Reference

Calculation

Output

Design of Foundations
A mat foundation was designed as the foundation for this structure.
First of all general arrangement drawings for all floors were prepared for
architectural drawings. Then column positions were determined and
service loads for columns were calculated.
Finding geometric center:
After preparing the outline drawings of the foundation, geometric centre
for the foundation was found. Geometric center for foundation is
marked in figure 5-1.
Geometric center

x = 15.570
y = 12.336

Finding load center:

To find the load center of the building, service loads for each column was
calculated. Transfering moments to the foundations was eleminated
by having a pin joint for frames at foundation level. Hence for design
of foundations, only the axial loads of columns were used.
Specimen claculation for calculating axial force of column
Column K6:
Effective area
Self weight of slab
Finishes
Total slab load per floor
Self weight of beams
Self weight of walls
Self weight of column
Total column dead load per floor
Total dead load for nine floors

Project- Dahampaya
DESIGN UNIT
D
E

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

5.3x2
= 10.6m2
0.15*24
3.6kN/m2
1.0kN/m2
4.6kN/m2
4.6*10.6
49kN
(0.3*0.4*24*7.3)
21kN
5.2*2.95*5.3
81.3kN
0.5*0.5*24*2.95

17.7kN
49+21+81.3+17.7
169kN
169*9
1521kN

Feature
Designed

gk = 1521kN

Design of Foundation
Date

Reference
D
E
C

Calculation

Output

EPC DIVISION

Checked

CENTRAL ENGINEERING CONSULTANCY BUREAU (CECB)

Job Code

Imposed load per floor

Total column imposed load per floor
Total imposed load for nine floors

=
=
=
=
=

Date
D-676

37.1 kN/m2

37.1*9
334kN

To get the wind effect to the building, wind forces for each frame were
also calculated. Two static wind cases, called wind1 and wind 2 were
considered for wind from front and rear direction of the building.
( Specimen calculations for wind analysis are shown under the Chapter 4
of frame analysis section.)
Building was modeled in "Etab" software to get the service axial forces
and column reactions. Following load cases were considered.
Dead+ Live
Dead+ Wind1
Dead+ Wind2
Dead+Live+ Wind1
Dead+ Live+Wind2

For find the load center of the building, column reactions from service
loads were considered.
By considering above load cases, it could be clearly stated that,
cases 2 and 3 would not be critical compare with cases.Hence load
center was found for the load case 1, 4 and 5.
Calculations for finding load center are tabulated in Table 5-1
x

= F.x
x

01 of 10

3.5kN/m2
3.5*10.6

Simillary axial forces for other columns were also calculated.

Load 1).
Load 2).
Load 3).
Load 4).
Load 5).

Page

= F.y
y

Load center for Dead+ Live

x=
13.77
y=
13.5
Load center for Dead+ Live+Wind1
x = 13.72
y = 13.35
Load center for Dead+ Live+Wind2
x = 13.79
y = 13.65
Load centers and geometric center are located in figure 5-1
It was observed that, geometric center and load center were not coincide.
As the load center of the building cannot be changed, geometric center
was tried to change by extending the raft foundation area.

qk = 334kN

Reference

Calculation

Output

Project- Dahampaya
D
E
C

Feature

Design of Foundation

DESIGN UNIT

Designed

Date

EPC DIVISION

Checked

Date

CENTRAL ENGINEERING CONSULTANCY BUREAU (CECB)

Job Code

D-676

Extending the foundation was not possile in some areas as the limited
space of the site.
Location of new geometric center after introducing cantilever parts to the
foundation is shown in the figure 5-2. Difference between the
geo-metric center and load center was still observed.
Calculation of stress variation below raft foundation:
For "Dead+ Live" condition:
Geometric center

= ( 15.421 , 12.696 )

Load center for "Dead+Live"

= ( 13.770 , 13.500)

Ecentricity in "X" direction

= 15.421 - 13.770
=
1.651

Ecentricity in "Y" direction

= 12.696-13.50
= (-0.804)

Pressure under foundation

= F
A

Mxx = F . ex
= 68168*1.651

M
Z
Myy = F . ey
= 68168*0.804

= 1.12x105kNm

= 0.55x105 kNm

Z = I/Y
Ixx

= 4x1016

Iyy

= 6x1016

Neutral axis lies through the centroid of the building.

x = 31.350-15.421
=
15.929
Zxx

= Ixx/x
= 4x1016
15929
= 2.51x1012 mm3

y = 25.250-12.696
=
12.554
Zyy

= Iyy/y
= 6x1016
12554
= 4.78x1012 mm3

Page

02 of 10

Reference

Calculation

Project- Dahampaya
D
E
C

Output

Feature

Design of Foundation

DESIGN UNIT

Designed

Date

EPC DIVISION

Checked

Date

CENTRAL ENGINEERING CONSULTANCY BUREAU (CECB)

