STRUCTURE ANALYSIS PROGRAM

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

PREPARED BY
ENG / :DOHHG6DODK

BY ENG / Waleed Salah

SAP 2000

SAP 2000

.
SAP 2000

.

BY ENG / Waleed Salah

SAP 2000
1- TYPE OF ELEMENT

a- Joint Element :

Joint are the point of connection between the element

Function of the joint
Connection of the element
Supporting of the structure

b- Frame Element :

Frame element are using to define ( column , beams , truss member ,

..etc )

c- Shell Element

Shell element are using to define ( all type of slabs , raft , shear walls
, deep beams ..etc )
2- Local and Global Axes

a- Global axes
There is two type of global axes

z
Y

X
Cartesian axes

Clyndrical axes

BY ENG / Waleed Salah

SAP 2000

b- Local axes
o Joint local axes
Local axes of joint is the same of global axes

z
2

X
Joint local axes

Cartesian axes

o Frame local axes

3
2
1

Local 1 = direction of the frame length

Local 2 = perpendicular of local 1 in the plane
Local 3 = perpendicular of local 1 out the plane

BY ENG / Waleed Salah

SAP 2000

o Shell local axes

3
2
1

BY ENG / Waleed Salah

SAP 2000

INTRODUCTION OF THE PROGRAM

TITLE BAR

WORK PAPER

MENU BAR

ORDER BUTTON

DIMENTION MENU

BY ENG / Waleed Salah

SAP 2000

VEIW ORDER

SHORT CUT BUTTON FOR VEIW ORDER

BY ENG / Waleed Salah

SAP 2000

ZOOM WINDOW
FULL WINDOW

ZOOM PREVOUIS
ZOOM IN

ZOOM OUT
3D VEIW

YZ VEIW
XY VEIW

XZ VEIW

PAN

MOVE UP AND DOWN IN PLAN VIEW

8

SAP 2000

BY ENG / Waleed Salah

EXAMPLE NO.1

BY ENG / Waleed Salah

SAP 2000

5 t /m

10 t

BEAM SEC

SAP MODEL STEPS

1- GEOMETRY INPUT ( EDIT GRID , DRAW FRAME
ELEMENT , DRAW SHELL ELEMENT , INPUT
JOINT RESTRAIN )
2- DEFINE OF ( material , load cases , frame section , shell
section , combination of load )
3- Assignment ( Frame section , shell section )
4- INPUT LOADS ( Joint loads , Frame loads , Shell loads ,
Temperature if found , settlement if found )
5- Set option of building
6- Run
7- Show result

10

SAP 2000

BY ENG / Waleed Salah

Solution of model
1- file menu ------ new model

Select
template
as Blank

change unit to ton , m , c

Select template as Blank

11

SAP 2000

BY ENG / Waleed Salah

Right click on work paper ---- select edit grid

for beam and frame and truss work in XZ plan

for all type of slabs work in XY plan
position of grid in X DIR at ( 0 , 5 , 7 )
edit 2 grid in Z DIR at ( 0 , 4 ) to show line of grid

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SAP 2000

BY ENG / Waleed Salah

Select modify show system

13

SAP 2000

BY ENG / Waleed Salah

if grid color white click reset default color

from draw menu ----- draw frame element or Quick draw

frame element

14

BY ENG / Waleed Salah

SAP 2000

Joint 1

FRAME 1

Joint 2

FRAME 2

Joint 3
15

SAP 2000

BY ENG / Waleed Salah

To input Joint Restrain

Select joint 1 and 2
Assignment --- joint ----- Restrain

each point have 6 degree of freedom ( 3 rotation + 3

translation )
use fast restrain for famous restrain type
for this example select
To define frame section
o Define menu --- frame section

16

SAP 2000

BY ENG / Waleed Salah

There is more thane one frame section have been define

as sap default
We can delete this section by click delete property button

select add rectangular

click add new property

17

SAP 2000

BY ENG / Waleed Salah

Change sec name to 70x30

Change dimension depth = 0.7 & width = 0.3

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SAP 2000

BY ENG / Waleed Salah

press OK
To assignment Frame section
Select frame No.1 & No.2
From assign menu --- frame --- frame section

select 70x30 and press OK

Frame 1 & 2 will be shown as 70x30

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SAP 2000

BY ENG / Waleed Salah

INPUT LOADS
a- Frame load
o Select frame No.1
o From assign menu ---- frame load --- Distributed

