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CORNELL
UNIVERSITY
LIBRARY
,
I
GIFT OF
I-irs
Garl Vail
'
QUEEN MOO
AND
AUGUSTUS LE PLONGEON,
M.D.
AUTHOR OF
'
SECOND EDITION
NEW YORK
1900
Co.,
Paternoster House
1896,
by Auotrsnjs Le Plongeon,
Washing1n
Press of J.
.T.
Astor Place,
Little
&
Co.
New York
jr
'
'*.
>
TO
ALICE
D.
MY
WIFE,
LE PLONGEON,
WORK
IS
AUGUSTUS LE PLONGEON,
Brooklyn, Febbdary
15, 1896.
M.D.
LIST OF
AUTHORS QUOTED.
Chou-King.
Chronicles.
Cicero,
Ancona, Eligio.
Clement of Alexandria.
Clement of Rome.
Aristotle.
B.
Marcus
Tullius.
Codex Cortesianus.
Cogolludo, Diego Lopez
Bancroft.
Colebrooke, H. T.
Confucius
de.
Kong-foo-tse.
Berosus.
Bhagavata, Purana.
Birch, Henry.
Blavatsky, H. P.
Brasseur de Bourbourg.
Brinton, Daniel G.
British
De
Book
of.
Diodorus Siculus.
Dion Cassius.
D'Orbigny, Alcide Dessalines.
Brugsch, Henry.
Cartaud de
D.
Daniel,
Du
Chaillu, Paul.
la Villate.
E.
Chablas.
Champollion Figeac.
Champollion le Jeune.
Pliili-
bert.
Ellis,
William.
Eusebius.
Lenormant, Francois.
Le Plongeon, Alice D.
Le Plongeon, Augustus.
F.
Flaubert, Uustave.
Leviticus,
G.
Book
of.
Lizana, Bernardo.
Garcilasso de la Vega.
London Times.
Book of.
Gordon Gumming,
Lyell, Charles.
Lucius
Genesis,
C. F.
nL
(Pope).
Grose, Henry.
M.
Macrobius.
H.
Haeckel, Ernest.
Haliburton, R. G.
Herodotus.
Herrera, Antonio dc.
Manava-Dharma-Sastra.
Marco Polo.
Marcoy, Paul (Lorenzo de
Markham, Clement R.
^Matthew's Gospel.
Jlolina, Cristoval de.
Homer.
Jloore, Thomas.
Moses de Leon.
Horapollo.
Horrack.
Miiller,
Friedrich Maximilian.
Rfigis.
Isaiah,
Book
N.
New York
Herald.
of.
O.
J.
Joshua,
St. Bricq).
Book
of.
Ramon
de.
Ovidius.
K.
Kenrick, John.
Kings, n.
Book
Paley, Dr.
of.
Pausauias.
Philostratus.
Piazzi S:nyth, C.
Pictet, Adolplie.
Pierrot.
Sclater, P. L.
Plinius.
Seiss,
Plutarch.
Squier,
Popol-Vuh.
Porphyry.
Stephens, John L.
Proclus.
Strabo.
Joseph Augustus.
George E.
St. Hilaire,
Barth616my.
Procopius.
R.
Tertullian.
Ranking, Jolin.
Rau, Charles.
Rawlinsou, George.
Rawliuson, Sir Henry.
Renan, Ernest.
Theopoinpus de Quio.
Thucydides.
Torquemada, Juan de.
Troano MS.
Two
Chelas.
Rig-veda.
Ripa, Father.
PWlipp
Robertson, William.
Valentini,
Rochefort.
Valmiki, Ramayana.
Rockhill Woodville,
J. J.
W.
W.
Ward, William.
Wheeler,
J.
Talboys.
Wilson, John.
Wiittke, Heinrich.
Sayce, A. H.
Y.
Schelllias.
Schoolcraft,
Henry R.
Young, Dr.
ILLUSTRATIONS.
& Co., of New York, from photograpJis and
drawings hy the author.
Engraved hy F. A. Ringler
I.
....
....
....
Fossil Shells
Map
Maya Empire,
xviii
of
Islanders.
VII. Serpent
Heads found
in
Atlas
VIII. Serpent
...
....
CoU's
...
...
.....
One
of
the
XV.
XVI.
XVII.
XVIII.
XIX.
XIV.
11
.... ...
...
.
12
13
14
16
17
33
.36
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
^^^^
PLATES
Vincent.
St.
58
63
From Edwards's
64
69
leau
...
Uxmal
XXV.
XXVI.
77
Maya
Portrait of a
Nobleman
called
Palenque
Cancoli.
81
bas-
XXVII.
Portrait of a
Maya
on one of the
Memorial Hall
Nobleman
called
Clliich.
...
Maya
relief
Coh's
82
Bas-relief on
Chieftain called Cul.
XXVIII. Portrait of
one of the jambs of the entrance to the funeral chamber
in Prince Coil's Memorial Hall
XXIX. Priest and Devotee. Sculptured slab from Manchg, now
in the British
XXX.
Museum
...
...
...
XXXII.
A Maya
Matron.
One
Memorial Hall
Used in religious ceremonies
XXXIV. Slab from Altar in the Temple of God of Rain. Palenque
XXXV. Restoration of the Portico of Prince Coil's Memorial Hall.
Drawing by the author
XXXVI. Fish. Bas-relief from Pontiff Cay's Mausoleum at Chi-
Caiiob
Vase.
clien
XXXVII
XXXVIII
82
84
84
86
109
130
.121
Hall.
funeral
chamber
in
made by
tlie author
Fresco Painting in Funeral Cliamber in Prince Coil's 5Iemorial Hall. Queen Sldo when yet a young girl consult-
'
XXXIX.
82
....
82
supporting the
of the atlantes
XXXIII.
82
bas-
122
128
130
.131
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
PAGE
PLATES
his
Statue of Prince
among
132
of Ka-
.133
iu Funeral
Chamber
in Prince
Coh's Me-
133
XLV.
