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A SEMINAR REPORT
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the
Requirements for the degree
of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
in
CANDIDATES DECLARATION
I hereby, declare that the work which is being presented in this seminar
report entitled Gas Insulated Substation submitted in partial fulfillment of
the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Technology to the Department
of Electrical Engineering, Institute of Engineering and Technology Lucknow,
Uttar Pradesh, INDIA, under the guidance and supervision of Mr. Satyendra
Singh ,Department of Electrical Engineering, IET LUCKNOW.
To the best of my knowledge, the matter embodied in this seminar report
has not been submitted for the award of any other degree or diploma in any
other Institute/University.
Date:
Place: Lucknow
(VISHAL NIGAM)
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the above statement made by the candidate is correct to the
best of my knowledge.
Date:
Place: Lucknow
(SATYENDRA SINGH)
Department of Electrical Engineering.
IET LUCKNOW
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to extend my heartfelt thanks and deep sense of
gratitude to all those who helped me in preparing this report
directly or indirectly. I would like to express my sincere thanks
to my respected
sir SATYENDRA SINGH for his expert
guidance and suggestion which helped me to make this report.
It gives me immense pleasure in conveying thanks to my
faculties who helped a lot in completing this seminar report. I
would also like to express my thanks to my friends.
I am extremely indebted to them for providing valuable support
and co-operation.
VISHAL NIGAM
1205220051
EE 3rd YEAR
CONTENT
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. FEATURES OF GAS INSULATED SUBSTATION
2. INTRODUCTION TO SF6
3. COMPONENTS OF GIS.
3.1 DESCRIPTION OF COMPONENTS OF GIS
3.1.1 SF6 CIRCUIT BREAKER.
3.1.2 DISCONNECTOR.
3.1.3 EARTHING SWITCH.
3.1.4 INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER.
3.1.5 LIGHTINING ARRESTORS.
5. DISADVANTAGE OF GIS.
6. APPLICATION OF GIS.
7. CONCLUSION
8. REFERENCE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
A gas insulated substation (GIS) is a high voltage
substation in which the major structures are contained in a
sealed environment with sulfur hexafluoride gas (SF 6)as the
insulating medium. GIS technology originated in Japan, where
there was a substantial need to develop technology to make
substations as compact as possible. The clearance required for
phase to phase and phase to ground for all equipment is much
lower than that required in an air insulated substation; the total
space required for a GIS is 10% of that needed for a
conventional substation.
2. INTRODUCTION TO SULPHUR
HEXAFLUORIDE(SF6)
Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) is an Inorganic, colorless, odorless,
non-flammable, extremely potent greenhouse gas which is an
excellent electrical insulator.[3]
SF6 has an octahedral geometry, consisting of
six fluorine atoms attached to a central sulfur atom. It is
a hypervalent molecule. Typical for a nonpolar gas, it is
poorly soluble in water but soluble in nonpolar organic solvents.
It is generally transported as a liquefied compressed gas. It
Characterstics of SF6 :
SF6 is colorlessly, odorless
and a
chemical neutral (inerted) gas.
SF6 is 5x heavier than air, is
not toxic and
has no dangerous components
inside.
SF6 is no hazardous material.
SF6 has no eco-toxic potential.
SF6 has no impact for the ozonosphere.
SF6 is a potent greenhouse gas ( GWP*
CO2).
22,800** x
Bus bar
Circuit Breakers
Disconnecting switches
Earthing switches
Current transformers
Voltage transformers
Cable and boxes
Gas supply and gas monitoring equipment and
Local control
view of GIS
Fig. 6.0
Here the breaker is filled with SF6 gas at rated pressure. There
are two fixed contact fitted with a specific contact gap. A sliding
cylinder bridges these to fixed contacts. The cylinder can
axially slide upward and downward along the contacts. There is
one stationary piston inside the cylinder which is fixed with
other stationary parts of the SF6 circuit breaker, in such a way
that it can not change its position during the movement of the
cylinder. As the piston is fixed and cylinder is movable or
sliding, the internal volume of the cylinder changes when the
cylinder slides.
During opening of the breaker the cylinder moves downwards
against position of the fixed piston hence the volume inside the
cylinder is reduced which produces compressed SF 6gas inside
the cylinder. The cylinder has numbers of side vents which were
blocked by upper fixed contact body during closed position. As
the cylinder move further downwards, these vent openings
cross the upper fixed contact, and become unblocked and then
compressed SF6 gas inside the cylinder will come out through
this vents in high speed towards the arc and passes through
the axial hole of the both fixed contacts. The arc is quenched
during this flow of SF6 gas.
During closing of the circuit breaker, the sliding cylinder moves
upwards and as the position of piston remains at fixed height,
the volume of the cylinder increases which introduces low
pressure inside the cylinder compared to the surrounding. Due
to this pressure difference SF6 gas from surrounding will try to
enter in the cylinder. The higher pressure gas will come through
the axial hole of both fixed contact and enters into cylinder via
vent and during this flow; the gas will quench the arc.
3.1.2 DISCONNECTOR :
The basic element of the device is a moving contact performing
both the disconnector and earthing switch functions. The
design prevents simultaneous closing of both switches. Three
positions are available for
the contacts:
Disconnector closed and earthing switch open.
Disconnector open and earthing switch open.
Disconnector open and earthing switch closed.
The disconnectors are able to switch the capacitive charging
currents of the busbars and bus transfer currents in double
busbar substations.
The disconnectors/earthing switches are operated by an
electrical operating mechanism directly attached to the
equipment.
Fig7.0
Fig7.1
7. CONCLUSION
Gas insulated Substations have found a broad range
applications in power systems over the last three decades
because of their high reliability Easy maintenance, small
ground space requirements etc.,.
In our country also few
GIS units have been in operation and a large number of units
are under various stages of installation.
GIS are some important areas to be studied include more
conservative designs better particle control and improved gas
handling and decomposition product management techniques
Achieving and maintaining high levels of availability requires a
more integrated approach to quality control by both users and
manufactures.
8. REFERENCE
1. GAS INSULATED SUBSTATION by P.S NAIDU ,