UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA

DEPARTMENT OF CELLULAR AND PHYSIOLOGICAL SCIENCES

HEAD AND NECK GROSS ANATOMY COMPONENT OF FMED 426
Brain and Behavior
A.

Course Information:

University of British Columbia

Faculty of Medicine
Undergraduate Medical/Dental Curriculum
FMED 426
Head and Neck Gross Anatomy
Component of Brain and Behavior

B.

Instructor Information:

VFMP: Dr. A. Wayne Vogl

C.

NMP:

Dr. Kuo-Hsing Kuo

Dr. Sean Maurice

IMP:

Kurt McBurney (senior instructor)

SMP:

Dr. Olusegun Oyedele

Course Objectives:
To provide dental, medical and graduate students with a working knowledge of
anatomical vocabulary and an understanding of basic structure and function, as
they pertain to Head and Neck. The checklist may refer to areas that you have
covered in other Blocks, or overlap with Neuroanatomy.

D.

Course Overview:

Learning for Head and Neck Gross Anatomy will be via selected dissection laboratories.
E.

Course Policies:
General points concerning the gross anatomy dissection laboratory:
1)
2)
3)
4)

Students are assigned the same cadavers that they have been utilizing in first
term. The Gross Laboratories generally will be open Monday - Friday, 9:00
a.m. 5:00 p.m. for the entire duration of FMED 426.
Students must wear lab coats whenever in the laboratory.
Any cut sustained in the dissecting room should be well scrubbed with
germicidal soap and then covered before dissecting is resumed. Notify an
instructor.
Persons not registered in the course are not allowed in the dissecting room there are no exceptions to this cardinal rule. No material is ever to leave the
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5)
6)

7)

Gross Laboratories or Multipurpose Laboratories. No photographs (digital

or film) are ever to be taken in the gross anatomy laboratory.
The skulls that are used during the course should be treated with care. They
are expensive and almost impossible to replace. DO NOT MARK OR WRITE
ON THEM. Also, Do Not remove them from the laboratory.
It is imperative that the cadaver you are dissecting is well moistened with
preservative (available in plastic bottles in the laboratory) and covered with
the sheets provided. Failure to do this will result in specimens becoming
desiccated.
Recommended Texts and other learning materials: If maximum benefit is to
be obtained from the laboratory sessions students should acquaint themselves
with the anatomy of the region to be studied from a textbook.

Recommended Gross Anatomy books:

Anatomy Textbook: Grays Anatomy for Students
Drake, Vogl and Mitchell
Elsevier
Clinically Oriented Anatomy
Moore, K.L. Williams and Wilkins
Cranial Nerves
Anatomy and Clinical Comments
Wilson-Pauwels, L., Akesson, E.J., Stewart, P.A.
B.C. Decker.
Anatomy Atlas:

Atlas of Human Anatomy.

Netter, CIBA-GEIGY
Grays Atlas of Anatomy
Drake, Vogl, Mitchell, Tibbitts and Richardson
Elsevier
Atlas of Anatomy
Gilroy, MacPherson and Ross
Thieme

BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR BLOCK

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SCHEDULE
FOR HEAD AND NECK GROSS ANATOMY
Week 1
Jan. 15 (Vogl)
Week 2
Jan. 22 (Vogl)

Scalp, Skull, Meninges, Venous Sinuses, Cranial Fossae

Cranial Nerves in Cranial Fossae, Cavernous Sinus
and related Nerves, Foramina and Fissures of Skull
in relation to Nerves, I to XII

Week 3
Jan. 27 (Krebs Vogl)
Jan. 29 (Vogl)

Extraocular muscles/eye movements

Orbit from above, V1, II, III, IV, VI

Week 4
Feb. 3(Vogl)

Infratemporal Region, V3

Week 5
Feb. 10 (Oyedele)
Feb. 12 (Oyedele)

Week 7
Feb. 26 (Oyedele)

Pterygopalatine fossa (No Dissection)

Anterior Triangle, Strap Muscles, Ansa Cervicalis,
Hyoid Bone, Carotid Artery and Internal Jugular Vein,
X, XII and Submandibular region.
Reflect Head for Pharynx, IX, Sympathetic Chain and
Larynx.
Bisect Head (Not Tongue) for Palatal Muscles and
Nerves

