equipment and lack
developed market for biomass. In addition, due to increased demand for pellets
and briquettes in the European Union, almost all domestic production is
exported. As
the
biomass resource is limited, it is necessary to define the total available amount of
biomass for the production of briquettes and pellets and intensify the use of
residues nepreraenoj biomass in the form, which is energy and economically
rational
in
relation to the use of pellets and briquettes.
Regarding the use of biomass for heat generation, given current energy
prices, economically justified to use biomass as a substitute for natural gas or
liquid fuels, especially crude oil, and low cost of coal is still not motivate investors
to switch from coal to biomass. Biomass production has an impact on production
and the price of food, and there are other challenges that are listed in the Action
Plan
adopted
Biomass of the Republic of Serbia. Availability of biomass should be considered
with aspects of biodiversity conservation and preservation of the fertility of
agricultural land.
For the foregoing reasons, the available amount of biomass must be
established
in terms of environmental sustainability, and interdepartmental cooperation within
the relevant ministries and provincial administration.

Forest in Sumadija

Seminarski rad
Aleksandar Djordjevic185/td

CONCLUSION
Reserves (as part of mineral resources, definitions from the literature) are:
it amounts mineral in the deposit or part of the deposit, which is properly
researched and tested with the geological mining and technical, tehnological and
economic aspects. Reserve, in accordance with the law are divided into
categories investigated (A,B and C1) and superiors (C2, D1 and D2) reseves to
international standards (JORC, SAMREC Code, Reporting Code, CIM
Clasification, UNFC, PERC, etc.). Ore reserve is parts of the
measured and mineral resources that can be economically exploited.
It includes dilution and exploitation losses. Ore reserves are divided into
probable andproven. Landscape diversity is structural space created in the
interaction of natural and / or generated by certain elements of the landscape
biological, climatic, geological, geomorphological, pedological, hidrological,
cultural, historical an sociological characteristics.
It may also include closed forest formations where trees with different
floors covering most of the stands or open forest formations with a continuous
vegetation cover in which tree crown cover more than 10% of the area. Belong
to the category of forest and young natural stands and all the associations that
artificially raised to achieve coverage crows more than 10% of the area and
height of trees over 5 m, as well as parts of the forest than the action of man or
other natural factors currently destroyed, but is expected to be translated into
forest.
Forests and forest ecosystems are among the most important bioecological
resources and the most versatile actor of renewable natural resources, in
addition
to
socio-economic importance (through production of biomass as raw materials
mechanical and chemical processing of wood), while the most stable ecosystems
of paramount importance in nature conservation and environmental quality the
enviroment. Forests are in sloving the problem of preserving, protecting and
improving the quality of irreplace able environmetal factor, not only in regional
terms, but their ecosystem services generate a positive global effect on all
components environment.
Biodiversity, geological diversity, landscape diversity and management
protected areas is in which the state has begun, but not completed, the
restructing of the strategic legal, institutional and economic the
frame. Activities are mostly caused by the stabilization and the European
Union. Current priorities are a reflection of real the need for resolving longstanding and growing problems in this area.
One of eight Millennium Development Goals and ensuring enviromental
sustain ability the enviroment.
This goal has become a liability when developing national strategies and
action plans and implies the incorporation of the principles of sustainable
development
in
national policy, preventing the loss of natural resources and encouraging
its revitalization.
7

Seminarski rad
Aleksandar Djordjevic185/td

LITERATURE:

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