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TITLE
B. PURPOSE
solution
2. To determine the total hardness of Kenjeran well water
C. BASIC THEORY :
Complexometry Titration
Complexometric titration (sometimes chelatometry) is a form of volumetric
analysis in which the formation of a colored complex is used to indicate the end point
of a titration. Complexometric titrations are particularly useful for the determination
of a mixture of different metal ions in solution. An indicator capable of producing an
unambiguous color change is usually used to detect the end-point of the titration.
Basic theory of complexometry titration with EDTA is the forming of
complex compound between some metal (such as: Ca, Mg, Ni, Zn, Cu, etc) with
EDTA. Metals will forms complex with EDTA at different pH, Ca 2+ and Mg2+ react
well at pH 8 10. EDTA (Etilen Diamine Tetra Acetate) is an acid base 4 (H 4Y). but,
which is often used is the natrium salt (Na2H2Y). the forming of complex between
metals ions and EDTA according to pH of solution. Indicator that is used are EBT
(Enochrome Black T) and Kalgamit. That indicator is a weak acid basic 3 (H 3In).
dissociating equilibrium of that indicator will give some colors and forming complex
1 : 1 with total metal ion, so, can give the color change at the end of reaction.
Reactions
: H2In- HIn2- + H+
Red
Blue
With metal ion
: Ca2+, Mg2+, Zn2+, Ni2+:
Mg2+ + HIn2- MgIN- + H+
Red grape
With EDTA : MgIn- + H2Y2- MgH2Y2- MgH2Y + In3Red grape
In3- + H2O HIn- + OHBlue
At equivalent point:
Sum of equivalent Mg2+ = sum of equivalent EDTA
Indicator
Complexometry Titration
So, the changing color through titration is : solution that contain of metal ion
like the statement above after added by EBT indicator will be change into red grape,
after that, after theres happen an equivalent between metal ion with EDTA can be
seen from the form of blue from indicator in HIn2-.
In theory, any complexation reaction can be used as a volumetric technique
provided that:
1. The reaction reaches equilibrium rapidly after each portion of titrant is added.
2. Interfering situations do not arise. For instance, the stepwise formation of
several different complexes of the metal ion with the titrant, resulting in the
presence of more than one complex in solution during the titration process.
3. A complexometric indicator capable of locating equivalence point with fair
accuracy is available.
In practice, the use of EDTA as a titrant is well established.
Reagent EDTA
EDTA, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, has four carboxyl groups and two
amine groups that can act as electron pair donors, or Lewis bases. The ability of
EDTA to potentially donate its six lone pairs of electrons for the formation of
coordinate covalent bonds to metal cations makes EDTA a hexadentate ligand.
However, in practice EDTA is usually only partially ionized, and thus forms fewer
than six coordinate covalent bonds with metal cations.
Disodium EDTA is commonly used to standardize aqueous solutions of
transition metal cations. Disodium EDTA (often written as Na2H2Y) only forms four
coordinate covalent bonds to metal cations at pH values 12. In this pH range, the
Complexometry Titration
amine groups remain protonated and thus unable to donate electrons to the formation
of coordinate covalent bonds. Note that the shorthand form Na4-xHxY can be used to
represent any species of EDTA, with x designating the number of acidic protons
bonded to the EDTA molecule.
EDTA forms an octahedral complex with most 2+ metal cations, M2+, in
aqueous solution. The main reason that EDTA is used so extensively in the
standardization of metal cation solutions is that the formation constant for most metal
cation-EDTA complexes is very high, meaning that the equilibrium for the reaction:
M2+ + H4Y MH2Y + 2H+
lies far to the right. Carrying out the reaction in a basic buffer solution removes H + as
it is formed, which also favors the formation of the EDTA-metal cation complex
reaction product. For most purposes it can be considered that the formation of the
metal cation-EDTA complex goes to completion, and this is chiefly why EDTA is
used in titrations / standardizations of this type.
Indicators
To carry out metal cation titrations using EDTA, it is almost always necessary
to use a complexometric indicator to determine when the end point has been reached.
Common indicators are organic dyes such as Fast Sulphon Black, Eriochrome Black
T, Eriochrome Red B, Patton Reeder, or Murexide. Color change shows that the
indicator has been displaced (usually by EDTA) from the metal cations in solution
when the endpoint has been reached. Thus, the free indicator (rather than the metal
complex) serves as the endpoint indicator. The end point of this titration is the change
from blue color (EBT) to colorless. and when EBT form weak complex with the ca
and mg ion present in the solution but after the addition with titration with EDTA all
Complexometry Titration
the metal ion leaving EBT which formed weak and unstable compound react with
EDTA forms stable and stable complex.
