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RELIEF:
Land: Land directly and indirectly affects the natural vegetation. Nature of land influences the type of
vegetation. If the land is level and fertile, it is mainly used for farming. If the land is uneven then grassland and
woodlands develop over it.
Poverty As Challenge
Soil: Different types of soil are fit for different types of vegetation. For example; sandy soil is fit for cactus and
thorny bushes, while wet and marshy soil is fit for mangrove vegetation.
Story of Palampur
CLIMATE
History
French Revolution
Socialism in Europe
Nazism & Rise of Hitler
Forest Society
Pastrolists in Modern World
Peasants & Farmers
History & Sports
Clothign: A Social History
Civics
Democracy in Contemporary World
Temperature and Humidity: Temperature and humidity are the main factors which determine the character and
extent of vegetation. An area with high temperature and high humidity supports evergreen forest, while an area
with high temperature and low humidity supports thorny bushes.
Photoperiod (Sunlight): The duration of sunlight is called photoperiod. Photoperiod depends on latitude,
altitude, season and duration of the day. Trees grow faster in summer because of longer photoperiod.
Precipitation: If an area gets heavy rainfall, it is suitable for the growth of dense vegetation. On the other hand,
an area with scanty rainfall is suitable for thorny bushes.
Ecosystem: All the plants and animals in an area are interdependent on each other. The plants and animals;
alongwith their physical environment make the ecosystem. A very large ecosystem is called a biome. Biomes
are identified on the basis of plants.
TYPES OF VEGETATION
There are five major types of vegetation in India: Tropical Rainforests, Tropical Deciduous Forests, Tropical
Thorn Forests and Scrubs, Montane Forests and Mangrove Forests.
Meaning of Democracy
Constitutional Design
Electoral Politics
Working of Institutions
Democratic Rights
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WILD LIFE
There are more than 89,000 animal species in India. There are more than 1200 species of birds in India.
Elephants are found in the hot wet forests of Assam, Karnataka and Kerala. One-horned rhinos are found in
the swampy and marshy lands of Assam and West Bengal. Wild ass and camels are found in the Rann of
Kachchh and Thar Desert. Indian bison, nilgai, chousingha, gazel and many other species of deer and some
other animals are found in India. India is the only country in the world which has both tigers and lions.
There are fourteen biosphere reserves in India. Four out of these, the Sunderbans in the West Bengal,
Nanda Devi in Uttaranchal, the Gulf of Mannar in Tamil Nadu and the Nilgiris (Kerala, Karnataka and
Tamil Nadu) have been included in the world network of Biosphese reserves.
The fourteen biosphere reserves are: Sunderbans, Gulf of Mannar, the Nilgiris, Nanda Devi, Nokrek,
Great Nicobar, Manas, Simlipal, Dihang-Dibang, Dibru Saikhowa, Agasthyamalai, Kanchenjunga,
Pachmari, Achanakmar-Amarkantak.
Project Tiger, Project Rhino, Project Great Indian Bustard and many other ecodevelopmental projects
have been introduced.
89 National Parks, 49 Wildlife sanctuaries and Zoological gardens are set up to take care of Natural
heritage.
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Natural Vegetation and Wildlife - Class nine - Geography - NCERT Solution
Aesop's Fables - Story for kids
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