SURVEY METHODOLOGY

SURVEY METHODOLOGY
This is the Subtitle

Robert M. Groves
Universitat de les Illes Balears

Floyd J. Fowler, Jr.

University of New Mexico

A JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC., PUBLICATION

c
Copyright 2007
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data:
Survey Methodology / Robert M. Groves . . . [et al.].
p. cm.(Wiley series in survey methodology)
Wiley-Interscience.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-471-48348-6 (pbk.)
1. SurveysMethodology. 2. Social
sciencesResearchStatistical methods. I. Groves, Robert M. II. Series.
HA31.2.S873 2007
001.433dc22
Printed in the United States of America.
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

2004044064

To my parents

CONTRIBUTORS

MASAYKI ABE, Fujitsu Laboratories Ltd., Fujitsu Limited, Atsugi, Japan

L. A. AKERS, Center for Solid State Electronics Research, Arizona State University,

Tempe, Arizona
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of
Notre Dame, Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana; formerly of Center for Solid State
Electronics Research, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona

G. H. BERNSTEIN,

CONTENTS IN BRIEF

PART I

SUBMICRON SEMICONDUCTOR MANUFACTURE

1 The Submicrometer Silicon MOSFET

2 First Edited Book Sample Chapter Title

G. Alvarez and R. K. Watts

3 Second Edited Book Sample Chapter Title

George Smeal, Ph.D., Sally Smith, M.D. and Stanley Kubrick

vii

CONTENTS

List of Figures

xi

List of Tables

xiii

Foreword

xv

Preface

xvii

Acknowledgments

xix

Acronyms

xxi

Glossary

xxiii

List of Symbols

xxv

Introduction
Catherine Clark, PhD.

xxvii

References

xxvii

PART I
1

SUBMICRON SEMICONDUCTOR MANUFACTURE

The Submicrometer Silicon MOSFET

1.1

3
3
4
4

1.2
1.3

Here is a normal section

1.1.1
This is the subsection
Tips On Special Section Heads
This Version of Section Head will be sent Contents

ix

CONTENTS

1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
2

This show how to explicitly break lines

in Table of Contents
How to get lower case in section head: pH
How to use a macro that has both upper and lower case parts: VT xyz
Equation

4
4
4
4

First Edited Book Sample Chapter Title

G. Alvarez and R. K. Watts

2.1

Here is a normal section

Second Edited Book Sample Chapter Title

George Smeal, Ph.D., Sally Smith, M.D. and Stanley Kubrick
3.1
3.2
3.3

3.4

Sample Section
Example, Figure and Tables
3.2.1
Side by Side Tables and Figures
Algorithm
Problems
Exercises
Summary

7
7
8
8
9
10
10
11

References

11

Appendix: This is the Chapter Appendix Title

11

Chapter Appendix

11

This is the Appendix Title

13

Appendix

15

Alternate Reference Styles

17

References

19

References

21

Index

23

LIST OF FIGURES

3.1

Short figure caption.

3.2

Oscillograph for memory address access operations, showing 500 ps

address access time and superimposed signals of address access in 1
kbit memory plane.

This caption will go on the left side of the page. It is the initial caption
of two side-by-side captions.

This caption will go on the right side of the page. It is the second of
two side-by-side captions.

3.3
3.4
3-A.1

This is an appendix figure caption.

11

A.1

This is an appendix figure caption.

