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TUGAS MATA KULIAH

BAHASA INGGRIS

Disusun Oleh :
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Retno Puji Lestari


(14302241029)
Endang Surani
(14302241030)
Annisa Faurina Lestari (14302241031)

Dosen Pengampu :
Drs. Joko Sudomo, M.A

JURUSAN PENDIDIKAN FISIKA


FAKULTAS MATEMATIKA DAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM
UNIVERSITAS NEGERI YOGYAKARTA
2014/2015

Tittle

X-Ray

X-rays are electromagnetic waves having wavelengths


10-8 - 10-12 m and a frequency of about 10 16 -1021 Hz. Xrays discovered by German physicist Wilhelm
Introductio Roentgen C. on November 8, 1895. These rays can
n
penetrate soft objects such as meat and skin but can
not penetrate hard objects such as bones, teeth, and
metal.

Body

Conclusion

X-rays were discovered through experiments using a


tube. Roentgen observed a green flame on the tube
that previously attracted the attention of Crookes. He
tried to close the tube with black paper, with the hope
that no visible light that can pass. But after closing it
turns out there is something that can pass. He
concluded that there are no visible rays are able to
break through the black paper.
By the time he turned on the power source for the
study of cathode ray tubes, he found that there was a
type of fluorescent light on a screen made of barium
Platino cyanida who happened to be nearby. If the
power source is extinguished, the fluorescent light is
gone. He soon realized that the kind of light that does
not appear to have emerged from the cathode ray
tube. Because never before known, then this light is
named X-rays. But to appreciate his services in this
invention, the X-rays that are often also called the
Roentgen rays.
X-rays can be formed when charged particles. For
example, electrons by atomic nuclei style influence
material slowdown. X-rays are electromagnetic waves
is none other than that formed through this process
called X-ray bremsstrahlung. X-rays are formed in this
way has the highest energy equal to the kinetic energy
of charged particles at the time of deceleration.
X-rays are often used in various fields such as
medicine, physics, chemistry, mineralogy, metallurgy,
and biology. In the field of health, low energy X-rays
are used to take still images known as radiographs. Xrays can penetrate the human body but is absorbed by
the denser parts like bones. High energy X-rays are
used to destroy cancer cells. This method is known as
radiotherapy. In the field of industry, X-rays work
knowing disability parts inside the machine and
engine. Fixing cracks in metal pipes, concrete walls
and high pressure. Checking cracks in the plastic
structure and sap. In other fields, X-rays are also used
in the field plane, soft X-rays are used to inspect the
goods and passenger bag.
Although beneficial , the use of X-rays should pay
attention to the procedure . Because permeable large
enough X-rays use excessive to humans can lead to ,
destruction of cells in the body , changes in the genetic

structure of a cell , blood cancer , bad impressions


such as hair loss , skin becomes red and ulcerous . Xray radiation can kill monocytes (a type of white blood
cells ) are found on the walls of arteries . This was
found to lead to increased levels of monocyte chemoattractant-protein 1(MCP-1) which can lead to
cardiovascular disease . Therefore , the transmission of
X-rays in the treatment of humans cultivated as short
as possible .

Translate.

Judul
Pengantar

Sinar-X
SinarX adalah gelombang elektromagnetik yang
mempunyai panjang gelombang 10-8-10-12 m dan
frekuensi sekitar 1016 -1021 Hz. Sinar-X ditemukan oleh
fisikawan
berkebangsaan
Jerman
Wilhelm
C.
Roentgen pada tanggal 8 November 1895. Sinar ini
dapat menembus benda-benda lunak seperti daging
dan kulit tetapi tidak dapat menembus benda-benda
keras seperti tulang, gigi, dan logam.

Isi

Sinar-X ditemukan melalui percobaan menggunakan


tabung. Roentgen mengamati nyala hijau pada tabung
yang sebelumnya menarik perhatian Crookes. Dia
mencoba menutup tabung itu dengan kertas hitam,
dengan harapan agar tidak ada cahaya tampak yang
dapat lewat. Namun setelah ditutup ternyata masih
ada sesuatu yang dapat lewat. Dia Menyimpulkan
bahwa ada sinar-sinar tidak tampak yang mampu
menerobos kertas hitam tersebut.
Pada saat Dia menyalakan sumber listrik tabung untuk
penelitian sinar katoda, Dia mendapatkan bahwa ada
sejenis cahaya berpendar pada layar yang terbuat dari
barium platino cyanida yang kebetulan berada di
dekatnya. Jika sumber listrik dipadamkan, maka
cahaya pendar pun hilang. Dia segera menyadari
bahwa sejenis sinar yang tidak kelihatan telah muncul
dari dalam tabung sinar katoda. Karena sebelumnya
tidak pernah dikenal, maka sinar ini diberi nama sinarX. Namun untuk menghargai jasanya dalam penemuan
ini maka seringkali sinar-X itu dinamai juga Sinar
Roentgen.
Sinar-X dapat terbentuk apabila partikel bermuatan.
Misalnya elektron oleh pengaruh gaya inti atom bahan
mengalami perlambatan. Sinar-X yang tidak lain adalah
gelombang elektromagnetik yang terbentuk melalui
proses ini disebut sinar-X bremsstrahlung. Sinar-X yang
terbentuk dengan cara demikian mempunyai energi
paling tinggi sama dengan energi kinetik partikel
bermuatan pada waktu terjadinya perlambatan.
Meskipun besar manfaatnya, penggunaan sinar-X

Kesimpula

harus memperhatikan prosedur . Karena daya


tembusnya cukup besar penggunaan sinar-X yang
berlebihan terhadap manusia dapat menyebabkan,
pemusnahan sel-sel dalam badan, perubahan struktur
genetik suatu sel, penyakit kanker darah, kesan-kesan
buruk seperti rambut gugur, kulit menjadi merah dan
berbisul. Radiasi sinar-X dapat membunuh monosit
(salah satu jenis sel darah putih) yang terdapat pada
dinding arteri. Hal ini ternyata dapat mengakibatkan
meningkatnya kadar monocyte chemo-attractant
protein 1 (MCP-1) yang dapat mengarah kepada
penyakit kardiovaskular. Oleh karena itu, pemancaran
sinar-X
pada
pengobatan
manusia
diusahakan
sesingkat mungkin.

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