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SAP 2000

BY ENG / Waleed Salah

input uniform load value = 5 in gravity dir or -5 in Z Dir

press OK

b- joint load
Select joint No.3
From assign menu ---- joint load --- force

insert force global Z = 10

press OK

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SAP 2000

BY ENG / Waleed Salah

Model Option
o From analyze menu ---- set analysis option

analysis option order define the degree of freedom for

the structure as one unit for different type of structure
the option is :
o SPACE FRAME ( use for 3D structure building &
tanks .. )
o XZ PLANE ( use for beams & plan frames & plane
truss )
o XY PLAN ( use for all type of slab & raft )
o SPACE TRUSS ( for 3D truss & electric tower )
for this example select xz plane
press OK

22

SAP 2000

BY ENG / Waleed Salah

From analyze menu ---- run

press on run now

if you dont save before sap will ask you to save file
if your model is stable analysis will be complete
if your model is unstable analysis will be uncompleted
if happen you must check your model for the error

23

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

Show result

a- displacement result
a. from display menu ---- show deformed shape

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

b- Shear result
a. from display menu ---- stresses ---- frames

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

c- B.M.D result
a. from display menu ---- stresses ---- frames

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

To increase scale of view ----- inter frame stresses ---- select scale
value more than the auto value

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

EXAMPLE NO . 2

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

L .L

D.L = 3 t/m

1- File menu --- new model --- Blanks

2- Right click --- edit grid
3- Grid at ( X = 0 , 8 , 18 , 21 )

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

4- From draw menu ---- draw frame element

joint 2

joint 1
Frame 1

joint 3
Frame 2

5- Select JOINT 1 , 2 , 3
6- From Assign menu ---- joint ---- joint restrain ---- hing
7- Define menu ---- material

8- Select conc --- Modify

Frame 3

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

9- insert weight pe unit volume = 2.5
10- other values in table dont need now in this example
11- Define menu --- frame section
For SEC 1-1
Add Rec ---- Add new prpoerty

And so on for sec 2 2 & sec 3 3

For variable Sec
From define sec --- add Nonpresmatic

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

INPUT LOADS
1- Select frame 1
2- Assign frame menu ---- frame load --- uniform load

press add
press OK

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

12- define load cases
Define menu --- load cases

13- Define load combination

Define menu ---- combination ---- add new combo

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

14- Assign frame sectiom

Select frame 1 & 2

From assign menu ---- frame ---- section
Select 80 X 30
Select frame 3
From assign menu ---- frame ---- section
Select VAR1

FOR D . L
Select frame ID 1, 2 , 3
From Assign menu --- frame load ---- distributed

Inter uniform load valu = 3

15- INPUT LOADS

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

16- INPUT LIVE LOAD

Frame ID 1
Select Frame ID 1
To input triangle load
From Assign menu ---- frame load ---- disributed

To input concentrated moment = 10 t.m at mid span

Select frame ID 1
From assign menu ---- frame load --- point
Type of load --- moment
Direction of load --- Y DIR ( using right hand law )
Use add to existing load option

At relative distance = 0.5 ----- value = + 10

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

To show load on drawing show 3D VIEW

Frame ID 2
Select frame ID 2
From assign menu --- frame load --- disributed

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

To input distributed moment on frame 2

Select frame 2

For frame 3
To input triangular distributed load
Select Frame ID 3
From Assign menu ---- frame load ---- disributed

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

To input concentrated load = 10 t.m at mid span

Select frame ID 3
From assign menu ---- frame load --- point

17- SET STRUCTURE OPTION

FROM ANALYZE MENU

Set analysis option

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

18- RUN

From analyze menu ---- run

Press run now

19- SHOW RESULT

From display menu ---- show frame stresses

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

You that the ULT COMB

You can see the result for DL only or LL only or for ULT combination

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

EXAMPLE NO . 3

1 t/m

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

1- File menu --- new model --- Blanks

2- Right click --- edit grid
3- Grid at ----- ( X = 0 , 2.5 , 7.5 , 12.5 ) & ( Z = 0 , 1 , 4 , 7 , 10 )

