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TensileModulusModulusofElasticityorYoung'sModulusforsomecommonMaterials

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TensileModulusModulusofElasticityorYoung'sModulusforsomecommonMaterials
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TensileModulusYoung'sModulusorModulusofElasticityisameasureofstiffnessofanelasticmaterial.Itisusedtodescribetheelasticpropertiesofobjectslikewires,rodsorcolumnswhentheyarestretchedorcompressed.
TensileModulusisdefinedasthe
"ratioofstress(forceperunitarea)alonganaxistostrain(ratioofdeformationoverinitiallength)alongthataxis"
Itcanbeusedtopredicttheelongationorcompressionofanobjectaslongasthestressislessthantheyieldstrengthofthematerial.

Material

ABSplastics

TensileModulus
(Young'sModulus,ModulusofElasticity)
E

YieldStrength
Sy

(106N/m 2,MPa)

(106N/m 2,MPa)

(106psi)

(109N/m 2,GPa)

1.43.1

40

2.8

65

3.2

70

Acetals
Acrylic

UltimateTensileStrength
Su

AluminiumBronze

120

Aluminum

10.0

AluminumAlloys

10.2

Antimony

11.3

Aramid

69

110

95

70112

Beryllium(Be)

42

BerylliumCopper

18.0

Bismuth

4.6

Bone,compact

18

170
(compression)

Bone,spongy

287

76

Boron

Brass

102125

96120

Brass,Naval
Bronze

3100
100

CAB

0.8

Cadmium

4.6

CarbonFiberReinforcedPlastic

150

Carbonnanotube,singlewalled
CastIron4.5%C,ASTMA48

250

1000+

170

Cellulose,cotton,woodpulpandregenerated

80240

Celluloseacetate,moulded

1258

Celluloseacetate,sheet

3052

Cellulosenitrate,celluloid

50

Chlorinatedpolyether

1.1

ChlorintatedPVC(CPVC)

2.9

39

Chromium

36

Cobalt

30

Concrete

17

Concrete,HighStrength(compression)

30

40
(compression)
220

Copper

17

117

Diamond(C)

1220

DouglasfirWood

13

50
(compression)

Epoxyresins

32

2685

Fiberboard,MediumDensity

Flaxfiber
Glass

58

5090

10.8

74

Glassreinforcedpolyestermatrix
Gold

50
(compression)

17

Granite

52

Graphene

1000

GreyCastIron

130

Hempfiber
Inconel

70

35
31

Iridium

75

Iron

28.5

210

Lead

2.0

Magnesiummetal(Mg)

6.4

45

Manganese

23

Marble

MDFMediumdensityfiberboard

15
4

Mercury

Molybdenum(Mo)

40

329

MonelMetal

26
170

Nickel

31

NickelSilver

18.5

NickelSteel

29

Niobium(Columbium)

15

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Niobium(Columbium)

15

Nylon6

24

4590

45

OakWood(alonggrain)

11

Osmium(Os)

80

550

Nylon66

6080

Phenoliccastresins

3359

Phenolformaldehydemouldingcompounds

4552

PhosphorBronze

116

PineWood(alonggrain)

40

Platinum

21.3

Plutonium

14

97

Polyacrylonitrile,fibres

200

Polybenzoxazole

3.5

Polycarbonates

2.6

5262

PolyethyleneHDPE(highdensity)

0.8

15

PolyethyleneTerephthalate,PET

22.7

55

Polyimide

2.5

85

Polyisoprene,hardrubber

39

Polymethylmethacrylate(PMMA)

2.43.4

Polyimidearomatics
Polypropylene,PP

Polystyrene,PS

3.1

68

1.52

2836

33.5

30100

Polytehylene,LDPE(lowdensity)

0.110.45

Polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)

0.4

Polyurethanecastliquid

1020

Polyurethaneelastomer

2955

Polyvinylchloride(PVC)

2.44.1

Potassium

Rhodium

42

Rubber,smallstrain

0.010.1

Sapphire

435

Selenium

8.4

Silicon

16

130185

SiliconCarbide

450

3440

Silver

10.5

Sodium

Steel,HighStrengthAlloyASTMA514

760

690

Steel,stainlessAISI302

180

860

502

Steel,StructuralASTMA36

200

400

250

Tantalum

27

Teflon.PTFE
Thorium

0.5
8.5

Tin

47

Titanium

16

TitaniumAlloy

105120

900

730

400410

TungstenCarbide(WC)

450650

Uranium

24

170

Vanadium

19

WroughtIron

190210

Zinc

12

Toothenamel
Tungsten(W)

83

1N/m2=1x106N/mm2=1Pa=1.4504x104psi
1psi(lb/in2)=144psf(lbf/ft 2)=6,894.8Pa(N/m2)=6.895x103N/mm2
Note!theonlinepressureconvertercanbeusedtoconvertbetweenTensilemodulusunits.

Strain
Strainis"deformationofasolidduetostress"changeindimensiondividedbytheoriginalvalueofthedimensionandcanbeexpressedas
=dL/L(1)
where
=strain(m/m)(in/in)
dL=elongationorcompression(offset)oftheobject(m)(in)
L=lengthoftheobject(m)(in)

Stress
Stressisforceperunitareaandcanbeexpressedas
=F/A(2)
where
=stress(N/m2)(lb/in2,psi)
F=force(N)(lb)
A=areaofobject(m2)(in2)
tensilestressstressthattendstostretchorlengthenthematerialactsnormaltothestressedarea
compressivestressstressthattendstocompressorshortenthematerialactsnormaltothestressedarea
shearingstressstressthattendstoshearthematerialactsinplanetothestressedareaatrightanglestocompressiveortensilestress

Young'sModulusTensileModulus,ModulusofElasticity
Young'smoduluscanbeexpressedas
E=stress/strain
=(F/A)/(dL/L)(3)
where
E=Young'smodulus(N/m2)(lb/in2,psi)
namedafterthe18thcenturyEnglishphysicianandphysicistThomasYoung

Elasticity
Elasticityisapropertyofanobjectormaterialwhichwillrestoreittoitsoriginalshapeafterdistortion.
Aspringisanexampleofanelasticobjectwhenstretched,itexertsarestoringforcewhichtendstobringitbacktoitsoriginallength.ThisrestoringforceisingeneralproportionaltothestretchdescribedbyHooke'sLaw.

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Hooke'sLaw
Onepropertyofelasticityisthatittakesabouttwiceasmuchforcetostretchaspringtwiceasfar.ThatlineardependenceofdisplacementuponstretchingforceiscalledHooke'slawwhichcanbeexpressedas
Fs=kdL(4)
where
Fs=forceinthespring(N)
k=springconstant(N/m)
dL=elongationofthespring(m)

Yieldstrength
Yieldstrength,ortheyieldpoint,isdefinedinengineeringastheamountofstressthatamaterialcanundergobeforemovingfromelasticdeformationintoplasticdeformation.

UltimateTensileStrength
TheUltimateTensileStrengthUTSofamaterialisthelimitstressatwhichthematerialactuallybreaks,withsuddenreleaseofthestoredelasticenergy.
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RelatedTopics
MechanicsKinematics,forces,vectors,motion,momentum,energyandthedynamicsofobjects
MaterialPropertiesMaterialpropertiesdensity,heatcapacity,viscosityandmoreforgases,fluidsandsolids
StaticsLoadsforceandtorque

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