134
134
135
XLVIH. Fresco
Painting in Funeral Chamber in Prince Coil's Memorial Hall. Prince Coll in Battle
.
in
136
Warriors, abandoned by
its
Inhabitants
137
morial Hall.
Memorial Hall.
138
Prince
139
LII.
.....
143
146
147
the author
147
155
LVIH.
...
155
157
157
158
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
PLATES
LXn.
FAOB
Dying Sphinx
(a
human head)
Coh's Mausoleum
leopard with a
that was
Edward Wilson, by
LXV.
his permission
Moo. From
Queen
Portrait of
....
LXVI.
159
159
a demi-relief adorning
House
158
Uxmal
166
Landa,
Portrait of Bishop
....
...
;
bishop
LXVn. Autograph
The
.169
Lopez de Cogoliudo.
in the possession of the present Bishop of
original
is
Yucatan
173
....
Kabul
at Izamal.
A Human
in the Funeral
Sacrifice
Chamber
LXX.
Jlemorial Hall.
232
Coh's
Mirror
LXXI. Part
197
of Prince Coil's
233
PREFACE,
" To accept any authority as final, and
to
(Man hy two
Chelas.)
" What you have learned, verify hy experience, otherwise learning is vain."
{Indian Saying.)
In questions of history
I
They are therefore out of place.
draw their own inferences from the facts
leave
my
readers to
Whatever be
is
no concern
neither
One
of mine.
mine
their conclu-
thing, however,
is
certain
A record
of
The study
in situ
of the
relics of
the ancient
Mayas
has
and customs,
and the
lan-
PREFACE.
yiii
that
my
it
merely
eflfeots
of
must
it is
to-day to that of
and
still is,
from Asia.
human
True, there
if
now known
population, therefore
is
its civili-
They
came from
consequence.
humanity
is
who
and Barthelemy
Saint-Hilaire,
who
place
it
Eenan
in the region of
''
Gar-
by P.
L. Sclater, Avhich
HaeckeP
and
their advocates
believes
continent invented
mere
The
lies
under
is,
know no more
man
first
appeared on earth than the new-born babe Icnows of his surroundings or how he came.
this
vol.
ii.,
p. 336.
PREFACE.
forget that
America
planet
all
leading geologists
the oldest
is
known
now
ous parts of
far distant
it,
IX
human
from each
man
Furthermore,
scientists, that
it
is
now
on every part of
it
where
logical conditions,
animal
cies
to
life
its
peculiar environments.
The
Maya
Mayacli
that
is,
"the land
Mayas
their people
It
is
and
their country ?
among
its
man was
most ancient
PREFACE.
X
inhabitants; and that
with
its
development.
self-preservation,
nations,
men
its
concomitant, civilization,
When,
grew apace
which
a desire to
it
The
composed.
it is
The
commemo-
art of
drawing
incidents regarded as
we
stone.
And
it is
that
rec-
so
Mayas,
Mayas
that
monumental
we must
turn
inscriptions
we wish
if
of the
the beginning of
at
our
written
history.
Historians
role that in
man
in
we can
Mayas
with them.
This fact
is
versality of the
indeed no
new
revelation, as
PREFACE.
known by
xi
it
is to-
in Japan, the
known
ment and
Maya Empire.
Wherever
wisdom, and
found, the
The
to us as Central America,
name
The
which in those
Maya
is
of Yucatan.
learning.
existence of
more a
remote that the " sun had not yet risen above the
Mayas,
horizon," the
great
navigators,
warriors,
terrible
In the
classic authors,
mention of the great Saturnian continent, distant many thousand stadia from the Pillars of Hercules toward the setting
sun.
famed Greek
when
the
Christian era),
Sonchis, a priest of
him
Sais,
also Psenophis, a
Lands of
West " had been interrupted because of the mud that had
made the sea impassable after the destruction of Atlantis by
the
earthquakes.
'
'
De
Facie in Orbe
all
he had
PREFACE.
xii
learned concerning
at
Carthage
visited
by Carthaginians a
few years before the inditing of Plato's "Atlantis," the portraits of men with long beards and Phoenician features, discovered by
me
castle at
in 1875, sculptured
Chichen, bear
witness.
"a
as
it
equable."
Procopius, alluding to
it,
says
varied
by
it is
several thousand
stadia
is
is
sea, into
which a
tude,
says:
"Compared with
it,
our world
is
magni-
its
but a small
island;
and he
it "as a very
by abundant streams; "
represents
it,
by the Senate
of Carthage
toward the year 509 b.c, intended to stem the current of emigration that had set toward the Western Lands, as they feared
it
belief in the
greatest scholars of
at the head of
antiquity,
in
scientists
was learned
The
of the Atlantic,
was
city.
consequence of
even as far
who during
known
down
as
seis-
Athens, and
'
'
Com-
PREFACE.
xiii
"The famous
MarceUus,
who wrote
a history of Ethiopian
it
affairs,
denced by those
who composed
Atlantis
evi-
it is
sea, for
memory
governing for
From
many
this isle
one
of the prodigious
by
their ancestors,
magnitude
and of
its
may
firjn
is
the true
sea."
It is well to notice that, like all the
have
the
^^
Land of Mu,"
dence, or was
it
Can
this
be a mere coinci-
these writers ?
Inquiries are often
made
is
had
mud
to
sea-
suffi-
PREFACE.
xiv
These causes
tian era.*
Carthage, of
its
commerce and
Publius Scipio.
the
fall of
may
navigators.
After
many
to their
own
Roman Em-
Carthaginians
countries
their
became
discoveries
of distant
weU-nigh forgotten.
On
and transatlantic
the other hand,
their discoveries as
secret as
possible.
gered
among
civilizations,
still lin-
people.
If
we
and
They consequently destroyed all vesmeans of culture. They closed the acade-
of
"
;;
PREFACE.
their researches
XV
in all branches of
human knowledge
by the waters
(the
They depopu-
of the Mediterranean
intellectual
by the
scientific
followers of
Ma-
attainments illumined
Holy
Inquisition established
worthy
by Pope Lucius
The
III.