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

4- From draw menu ---- draw frame element

Frame 3

Frame 4

Frame 2
Frame 1

Frame 5

Frame 2

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

5- Define menu --- frame section

Add Rec ---- Add new prpoerty

6- ASSIGN FRAME SEC

SELECT ALL SEC

From assign menu ---- frame ---- section ---- select sec 100X 30

7- ASSIGN JOINT RESTRAIN

a. Select left joint ---- assign as hing
b. Select right joint assign as fixed

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

8- INPUT LIVE LOAD

Frame ID 1
Select Frame ID 1
From Assign menu ---- frame load ---- point
At absolute distance = 0 load = 10 t

Frame ID 3
Select Frame ID 3
For inclined load = 5 t
From Assign menu ---- frame load ---- distributed

For horizontal projection load

From Assign menu ---- frame load ---- distributed

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

For concentrated inclined load

From Assign menu ---- frame load ---- point
Use local axes dir 2 at relative distance =
Load value = -10 t

For distributed load on frame element 4

Select frame 4
From Assign menu ---- frame load ---- distributed
Direction local 2

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

Horizontal force on frame 5

Direction of load in X dir

9- ASSIGN FRAME RELEASE ( INTERMEDIAT JOINT )

Select frame ID 2
From assign menu ----- frame --- release
Release at end only

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

Select frame ID 3
From assign menu ----- frame --- release
Release at start and end only
Select frame ID 4
From assign menu ----- frame --- release
Release at start and end only
Select frame ID 5
From assign menu ----- frame --- release
Release at start only

10- SET ANALYSIS OPTION

From analyze menu ---- set XZ plan option
Then RUN

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

EXAMPLE NO . 4

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

12345-

File menu --- new model --- Blanks

Right click --- edit grid
Grid at ( X = 0 , 5 , 10 , 15 , 20 , 25 , 30 )
Grid at (Z = 0 , 5 , 9 , 13 , 17 )
From draw menu ---- draw frame element

6- Select all frame ---- From Edit menu ---- devide frame --- select
break at intersection with selected frame and joint

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

7- The frame will be devide and there is joint at intersection

8- We can delete the upper frames

9- Draw inclind frames

10- And select joint to assign hing

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

11- Define menu --- frame section

Define menu --- frame section

Add Double angle ---- Add new prpoerty

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

Add wide flange ---- Add new prpoerty

12- ASSIGN FRAME SEC

Select truss and assign sec as 2L

Select col sec and Assign sec as I beam

13- ASSIGN JOINT LOAD

SELECT JIONTS ---- assign menu --- joint load ---insert valu of loads

14- ASSIGN FRAME RELEASE ( INTERMEDIAT JOINT )

Select truss element
From assign menu ----- frame --- release
Release at start and end

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

15- SET ANALYSIS OPTION

From analyze menu ---- set XZ plan option
Then RUN

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

16- From display menu ----- show forces ---- frame --- axial force

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

EXAMPLE NO . 5

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

INTRODUCTION
In this part we will start to talk about shell element . in this example we learn how to
draw shell and define shell section and assign shell section and to assign shell load

B 30 x 70

B 30 x 70

B 30 x 70

B 30 x 70

12345-

File menu --- new model --- Blanks

Right click --- edit grid
Grid at ( X = 0 , 5)
Grid at (Y = 0 , 5 )
From draw menu ---- draw frame element

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

6- TO DRAW AREA ELEMENT

there is three method to draw shell element
i. from draw menu ---- draw poly area ( use four point
click to draw area )
ii. from draw menu ---- draw rectangular area ( use two
opposite click to draw area )
iii. from draw menu ---- quick draw area ( use one point
click to draw area at mid between 4 grid )
7- define frame section as 30 x 70
8- define area section as 15 cm
a. from define menu ---- area section

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

b. select modify sec

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

9- Define load cases
a. From define menu ---- load cases

10- Define load combination

a. From define menu ---- combination
b. Add new combo

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

11- Assign area section
a. Select area
b. From assign menu ----- assign area section

c. Select sec 15
d. Press ok
12- Assign frame section
13- Insert load
a. Select area
b. From assign menu ---- area load --- uniform

c. Select area
d. From assign menu ---- area load --- uniform

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

14- Mesh area

The aim of area mesh is to solve the slab using finite element
method .
a. Select area
b. From Edit menu ----- mesh area ( mesh size 0.5 x 0.5 )
c. 5 x 5 ---- ( 10 x 10 )

