GI Study Guide

Learner Will Be Able to:

Describe the etiology, clinical manifestations, collaborative care and nursing
management of Esophageal Disease
Describe Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, including collaborative care and
nursing management of Nasogastric Tubes and Gastrostomy tubes
Describe the etiology, clinical manifestations, collaborative care and nursing
management of Gastric and duodenal Ulcer disease
Describe the etiology, clinical manifestations, collaborative care and nursing
management of Gastrointestinal Bleeds

1. What is the most reliable method for confirming feeding tube placement?
2. What method is used when the digestive tract cannot be used for feedings,
this method bypasses the digestive tract by delivering nutrients directly to
the bloodstream?
3. Why would a patient who has just undergone GI surgery have an NG tube in
place, attached to low intermediate suction?
4. What 3 types of medication are used in patients with GERD?
5. What is the recommended diet for patients with gastritis?
6. What is the causative organism for peptic ulcers?
7. What is a life threatening complication of a person with a ruptured appendix?
8. McBurneys Point?
9. Rovsing sign?
10.What are local complications of IBD (inflammatory bowel disease)
11.What is the dietary treatment of constipation?

Gastrointestinal Disorders

Hemorrhage
Pain
Anorexia
Nausea and Vomiting
Distention
Bleeding and Diarrhea
Diarrhea and/or Constipation
Belching/Flatulence
Indigestion
Inflammatory Disorders of the Bowel
Infections
Viral & Bacterial Gastroenteritis
Parasitic Infection
Outcome Management
Medical Management
Nursing Management
Appendicitis
Etiology and Risk Factors
Pathophysiology
McBurneys Point
Rovsing Sign
Clinical Manifestations and Potential Complications
Surgical Management: Appendectomy
Nursing Management
Pain
Risk for Fluid Volume Deficit
Risk for Infection
PeritonitisEtiology and Risk Factors
Pathophysiology
Clinical Manifestations
Medical & Nursing Outcome Management
Maintain Fluid & Electrolyte Balance
Control Infection
Crohns Disease
Etiology and Risk Factors
Pathophysiology
Clinical Manifestations
Ulcerative Colitis
Etiology and Risk Factors
Pathophysiology
Clinical Manifestations
Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Medical Management
Decrease Diarrhea & Increase Nutritional Intake
Nursing Management
Diarrhea
Altered Nutrition: less than
Pain
Surgical Management
Total colectomy
Ileorectal Anatomosis
Ileostomy

 Small Bowel Resection

Nursing Management
Knowledge Deficit
Risk for Injury: Post Op Complications
Risk for Body Image Disturbance
Risk for Ineffective Management of Therapeutic Regimen
Risk for Sexual Dysfunction
Nursing Management: Teaching
Ostomy Care & Stoma Assessment
Prevent Skin Irritation & Treat Problems
Discuss Medications & Reduce Odors
Discuss Diet, Foods, & Fluids
Colorectal Cancer
Etiology and Risk Factors
Pathophysiology
Clinical Manifestations
Medical Management
Decrease Tumor Growth, Chemotherapy, & Radiation
Surgical Management
Colostomy
Abdominal-Perineal Resection
Nursing Management
Risk for Injury
Risk for Ineffective Management of Therapeutic Regimen: Ostomy
Care, Irrigations, Minimizing Flatus
Diverticular disease
Etiology and Risk Factors
Pathophysiology
Clinical Manifestations
Outcome Management: Medical, Surgical, and Nursing
Obstructions
Etiology and Risk Factors: Mechanical, Neurogenic, & Vascular
Pathophysiology
Clinical Manifestations
Bowel Obstructions
Outcome Management: Medical
Nursing Management
Fluid Volume Deficit
Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Etiology and Risk Factors
Pathophysiology
Outcome Management: Medical and Nursing Outcome Management: Surgical
Modify Diet, Alternative Treatments, Modify Lifestyle, Administer
Medications
Gastritis/Chronic Gastritis
Etiology and Risk Factors
Pathophysiology
Clinical Manifestations
Outcome Management
Medical Management
Nursing Management
Peptic Ulcer Disease
Etiology and Risk Factors

Pathophysiology
Clinical Manifestations
Outcome Management
Medical/Surgical Management
Nursing Management
Eliminate H. Pylori Bacteria
Reduce Gastric Secretions
Strengthen Mucosal Barrier
Modify Diet
Prevent and Treat Complications
Hemorrhage
Obstructions
Assessment
Nursing Diagnosis
Pain
Ineffective Management of Therapeutic Regimen
Nursing Outcome
Nursing Interventions
Nursing Evaluation
Feeding Tube Placement
Inserting Nasal Gastric Tubes
Measuring
Lubricating
Swallowing
Verifying Placement and Securing
Nursing Management
Clean and Lubricate Nares
Prevent Irritation When Taping Tube
Oral Hygiene
Stimulate Salivation
Preventing Sore Throat
Risk Factors
Mental Status
Impaired Gag and Cough Reflexes
Coughing
Tracheal Suctioning
Retching
Bed Position
Placement Verification
-Placement Aspiration of recognizable gastric contents
-Auscultation of air introduced via syringe into the tube
-Measurement of pH of fluid aspirated via syringe
-Observe for coughing, choking, or cyanosis
-Have client speak
-Observe for bubbles when end of tube is held under water
Esophageal Disorders
Dysphagia
Caused by Mechanical Obstruction
Caused by Cardiovascular Abnormalities
Caused by Neurologic Diseases
Regurgitation

Pain and Heartburn

Achalasia
Etiology and Risk Factors
Pathophysiology
Clinical Manifestations
Medical Management
Surgical Management
Nursing Management
Assessment
Nursing Diagnosis
Nursing Outcome
Nursing Interventions
Nursing Evaluations
Nursing Diagnoses
Altered Nutrition: less than body requirements
Pain
Knowledge Deficit
Gastroesophogeal Reflux disease
Etiology and Risk Factors
Pathophysiology
Clinical Manifestations
Medical Management
Surgical Management
Nursing Management
Assessment
Nursing Diagnosis
Nursing Outcome
Nursing Interventions
Nursing Evaluations
TPN
Indications
Solution
Complications
Vascular Access
Nursing Management
Assessment
Nursing Diagnosis
Nursing Outcome
Nursing Interventions
Nursing Evaluations
Nursing Diagnosis
Altered Nutrition: less than body requirements

Enteral Nutrition
Assessment
Indications
Neurological
Gastrointestinal
Miscellaneous
Methods of Administration
Bolus

 Intermittent
Continuous
Nursing Management
Assessment
Nursing Diagnosis
Nursing Outcome
Nursing Interventions
Nursing Evaluations
Nursing Diagnosis
Altered Nutrition: less than body requirements
Obesity
Obesity/Anorexia
Etiology and Risk Factors
Pathophysiology
Clinical Manifestations
Surgical Management- Bariatric Surgery, criteria
Medical Management-TPN, PPN, Feeding tubes
Nursing Diagnoses-Eating Disorders
Altered Nutrition: less than body requirement
Altered Nutrition: more than body requirement
Body Image Disturbance
Risk for Injury: Dysrhythmias