II.
as pupils
of Moorish philosophers,
of the
Church
tuition
knowledge
of medicine, geographj'',
and the
Abundant proofs
ancient
Mayas
Europe are
cities.
with the
to be found
of the
among
and
is
Athens.
pyramid of Ghizeh,
Although architecture
'The Acts
is
in the
famed Parthenon
of
verse 19.
PREFACE.
xvi
is
easily-
it,
study of
my
Maya
monuments
now
observations
may
principaUy to
the Memorial
wife Queen
Mdo
restricting
Coh hy
Hall at
his sister-
In the
first
own
life,
lives
just as the
Egyptian
their tombs.
Language
is
present instance,
beings,
by
when
inhabiting
Maya,
still
In the
spoken by thousands of
human
few books
that have
come
to our hands,
of the ancient
Avill
Maya
sages
from
and cosmogonic
architecture,
and a host
notions,
their traditions,
customs,
on
PREFACE.
My readers
will
xvii
this assertion.
The reading
Maya
of the
inscriptions
come
many
by
them
many
For
as inexplicable myths.
instance,
we
find in
Moo
Queen
actly to that of
it
by me, preserved
in a
ousy,
we
are told,
and because
government.
whom
his
was
killed
by
He made war
through
his brother
murderer wished to
jeal-
own
sister,
we
meaning
of the tree
woman by
ing of a
fruit, as
all
This offer-
fruit.
common
of the
Mayas,
it
Egjj^ptians,
how
and
presents in the
still
are,
But
made
speculations
Queen
M6o
It
is
on
faith of
this story
of
PREFACE.
xviii
purposely
disfigured
her husband
who made
priest Hilkiah,
the
woman
and to
dah,
become
that
its
many
atrocious
crimes.
Maya
writings
we
much mooted
question
among modern
In these
that
also
the ex-
scientists
istence, destruction,
Of
four millions of
human
descriptions in the
are illustrated
sixty-
Maya
language.
Two
of these narratives
which perished
The
Cliictien, where
it
in
on stone
a room in a building
at
of
Mayach,
of
an
epic
poem, in the
Maya
language.
is
the
of miles
Each
name
form
line of said
of one of the
from
era,
it,
four
under the
archonship of Euclydes.
'
3 Kings,
iii.
et
Plate I.
PREFACE.
xix
finding
Mu,
shelter
some
in
was
in the
hope of
Land of
of
Moo
Aac, Queen
The
Nile.
settlers
open arms,
her with
received
called
(/sis),
their
queen.
were placed
his
memory
in
which
monmnent was
human head
mausoleum
Once
veritable sphinx.
On
his totem, a
established in the
again
a leopard with
memory among
his
human head
her followers?
to
The names
preserve
inscribed on
Through the
ture.
enigma of
ancient
history.
Maya
ages, this
Has
archives
its
first
ered by me.
They
will be
the
tree
Mayas,
re-discov-
time in modern
many
by the
and
origin
of the worship
of the
PREFACE.
XX
Angor-Thora,
ac-cliapat
to
of the
Akkad and
Cambodia,
in the city of
to Babylon.
carried
its
Ah-
worship
we
hy
all civilized
in their
not reckon by tens but by fives and twenties; and whj' they
used the twenty-milHonth part of half the meridian as stand-
monumental
inscriptions carved
Mayas
aces of the
is
explanations as wiU
tions,
on the same
make
my own
do not ask
men
pal-
likewise contained
I venture only such
my
of India, Chaldea,
my readers
to accept
d priori
" Verify hy experience what you have learned ; " then, and only
then, tovm your own opinion.
When formed, hold fast to it,
although
it
may
In
have
illustrated this
book
Avith
photographs taken in
situ,
it is
not
diificult to ascertain.
This
is
PREFACE.
xxi
proper
its
And
on American archseology.
ties
it
so
it
me
it is,
may
be
Mine
indeed.
enmity and
their
conse-
its
quences.
is
misfortune,
mj'-
Certainly
and
my
may
be inquired.
judg-
civilization, but,
American
do they know
them
refuse
it.
On what ground
can those
who have
and manners,
Do
Maya
Can they
language?
interpret
Maya
sages, their
recorded ?
From what
of
the
Spanish
chroniclers,
source have
JSTot
surely.
from the
These
onljr
whose
information
the
by
fire
the
Maya
in
lib. iv.,
cap.
iii.,
p.
177.
'
PREFACE.
xxii
He
Mayas.
tory of the
kingdom
settled in this
says:
"Of
who
the peoples
hisfirst
have been unable to obtain any other data than those which
The Spanish chroniclers do not give one reliable
follow."
I
admiration to
them
as they are to
modern
travellers.
We do
who
of
the
not Tcnow.
The
oppose
so-called
new
ideas
learned
men
of
these.
and
universities
of intelligent
first to
This opposition
and
self-conceit of
generalitj''
all
it;
ijyse
dixit of
any quidam
men no
until intelligent
longer
to accept
any authority
as
filial,
and to dispense
which cannot
this principle is
is
keep a
man
destructive
is
a princi-
in everlasting ignorance;
'
PREFACE.
The
question
is
many
but
man's
of
was
be to mankind? "
there are
xxiii
Of what
To some,
who would
be glad to
know
the origin of
myths or
legends,
as basis
and
many
secutions.
source whence
emanated
many
intellectual,
all
those
work
of him,
way
man's physical,
of
to free his
mind from
what he claims
of creation on earth;
Mayachnot
that have
superstitions
obstacles in the
known
reli-
India
is
also
to
to be,
make
of nations.
whose power
it is
to do
it,
Mayas,
by individuals commissioned by
Avails of
the
certain institutions in
hand
of ignorance, thus
making themselves
guiltj' of
Perhaps also
libraries
of the
Avill
be
Maya
felt
at the
hands
PREFACE.
xxiv
and Egypt
in very
"the exalted
and
as missionaries of religion
civilization,
went
to
Burmah,
work aR
their civilizing
At
Maya
inscriptions
and books
is
of
at,
Maya
or in
sjnnbols
Kabul
adorned the
human
temple of
Izamal.
at
it is
ratic
Maya
who
b)'^
the aid of a
1.