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

15- Divide frame
a. Select frame around and select shell element with it
b. From edit menu ---- divide frame element ---- select
break at intersection with selected frame and joint

16- Set analysis option

a. From analyze menu
b. Set analysis option
c. Select XY option

17- RUN

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

18- Display result
a. From display menu ---- show forces ---- shell

b. M11 ----- moment in 1-1 direction or x dir or moment

about 2-2 or y dir
c. M22 ----- moment in 2-2 direction or y dir or moment
about 1-1 or x dir
d. Select moment 1-1

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

e. Color of contour ( each color have rang value )

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

EXAMPLE NO . 6

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

A

20

B (3 0 x 7 0 )

B (3 0 x 7 0 )

B (30x70)

B (3 0 x 1 2 0 )

25

2
B (30x70)

B (30x70)

B (3 0 x 7 0 )

B (30x120)

B (30x120)

B (30x70)

14

B (3 0 x 7 0 )

14

B (30x70)

B (30x70)

14

B (3 0 x 7 0 )

B (3 0 x 7 0 )

14

B (3 0 x 7 0 )

B (3 0 x 7 0 )

B (3 0 x 7 0 )

14

B (3 0 x 7 0 )

B (30x70)

14

B (3 0 x 1 2 0 )

B (30x70)

B (30x70)

B (3 0 x 7 0 )

B (30x70)

14

B (3 0 x 7 0 )

B (3 0 x 7 0 )

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

L.L = 250 KG / m2
F.L = 150 KG / m2

1234-

File menu --- new model --- Blanks

Right click --- edit grid
Grid at ( X = 0 , 0.5 , 2.5 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 11 , 13 , 16.5 , 17.5 )
Grid at (Y = 0 , 4 , 7 , 10 , 12.5 )

5- Draw frame elements at beam position

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

6- Draw shell element as one shell

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

7- Select shell ---- edit menu --- mesh shell ---- use mesh at grid
intersection

8- Select increased shell and delete it

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

9- Select point which at column position ---- assign menu ---- restrain
---- then assign joint as hing
10- Define shell section ( 14 , 20 , 25 )
11- Define frame section ( B30X70 , B30X120 )
12- Assign shell section
13- Assign frame section
14- Then select shells and mesh the shell in size 0.5 m X 0.5 m
shells
-1
shells -2
grids -3
1.5 -4

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

15- After mesh areas then devide frame
a. Select all frame element and shell beside ---- from edit menu
---- select divide frame
b. Select devide at selected frame and joint option

16- To draw the half circle

a. First we need to make a cylynder coordinate system to draw
the half circle area
b. At any position on screen ---- right click --- edit grid

c. Select add new system

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

d. No of grid in along radius ( radius = 2 m --- No of spacing =

4 then noumber of line = 5 )
e. No of line along theta depend on alc length in the end of
circle ( R x = arc length )
f. No grid spacing in Z direction
g. Select OK

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

h. Select locate system orgin

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

17- After draw grid we need to draw shell
a. To draw radial shell use draw menu --- draw quadtatic shell -- press in four point to draw shell

18- We can array the radial shell ( NO of array = 5 )

a. Select shells
b. Selecet cys1 grid system
c. From edit menu --- replicate

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

19- Define load cases

20- Define load combination

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

21- Insert load
a. Select area
b. From assign menu ---- area load --- uniform

c. Select area
d. From assign menu ---- area load --- uniform

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

22- Set analysis option
f. From analyze menu
g. Set analysis option
h. Select XY option

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

EXAMPLE NO . 7

FLAT SLAB

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

For example No.6 delete interior beam to have flat slab with thickness 22 cm
A

20

B (3 0 x 7 0 )

B (3 0 x 7 0 )

B (30x70)

B (30x70)

2
B (30x70)

B (30x70)

22

B (30x70)

B (30x70)

B (3 0 x 7 0 )

4
B (30x70)

B (30x70)

B (3 0 x 7 0 )

B (3 0 x 7 0 )

B (3 0 x 7 0 )

B (3 0 x 7 0 )

B (3 0 x 7 0 )

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

1234-

For the example 6 select the interior beams

Define new area section = 22 cm
Assign this section to all slabs
Run the example

In this example we learn how to use sap result to design the flat slab
1- From display menu ---- stresses ---- shell --- m11 or m22