Check List Week 1 (Lecture: Scalp, Cranial Cavity, Meninges, Dural Sinses)
Scalp - Skin, connective tissue, aponeurosis, loose connective tissue, periosteum
Cranial meninges
Dura Mater
Meningeal/Periosteal Components
Falx Cerebri
Tentorium Cerebelli
Arachnoid Mater
Subarchnoid Space/Cerebrospinal Fluid
Pia Mater
Dural Sinuses
Superior Sagittal
Arachnoid Granulations - resorption of CSF
Inferior Sagittal
Straight (Great Cerebral Vein)
Confluence of Sinuses
Transverse
Sigmoid
Cavernous
Vertebrae:
Atlas
Anterior/Posterior Arches
Axis
Dens
Body
Spinous Process
Foramen Transversarium

Check List Week 2 - (Lecture: Cranial Cavity, Circulation, Foramina, Cavernous

Sinus)
Vascular pathways in/out of skull
Veins
Internal jugular vein (Jugular Foramen)
Connections between the ophthalmic and facial vein - spread of infection
Connections between the cavernous sinus and maxillary veins (venous
plexus) in infratemporal fossa - spread of infection
Arteries
Internal carotid - carotid canal and superior to foramen lacerum
Vertebral - foramen magnum
Middle meningeal - foramen spinosum
Blood Supply to Brain
Arterial Circle (Circle of Willis)
Internal Carotid Artery
Ophthalmic Artery
Vertebral Artery
Basilar Artery
Cranial Nerves and Foramina or Fissures
I Olfactory: (cribiform plate)
II Optic: (optic canal)
III Oculomotor: (superior orbital fissure)
IV Trochlear: (superior orbital fissure)
V Trigeminal:
V1: (superior orbital fissure)
V2: (foramen rotundum)
V3: (foramen ovale)
VI Abducent: (superior orbital fissure)
VII Facial: (internal auditory meatus, facial canal, stylomastoid foamen)
VIII Vestibulocochlear: (internal auditory meatus)
IX Glossopharyngeal: (jugular foramen)
X Vagus: (jugular foramen)
XI Accessory nerve: (jugular foramen)
XII Hypoglossal: (hypoglossal canal)
Cranial fossae
Anterior cranial fossa
Cribriform Plate - Olfactory nerve
Middle cranial fossa
Optic Canal
Superior Orbital Fissure
Foramen Lacerum
Foramen Ovale
Foramen Spinosum
Groove for Middle Meningeal Vessels
Posterior cranial fossa
Internal Acoustic Meatus
Hypoglossal Canal
Jugular Foramen
Foramen Magnum
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Check List for Week 3 (Lecture: Orbit)

Contents of Orbit
Muscles
Extrinsic Ocular Muscles:
Superior/Inferior Oblique
Superior/Inferior Rectus
Medial/Lateral Rectus
Levator Palpebrae Superioris
Nerves
Optic II
Branches of Ophthalmic Nerve (V1)
Lacrimal
Frontal
Supratrochlear
Supraorbital
Nasociliary
Infratrochlear Nerve
Long Ciliary Nerves
Posterior and Anterior Ethmoidal Nerves
(Ganglionic Branches to Ciliary Ganglion)
Oculomotor (III)
Superior Division
Branches to Superior Rectus/Levator Palpebrae Superioris
Inferior Division
Branch to Medial Rectus
Branch to Inferior Rectus
Branch to Inferior Oblique
(Parasympathetic Root to Ciliary Ganglion)
(Ciliary Ganglion)
Trochlear (IV)
Abducent (VI)
Vessels
Ophthalmic Artery
Ophthalmic Veins
Glands of Orbit/Eyelids
Lacrimal
Drainage to Inferior Meatus of Nose via
Lacrimal punctum/Lacrimal papilla
Canaliculi
Lacrimal Sac
Nasolacrimal Duct

Check List for Week 4 (Lecture: Infratemporal fossa)