Any
Maya
one
diffi-
diction-
Egyptians must have learned the art of writing from the same
Who
masters.
uments
of
were these ?
2.
the
self-styled
'
authorities
Egyptian
on
Maya
Maya
civilization.
hienitic alphabet
3.
That
Introduction, p.
xii.
PREFACE.
nothing
now
stands in the
way
xxy
of acquiring a perfect
knowledge
receive the
Mayas.
spirit.
New
York, January,
1896.
INTRODUCTION.
OEIGIN OF THE NAME MAYACH.
justly regai-ded
is liter allj'
numerous antique
majestic
cities,
now
temples,
stately
palaces,
statues of priests
Among
museums.
these the
bas-reliefs, inscrip-
its
cosmogonical
its
INTRODUCTION.
xxviii
people,
inviting decipherment,
The
traveller.
attract
geological formation of
its
stony
soil,
so full of
its
modern
geologists
diversified,
hand
its
inhabited
whilst
fish
are
its flora
yet to be studied by
of naturalists.
The
ignorant,
who
avaricious,
equal
if
and
ilization
by Christian conquerors,
and the
ethnologist.
monks
Almighty by destroying a
and 86
50'
is
civ-
fuU of interest
Situated between 18
and 90
35' of longi-
Bishop Landa
name
of
the turkey).'
U-luumil cutz
U-luumil
(the land of
Juan Diaz
'
'
Solis
i.
chap,
ii.,
p. 6.
and
INTRODUCTION.
xxix
make known
tells
its
eastern coasts in
their discovery.^
when Columbus,
us that
Can
(serpent)
sula,
many
One
own
name
of the Great
The
tree).^
penin-
who had
given a peculiar
title
district
was
called
Maya
by
navigators.
known
in
district,
Mayapan, how-
on.^
of
Among
to
have known
its
Maya.
true origin.
None, how-
The reason
is
very
simple.
At
'
islas
Decada
Ibid.
Landa, Relacion,
di.Y,
1, lib. 5,
cap. 13.
ii.
lib. iv.,
cap.
iii.,
p. 179.
See Appen-
'
INTRODUCTION.
XXX
and
the west.
came
modern computers.
by the invad-
As a natural consequence
ers, of Chichen-Itza, then
of the destruction,
colleges, and became wanThen the arts and sciences soon declined;
degeneracy came that of civilization. Civil war
with their
memberment
of the
and
dis-
political strife,
Mayapan
Cocomesin
its
foundation.^
Maya History,
Maya
civiliza-
p. 54.
"
lib. iv.
trees,
cap.
179.
trees,
INTRODUCTION.
tion, the old traditions
and
lore
figured.
xxxi
dis-
and
superstitions,
were trans-
The ancient
libraries
be written.
the Dresden
MSS. seem
tain, besides
some
to belong to
Mayas
rites,
the laws of the land; and the vestiges of the science and knowl-
some
from father
to son.^
some
among
by word
lingered
of mouth,
new
still
in
known
to
many
of the nobil-
remained in usage.
ity,
With the
knowledge
disappeared.
ples
'
of
mode
of writing
had
of the tem-
in those characters,
were no
iii.
Lizana (chap.
autores que
8), Ilistoria
podemos
"
La
historia y
los sacerdotes
de sus
'
INTRODUCTION.
xxxii
were sworn
the tenets of
we have
walls
The names of the builders, their histhe phenomena of nature they had witnessed,
the religion they had professed aU contained,
to secrecy.
tory, that of
as
were as
titudes
who
much a mystery
which have
since contemplated
ruins
objects
lived in
memory
of
their
of those
had been
thej'^
Mayas,
who
built them,
Yet before
erected.
their eyes
were
their
human
then suffered so
much
do
men of
of many
age.
with rev-
still,
]3ast
the present
apartments,
But these
eran
Landa, Relacion dc his Cosas (p. 338): " Que cstos edificios
it xii por todos,
sin aver menioria de los fuudadores."
.\i
lU'
Izaiiud
INTRODUCTION.
much enigmas
entists are not
as they are
to-day.
Still
and
travellers
sci-
by the same
xxxiii
"that
it is
not
'
regardless of CogoUudo's
known who
and
when
"That
as
they had
if
them,
live in
scarcely a
day
little
excellence of
the
Yucatan, Cogolludo,
memory
after
was
" Of the
torians,
the primitive inhabitants of the country, the events that transpired in remote ages,
and ancient
'
sir6
'
vol.
Ilistoria de Yucathan,
ii.,
p. 458.
lib. iv.,
p. 177.
'
lib. iv.,
chap,
iii.,
ii.
p. 177.
chap,
DSiii.,
INTRODUCTION.
xxxiv
concerned, seeing that CogoUudo says they were unable to pro" It seems to me that it
cure any information on the subject.
is
some might
tension
its
desire,
and the countries whence they may have come, for it would be
difficult for me to ascertain now that which so many learned
men were
even inquiring with great diligence, as they affirm, particularly since there exist
from
first settlers
whom
who imported
and
in
they are
the faith,
aU char-
which were
'
rites."
Those who undertook to write the narrative of the Conquest and the history of the country, in order to procure the
this,
had naturally
knowledge sought.
It
may
whom
inquiries were made were descendants of the Kahuatls, ignorant of the ancient history of the Mayas. Others may have
been some of the Mexican mercenaries who dwelt on the coasts,
them intimate
allies
first,
had main-
'
longing to
Srs.