Contour of moment m11

the rft of flat slab will be divide into ( main mesh and additional
reinforcement )
the concept of mesh is to carry 40% ~ 60% of maximum
moment
There is two maximum value of moment
i. Positive maximum value
ii. Negative maximum value
in this example

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

i. positive maximum value is = 5 m.t
ii. negative maximum value is = -10 m.t
For positive value ( bottom RFT use mesh to carry 2.5 m.t ) so
design section have 22 cm depth and applied moment 2.5
Assume ( mesh Y10 d.15 cm )
From display menu ---- stresses ---- shell --- m11 ( select
value more than 2.5 )

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

Contour of moment value more than 2.5 m.t the color area is to be covered by additional RFT

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

For negative value ( top RFT use mesh to carry 4 m.t ) so design section
have 22 cm depth and applied moment 4 m.t
From display menu ---- stresses ---- shell --- m11 ( select value more
than 2.5 )

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

Contour of moment value more than 2.5 m.t the color area is to be covered by additional RFT

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

EXAMPLE NO . 8

RAFT

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

C1
( 40X 40 )

C1
( 40X 40 )

C3
( 140X 60 )

C2
( 140X 40 )

C3
( 140X 60 )

C1
( 40X 40 )

C1
( 40X 40 )

C1
( 40X 40 )

C3
( 140X 60 )

C3
( 140X 60 )

C2
( 140 X 40 )

C2
( 140X 40 )
C3
( 140X 60 )

C2
( 140X 40 )

C2
( 140X 40 )

90

C3
( 140X 60 )

C4
( 100X 40 )

C5
( 100X 40 )

C5
( 100X 40 )

C4
( 100X 40 )

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

COLUMN
C1
C2
C3
C4
C5
1234-

SIZE ( cm )
40x40
140x40
140x60
100x40
100x40

Working load ( ton )

150
300
600
300
450

File menu --- new model --- Blanks

Right click --- edit grid
Grid at ( X = 0 , 0.5 , 1 , 3 , 5.5 , 7.5 , 12 , 14 , 18.5 , 19 )
Grid at (Y = 0 , 0.5 , 5.0 , 9 , 13 , 16.5 , 17 )

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

5- From draw menu ---- point ---- then draw point at column
position

6- From edit grid put agrid at 3 m in Z direction to draw a

column as frame elment with length = 3 m
7- In XZ view or YZ view you can draw frame element of
column

Draw frame element in XZ view

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

3D view for column frame elment after draw it

8- Define frame section

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

9- Assign frame section for column section
10- Then to show column section ---- from view menu ---- set
display option --- select extrude view

EXTRUDE VEIW

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

11- There is some column have wrong direction
12- To modify direction of frame element
a. Select column ---- assign menu ---- frame --- locale
axes
b. Select rotate by 90 degree

Frame element in correct direction after modify it

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

13- Assign load on column point
a. At Z level = 3m
b. Select each column point and from assign menu ----point load ---- input each load for column
14- Assign joint or area spring
To simulate use spring element , the spring is define by factor K
which name as spring stiffness
K ( spring stiffness ) is the force needed to move the spring by
the unit length .
a. If use joint spring
Joint spring = B.C ( kg/cm2 ) * 1000 * area carried by joint ( m2 )
i. Select joint ---- assign menu --- joint ---- spring
ii. For interior joint
K = 1.5 * 1000 * 0.5 * 0.5 = 375

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

iii. At translation 3 or local 3 or Z inter value
iv. For exterior joint
K = 1.5 * 1000 * 0.25 * 0.5 = 187
b. If use area spring
i. Select area shells
ii. From assign menu ----- area ---- area spring
area spring = B.C ( kg/cm2 ) * 1000

15161718-

Define area section = 0.9m

Set option as xy plan
RUN
Use result of raft to design as same idea of flat slab

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

SAP ORDERS

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

1- File menu

Import & export

To import or to another file type ( *.dxf or *.sk2 . Etc )
Print order
To print any view there is two steps
a- print setup graphics

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

You can write project name in title

And to write description of view in data
Color printer use if use color printer
To setup printer and page select setup button

After printer setup press ok

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

b- Print Graphic
Zoom at any view then select print graphic ---- the order will be
print by printer

2- Edit menu

a- undo & redo ------ to undo or redo any order

b- cut & past & copy & delete ------ for any element
you can do this order by select element ( joint or
frame or shell ) then you can do this orders

