Professional Documents
Culture Documents
2014
PIPING INTRODUCTION
SUMIT
Er.sumit_sharma@outlook.com
PIPING INTRODUCTION
INDEX
CODE
PIPING V /S PIPELINE
STANDARDS
PLANT DISCIPLINE
PIPING FUNDAMENTALS
PIPE
PIPING ASPECTS
PIPING INTRODUCTION
Oil/gas refinery
Petrochemical plant
Chemical plant
Ammine plant
Alcohol plant
Pesticide plant
Textile plant
Cement plant
CODE:
Definition: it consist of standards for design, fabrication, installation, testing and m/L
instructions
Fluid
Normal
Flammable
Toxic- H2
Viscous
Corrosive
PIPING INTRODUCTION
PIPING INTRODUCTION
STANDARDS:
These are documents prepared by professionals for the components which are to be
used in the market of piping system.
PLANT DISCIPLINES:
PLANT
25%
50%
25%
23 to 25 % piping
25 to 27 %
civil,instrumental,electrical
PIPING INTRODUCTION
PIPING FUNDAMENTALS:
1) Drawings
Flow diagram
Block flow diagram
Process flow diagram
P & id
Utility flow diagram
Layouts
Isometrics
2) Equipment supports
3) Piping supports
4) Design calculation
5) Stress analysis- Caesar II
PIPE:
It is cylindrical shape structure used to transfer the fluid, solid or semi solids from one
pt. to another under pressure.
Fluid :
Liquids( water)
Gases( air)
Solids :
pellets( tablets)
powder ( cement)
semi solids:
slurry( crude oil, grease)
PIPING INTRODUCTION
PIPING ASPECTS:
1. Diameter:
NPS
1
2
3
4
6
8
10
12
14
OD
1.315
2.375
3.5
4.5
6.625
8.625
10.75
12.75
14
NB/DN
25
50
80
100
150
200
250
300
350
PIPING INTRODUCTION
Note:
Note:
Note:
2. Wall thickness:
It is represented by following terms.
(i).
Schedule no. ( SCH)
(ii). Pipe weight designation
(i)
SCH:
It is a no. which has standardize thickness as per the standards
Sch no. range :
5, 5s, 10, 10s,20,20s,30,40,60,80,100,120,140,160
Sch no. without s is for CS and AS
Sch no with s is for ss
(ii)
PIPING INTRODUCTION
i)
ii)
iii)
iv)
3. Pipe length :
10
PIPING INTRODUCTION
4. Pipe ends:
PIPING INTRODUCTION
(i)
(ii)
Advantages:
It can be easily made on the site
It can be used where welding is not permitted due to fire hazard
Disadvantages:
It is not used for big bores and high pressure and temp. Lines.
There is joint leaks
A seal weld can be used for threaded joint but the code doesnt
allow to consider the welding strength as the joint strength
Socket weld joining method:
Gap of 1/16 or 1.5 mm is to be maintain to accommodate pipe
thermal expansion
Two circumferential weld is done
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PIPING INTRODUCTION
(iii)
Advantages:
End preparation is not required
Alignment if end is not required
The welding is less time consuming
Disadvantages:
Not used for big bores and high press. and temp. lines
1.5 mm gap pocket fluid is not permitted by code for corrosive
and abrasive fluids.
Butt weld method:
It is generally used for joining big bore pipes
Root gap for proper weld preparation , mostly 75
Advantages:
It is the best way for joining big bore, high temp and pressure
lines
The joint is reliable and leak proof
The joint can be radiograph
PIPING INTRODUCTION
o NDT techniques
Radiography
VT
MPT
DPT
RT: to find weld defects
UT: to find the flow dimension
Radiography:
it is the method in which welding flaws (defects) are
found by passing radiation through the welding by
placing a source ( radiation emitter) (ex:cobalt)
whose radiation forms a lighter and bitter shape of
image on film wrapped on welding from pipe
outside which helps in finding the defects in
welding.
Disadvantages
End preparation is necessary
Alignment of ends is necessary
Welding is more time consuming than the socket weld
A backing ring is required to avoid weld penetration to pipe ID
o Backing ring shapes:
Circular
Square
Rectangular
o M/L of backing ring:
Ferrous or non ferrous
Consumable or non consumable
Seamless ( E=1)
ERW(electric resistance weld)
EFW(electric fusion weld)
FBW(fusion butt weld)
SAW(submerge arc weld)
DSAW(double submerge arc weld)
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PIPING INTRODUCTION
7. Piping grades:
(i).
Carbon steel :
Max temp : 800f( 427c)
Max carbon content : 0.35 %
Grades:
A, B, C
C is better than A & B
PIPING INTRODUCTION
Ex:
ASTM A53 GR A for ambient condition
ASTM A53 GR B for high temp
ASTM A106 GR B for high temp
ASTM A106 GR C for high temp
A53 is most commonly used carbon steel m/L
ASTM : American society for testing & m/L
Note:
Killing steel:
Killing is the process in which oxygen is removed by adding aluminum (Al2O3) and
manganese (Mno) which can be used for temp beyond 8000 f
(ii)
Alloy steel:
Main alloy elements Cr,Mo
Max temp 1200f
Grades:
P1,P2,P5,P11,P12,P22
Ex:
ASTM A335 Gr P1
ASTM A335 Gr P11
ASTM A335 Gr P12
(iii)
Stainless steel:
Main alloy elements: Cr,Ni
Called as austenite ss due to the presence of Ni
Carbon content : 0.08 %
Max temp: 1600 f
Note:
It is used for ambient temp also for corrosive fluid
Grades:
304, 304L, 316, 316L, etc
Ex:
ASTM A312 TP 304
ASTM A312 TP 304L
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PIPING INTRODUCTION
Note:
At high temp. carbon present in the ss reacts with cr to form
crc(chromium carbide) due to which the white surface layer of
chromium(cr) is depleted, making steel prom to corrosion, to
avoid this either low carbon ss or ss with stabilizer like
chromium , titanium is used which have more attraction and
reaction to carbon than chromium.
8. Pipe symbols:
Rise symbol:
It is for pipe going up/coming towards us.
PIPING INTRODUCTION
Drop symbol:
It is for pipe going away from us/dropping/ going down
Incomplete circle with pipe going inside it.
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PIPING INTRODUCTION
Joint symbols:
Threaded joints
Socket weld joint(SW)
Butt weld joint(BW)
Note: