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GATE SOLUTION
2000 to 2015
Detailed solution of each question
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
GATE SOLUTION
Subject-wise reducing year
CONTENTS
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GATE Solution
1. Process Calculations
1-19
2. Thermodynamics Engineering..
20-55
3. Fluid Mechanics
56-110
4. Mechanical Operations
111-116
5. Heat Transfer ..
117-161
6. Mass Transfer
. 162-218
219-277
278-323
340-364
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1. PROCESS CALCULATIONS
(GATE 2000 to 2015 Question Papers)
GATE-2015
Q. 1 The schematic diagram of a steady state process is shown below. The fresh feed (F) to the reactor
consists of 96 mol% reactant A and 4 mol% inert I. The stoichiometry of the reaction in A C. A
part of the reactor effluent is recycled. The molar flow rate of the recycle stream is 0.3F. The product
stream P contains 50 mol% C. The percentage conversion of A in the reactor based on A entering the
reactor at point 1 in the figure (up to one decimal place) is _______________
Q. 2 Adsorption on activated carbon is to be used for reducing phenol concentration in wastewater from
0.04mol/1 to 0.008 mol/1. The adsorption isotherm at the operating temperature can be expressed as q
= 0.025C1/3; where q is the phenol concentration in solid (mol/g solid) and C is the phenol
concentration in water (mol/1). The minimum amount of solid (in grams) required per liter of
wastewater (up to one decimal place) is _______________
GATE-2014
Q. 3 A wet solid of 100 kg is dried from a moisture content of 40 wt% to 10 wt%. The critical moisture
content is 15 wt% and the equilibrium moisture content is negligible. All moisture contents are on dry
basis. The falling rate is considered to be linear. It takes 5 hours to dry the
material in the constant rate
period. The duration (in hours) of the falling rate period is
Q.4 Two elemental gases (A and B) are reacting to form a liquid (C) in a steady state process as
per
the reaction A + B C. The single-pass conversion of the reaction is only 20% and hence recycle is
used. The product is separated completely in pure form. The fresh feed has 49 mol% of A and B each
along with 2 mol% impurities. The maximum allowable impurities
in the recycle stream is 20
mol%. The amount of purge stream (in moles) per 100 moles of the
fresh feed is ___________
Q.5 Carbon dioxide (CO) is burnt is presence of 200% excess pure oxygen and the flame temperature
achieved is 2298K. The inlet streams are at 25C. The standard heat of formation
(at 25C) of CO
-1
-1
and CO2 are 110kJ mol and -390kJ mol , respectively. The heat capacities (in J mol-1 K-1) of the
components are
C po2 25 14 103 T
CPco2 25 42 103 T
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The value of CR in mg/L, up to one digit after the decimal point, is ________
(2-Marks)
A fraction f of the feed is bypassed and mixed with the permeate to obtain treated water having a
fluoride concentration of 1 mg/L. Here also the flow rate of the reject stream is 60% of the flow rate
entering the reverse osmosis unit (after the bypass). The value of f , up to 2 digits after the decimal
point, is __________
(2-Marks)
GATE-2012
Notation:
Molar flow rate of fresh B is FFB
Molar flow rate of A is FA
Molar flow rate of recycle gas is FRG
Molar fraction of B in recycle gas is YRB
Molar flow rate of purge gas is FPG
Molar flow rate of C is FC
Here, FFB = 2 mol/s; FA = 1 mol/s, FB/FA = 5and A is completely converted.
Q. 8 If YRB 0.3 , the ratio of recycle gas to, purge gas
(A) 2
(B) 5
(C) 7
3
8
(B)
2
5
(C)
FRG / FPG is
(2-Marks)
(D) 10
(D)
(2-Marks)
3
4
GATE-2011
Q. 10 Ammonia is synthesized at 200 bar and 773 K by the reaction N2 3H 2 2 NH3 . The yield of
ammonia is 0.45 mol/mol of fresh feed. Flow sheet for the process (along with available
compositions) is shown below.