Well Water
Shallow pumping wells can often supply drinking water at a very low cost,
but because impurities from the surface easily reach shallow sources, a greater risk of
contamination occurs for these wells when they are compared to deeper wells.
Chemical contamination is a common problem with groundwater. Nitrates
from sewage or fertilizer are a particular problem for children. Pollutant chemicals
include pesticides and volatile organic compounds from gasoline, dry-cleaning, the
fuel additive methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), and perchlorate from rocket fuel, airbag
inflators, and other artificial and natural sources.
Several minerals are also contaminants, including lead leached from brass
fittings or old lead pipes, chromium VI from electroplating and other sources,
naturally occurring arsenic, radon, and uraniumall of which can cause cancerand
naturally occurring fluoride, which is desirable in low quantities to prevent tooth
decay, but can cause dental fluorosis in higher concentrations.[8]
Some chemicals are commonly present in water wells at levels that are not
toxic, but can cause other problems. Calcium and magnesium cause what is known as
hard water, which can precipitate and clog pipes or burn out water heaters. Iron and
manganese can appear as dark flecks that stain clothing and plumbing, and can
promote the growth of iron and manganese bacteria that can form slimy black
colonies that clog pipes.
Complexometry Titration
Complexometry Titration
Complexometry Titration
E. PROCEDURE :
Determination of standardization Na-EDTA solution 0,01 M with CaCl 2
as standard solution
- Moved
0,4 grams
of into the volumetric flask 500 mL used water 100
CaCO3mL
-
Changing- Color
Read and note the number on burette when the first and the
end of titration
Determine and note Na-EDTA solution that used in titration
Calculated the mean concentration of Na-EDTA
The mean
concentration of
Na-EDTA
Determination
the sum of the hardness of Kenjeran well water
25 mL of sample
- Pipette and dropped to Erlenmeyer
water
Complexometry Titration
Blue (preciously
until red
- color
disappear)
Complexometry Titration
F. EXPERIMENT RESULT
No
.
1.
Procedure of Experiment
Determination of standardization
Na-EDTA solution 0,01 M with
CaCl2 as standard solution
0,4 grams of
CaCO3
100 mL
Added HCl 1 : 1
drop by drop until
perfectly
Washed and filled
with Na-EDTA
solution 0,01 M
Pipette with volume-
Experiment
result
Before:
Erlenmeyer 300 mL
Added 5 mL of
buffer solution pH
10
Added 5 drops of
Complexometry Titration
Conclusion
CaCO3(s)
Na-EDTA
CaCO3
powder:white
+H2O(l)CaCO3
concentration is
(aq) .
Aquades
:colorless
CaCO3(s)
0.0106 M
HCl solution:
colorless
Buffersolution:c
olorless
EBT Indicatior:
dark purple (red
wine)
Na-EDTA:
colorless
After:
CaCO3 solution:
turbid
Buffer solution
+CaCl2:
colorless
Hypothesis
+CaCl2+EBT:
reddish grape
After titrated by
Na-EDTA:
reddish grape
to blue
V1EDTA: 8 mL
V2EDTA: 7.5 mL
+2HCl(aq)CaCl2(
+CO2(g) + H2O(l)
Ca2++Y4- CaY2aq)
V3EDTA: 7.3 mL
EBT indicator
Titrated with NaEDTA solution 0,01
M
Stopped titration
when theres
changing color from
redish grape to blue
Changing
- Color
Read and note the
number on burette
when the first and
-
The mean
concentration of NaEDTA
2.
Complexometry Titration
10
The total of
hardness well
water in
Buffersolution:c
olorless
to Erlenmeyer
Added 2 mL buffer
solution pH 10
Added 3 drops of
EBT Indicatior:
dark purple (red
wine)
BET
Titration with EDTA
Na-EDTA:
colorless
3x
Blue (preciously
until red color
disappear)
After:
Buffer solution
+well water:
colorless
Buffer solution
+well
water+EBT:
reddish grape
After titrated by
Na-EDTA:
reddish grape
to blue
V1EDTA:1. 8 mL
V2EDTA: 2.2 mL
V3EDTA: 2.0 mL
Complexometry Titration
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kenjeran is
210.6 ppm
Complexometry Titration
12
the mixture
was added to a
be
formed by
Complexometry Titration
13
H. CONCLUSION
Based on experiment that we have done, we can conclude that :
1. Na-EDTA concentration is 0.0106 M
2. The total of hardness well water in kenjeran is 210.6 ppm
Complexometry Titration
14
I. ANSWER OF QUESTION
Making and Determining (standardization) of Na-EDTA solution.