Trigeminal V
Relationship to Temporal Bone
Cavum Trigeminale
Trigeminal Ganglion
Mandibular Division (V )
Foramen Ovale
Relation to Otic Ganglion
Posterior Division
Roots of Auriculotemporal Nerve
Distribution to Parotid Gland (Secretomotor, IX)
Inferior Alveolar Nerve
Lingual Nerve
Junction of Chorda Tympani (VII)
Distribution with Lingual (Taste)
Anterior Division
Buccal Nerve
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Glossopharyngeal IX
(Lesser Petrosal-Relation to Foramen Ovale)
Otic Ganglion
Distribution with Auriculotemporal Nerve to Parotid Gland
Muscles of Mastication (V ):
Masseter
Temporalis
Lateral Pterygoid
Medial Pterygoid
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Other Muscles:
Anterior Belly Digastric
Mylohyoid)
Temporomandibular Joint
Mandibular Fossa/Articular Tubercle
Head of Mandible
Articular Disc
Tendon of Lateral Pterygoid Muscle
Sphenomandibular ligament

Check List for Week 5 (Lectures: Pterygopalatine fossa; Anterior Triangle)

You should be aware of the material in italics, but are not responsible for identifying
them in dissection.
Bone (foramena and fissures) related to Pterygopalatine fossa
Pterygomaxillary fissure (between maxillary and sphenoid bones)
Palatine canal (formed by maxillary, palatine and sphenoid bones)
Sphenopalatine foramen (formed by palatine and sphenoid bones)
Foramen rotundum (of sphenoid bone)
Pterygoid canal (of sphenoid bone)
Pharyngeal canal (of sphenoid bone)
Inferior orbital fissure (of maxillary bone)
Maxillary Nerve (V )
Zygomatic Nerve
(Branch to Lacrimal Nerve (carries Secretomotor from VII))
Posterior/Superior Alveolar Nerve
Infraorbital nerve
Branches through Pterygopalatine Ganglion
Palatine (carries Secretomotor from VII)
Greater Palatine/Foramina/On Hard Palate
Lesser Palatine/Foramina/On Soft Palate
Nasopalatine (carries Secretomotor from VII)
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Secretomotor (parasympathetic) branches of facial nerve (VII)

Greater petrosal nerve
Nerve of pterygoid canal (greater petrosal nerve with post-ganglionic sympathetic fibers
from the superior cervical ganglion of sympathetic trunk)
Compartments and spaces of Anterior Triangle
Vertebral compartment
Vascular compartment (carotid sheath)
Visceral compartment
Retropharyngeal space
Hyoid bone and its associated muscles
Suprahyoid
Digastric
Anterior/Posterior Bellies
Stylohyoid
Mylohyoid
Geniohyoid
Infrahyoid
Strap Muscles - named according to attachments (sternohyoid, sternothyroid,
thyrohyoid, omohyoid).
Arteries
Common Carotid
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External Carotid Origin at C3,4/Superior Horn of Thyroid Cartilage

Superior Thyroid
Lingual
Facial
Occipital
Maxillary
Superficial Temporal
Internal Carotid
Veins
Internal Jugular
External Jugular
Nerves
Roots of Brachial Plexus
Superior Root of Ansa Cervicalas C1
Inferior Root of Ansa Cervicalis (C2-3)
Punctum nervosum
Phrenic Nerve
Hypoglossal Nerve (XII)
Superior laryngeal nerve
Glands
Thyroid Gland (and Parathyroid Glands)
Salivary Glands
Submandibular
(Drainage to Sublingual Papilla)
Sublingual
(Drainage to Sublingual Fold)
Submandibular Ganglion - Secretomotor
Lymph nodes
Submandibular
Jugulo-digastric nodes
Jugulo-omohyoid nodes

Check List Week 7 (Lectures: Pharynx, Palate, Oral Cavity)

Muscles of Pharynx
Circular Muscles (constructors as a group)
Longitudinal Muscles
Stylopharyngeus
Palatopharyngeus
Salpingopharyngeus
Muscle of Soft Palate
Levator Veli Palatini (X)
Tensor Veli Palatini (V3)
Palatoglossus
Palatopharyngeus
Tonsils
Palatine
Pharyngeal
Lingual
Tubal
Muscle of Tongue
Extrinsic Muscles
Genioglossus
Styloglossus
Hyoglossus
Intrinsic Muscles
Lingual vein
Nerves
V2 (sensory from nasopharynx)
IX (sensory from oropharynx)
X (sensory from laryngopharynx and motor control of laryngeal and pharyngeal muscles
except tensor veli palatini muscle)
Larynx
Epiglottis
Ary-epiglottic muscle
Quadrangular membrane
Vestibular folds
Laryngeal ventricle
Cricothyroid ligament
Vocal folds

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