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(A) 10%
(B) 20%
(C) 45%
(D) 55%
Q. 11 The following combustion reactions occur when methane is burnt.
CH 4 2O2 CO2 2H 2O
2CH 4 3O2 2CO2 4H 2O
20% excess air is supplied to the combustor. The conversion of methane is 80% and the molar ratio
of CO to CO2 in the flue gas is 1:3. Assume air to have 80 mol % N2 and rest O2. The O2 consumed
as a PERCENTAGE of O2 entering the combustor is.
(A) 20%
(B) 62.5%
(C) 80%
(D) 83.3%
GATE-2010
(2-Marks)
Mole%
CO2
10.00
O2
2.37
CO
0.53
N2
87.10
The ratio of the moles of CH4 to the moles of O2 in the feed stream is
(A) 1.05
(B) 0.60
(C) 0.51
(D) 0.4
(2-Marks)
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(2-Marks)
(B) 0.7
(C) 0.8
(D) 0.9
Q. 16 If the enthalpy of the distillate with reference to the feed in 3000 kJ/kmol, and the enthalpy of the
bottoms with reference to feed is 1000kJ/ kmol, the heat duty of the preheater (Qh in kJ/hr) is
(2-Marks)
(A) -2 106
(B) -1 106
(C) 1 106
(D) 2 106
Q. 17
Pure water (stream W) is to be obtained from a feed containing 5wt % salt using a desalination
unit as shown below.
If the overall recovery of pure water (through stream W) is 0.75 kg/kg feed, then the recycle ratio
(R/F) is.
(2-Marks)
(A) 0.25
(B) 0.5
(C) 0.75
(D) 1.0
GATE-2008
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0.5 N 2 g 0.5O2 g NO g
0.5 N 2 g O2 g NO2 g
The molar ratio of NO to NO2 in the product stream is 2:1. The fractional conversion of nitrogen is.
(2-Marks)
(A) 0.13
(B) 0.20
(C) 0.27
(D) 0.40
(2-Marks)
CH 4 g C g 2 H 2 g
The single pass conversion of methane is 60 %. If fresh feed is pure methane and 25 % of the
methane exiting the reactor is recycled, then the molar ratio of fresh feed stream to recycle stream is
(2-Marks)
(A) 0.9
(B) 9
(C) 10
(D) 90
Common Data for Question 22, 23, 24:
Methane and stream are fed to a reactor in molar ratio 1:2. The flowing reactions take place,
CH 4( g ) 2 H 2O( g ) CO2( g ) 4 H 2( g )
CH 4( g ) H 2O( g ) CO( g ) 3H 2( g )
Where CO2 is the desired product, CO is the undesired product and H2 is a byproduct the exit stream has the
following composition
Species
CH4
H2O
CO2
H2
CO
Mole %
4.35
10.88
15.21
67.39
2.17
(A) 30
(B) 420
(C) 1020
(D) 1500
Q.26 For the same process, if fresh H2O feed to the reactor is 600 mol/hr and wash water for scrubbing is
20% of the condensable coming out of the reactor, the water flowrate in mols/hr from the distillation
column as bottoms is
(2-Marks)
(A) 170
(B) 220
(C) 270
(D) 430
C3 H8 5O2 3CO2 4H 2O
(C) 65
(C) 83.3
GATE-2006
Statement for Linked Answer Question 29 and 30:
(D) 68
(2-Marks)
(D) 93.3
(2-Marks)
Solvent C is used to extract solute B selectively form 100kh/hr feed mixture A + B in a steady state
continuous process shown below. The solubility of C in the raffinate and the solubility of A in the extract are
negligible. The extract is distilled to recover B in the bottom product. The overhead product is recycled to
the extractor. The loss of solvent in the bottom is compensated by make up solvent Sd.. The total flow rate of
the solvent stream S going to the extractor is 50kg/hr. the mass fractions (Xis) of some selected streams are
indicated in the figure below.