1) Find the chemical formula of Na-EDTA, Black Eriokrom T!
Answer:
The chemical formula of Na-EDTA is
0,081 gram
81,0 mg
Volume CaCO3
100 mL
0,1 L
m
V
ppm =
ppm
Complexometry Titration
15
81,0 mg
0,1 L
ppm = 810
k b [ NH 4 OH ]
[ NH 4 Cl ]
=
1,8 x 10 5 x [ NH 4 OH ]
[ NH 4 Cl ]
=
pH =
14 pOH
10 =
14 pOH
pOH
pOH
- log [OH-]
- log [OH-]
[OH-] =
10-4
1,8 x 10 5 x [ NH 4 OH ]
[ NH 4 Cl ]
10-4=
Complexometry Titration
16
[ NH 4 OH ]
[ NH 4 Cl ]
1,8 x 10 5
10 4
[ NH 4OH ]
gr
Mr . V
=
gr
35 . V
1,8 x 10-5
6,3 x 10-4 . V=
gr
supposed VNH4OH =1 L
so, gr
[ NH 4OH ]
[ NH 4 Cl ]
=
gr
Mr . V
Complexometry Titration
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= 0,01016 M
= 10,43 mL
ppm CaCO3
mmol CaCO3
=mmol EDTA
=( M x V ) EDTA
=0,01016 x 10,43
=0,1059 mmol
mg CaCO3 =mmol x Mr
=0,1059 x 100
=10,59 mg
10,59 mg
0,1 L
ppm CaCO3=
=105,9 mg/L
Complexometry Titration
18
ppm MgCO3
mmol MgCO3=mmol EDTA
=[ M x (V1 V2)] EDTA
=0,01016 x 4,85
=0,0493 mmol
mg MgCO3=mmol x Mr
=0,0493 x 84
=4,1412 mg
4,1412 mg
0,1 L
ppm MgCO3=
=41,412 mg/L
Complexometry Titration
19
J. REFERENCE
Husain, Asif. 2007. Theoritical Basis of Analysis Complexometric Titration. New
Delhi
http://amrita.vlab.co.in/ Accessed on Monday, December 16th 2013
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complexometric_titration, December 16th 2013
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_well Accessed on Friday, 27th 2013 at 11.23
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_water Accessed on Friday, 27th 2013 at 11.38
Tim.2013.Panduan Praktikum Kimia Analitik I Dasar-Dasar Kimia Analitik.
Surabaya:Jurusan Kimia FMIPA UNESA
Complexometry Titration
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K. ATTACHMENT
PICTURE
EXPLANATION
Complexometry Titration
21
Complexometry Titration
22
L. CALCULATION
Determining standardization Na-EDTA solution 0.01 with CaCl2 as primary
standard solution.
Known :
mass of CaCO3=0.081 gr
volume of CaCO3=10 mL
V1EDTA= 8 mL
V2EDTA=7.5 mL
V3EDTA= 7.3 mL
Mr CaCO3 = 100
V of CaCO3 dilution=100 mL=0.1
Reaction :
CaCO3(s) + 2 HCl(aq) CaCl2(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)
gr
0.081
=
=0.0081 M
M CaCO3= Mr . L 100.0.1
1. At V EDTA 8 mL
mmol CaCO3 = mmol EDTA
M1. V1 = M2.V2
0.0081 . 10 = M2 . 8
M2= 0.0101 M
2. At V EDTA 7.5 mL
mmol CaCO3 = mmol EDTA
M1. V1 = M2.V2
0.0081 . 10 = M2 7.5
M2= 0.0108 M
Complexometry Titration
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3. At V EDTA7.3 mL
mmol CaCO3 = mmol EDTA
M1. V1 = M2.V2
0.0081 . 10 = M2 . 7.3
M2= 0.011 M
Average
of
NA-EDTA
Concentration
2+
Complexometry Titration
24
3. At V EDTA 2.0 mL
The limit of tolerant hardness water is about 50-80 ppm and our
hardness water is 210.6 ppm, so our hardness water is higher than the tolerant
limit.
Complexometry Titration
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