Job Code

D-676

Bending about X axis

Bending aboutYaxis

= F
+ M
A
Z
=
68168
+ 1.12x105
7.5 x102
2.51x103
=
90.9 + 44.6
=
135.5
< 150 kN/m2
( Allowable bearing
capacity of soil)
= F
+ M
A
Z
=
68168
+ 0.55x105
7.5 x102
4.78x103
=
90.9 + 11.5
=
102.5
< 150 kN/m2
( Allowable bearing
capacity of soil)

For "Dead+Live+Wind1" condition:

Geometric center

= ( 15.421 , 12.696 )

Load center for "W1"

= ( 13.720 , 13.350 )

Ecentricity in "X" direction

= 15.421 - 13.720
=
1.701

Ecentricity in "Y" direction

= 12.696-13.350
= (-0.654)

Pressure under foundation

= F
A
Mxx = F . ex
= 67894*1.701
= 1.15x105kNm
Zxx
Zyy

=
=

M
Z
Myy = F . ey
= 67894*0.654
= 0.44x105 kNm

2.51x1012 mm3
4.78x1012 mm3

Page

03 of 10

Reference

Calculation

Output

Project- Dahampaya
D
E
C

Feature

Design of Foundation

DESIGN UNIT

Designed

Date

EPC DIVISION

Checked

Date

CENTRAL ENGINEERING CONSULTANCY BUREAU (CECB)

Job Code

D-676

Bending about X axis

= F
+ M
A
Z
=
67894
+ 1.15x105
7.5 x102
2.51x103
=
90.5 + 45.8
=

137

< 150 kN/m2

( Allowable bearing
capacity of soil)

Bending aboutYaxis

= F
+ M
A
Z
=
67894
+ 0.44x105
7.5 x102
4.78x103
=
90.5 + 9.2
=
99.7
< 150 kN/m2
( Allowable bearing
capacity of soil)

For "Dead+Live+Wind2" condition:

Geometric center

= ( 15.421 , 12.696 )

Load center for "W2"

= ( 13.790 , 13.650 )

Ecentricity in "X" direction

= 15.421 - 13.790
=
1.631

Ecentricity in "Y" direction

= 12.696-13.650
= (-0.954)

Pressure under foundation

= F
A

Mxx = F . ex
= 68675*1.631
= 1.12x105kNm

Zxx
Zyy

=
=

2.51x1012 mm3
4.78x1012 mm3

M
Z
Myy = F . ey
= 68675*0.954
= 0.66x105 kNm

Page

04 of 10

Reference

Calculation

Project- Dahampaya
D
E
C

Output

Feature

Design of Foundation

DESIGN UNIT

Designed

Date

EPC DIVISION

Checked

Date

CENTRAL ENGINEERING CONSULTANCY BUREAU (CECB)

Job Code

D-676

Bending about X axis

= F
+ M
A
Z
=
68675
+ 1.12x105
7.5 x102
2.51x103
=
91.6 +
44.6
=
136.2
< 150 kN/m2
( Allowable bearing
Bending aboutYaxis
capacity of soil)

= F
+ M
A
Z
=
68675
+ 0.66x105
7.5 x102
4.78x103
=
91.6 +
13.8
=
105.4
< 150 kN/m2
( Allowable bearing
capacity of soil)
It could be observed that, the total stress under the foundation due to axial
and moment loading effect is always less than bearing capacity of soil.
Further calculations show that no negative pressure will develop under
the loading conditions.
Hence raft foundation could be designed for allowable bearing capacity
of soil.
Design of Foundations:
Analysis of raft foundation was done by using "Etab" software.
Finite element method was used to determine the bending moments
and shear forces of raft slab.
Raft slab was designed as slabs with shell elements. Axial loads of
columns were given as point loads to the foundation. Perimeter basement
walls were also modeled as structural wall element around the foundation.
Cantilever parts of the foundation were also modeled as shell elements as
it reduces the bending moments of the foundation. Subgrade coefficient
of soil was calculated and reprenseted soil stiffiness by area springs.
Sub grade reaction of soil (ks):
Allowable bearing capacity of soil is 150kN/m2 and allowable deflection
is 75mm according to the soil investigations.

Page

05 of 10

Reference

ks

Calculation
= qult

= qa x S.F.