INTRODUCTION.
xxxv
Fearing that
if
it
might
be ascribed to unwillingness on their part to answer the questions ; dreading also to alienate the goodwill of the
long gowns,
with
the thunderbolts
ters of the
men
atrocious torments
their
tales
with which
childhood.
stories
were
down
set
as
undoubted
tradi-
Later on,
natives
who
ditions,
and
when
really possessed a
knowledge
feed-
ing the flames with them, notwithstanding the earnest protestations of the owners, invented plausible tales
tioned,
tell
invited,
facts, unwilling, as
when
ques-
they were, to
they went
the virgins
'
'
slaughtering the
men
*
;
de
'
lib. ii.,
,
chap,
vi., p.
77.
p. 84, et passim.
Bernal Diez
sas,
p. 84.
las Indias,
cap. 27, p. 4.
'
Hid.
lib. iii.,
chap,
xi.,
p. 151.
Landa, Las
INTRODUCTION.
xxxvi
^
an
were likenesses of the only true God and of his mother
assertion that seemed most absurd to those worshippers of the
sun,
celestial bodies,
who
regarded
Ku,
the
by
lashes, torture,
their hbraries
lib.
illus-
venerated, the
147.
Landa, Las
Landa, Las
tlie
city of
rezelo de esta idolatria, hizo juntar todos los libros y caracteres antiguos
que los indios tenian, y por quitarles toda ocasion y memoria de sus antiguos ritos, quautos se pudieron hallar, se quemaron publicamente el dia del
auto y a las bueltas con cllos sus historias de antiguedades " (lib. vi., chap,
i.,
p. 309).
INTRODUCTION.
sciences of their wise
it
tory
of
hated,
who
xxxvii
and
their people,
tell
treat as friends
men who
autonomy
men whom
heart of hearts?
their
men
up
brought misery
Now that
they
land.^
to persuade
must be forgotten;
in fact,
not
among
the least
He
likes best
notwith-
them, and cause them to forget and forego the customs and
manners
are said
of
their forefathers.^
to le
To-day,
when
the aborigines
and
posed to confer on
men born
all
is
sup-
away from
the haunts
sim.
practices
lib.
ii.,
'
"
Las
leyes
mas en orden
that even
now
et
linger
passim
lib. v.,
et jias-
INTRODUCTION.
xxxviii
among them,
may
still
Their confidence
of their blood
him
in,
their respect
and friendship
for,
one not
iar signs
fathers.
all
Maya
France, England,
As from
etc.
new homes
civilized
of Spain,
birth,
go
still
have car-
religion, civiliza-
mother country to
happened with the
'
names
See
Appendix,
new abodes
their
Mayas
note
iv.
at
so
we may imagine
it
in the past.
lib. v.,
cap.
John
ii.,
INTRODUCTION.
xxxix
For
word
the
if
name
Kamon
was given
on
Maya
its surface,
vocables
it
water."
own pet idea, combats such explanaand says: "The country is far from being
devoid of water.
Its soil is
streams."
word
by subterranean
of the
be the " mother of the waters " or
ma-y-a"
she
Ancona,^
cielo
city.
'
'
Ancona
(Eligio), Hist.
deYucatan, vol.
i.,
chap.
i.
ii.,
p. 398,
Troano MS.
v.
INTRODUCTION.
xl
"
their brains
nonsense," he says,
work
What
word Maya,
knows
name of
that everybody
Mayab,
the ancient
the country."
document; he merely
by any known
Maya
refers to the
He
historical
dictionary of Pio
is
likewise silent as
to the source
mind
of their
his infor-
all
Herrera ^ says
it
was
called
Can
of the
but
Beb
we
(a
very thorny
see in the
whole of the
tree),
and the
Maya
peninsula alone.
hand
ment
at etymologizing.
of Lizana
this
is
true, that at
is
tries
statediffer-
ent tribes had invaded the country and that one of these tribes
Mayab
as
he
was meant
says, of
I myself,
word
on the strength
of their ancestors
by the
of the
name given
Egjrptians,
to the birthplace
'
1, lib. 7,
chap. 17.
INTRODUCTION.
xli
porousness
wordMayab is
" It
is
very
difficult,
Mayab,
to
know
positively
why
country.
absorbent quality of
its
stony
soil,
which
and cool,
is
When
in
an incredibly short
where
it
MS.
value.
its historical
I was therefore
The discovery of a
It
Mu,"
of islands
known
was no
less
Land
of
astonished than
life
of the per-
among
them
at
Chichen
'
ii.,
INTRODUCTION.
xlii
and
is
Uxmal, whose
and temples
mural paintings,
still
adorn-
time the author of the Troano MS. wrote his book, into the
gods of the elements, and made the agents who produced
the terrible earthquakes that shook parts of the " Lands of the
West
'
'
them
to be engulfed
by the
Troano MS. gives in his work the adjoining map (Plate II.) of the " Land of the Beb " (mulberry tree),
the Maya Empire.^ In it he indicates the localities which
The author
of the
still
He
'
south,
'
in his book,^
'
'
By this
ser-
as
by
he gives the
this
mon ogram
mind
of his readers
Caribbean Sea
figured
by the image
animal
will plainly
is
typical of the
of
an animal resem-
It is well to
submerged Antillean
'
Ibid., vol.
i.,
part
ii.,
ii.,
plates
ii.,
pi. x.
iii.,
iv.
remark that
valleys, as
it
Page
xlii.
Plate II.
'
INTRODUCTION.
The
As
nal.
xliii
in our topographical
and
of the water-
The
known
guished volcano
mark
Maya
They
whose
'
'
radical
mighty
The
is
The
in motion.
Maya
Gulf, indi-
of a serpent
is
the
'
serpent.
drawing
lines of the
which corresponds
m ore
is
=J
circles,
is
images of volcanoes.
composed of two
and Greek
letter
letters
/\,
A, so entwined
equivalent to
as to
R^^5)
Maya
it
ach,
it
may
name May-
It will
zontal branch of a tree are identical with those placed vertically against the trunk, but in
an inverted
position.
