The heart is a muscular organ in humans and other animals, which pumps blood through

the blood vessels of the circulatory system.[1] Blood provides the body with oxygen and nutrients,
and also assists in the removal of metabolic wastes.[2] The heart is located in the middle
compartment of the mediastinum in the chest.
The lung is the essential respiration organ in many air-breathing animals, including
most tetrapods, a few fish and a few snails. In mammals and the more complex life forms, the
two lungs are located near the backbone on either side of the heart. Their principal function is to
transport oxygen from the atmosphere into the bloodstream, and to release carbon dioxide from
the bloodstream into the atmosphere. A large surface area is needed for this exchange of gases
which is accomplished by the mosaic of specialized cells that form millions of tiny, exceptionally
thin-walled air sacs calledalveoli.
Capillaries (/kplriz/ in US; /kplriz/ in UK) are the smallest of a body's blood
vessels (and lymph vessels) that make up themicrocirculation. Their endothelial linings are only
one cell layer thick. These microvessels, measuring around 5 to 10 micrometres (m) in
diameter, connect arterioles and venules, and they help to enable the exchange of
water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and many other nutrients and waste substances between
the blood and the tissues[3] surrounding them. Lymph capillaries connect with larger lymph
vessels to drain lymphcollected in the microcirculation.
Right atrium: The right upper chamber of the heart. The right atrium receives deoxygenated
blood from the body through the vena cava and pumps it into the right ventricle which then sends
it to the lungs to be oxygenated.
Left atrium: The upper right chamber of the heart. The left atrium receives oxygenated blood
from the lungs and pumps it down into the left ventriclewhich delivers it to the body.
Right ventricle: The lower right chamber of the heart that receives deoxygenated blood from the
right atrium and pumps it under low pressure into the lungs via the pulmonary artery.
Left ventricle: The left lower chamber of the heart that receives blood from the left atrium and
pumps it out under high pressure through the aorta to the body.
In the circulatory system, veins (from the Latin vena) are blood vessels that carry blood toward
the heart. Most veins carry deoxygenated blood from the tissues back to the heart; exceptions are
the pulmonary and umbilical veins, both of which carry oxygenated blood to the heart. In
contrast to veins, arteries carry blood away from the heart. Veins are less muscular than arteries
and are often closer to the skin. There are valves in most veins to prevent backflow.
Arteries (from Greek (artria), meaning "windpipe, artery")[1] are blood vessels that
carry blood away from the heart. While most arteries carry oxygenated blood, there are two
exceptions to this, the pulmonary and the umbilical arteries. The effective arterial blood
volume is that extracellular fluid which fills the arterial system.