Porosity -permeability correlation

(data from Darling, 2005)

Core data:
Core description

Porosity and permeability

from Conventional Core Analysis

Depth in m
616.0 ... 622.5

Lithology
shale

622.5 ... 625.0

625.0 ... 626.5
626.5 ... 637.5

sandstone
limestone
sandstone

637.5 ... 639.0

639.0 ... 652.0

shale
sandstone

Depth in m plug porosity

620
0.020
622
0.020
624
0.111
626
628
0.095
630
0.156
632
0.150
634
0.075
636
0.105
638
0.060
640
0.179
642
0.156

kh in md
0.01
0.02
22

plug porosity

0.010
10.5
135.6
120
11
15.3
0.8
350
130

Plot permeability versus porosity:

1000

f(x) = 553577.73 x^4.50

R = 0.98

100

kh in md

10
sandstone
Power (sandstone)
limestone

0.1

0.01
0.010

0.100
phi

1.000

kh in md

0.03

ndstone
ower (sandstone)
mestone

note: the data point for limestone is eliminated for regression

Derived regression:

k h =5 . 5410

4.5

where permeability is in md and porosity as fraction

Capillary Pressure Curves

(data from Darling, 2005)
Core data (SCAL):

permeability k

67

System:
Sample
porosity phi
permeability k

Air-Brine
4
0.179
278

Pressure Pc
in psi
3

Sw
0.861

10
25
50
125
200

0.617
0.388
0.290
0.239
0.216

Pressure Pc
in psi
3
10
25
50
125
200

0.730
0.430
0.282
0.214
0.176
0.144

a) Capillary Pressure Curve

(laboratory data air-brine) in psi
200
150
Pc in psi .

Air-Brine
1
0.131

1
4

100
50
0
0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0.800

1.000

Sw
c) Water saturation from Capillary Pressure Curve versus elevation above FWL in m

200.00
150.00
ater level in m .

System:
Sample
porosity phi

100.00
50.00

1
4

c) Water saturation from Capillary Pressure Curve versus elevation above FWL in m

200.00
1
4

above free water level in m .

150.00
100.00
50.00

0.00
0.000 0.200 0.400 0.600 0.800 1.000
Sw

Conversion from air-brine (laboratory) to kerosene-brine (reservoir)

Depth of FWL (m) = 646
Parameter:
cos
System
Air/Brine
72
Kerosene/Brine
26
Capillary pressure in kPa

elevation

depth

air-brine
20.68

kerosene/brine
7.47

above
FWL in m
4.39

in m
641.61

68.94
172.35
344.70
861.75
1378.80

24.90
62.24
124.48
311.19
497.90

14.64
36.61
73.22
183.05
292.88

631.36
609.39
572.78
462.95
353.12

elevation
above
FWL in m
4.39
14.64
36.61
73.22
183.05
292.88

depth

Capillary pressure in kPa

air-brine
20.68
68.94
172.35
344.70
861.75
1378.80

kerosene/brine
7.47
24.90
62.24
124.48
311.19
497.90

in m
641.61
631.36
609.39
572.78
462.95
353.12
a)

ressure Curve
a air-brine) in psi

b) Capillary Pressure Curve

(converted to kerosene-brine) in kPa

1.000

500.00

f(x) = 0.826 x^R = 0.973

Pc in kPa .

Sw - Sw,irr

400.00

1
4

1
4

300.00
200.00
100.00

0.600

0.800

0.00
0.000

1.000

0.100
1.00

0.200

0.400
Sw

0.600

0.800

1.000

d) Water saturation from Capillary Pressure Curve versus depth in m

e Curve versus elevation above FWL in m
350.00

epthl in m .

400.00
450.00
500.00
550.00

1
4

d) Water saturation from Capillary Pressure Curve versus depth in m

e Curve versus elevation above FWL in m

0 1.000

350.00

depthl in m .