It
is,
in
INTRODUCTION.
xliv
fact, the
left,
Of
epoch referred
since the
place,
and the
Maya
author, it
course,
outlines
particularly in the
by consulting
to'
In order to
the tableau.
maps made by
conquest.
and
Gulf of Mexico, being copied from that published by the Bureau of Hydrography at "Washington,
rate (Plate III.).
On
it
may be regarded
as accu-
lines, figures
why
the
Maya
Mayach
and
is,
in
an easterly
glance at the
Lands"
Antillean
direction.
map
of the
"Drowned
Valleys of the
by Professor
J. "VV.
America"
which
is
reproduced
not
of
the
far
ancient
Maya
modern
times,
in
their
knowledge,
at
least,
of
those
Page
xliv.
Plate III.
^^^
Page
xliv.
Plate IV.
INTRODUCTION.
xlv
these words
mean
If,
however,
we
inter-
Next
to
it,
on the
that
it
is
the
left, is
"kingdom
the
of
is
the kingdom.
Mayach," which
indicates
will be-
we
Avill
it
and
also
^
/
|
<^~-^
is
The character
that of the king whose emblem it is.
stands for ahau, the word for Icing, and we have already
map (Plate IV.) was constructed by Professor J. W. Spenown original researches and geological studies in the
island of Cuba and in Central America, aided by the deep-sea soundings made
It
in 1878 by Commander Bartlett of the United States steamship Blake.
'
Tlie adjoining
bean Sea, he mentioned tlie existence of very profound valleys covered by its
waters, revealed by the sound. I informed him tliat I had become cognizant
of tliat fact, having found it mentioned by the author of that ancient Maya
book known to-day as Troano MS. If my memory serves me right, I showed
him the maps drawn by the writer of that ancient book, and made on a map
in my copy of Bowditch's Navigation an approximate tracing of the submerged valleys in the Caribbean Sea, in explanation of the Maya maps,
showing why they symbolized said sea by the figure of an animal resembling a deer which may have been the reason why they called the country
U-Iuumil cell, the " land of the deer."
INTRODUCTION.
xlvi
surrounded ^^ by water,"
'
'
(the peninsula of
land near,
as the Empire of
in,
Mayach
and
I answer.
and
In a very
Maya people
their language.
emblem represented on
Chichen.
read
U-luumil kin,
The
said escutcheon
the
It is easily
'
'
Land
of the
Sun."
The kings
of
Mayach,
like
those
spirit,
Maya
word
and, in a boasting
title of
Sun."
Kin
title of
is
the
for sun.
As
But kin
in
is
also the
relifi-ion,
as in
our times the Queen in England, the Czar in Kussia, the Sultan
in Turkey, etc.
The title Yax-kiu may therefore have been
applied,
among
the
Mayas,
to the king
INTRODUCTION.
and
my rendering
of the
xlvii
that of Landa.
with
conflict
fco
The trunk
by the beb
the image of
is
north to south.
They gave
Volcanoes.
chain
is,
as
it
were,
of Darien, to the
in the character
its
it
life,
It terminates at the
backbone.
nri
\_)
south.
This
is
why
is,
branch, the
of Yucatan,
legend,
peninsula
is
in
trunk of the
an
tree,
planted
represented
is
is
the drawing,
the tree
This
Isthmus
by
this
in the verti-
by
slight difference in
K^^pj placed
invertedf^^Sa'
This
designated the
name
of the peninsula
Maya Empire.
The motive for the slight change in the drawing is easily
The peninsula jutting out into the sea from the
explained.
by the representation
of a
yach, a
vere-
two basins
that
that
of water
is,
'
(x^^Jr,
ma;
/^\iniix, symbols
of the ^^*J^
Mexican Gulf
is in-
j<^=~^ tnim,
peninsula,
reads
p. 206.
it.
The
therefore
INTRODUCTION.
xlviii
u-Mayacli, the
shoot of the
tree.
These two
h^>i(^/M
imix
meant
is
differ
somewhat
The iniix
in shape.
by the wavy
indicated
this instance it
that close
other
it,
may
,^^-.
a-s
line
AAAA/V\, emblem
of water.
mountains in the
In
islands,
The
smaU entrance
been already
said,
same
some
It is well to notice
other.
particular
somewhat
is
it
different,
with reference
The
as
is
symbol
~^
localities in
\^ imix,
imix T
certainly be
^^
course, the
of the
Of
left,
that
Mexican Gulf
is
to the west,
of Central
it
should
America
left,
Maya
hierogrammatist
\^
is
planted.
Kan
we have
just
INTRODUCTION.
seen, but
has
it
many
other acceptations
The
"serpent."
Maya
and
rulers,
conveying the
all
^^
Maya
_^^?*^
breast,
name became
Its
a variation of can,
is
of the
xlix'
"We see
their totem.
sculptured
it
Mayach,
In
and many
other places the image of the serpent was the badge of royalty.
It
etc.
Kliam,
is
it
was embroid-
the
still
title of
the
Asia.
That the
tree ^v^^r"-^""^w
was
also
J I
as symbol of the
there can be
f 3
no doubt.
takes
Beb
pains
\D
(the beb
The
sign
is
used
of
^ ^ uuc
,
Can.
kancab.
among the Mayas,
arable land,
try,
Empire,
fact,
it
O O
dots
So we have seven
"
is
why
must
fertile lands.
kingdom.
of
himself
inform us of the
to
ixaacal
He
Maya
it is
Can,
vol.
i.,
p.
163
(illust.).
INTRODUCTION.
kan,
also,
It will be
kan
is
the
word
for
it
has
been replaced by ix /6S\ (" north,") which sign has been inthus ^\ to show
corporated with the ^Qy sign, toeb,
^q^
that this
that
is,
is
>0^
of
the
^o'
tree
of the country.
