Professional Documents
Culture Documents
I hold these truths to be self evident, that all men are created equal, that they
are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are
Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.—That to secure these rights Governments
are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from my consent as one of the
governed.—That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these
ends, it is my right to alter or ignore it, and to create new forms of Government with
other like minded citizens, laying foundations on such principles and organizing
powers, that seem to me most likely to affect my Safety and Happiness. Prudence,
indeed will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light
and transient causes, and accordingly general experience has shown me that I am
more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable than to right them by abolishing
the forms to which I am accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and
usurpations, pursuing invariably the same Object evinces a design to subject me to
absolute Despotism, it is my right, it is my duty, to throw off such Government, and
to be on guard for my future security.—Such has been the patient sufferance of my
People, and such is now the necessity which impels me to alter our former Systems of
Government. The history of our present leader is a history of repeated injuries and
usurpations, all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute Tyranny over
me and my people. To prove this, let the facts be submitted candidly to the world, and
let others attest to this on their own.
He has refused to pass other laws for accommodating large districts of people,
unless those people relinquish their rights of Representation in the Legislature, which
are of priceless value to them and only of formidable value to tyrants.
He has curtailed the civil rights of our population, obstructing for that purpose
naturalization laws for foreigners, refusing to encourage migration, and creating
conditions for Appropriations and Expropriations of property.
He has made Judges dependent on his Party or Will alone for the tenure of their
offices, and the amount and payment of their salaries.
He has created a party of officials, and sent forth swarms of these party
members to harass our people and tax our sustenance.
He has created a single party system, without the consent of the People.
He has kept among us, without our consent, Standing Armies in times of peace.
–To protect those troops by mock trial from punishment for any murders
which they might commit on our inhabitants.
–To cut off our trade with other partners of the world.
–To deprive people in many cases of the benefit of a fair trial by jury.
–To take away our charters, abolish our most valuable laws, and
fundamentally alter the Forms of our Governments.
–To suspend or paralyze our legislatures, and usurp the power to
legislate for us all.
He has plundered seas, ravaged coasts, burnt towns, and destroyed human
lives.
He has forced fellow citizens taken captive overseas to turn against their own
country, to bear arms and become executioners of their friends and Brethren, or fall
victims themselves by their hands.
I have not neglected to call this to the attention of our political adversaries. We
have warned them of their attempts to extend an unwarranted jurisdiction over us. We
have also reminded them of the historical circumstances which led to our settlement
here. We have appealed to their sense of justice and magnanimity, of our common
ties, and urged them to cease these usurpations that would inevitably interrupt our
connections and correspondence. So I must, we all must, as common citizens, accept
the necessity of our Separation, and consider them as Outsiders, Enemies in War,—in
Peace as Friends.
This adaptation of The Declaration of Independence may be freely shared and distributed for
non-commercial purposes. Adapted by Michael McCurley, posted in Costa Rica, February, 2010.