13

xi

LIST OF TABLES

3.1
3.2

Small Table
Effects of the two types of
and co-workersa,b

8
PA

scaling proposed by Dennard

8

3.3

Table Caption

3.4

Table Caption

3-A.1
A.1

This is an appendix table caption

12

Appendix table caption

13

xiii

FOREWORD

This is the foreword to the book.

xv

PREFACE

This is an example preface. This is an example preface. This is an example preface. This
is an example preface.
R. K. WATTS
Durham, North Carolina
September, 2007

xvii

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

From Dr. Jay Young, consultant from Silver Spring, Maryland, I received the initial push
to even consider writing this book. Jay was a constant peer reader and very welcome
advisor durying this year-long process.
To all these wonderful people I owe a deep sense of gratitude especially now that this
project has been completed.
G. T. S.

xix

ACRONYMS

ACGIH

American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists

AEC

Atomic Energy Commission

OSHA

Occupational Health and Safety Commission

SAMA

Scientific Apparatus Makers Association

Survey Methodology, Second Edition.

c 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
By Robert M. Groves Copyright

xxi

GLOSSARY

NormGibbs

Draw a sample from a posterior distribution of data with an unknown

mean and variance using Gibbs sampling.

pNull

Test a one sided hypothesis from a numberically specified posterior CDF

or from a sample from the posterior

sintegral

A numerical integration using Simpsons rule

Survey Methodology, Second Edition.

c 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
By Robert M. Groves Copyright

xxiii

SYMBOLS

A Amplitude
& Propositional logic symbol
a Filter Coefficient
B

Number of Beats

Survey Methodology, Second Edition.

c 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
By Robert M. Groves Copyright

xxv

INTRODUCTION
C ATHERINE C LARK , P H D.
Harvard School of Public Health
Boston, MA, USA

The era of modern began in 1958 with the invention of the integrated circuit by J. S. Kilby
of Texas Instruments [1]. His first chip is shown in Fig. I. For comparison, Fig. I.2 shows
a modern microprocessor chip, [4].
This is the introduction. This is the introduction. This is the introduction. This is the
introduction. This is the introduction. This is the introduction.
ABCDEF

abc
X

(I.1)

def

REFERENCES
1. J. S. Kilby, Invention of the Integrated Circuit, IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, ED-23, 648
(1976).
2. R. W. Hamming, Numerical Methods for Scientists and Engineers, Chapter N-1, McGraw-Hill,
New York, 1962.
3. J. Lee, K. Mayaram, and C. Hu, A Theoretical Study of Gate/Drain Offset in LDD MOSFETs
IEEE Electron Device Lett., EDL-7(3). 152 (1986).

xxvii

PART I

SUBMICRON
SEMICONDUCTOR
MANUFACTURE

CHAPTER 1

THE SUBMICROMETER
SILICON MOSFET

The sheer volumne of answers can often stifle insight...The purpose of computing is insight, not
numbers.
Hamming [2]

1.1

Here is a normal section

Here is some text.

1.1.1

This is the subsection

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some normal text. Here is some normal text. Here is some normal text. Here is some
normal text. Here is some normal text. Here is some normal text. Here is some normal
text. Here is some normal text.
This is the subsubsection Here is some text after the subsubsection. Here is
some text after the subsubsection. Here is some text after the subsubsection. Here is some
text after the subsubsection.
1.1.1.1

This is the paragraph Here is some normal text. Here is some normal text. Here is some
normal text. Here is some normal text.
Survey Methodology, Second Edition.
c 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
By Robert M. Groves Copyright

THE SUBMICROMETER SILICON MOSFET

1.2

Tips On Special Section Heads

Here are some things you can do for a special section head.

1.3

Break Long Section heads

with double backslash

Here is some normal text. Here is some normal text. Here is some normal text.

1.4

Here is a Section Title

See this section head for information on how to explicitly break lines in table of contents.

1.5

How to get lower case in section head:

pH

Here is some normal text. Here is some normal text. Here is some normal text.

1.6

How to use a macro that has both upper and lower case parts: VT xyz

See the top of this file where the definition and box were set.

1.7

Equation

For optimal vertical spacing, no blank lines before or after equations

as you see here.

(1.1)

CHAPTER 2

FIRST EDITED BOOK SAMPLE CHAPTER

TITLE
G. Alvarez and R. K. Watts
Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

2.1

Here is a normal section

Here is some text.