400.00
450.00

1
4

500.00
550.00
600.00
650.00
0.000 0.200 0.400Sw0.600 0.800 1.000

Analyse using Leverett function

J (Sw)=Pc(Sw )

Analyse using Thomeer's equation

k
1

cos

V b, Pc
=e
V b , P

Sw,irr = 0.05
J-function calculated
Sw-Sw,irr
0.811
0.567
0.338
0.240
0.189
0.166

( )

Input parameters

from laboratory data (in kPa)

air-brine
kerosine-brine
0.94
6.50
3.14
7.85
15.71
39.26
62.82

G
P
log c
Pd

(iterative approximation)
sample 1
G
-1.5
pd in psi
1

21.65
54.14
108.27
270.68
433.08

V b ,

1.64
5.47
13.68
27.37
68.42
109.47

0.12

V b, p

0 . 12
0.680
0.380
0.232
0.164
0.126
0.094

sample 4
-1.5

=e

1. 5
log ( p

0.08

V b, p

0 . 08

=e

1. 5
log ( p

6.50
21.65
54.14
108.27
270.68
433.08
b) Thom eer (air-brine sys tem )

a) J-function
300

1.000
f(x) = 0.826 x^-0.440
R = 0.973

Lab-data s ample 1

Sw - Sw,irr

250

Thomeer curve set

1

Pc in psi

200

0.100
1.00

Lab-data s ample 4

150
100

10.00
J-function

100.00
50
0
0.000

0.200

0.400
Sw

0.600

0.800

1.000

V b, p

0 . 08

=e

1. 5
log ( p

sys tem )

data s ample 1

meer curve set

data s ample 4

600

0.800

1.000

Variable

Sample 1

Sample 2

Pc

Vb,Pc

Vb,Pc

5
10

1.026
0.538

0.684
0.359

15
20
25
25
30
40
50
70
100
150
200
250
300

0.430
0.380
0.351
0.351
0.331
0.306
0.290
0.271
0.254
0.239
0.230
0.224
0.220

0.286
0.253
0.234
0.234
0.221
0.204
0.193
0.180
0.169
0.159
0.154
0.150
0.147

Archie parameter
Part 1: Formation factor (F) vs. Porosity (phi)
Scal analyses data
For regression with two parameters (a and m) the first table (SCAL data) is used and plotted in plot a)
For regression with one parameters (m) the second table (logarithms of data) is used and plotted in plot b)
porosity
0.10
0.15
0.17
0.08
0.14
0.13

F
89.3
44.0
33.4
133.4
43.3
58.2

f(x) = 1.28 x^-1.84

R = 0.99

log por
-1.000
-0.824
-0.770
-1.097
-0.854
-0.886

log F
1.951
1.643
1.524
2.125
1.636
1.765
f(x) = N.aN x^N.aN
R = N.aN

a)

1000.0

2.000
1.800

f(x) = - 1.958x
R = 1.000

100.0

log (F)

1.600

10.0

1.400
1.200

1.0
0.01

0.10
phi

1.00

1.000
-1.000

-0.900

-0.

Part 2: Resistivity index (IR) vs.water saturation (Sw)

used and plotted in plot a)

Plug 1 Scal analyses data

a) is used and plotted in plot b)

f(x) = 1.00 x^-2.19

R = 1.00

b)

2.000
1.800

1000.000

f(x) = - 1.958x
R = 1.000
100.000

1.600
IR

log (F)

) = N.aN x^N.aN
= N.aN

phi = 0.17
Sw
I=Rt/Ro
1
1.000
0.8
1.612
0.6
2.956
0.4
8.056
0.35
10.150
0.3
12.890
0.28
16.200

1.400

10.000

1.200
1.000
-1.000

-0.900

-0.800
log (phi)

-0.700

-0.600

-0.500

1.000
0.1
Sw

Result: For Log Analysis is used:

a=
m=
n=

vs.water saturation (Sw)

1
Sw

Analysis is used:
1.00
1.96
2.19

phi
0.02
0.1
1

F
2121.20806
90.782053
1