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simiulation.
I. INTRODUCTION
117
v v
u v
v u v
Pv
x
vv
r
+ vv
(1)
=0
u v
=
r
(2)
Q e
Se =
2
(( RInt + t ) 2 RInt
) Le
S a = 0
Q c
S = +
2
c
(( RInt + t ) 2 RInt
) Lc
(3)
(4)
v=u=0
4 2 u v 1 u v 1 v v 2 1
r
+
r
(r vv )
+ v
+
2
r r r r r r 3 x r r
3 x
v v
v u v
+ vv
2v
P
v v
4 v v 4 v v 1 2 u v
= v + v 2v +
r
3r r r 3 r 2 3 x r
r
r
x
T v k v T v
2 Tv
p v
p v
Tv
+ vv
=
+r
v c p , v u v
+ uv
r
+ vv
x
r
r r r
r
x
x 2
ve =
(5)
1
Tv, sat
keff
(7)
T
=0
r
TSolid
Q e
=+
r
R
2
Out Le
TSolid
=0
r
TSolid
Q c
=
2ROut Lc
r
(8)
(9)
1 ul 2ul l xul
P
ul
u
+ vl l = l + l
+ 2
r
x
Kx
x
r
r r r x
Tl
T keff
+ vl l =
x
r
Kr = Kx = K
porosity
and
(12)
(18)
kl [(kl + k s ) (1 )(kl k s )]
[(kl + ks ) + (1 )(kl ks )]
(19)
Condensor
(20)
Adiabatic
Evaporator
(11)
1 Tl 2Tl
r
+ 2 +S
r r r x
r = x =
(17)
(10)
1 vl 2 vl l r ul
v
P
v
l ul l + vl l = l + l
r
+ 2
Kr
r
r
x
r r r x
l c p , l ul
(16)
Tl
T
= k Solid Solid
r
r
TSolid
=0
x
Q c
2RInt Lc v h fg
Tv
=0
x
u
= 0&
r
vc = +
va = 0
1 TSolid 2TSolid
k Solid
r
+
=0
r
x 2
r r
(6)
1
P
R
ln v
h fg
Pv, sat
Q e
2RInt Le v h fg
(15)
Tl
=0
x
Q e
ve = +
2
R
Int Le v h fg
=
v
0
a
Q c
v =
c
2
R
Lc v h fg
Int
(14)
(13)
118
TABLE I
SPECIFICATIONS OF ANNULAR CONCENTRIC HEAT PIPE USED FOR MODEL
VERIFICATION, [3] AND [9]
Heat pipe wall material
Ratio of internal to
external diameter
Heat pipe length
Evaporator length
Condenser Length
Copper
TABLE II
SPECIFICATIONS OF BENCHMARK HEAT PIPE
h fg = 2251.2 kJ
kg
Working fluid
specifications
kJ
C p = 2.034 kgK
= 0.5974 mkg
119
B. Wick Porosity
Here the effect of wick porosity to the heat pipe behaviour
was studied. With increasing the porosity, the effective
thermal conductivity of wick structure decreases, so the
temperature differences in evaporator and condenser
increases. (Fig. 7). Also with increasing the porosity, the
pressure drops in wick structure decreases and the thermal
resistance of system increases. (Fig. 8)
120
VII. CONCLUSION
It has been shown that steady state two-dimensional heat
transfer and flow equations in both vapour region and porous
media can be simulated using this numerical model with
accuracy. For design of a heat pipe for a special purpose it is
possible to study parameter variation and their effect on
system behaviour. The governing equations have been solved
using SIMPLE algorithm with collocated grid scheme. This
model has been verified with available numerical data and has
shown good agreement. The results shows that, thermal
resistance of a conventional cylindrical heat pipe, grows with
increasing wick porosity, and decreases with increasing of
wall thermal conductivity and heat pipe radius.
REFERENCES
[1]
121
Amir Faghri, Heat Pipe Science and Technology, Taylor & Francis
Publishing, 1995.
[2]
122