Survey Methodology, Second Edition.

c 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
By Robert M. Groves Copyright

CHAPTER 3

SECOND EDITED BOOK SAMPLE

CHAPTER TITLE
George Smeal, Ph.D.1 , Sally Smith, M.D.2 and Stanley Kubrick1
1
2

AT&T Bell Laboratories Murray Hill, New Jersey

Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts

3.1

Sample Section

Here is some sample text.

Survey Methodology, Second Edition.

c 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
By Robert M. Groves Copyright

SECOND EDITED BOOK SAMPLE CHAPTER TITLE

3.2

Example, Figure and Tables

EXAMPLE 3.1

Optional Example Name

Use Blacks law [Equation (6.3)] to estimate the reduction in useful product life if a
metal line is initially run at 55 C at a maximum line current density.
illustration here
Figure 3.1

Short figure caption.

Figure 3.2 Oscillograph for memory address access operations, showing 500 ps address access
time and superimposed signals of address access in 1 kbit memory plane.

Table 3.1

Small Table

one

two

three

four

Table 3.2 Effects of the two types of

and co-workersa,b

PA
B

scaling proposed by Dennard

Scaling

Parameter

, Scaling

Voltage

Currant

/2

2 /

Dimension

Dopant Concentration
a Refs.
b ,

3.2.1

19 and 20.
> 1.

Side by Side Tables and Figures

Space for figure...

Figure 3.3 This caption will go on the left side

of the page. It is the initial caption of two sideby-side captions.

Space for second figure...

Figure 3.4 This caption will go on the right
side of the page. It is the second of two side-byside captions.

The command \sidebyside{}{} works similarly for tables:

When using \sidebyside, one must use the cross referencing command \label{}
after and outside of \caption{}:
\begin{table}

ALGORITHM

Table 3.3

Table 3.4

Table Caption

Table Caption

one

two

three

four

little

sample

table

second little

sample

table

\sidebyside{\caption{Table Caption}\label{tab1}
first table}
{\caption{Table Caption}\label{tab2} second table}
\end{table}
or,
\begin{figure}
\sidebyside{\vskip<dimen>\caption{fig caption}\label{fig1}}
{\vskip<dimen>\caption{fig caption}\label{fig2}}
\end{figure}

3.3

Algorithm

This is a sample algorithm.

Algorithm 3.1
state transition algorithm {
for each neuron j {0, 1, . . . , M 1}
{
calculate the weighted sum Sj using Eq. (6);
if (Sj > tj )
{turn ON neuron; Y1 = +1}
else if (Sj < tj )
{turn OFF neuron; Y1 = 1}
else
{no change in neuron state; yj remains unchanged;}
}
}

Here is some normal text. Here is some normal text. Here is some normal text. Here
is some normal text. Here is some normal text. Here is some normal text. Here is some
normal text. Here is some normal text. Here is some normal text. Here is some normal
text. Here is some normal text. Here is some normal text. Here is some normal text. Here
is some normal text.
This is a sample of extract or quotation. This is a sample of extract or quotation. This is
a sample of extract or quotation.

1. This is the first item in the numbered list.

2. This is the second item in the numbered list. This is the second item in the numbered
list. This is the second item in the numbered list.
This is the first item in the itemized list.

10

SECOND EDITED BOOK SAMPLE CHAPTER TITLE

This is the first item in the itemized list. This is the first item in the itemized list. This
is the first item in the itemized list.
This is the first item in the itemized list.
This is the first item in the itemized list. This is the first item in the itemized list. This
is the first item in the itemized list.
PROBLEMS
3.1 For Hookers data, Problem 1.2, use the Box and Cox and Atkinson procedures to
determine a appropriate transformation of PRES in the regression of PRES on TEMP. find
,
the score test, and the added variable plot for the score. Summarize the results.
,
3.2 The following data were collected in a study of the effect of dissolved sulfur on the
surface tension of liquid copper (Baes and Killogg, 1953).
Y = Decrease in Surface Tension
x = Weight % sulfur

(dynes/cm), two Replicates

0.