There remains to be f^XXr^ explained what may be considered, in the present y^irC iiistance, the most important
character of the tableau,
^^^^
since
it
is
the original
name
Maya
its
surroundings, as will
be shown.
of
most
interesting.
ments
among
many
lands,
island
mentioned by Plato,'
its
its
destruction
by earthquakes,
ii.,
517.
some epoch,
INTRODUCTION.
more or
must
less
li
the Nile and the peoples dwelling in the " Lands of the West "
j-l
of
the symbol
tells
us
me, or mo.
raries,^
Mayas,
or of incompetency in transmit-
gave
it
What
asserted
right, it
by Bishop Landa,
Mayas,
the
may
and perhaps
j-^
Had he
me and mo ?
insti'ucted, in the
versed,
and have
it
all
a prime duty to
their missionaries
whom
they had
them
Church ?
Who
men
ma
chiefs of the
among
to
become thoroughly
equivalent
to Chris-
Were
Maya
"
Smithsonian Contributions
to
Knowledge, chap,
v.,
Bedeutung des ZahlzeicJmns 20 in der Mayaschrift, in Verhandlungen der Berliner Oesellachaft fiXr Anthropohgie, etc., 1887, S. 237-241.
"
American Antiquarian
Spanish
Fabrication,"
in
J. J.
Vallentini,
Proceedings of the
'
INTRODUCTION.
lii
Are we not
told that
Was
he
to
still,
tells
""We
see
Egyptian
le
A,
" the
by the character
0,
I,
effectively," says
alphabet,
leaf
6>,
as the
the
and even an
(aleph) of the
A, an
Hebrews.
7",
an E,
So do we
same
in the
'
'
rush,
'
'
'
dialect
for
o,
and
o/Je-
Sitire
a.
We
have
axe "reed,"
Jwieus. ^
Champollion
Ak6
le
jeune, Precis
du Systime
Egyp-
1838.
Egyptian,
is
it
INTRODUCTION.
liii
We
its
Ss^.
relation to the
its
geometrical figure |
in
as an alphabetic
"Who can
see that
fail to
translates m,'
letter
component parts
character.
imix.
ma
mote times
j--1
acter g!*-*
M?
By
'
a strange coincidence,
is,
"The word
ma
in both languages
ronoi
'place,'
is
be simply the
if
the same in
it signifies
"earth," "place."
ChampoUion,
Young
that Dr.
asserts to
by an owl
expressed in
is
for
M, and
the
extended arm for A, which gives the Coptic word /< {ma),
"^
'site,' 'place.'
mam
hence,
Ma,
in the
Maya,
is
is
Mayas
Greek
position
its
is
abso-
it
n^n.
j-i
L,.
That word in
lutely
Bun-
'Maya
ChampoUion
lUd.,
'
'
lejeune, Precis
du Systeme
p. 125.
Troano MS., vol. i., Maya text, part ii., plates xxv.-xxvii., etpaasim.
Bunsen, Egypt's Place in Universal History, Vocabulary word Nen.
INTRODUCTION.
liv
means " mirror; " and Nen-ha, " the mirror of water," was
anciently one of the names of the Mexican Gulf.
may
This also
be a coincidence.
No
why
of
civilization,
the value of
ma. No
one can
grew from
it
infancj'^ to
maturity.
toward the setting sun when questioned concerning the fatherland of their ancestors, were ignorant of Avho they were and
Nor
did they
the inventor
"The Egyptians, who, no doubt, had forknown the name of the inventor of their
of their alphabet.
tlieir
is
evident that
we
who
TJioth,
and arts."
it
likewise
one of
was held
their alphabetical
to represent the
/
The Mayas, we are in-
M,
letter
formed,^
same
initial of their
made
word Ma.
signification.
"We
may
it
the
men
Ma,
radical of
Many
dence
it
also to the
will,
the
mind
this
may
'
"
Lauda, lielaciondc
las
all
be pure coinci-
Very
true.
Ilieroglypluque, p. 355.
xli., p.
322.
do
INTRODUCTION.
not pretend
bility, that,
it
is
not accidental.
may
become a probabil-
later
not a certainty.
ity, if
Iv
it
will
shall
become
difficult to reconcile
the mind to the belief that they are, altogether, the identical
civilization, as
way out
of bar-
ance of these
its
facts.
etc.
and to countries on
any other
characteristic; that
is,
by onomato-
poeia.
Mayas
bol rj of the
Mayach
forms no
In
fact, if
it,
and composed
its
eastern, northern,
by follow-
and western
it is
a geometri-
of straight lines,
made
That
fact alone
from
Mayas,
/-^^
sufficient to
to complete
imix
'
is
it,
Ma
as transmitted
wanting on each
by
side.
tion to understand
'
what
this sign
Landa, Relacion de
las Cosas
is
meant
for.
de Yucatan, p. 304.
single
INTRODUCTION.
lyi
woman's
represent a
vinced
is
intended to
is
and
Any
areola.
ano MS.i
Yes,
the
is
im,
which
the feminine
sign of
gender.
But
iosoTn
the deep,"
also
is
an enclosed
place. ^
le
was
It
invented the
material form,
'
made
use of
1,
it.
plate xxii.
if
iii.
desire to
^S"
^^^^^ ^ creation.
The figures are anthropomorphous representations
the kneeling, supplicating female, of the " Land of Mu " the male, of the
"Lord of the Seven Fires " (volcanoes), Men kak uuc. Mil, in an imploring posture, comes to inform him that one of his volcanoes lias caused
/'vVvVVW
S''^**
the basin at the edge of her domains to rise, and has converted the counShe speaks thus " Alt lia pe be be imik
try into marshy ground.
;
Kaan"
marshy
")
Mu ? "
Mu ? ")
(that
is,
"The
Men Kak
uuc,
This
is
'
" Imix be Ak
become marshy,
the rising of
Mu.
litcraria.
INTRODVCTION.
the drawing
we examine
lines
drawn
more
still
Ivii
closely,
to shade
if
If
it.
sum
we
con-
represents
are placed,
image
bathe
its
shores
on
symbol
ors of the
gulfs
this
of the invent-
is
whose waters
That
two
is
smaller than the Caribbean Sea, and the Avestern coast line
of
imix on
is
on the right, and the line on the left shorter than that on the
right.
a proposition
of
'
two
Not a
fe^v,
gulfs,
much
as
clearly proves, as
r^
it
its posi-
and contour.