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

c- add model from template

d- add grid at selected point

select any point you need to add grid at it ---- then select
add grid at selected point

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

first select grid system from coord system
and select orientation at X or Y or Z
e- Replicate : to make number of copy for any elements
Select the element you need to replicate it ---- select replicate

If Select linear
dx or dy or dz is distance of replicate
number is number of copies you need

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

If Select Radial
Rotate about ----- select axe you rotate about it
If rotate about X you need the coordinate of the point in Y and
Z coordinate ---- inter this value in intersection of line
If rotate about Z you need the coordinate of the point in Y and
X coordinate ---- inter this value in intersection of line
If rotate about Y you need the coordinate of the point in X and
Z coordinate ---- inter this value in intersection of line
Increment data
i. Number ----- Inter number of copies
ii. Angle ---- angle of rotation of the element

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

If Select mirror
Mirror about ----- select axe you mirror about it
Then inter coordinate of the line ( two point top and bottom )
f- Extrude : to convert point to frame or line to area number
of copy for any elements
i. to convert joint to frame
ii. select joint to need to convert it

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

iii. from edit menu ----- extrude --- extrude point to frame

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

If Select radial ----- to draw arc by number of strait element

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

iv. to convert ftame to shell
to convert the arc frame to shell
select the frames element

frome edit menu ---- extrude ---- extrude line to area

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

g- Merge Joint
This order use to merge more than one point if the distance between the
point less than value .
Select joints ---- edit point --- inter distance to merge ( merge tolerance )

h- Align Joint
To array some joints in same line

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

select the previous joint ---- edit menu ---- align joint

select the align joint to X- ordinate

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

i- Divide frame

There is two option of divide

i. Divide into ( to divide into equal number of frames )
ii. Break at intersection with ----- defied frame at
the intersection with selected frames and joint
j- Joint frame
To convert the divide frames to on frame element

Select the divided previous frames

Edit menu ---- joint frame

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

k- Edit curved frame

to convert the showed frame to curve

the showed frame length = 6 m
select the showed frame
from edit menu ---- edit curved frame
select line object as curved frame
there is three type of curve
i. circle
ii. cured circle ( curve part of circle )
iii. parabolic arc ( any type of curve )

select parabolic arc

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

The third point coordinate ( 3 , 15 , 0 )

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

3- Define & assign group

To define any group of element in same group there is two steps

( define and assign group )
Define menu ---- group

Press add new group

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

select some element
from assign menu ---- assign to group \

select group1
press ok
now this elements become in group1

4- SNAP ORDER

Snap order is very useful in draw it is use to have a guide point at some
position
From draw menu ----- snap ----

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

5- Select order

From select menu ----- select

- Pointer / window ----- select by window

- Intersection line ----- select line ( if drag this line on window
any element you intersect will be select )
- Frame section ---- select each frame have same frame section
you select
- And so on for area section and label

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

6- Set Display option

From view menu ---- set display option

1- For Joint
a. Label ---- you can show label for each joint
b. Restrain ---- you can show Restrain for each joint or not
c. Spring ---- you can show Spring for each joint or not
d. Local axes ---- you can show Local axes for each joint or not
e. Invisible ---- if selected joint will be find but not show so
you can select it and make any order for it
f. Not in view ---- the not view so no order make for it

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

EXAMPLE NO . 9

UNDER GROUND TANK

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

Thickness of wall = 30 cm
Thickness of Raft = 50 cm
Water hight = 6m

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

1- File menu --- new model --- Blanks
2- Right click --- edit grid
3- Grid at ( X = 0 , 0.5 , 6.5 , 12.5 , 13 )
Grid at (Y = 0 , 0.5 , 8.5 , 9 )
Grid at (Z = 0 , 8 )

4- To draw 3D model of the tank it prefere to show two window to draw

for example XY view + 3D view
5- To show two window ----- from option menu ---- window

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

6- Select two window vertically

The window of dark blue color is the active window which you
can work in it
In prevouise image the left window is the active window
You can make the right window active by click in any position
in this window
Draw the walls of tank by show XZ plan and YZ plan
Draw the raft by show XY plan at its z level

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

7- Define shell section 30 cm & 50 cm

8- Assign wall section as 30 cm
9- Assign raft section as 30 cm
10- Mesh area for wall & for raft ( it is very important to make all sells
vertical and horizontal to be intersection at same point )