= 150x3
0.075
= 6000kN/m3

Output

Project- Dahampaya
D
E
C

Feature

Design of Foundation

DESIGN UNIT

Designed

Date

EPC DIVISION

Checked

Date

CENTRAL ENGINEERING CONSULTANCY BUREAU (CECB)

Job Code

D-676

The analysis input data and out put data are attached here with.
Design of foundation:
Design for moments:
Specimen calculation for sagging moments:
Consider column strip "4":
Maximum moment at column strip "4" at grid "H":
BS 8110
Cl. 3.4.4.4

M
2
bd .fcu

= 900kNm

900x106
bd2.fcu

b = 1000 mm
d = 800-45-25-25/2
= 717mm
fcu = 30 N/mm2
k = 900x106
(1000) (717)2 .30

0.058 <

Hence section could be designed as singly reinforced.

z = d (0.5 +

(0.25- k/0.9)1/2)

= d (0.5 +

(0.25- 0.058/0.9)1/2)

= 0.93d

< 0.95d

z = 0.93d
= 0.93x 717mm
= 667mm
As

M
0.87fy.z

0.156 (k')

Page

06 of 10

Reference

Calculation

Output

= 900x10
0.87x460x667
6

= 3372 mm2
Provide T20 and T16 bundle @ 150mm spacing. (As= 3434mm2)

Project- Dahampaya
D
E
C

Feature

Sagging r/f
at grid "4"
T20+T16 @
150mm spacing

Design of Foundation

DESIGN UNIT

Designed

Date

EPC DIVISION

Checked

Date

CENTRAL ENGINEERING CONSULTANCY BUREAU (CECB)

Job Code

D-676

Page

07 of 10

Specimen calculation for hogging moments:

Consider middle strip between "2 & 3":

BS 8110
Cl. 3.4.4.4

Maximum moment at middle strip between "2 & 3" (at mid of D & E)
= 825kNm
k
=
M
= 825x106
2
bd .fcu
bd2.fcu
b = 1000 mm
d = 800-45-25-25/2
= 717mm
fcu = 30 N/mm2
k = 825x106
(1000) (717)2 .30

0.053 <

0.156 (k')

Hence section could be designed as singly reinforced.

z = d (0.5 +

(0.25- k/0.9)1/2)

= d (0.5 +

(0.25- 0.053/0.9)1/2)

= 0.94d

< 0.95d

z = 0.94d
= 0.94x 717mm
= 674mm
As

M
0.87fy.z

= 825x106
0.87x460x674
Hogging r/f

Reference

Calculation
= 3058 mm

Provide T20 and T16 bundle @ 150mm spacing. (As= 3434mm2)

Project- Dahampaya
D
E
C

Feature

Output
at middle "2 - 4"
T20+T16 @
150mm spacing

Design of Foundation

DESIGN UNIT

Designed

Date

EPC DIVISION

Checked

Date

CENTRAL ENGINEERING CONSULTANCY BUREAU (CECB)

Job Code

Design for shear:

Specimen calculation at column "H4":
BS 8110
Cl. 3.7.7.2

vmax

= V
U0 d

( Shear under concentrated loads)

Maximum shear force at column "H4"

vmax

= 1375kN

= 1375 x103
U0 d

Shear force around perimeter of column

U0

= 4*500mm
= 2000mm

(Columns are 500x500mm)

= 800-45-25/2

= 742mm

vmax

= 1375 x103
2000x742
= 0.93 kN/m2

100As
bd
Table 3.9

vc

= 100x3434
(1000x742)
= 0.5 N/mm2

vmax
vc +0.4
>
Hence shear r/f is required.
Cl. 3.7.7.5

Asv sin > (v-vc)ud

0.87.fyv

0.46

D-676

Page

08 of 10

Reference

Calculation

=90
Asv

Output

> 0.43x2000x742
0.87x460
> 1595mm2

Provide shear
links
T12 @150mm

(Provide T12 @ 150mm spacing evenly around the column perimeter)

Shear force around 1.5d perimeter:
U0

= 4*1.5*742mm
= 4450mm

Project- Dahampaya
D
E
C

Feature

Design of Foundation

DESIGN UNIT

Designed

Date

EPC DIVISION

Checked

Date

CENTRAL ENGINEERING CONSULTANCY BUREAU (CECB)

Job Code

(vmax) 1.5m

D-676

= 1375 x103
4450x742

= 0.416 kN/m2
< vc
Hence no shear r/f required after 1.5d perimeter.
The moments and shear forces obatined from the analysis are tabulated
as in Table 5-2, 5-3.
The calculated reinforcement area are tabulated in Table 5-4 and 5-5.

Page

09 of 10

Reference

Calculation

Project- Dahampaya
D
E
C

Output

Feature

DESIGN UNIT

Designed

Date

EPC DIVISION

Checked

Date

CENTRAL ENGINEERING CONSULTANCY BUREAU (CECB)

Job Code

D-676

Page

10 of 10

Reference

Project
D
E
C

Calculation

Feature
DESIGN UNIT
Designed
EPC DIVISION
Checked
CENTRAL ENGINEERING CONSULTANCY BUREAU (CECBJob Code

Output

Date
Date
Page

of

150mm spacing

at middle "2 - 4"

150mm spacing

Reference

Project
D
E
C

DESIGN UNIT

Calculation

Outputs

Feature
Designed

Date

D
E
C

EPC DIVISION
CENTRAL ENGINEERING CONSULTANCY BUREAU (CECB)

Checked
Job Code

Date
Page

of