034

301

316

0.

093

430

422

0.

30

593

586

a) Find the transformations of X and Y sot that in the transformed scale the regression is linear.
b) Assuming that X is transformed to ln(X), which choice of Y gives better results,
Y or ln(Y )? (Sclove, 1972).
c) In the case of 1 ?

d) In the case of 2 ?

3.3 Examine the Longley data, Problem 3.3, for applicability of assumptions of the linear
model.
3.4

In the case of 1 ?

3.5

In the case of 2 ?

EXERCISES
3.1 For Hookers data, Exercise 1.2, use the Box and Cox and Atkinson procedures to
determine a appropriate transformation of PRES in the regression of PRES on TEMP. find
,
the score test, and the added variable plot for the score. Summarize the results.
,
3.2 The following data were collected in a study of the effect of dissolved sulfur on the
surface tension of liquid copper (Baes and Killogg, 1953).
Y = Decrease in Surface Tension
x = Weight % sulfur

(dynes/cm), two Replicates

0.

034

301

316

0.

093

430

422

0.

30

593

586

SUMMARY

11

a) Find the transformations of X and Y sot that in the transformed scale the regression is linear.
b) Assuming that X is transformed to ln(X), which choice of Y gives better results,
Y or ln(Y )? (Sclove, 1972).
c) In the case of 1 ?

d) In the case of 2 ?

3.3 Examine the Longley data, Problem 3.3, for applicability of assumptions of the linear
model.
3.4

In the case of 1 ?

3.4

Summary

3.5

In the case of 2 ?

This is a summary of this chapter. Here are some references: [1], [4].

REFERENCES
1. J. S. Kilby, Invention of the Integrated Circuit, IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, ED-23, 648
(1976).
2. R. W. Hamming, Numerical Methods for Scientists and Engineers, Chapter N-1, McGraw-Hill,
New York, 1962.
3. J. Lee, K. Mayaram, and C. Hu, A Theoretical Study of Gate/Drain Offset in LDD MOSFETs
IEEE Electron Device Lett., EDL-7(3). 152 (1986).
4. A. Berenbaum, B. W. Colbry, D.R. Ditzel, R. D Freeman, and K.J. OConnor, A Pipelined 32b
Microprocessor with 13 kb of Cache Memory, it Int. Solid State Circuit Conf., Dig. Tech. Pap.,
p. 34 (1987).

Appendix: This is the Chapter Appendix Title

This is an appendix with a title.

Figure 3-A.1

(A.1)

This is an appendix figure caption.

Appendix
This is a Chapter Appendix without a title.
Here is a math test to show the difference between using Computer Modern math fonts
and MathTimes math fonts. When MathTimes math fonts are used the letters in an equation
will match TimesRoman italic in the text. (g, i, y, x, P, F, n, f, etc.) Caligraphic fonts, used
for ABC below, will stay the same in either case.
X
gi (y|f ) =
P (x|Fn )fi (y|x)ABC
(B.1)
x

12

SECOND EDITED BOOK SAMPLE CHAPTER TITLE

Table 3-A.1
Date

This is an appendix table caption

Event

1867

Maxwell speculated the existence of electromagnetic waves.

1887

Hertz showed the existence of electromagnetic waves.

1890

Branly developed technique for detecting radio waves.

1896

Marconi demonstrated wireless telegraph.

1897

Marconi patented wireless telegraph.

1898

Marconi awarded patent for tuned communication.

1898

Wireless telegraphic connection between England and France established.

where gi (y|Fn ) is the function specifying the probability an object will display a value y
on a dimension i given Fn the observed feature structure of all the objects.

APPENDIX A
THIS IS THE APPENDIX TITLE

This is an appendix with a title.

Figure A.1

(A.1)

This is an appendix figure caption.

Table A.1

Appendix table caption

Alpha

Beta

Gamma

Delta

Survey Methodology, Second Edition.

c 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
By Robert M. Groves Copyright

13

APPENDIX B

This is an appendix without a title.