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Q.29 Distillation bottoms flow rate W and solvent dosing rate Sd in kg/hr are
(A) W = 50, Sd = 50
(B) W = 100, Sd = 20
(C) W = 10, Sd = 50
(D) W = 50, Sd = 10
Q.30 Feed rate E to the distillation column and overhead product rate T in kg/hr are
(A) E = 90, T = 40
(B) E = 80, T = 40
(C) E = 90, T 50
(D) E = 45, T = 20
(2-Marks)
(2-Marks)
GATE-2005
Q.31 A metal recovery unit (MRU) of intake capacity 5000 kg/hr treats a liquid product from a plant and
recovers 90% of the metal in the pure form. The unrecovered metal and its associated liquid are sent
to a disposal unit along with the untreated product from the plant (See figure below). Find the flow
rate (m6) and the weight fraction of the metal (w6). The liquid product flow rate is 7500 kg/hr of
composition 0.1 (wt fraction). Assume steady state.
(2-Marks)
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10
45%
6.4g
1.22
9.99 to
10.01
32.0 to
38.0
3.27mg/L
0.286
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
48
49
50
58
59
60
---------------------------------SAMPLE--------------------41
42
43
44
45
46
47
---------------------------------SAMPLE--------------------51
52
53
54
55
56
57
---------------------------------SAMPLE--------------------
ANS -1 : 45.5%
EXP:
Basis: 100 kmol of fresh feed (F). It contains 96 kmol A and 4 kmol inert.
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109.8 59.8
100 45.53%
109.8
ANS-2 : 6.4g
EXP: Phenol removed from warts water = 0.04 0.008 = 0.032 mol
0.032
g solid required
q
(i)
q 0.025C1/3
q 0.025(0.008)1/3
q 0.005
[Given]
0.032 0.032
6.4 g
q
0.005
Explanations-2014
3.
kg moisture
kg dry solid
To make all the moisture contents satisfy the above form, they must be divided form Ws.
Constant drying time = 5hr (Given)
For the constant drying rate Regime
tc
Ws
( xi xc )
AN c
Where NC Constant drying rate from the above formula, we can calculate ANC by putting
.u
.15
, xC
ws
ws
tc = 5hr
ANC = 1/20 (calculated value)
xi
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x x*
Ws
( xC x* ) Ln C
AN C
x f x*
t f 1.22hr
4.
5.
t f (20)(.15) Ln(1.5)
9.99 to 10.01
32.0 to 38.0
Explanations-2013
6.
Feed (F)
Reject (R)
RO
CF = 2 mg/L
Mass balance F = P + R
Given: R = 0.6 F
F = P + 0.6 F
P = 0.4F
(i)
(ii)
CR
2 0.04
3.27 mg/ L
0.6
7.
f F 2 [P f F] C P
fF2=P+fF
CP 1
(Given)
FB
5mol / sec
FA
FA 1mol / sec
A is completely converted
Assume separator separatesall C FC 1mol / sec
Overall Material Balance across the dotted circle
FA FFB FC FPG
FRG
FB - FFB
YRB
FRG
4 given
FPG
FPG 2 from Question
50
(1)
FB - FFB 5 2 3
FRG
8
8
FB 5mol / sec
given
FFB 2mol / sec
Explanations - 2011
10.(A)
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N2 3H2 2NH3
Basis: 100 moles of feed
As yield of ammonia =0.45 mol/mol of fresh feed
135
mole
2
135 1
135
mole
2 0.2 0.4
135 135
Moles of H2 Coming out from separator
=270
0.4
2
Moles of H2 in fresh feed 0.75 100 75mol
135
In recycle moles of H 2
- 75 262.5mol
0.4
moles of H 2 entering
7.5
100 10%
75
...(1) ; 1
2 b
So N 2 supplied 2.4
0.8
9.6 mole
0.2
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2 2
mole of CO
1
1 6 2 ...(4)
mole of CO2
1
3
From above two equation (3) and (4)
1 0.6 2 0.1
O2 consumed
O2 sup plied
= 0.625
Explanations 2010
12. (C)
Csol .
5 mol solute
kg solvent
Means Csol .
Csol
0.25
kg solvent kg solvent 1000 mol solute k mol solute
kg solvent
0.25 kg solute
kg solute
0.20
125 kg solvent
kg solution
kg solvent
kg solvent
1000 mol solute k mol solute
Ratio
21 moles O2
21
87.10 23.15 mol O2
79 mol N 2
79
10.53
0.45
23.15
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