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

Image show shell mesh vertical and horizontal

11- Select raft area and to define spring

i. We must input value of spring in direction of 1 & 2 as
value = 0.2 * spring value in local 3
ii. If spring 3 = 1500 ---- spring (1 & 2 ) = 0.2*1500
iii. Select shell of raft ---- assign menu --- area ---- spring
iv. In direction 1 inter value = 300 ---- ok
v. In direction 2 inter value = 300 ---- ok
vi. In direction 3 inter value = 1500 ---- ok

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

12- Define load cases
There is three load cases (dead load , soil load , water load )

13- Assign load

i. Load for raft
The interior raft in tank have water load = 6 t/m2
The edge frame for raft have soil load = 8 * 2 = 16 t/m2

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

ii. Pressure load on walls ( soil pressure & water pressure )
To define pressure load there is three steps
a- define joint pattern
from define menu ---- joint pattern

Print water ---- change pattern name

Print soil ---- add new pattern Name

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

b- Assign joint pattern
i. Soil pattern ( soil pattern on exterior wall only )

WALLS HAVE SOIL LOAD

Pattern equation ---- C * Z + D = value

At Z = 0

C*0+D=4

-----

D=4

At Z = 8

C*8+4=0
C = -0.5

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

Select walls ---- assign menu --- joint pattern

ii.Water pattern ( water pattern on exterior wall only )

WALLS HAVE WATER LOAD

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

Pattern equation ---- C * Z + D = value
At Z = 0

C*0+D=6

-----

D=6

-----

C = -1

At Z = 6

C*6+6=0

Select zero negative value to neglect negative value which be

above z level = 6 m

c- Assign wall load

For water load ----- select wall
Assign menu ---- area load ---- surface pressure
Select each wall and inter its load multiplier

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

Water wall multiplier

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

For soil load ----- select wall

Soil wall multiplier

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

14- Set analysis option as 3D frame
15- Run

Deformed shape due to soil

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

M22 Countour due to water load

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

SAP MODEL USING AUTOCAD

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

We use AutoCAD program to make sap model because the advantage of
AutoCAD in drawing to draw modeling in AutoCAD there is steps to
insert this drawing in AutoCAD
First add new layers in AutoCAD ( frame layer to draw frame in it
and shell layer to draw shell in it )
Draw frame element as line in its layer
Draw shell element shell in its layer
Draw element by meter
Save the AutoCAD drawing as ( *.dxf )
From SAP program ----- import ---- AutoCAD Dxf file
Select dxf file from its directory

Select unit as ton , m ,c

If XY plan global up direction is Z
If YZ plan global up direction is X
If XZ plan global up direction is Y

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

Select layer of frame element and layer of shell element if found

Model will be insert to sap
Complete sap model

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

3D MODEL EXAMPLE

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

15

B (25x70)

15

L.L = 250 KG /m2

FL = 150 KG / m2

B (25x70)

B (25x70)

B (25x70)

15

B (25x70)

15

B (25x70)

No of floor = Ground + 7 floor

Foundation level = ( -2.00 )
Ground floor height = 3 m
Repeated floor height = 3m

B (25x70)

B (25x70)

B (25x70)

B (25x70)

B (25x70)

B (25x70)

B (25x70)

B (25x70)

15

15

15

B (25x70)

B (25x70)

B (25x70)

15

B (25x70)

B (25x70)

B (25x70)

15

B (25x70)

B (25x70)

B (25x70)

B (25x70)

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

1- File menu --- new model --- Grid

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

2- Draw frame element

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

3- Draw shell element

4- Define frame section of beam as 25 x 70 cm

5- Assign frame section of beam as 25 x 70 cm
6- Define shell section of slab as 15 cm
7- Assign shell section of slab as 15 cm
8- Assign joint restrain as hinge
9- Mesh of shell by 0.5 X 0.5
10- Divide frame section
11- Delete void of shell
12- Assign hinge at shear wall edge

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

13- Edit grid in Z direction ( at Z level = 0 is Ground )

14- Grid for Z ( -5 , 0 , 3 , 6 , 9 , 12 , 15 , 18 , 21 )

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

15- To insert all floor
Select floor at Z = 0
From edit menu ----- replicate

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

16- Define column section 60 x 60 cm
17- Draw frame element of column by show two window ( XZ & XY )
and to select frame section 50 x 50