Here is a math test to show the difference between using Computer Modern math fonts
and MathTimes math fonts. When MathTimes math fonts are used the letters in an equation
will match TimesRoman italic in the text. (g, i, y, x, P, F, n, f, etc.) Caligraphic fonts, used
for ABC below, will stay the same in either case.
X
gi (y|f ) =
P (x|Fn )fi (y|x)ABC
(B.1)
x

where gi (y|Fn ) is the function specifying the probability an object will display a value y
on a dimension i given Fn the observed feature structure of all the objects.

Survey Methodology, Second Edition.

c 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
By Robert M. Groves Copyright

15

APPENDIX C
ALTERNATE REFERENCE STYLES

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c 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
By Robert M. Groves Copyright

17

REFERENCES

1. J. S. Kilby, Invention of the Integrated Circuit, IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, ED-23, 648
(1976).
2. R. W. Hamming, Numerical Methods for Scientists and Engineers, Chapter N-1, McGraw-Hill,
New York, 1962.
3. J. Lee, K. Mayaram, and C. Hu, A Theoretical Study of Gate/Drain Offset in LDD MOSFETs
IEEE Electron Device Lett., EDL-7(3). 152 (1986).
4. A. Berenbaum, B. W. Colbry, D.R. Ditzel, R. D Freeman, and K.J. OConnor, A Pipelined 32b
Microprocessor with 13 kb of Cache Memory, it Int. Solid State Circuit Conf., Dig. Tech. Pap.,
p. 34 (1987).

Survey Methodology, Second Edition.

c 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
By Robert M. Groves Copyright

19

REFERENCES

[Kil76]

J. S. Kilby, Invention of the Integrated Circuit, IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, ED-23,
648 (1976).

[Ham62] R. W. Hamming, Numerical Methods for Scientists and Engineers, Chapter N-1, McGrawHill, New York, 1962.
[Hu86]

J. Lee, K. Mayaram, and C. Hu, A Theoretical Study of Gate/Drain Offset in LDD MOSFETs IEEE Electron Device Lett., EDL-7(3). 152 (1986).

[Ber87]

A. Berenbaum, B. W. Colbry, D.R. Ditzel, R. D Freeman, and K.J. OConnor, A Pipelined

32b Microprocessor with 13 kb of Cache Memory, it Int. Solid State Circuit Conf., Dig.
Tech. Pap., p. 34 (1987).

Survey Methodology, Second Edition.

c 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
By Robert M. Groves Copyright

21

Index

A
Abrupt changes, 2
Activation function, 275, 276, 281, 283
hyperbolic tangent, 279
logistic, 278
piecewise-linear, 276, 277
sigmoidal, 276278
signum, 278280
squashing, 277
threshold, 276, 280
Adaptive estimation, 284
Adaptive features, 301
Adaptive nonlinear model, 275
Admissibility condition, 101, 103
Aggregate heterogeneity
trader classes, 10
Akaike Information Criteria, 195, 294
Alias, 107, 166
Aliasing, 107
Almon lag, 24
Amplitude, 26, 27, 29
Amplitude spectrum, 270
Analysis equation, 30, 103
Approximation, 276
function, 273
Artificial neural network, 272
Artificial neuron, 276
Asymmetry
cross-correlation, 10
Augmented Dickey-Fuller test, 150, 152

Autocorrelation, 55
correlogram, 62
definition of, 61
in practice, 62, 63
pitfalls, 61, 62
sample, 61
spurious, 61
Autocorrelation function (ACF), 194, 236
Autocovariance function
autocorrelation, 3, 61
definition of, 56
Autocovariance sequence (ACVS), 6163, 148,
183, 236, 267
Autospectra, 252, 254, 269

B
Backpropogation, 283
dynamic, 302
Bagging, 299
(and so on)

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By Robert M. Groves Copyright

23