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

18- Define shell section 30 cm
19- Draw shell element of shear wall by show two window ( XZ & XY )
and to select shell section 30

20- To show shear wall only ---- select menu --- area section ---- 30
21- View menu ---- show selection only

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

22- Mesh shear wall as floor by 0.5 x 0.5

23- First mesh it by grid to mesh at each floor

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

24- Second mesh wall by 0.5 x 0.5

25- Select all model ----- assign menu --- joint ---- restrain --- free

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

26- At Z level -5 show XY plan ( joint no invisible )

27- Select all joint for this level ---- joint restrain as hinge ( restrain at
foundation level only )

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

28- From view menu ---- set display option ---- select extrude view

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

29- Divide frames at each floor by select all model ---- divide frame

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

30- Define load cases
Define menu ---- load cases

EQX is earthquake in X direction

EQY is earthquake in Y direction
Auto lateral type :
There is three method to insert lateral load
1- static method
2- dynamic method
3- response spectrum method
31- Assign vertical load
Dead load
Select all model ---- assign area load ---- dead --- 0.15 t/m2
Live load
Select all model ---- assign area load ---- live ---- 0.25 t/m2

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

32- Assign earthquake load

a- First method ( static user define )

1- from define menu ---- load cases ( change auto lateral load as
user load )

2- define diaphragm ---- select floor No 1 ---- assign ---- joint --- constrain

select diaphragm ----- add new constrain

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

select diaphragm ----- add new constrain

select floor 2 ---- assign joint constrain --- diaphragm ---- add
new diaphragm ---- diaphragm 2 and so on for other floors 3 ,
4,5,6,7, 8

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

Calculate static earthquake load using
For example
P = ZICKS ( W )
Then get load at each floor

To insert earthquake load ( for example in X dir )

From define menu ----- load cases

Select EQX ----- select modify lateral load

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

The table which show at each Z level the diaphragm of it

To insert load of EQX insert the value of force in FX

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

select apply center of mass
additional Ecc ratio 0.05
33- Assign wall section cut
To make the shear wall as section to get the moment on this wall as
one unit we do the next steps
a- define new group as wall
from

define menu ---- group

Select add new Group

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

press OK

b- Assign wall to group

select shear wall base joint + above shell

From assign menu ---- assign to group ---- select wall group

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

c- Define section cut

From define menu ----- section cut

Select add section cut

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

RUN
After run sap first we want to know the drift of the building and compare
this value with the allowable code value
Assume allowable code value = height / 500 = 26/ 500 = 5.2 cm
from display menu ---- show deformed shape
diagram

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

to show drift in X dir ( U1 ) show XY plan at
roof ( Z = 21 )

from Sap U1 max = 0.0287 m = 2.87 cm < allowable then

OK the building drift under this earthquake is safe
if the drift not safe you must change the resisting system of
building ( increase shear wall inertia or to add new shear
wall in other position of building to resist the earthquake
To show straining action of wall due to earthquake and other
loads
a- From display menu ---- show table

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

Press OK

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

The table show that :
M1 ( moment about X axis ) = zero ( no force in Y dir )
M2 ( moment about Y axis ) = 1890 t.m
M3 ( torsion about Z axis ) = 279 t.m
F3 ( due to vertical load dead and live ) = 523 ton

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

b- second method ( static user UBC Code )

1- define diaphragm for each floor as previous method
2- define menu ---- load cases

select UBC 97 code and ---- modify load

select EQY ---- modify lateral load

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

direction of load is Y dir
Time period --- select user define option ---- calculate T
using UBC eqation and insert this value
For elevation sap insert max Z and min Z if this value not
correct you can type the correction valua but sap almost
insert the correct
Overstrength factor R ( you insert this value from code
depend on the building system )
For seismic coeff
a- Soil profile type --- depend on type of soil from
code
b- Seismic Zone factor ---- from code by the reigon get
the factor of zone
Importance factor ---- depend on building using from code
After insert the value of table press OK
3- define mass source
you must define the mass source to insert the M value

F=M*a
If L.L more than 500 kg /m2
Mass source = D.L + 0.5 L.L

If L.L less than 500 kg /m2

Mass source = D.L ( only )

SAP 2000 ( VER 9.03 )

** from define menu ----- mass source

You can Run the model and get result as previous Example

Thanks for you

Eng / Khaled mostafa