Mayas
in-
ing likewise
the
in
which they
science of
lived
seeming to
general geography
all civilized
nations of
INTRODUCTION.
Iviii
sufficient to
Mayas had
prove
intimate relations
travellers,
We must not
little
of the learned
or destroyed,
men
it is
of
monuments
built
by
The
analysis of the
gnomon
and
They knew,
discovered
Mayapan,
science of astronomy.
architects,
stices
either hidden
by the
but very
The annals
civilizations.
the
we know
we
do,
in the
how
of the equinoxes;
to
sol-
that
thej'^
added
five
During
left
without name
these, as
all
on the third
business
was
lest
sus-
some
trigo-
That they
'
INTRODUCTION.
The study
lix
of the
many
of his asso-
The "Lands
West "
of the
'
Mayas
tinent,
*^^
the two
nent,
of Saint
Lawrence
in latitude north 48 to
^^ locality 'placed under the symbols reprelarge regions of the Western Conti- y''~\
whilst
the
\^y
signs
and h>Q^ seen Avithin the curve figuring the northern basin
now
The sign
l>Q/\
These will
tell
first
hieroglyphs, " the sun setting on the horizon," and the second,
'
'
As
'
Mayach
it
con-
If Ave
com-
Prince
Coh
discovered
by the author
at
Cliichen-Itza
in
1875, Avith
is
not a
INTRODUCTION.
Ix
New-
Cape
St.
feet at
^<&
Cape Horn,
it
is
The
shal-
may
Empire
the head
also
Maya
in
and the
shal-
low basin on the belly would in that case stand for the Bay of
>^
we are with
'
Maya
figure
hierogrammatist by the
cursive writing
by
this
the same position, and hold a basin on the belly, between their hands.
Others, again, are to be seen in the " National JIaseum " of Mexico, all
having the same conventional attitude, with the head turned to the right
shoulder.
"
v.,
Page
Ix.
Plate V.
INTRODUCTION.
Maya
The ancient
caldron,
cum,
on the surface
bosom.
its
because as nutriment
orated in
is
cooked in such
of the earth
utensil,
elab-
is first
it
its
Ixi
kum,
These
full of seeds.
fre-
geological
Per-
planet.
haps also the second reason was what caused them to generally
adopt a circular shape for the characters they invented to give
material expression to the multitudinous conceptions of their
mind
ters
(unless
it
from that
The
thought).
be that they gave that form to these characof their skull, containing the brain,
fact
is
organ of
name May-
bash, Avith
its
What
hand
at the
young
natives call a
sprout.
tail.
select
said
hand
with the raised right forefoot of the deer indicates that not only the seismic action was felt throughout the length of the Caribbean Sea, from south
to north, but that it produced the upheaval of some locality in the northern
parts of said sea.
column on the
right,
lowing words:
"Oc
(that
the palm of
liis
hand
").
According
is,
"A
canab
handful
to
show
may
be the uplieaval of the large volcano that looms high in the air in the middle
of the island of Roatan, the largest of the group called Guanacas in the Bay
of Honduras, where the
Mayas
met
The second column reads " Cib caualcimte lam a ti ahau O-"
("The lava having filled (raised) the submerged places, the master of the
basin,'' etc.)
(The last sign being completely obliterated, we cannot know
what the author had said.)
:
INTRODUCTION.
Ixii
we examine
If
it
the
map
uppermost
mind
bol;
of the
and to
draughtsman
see that he
geography of the
composing the
at the time of
was
interior
to him.
By
sj^m-
in the
its
eastern
was no mystery
cTL
comparing
this
vg^
by
the
lines, particularly at
we cannot
mouth
fail to
the
of rivers,^
recognize that
hierogrammatist
assumed
it
to be the
sprout of a calabash,
the body of which was
represented
the
\>\
the
segment
a circle having
of
for
Ocean on the
we
south.
For
if,
it
will
follow exactly the bent of the coast line of said ocean, opposite
the northern shore of the peninsula; another part will cross the
'
i.,
chap,
iii.,
p. 252.
INTRODUCTION.
Ixiii
if
Bay of Honduras,
it
Maya
intersect
and the
a line of
^^ root of
figure ^^ intended
which
is
made
to
the smoke as
body
among
it
ascends into
the mountains,
sides of the
of the s3Tnbol.
knew
lived
and that the peninsula had been upheaved from the bot-
tom
of the sea
of activity
was
by the
whose centre
in the
mountains of
in his time, as
it still is,
By
placing the small end of the sprout deep into the figure on
smoke, and by the dots, on both sides of the root of the sprout,
Thus
Maya
it is
that
we come
to learn
name
of
an ancient
upon a
6,
of Earthquakes,"
Van
Nostrand''s
its
Augustus
Engineenng
INTRODUCTION.
Ixiv
^^ parts of
known
to its inhab-
itants
tion of
its soil,
of
lations.
placed each
side
of
the
and that
it
cata-
<ff^-ri_r>
Mu ^^^^
clysms which
Land
coagulation,
hardness,
aspiration,
body of the
The
priests of
Mayacli on
ocean.
The
to preserve
its
memory
in order
it
to
yet seen.
The
They
tion.
still
call it
name
Akab-aib, the
from genera-
of that inscrip-
writing.
Gardner WilUiuson, Manners and Customs of Ancient Egyptians, vol.
"Kui Land," according to tlie Maya language the "land of
the gods," the birthplace of the Goddess Maya, "the uiotlier of the gods "
and of men, the feminine energy of Brahma by 'whose union with Brahma
all things were produced.
^ Landa, Mchicion de las Cosas do Yucatan,
chap, xli., p. 323.
'
iii.,
Sir
p. 70.
INTRODUCTION.
The history
Ixv
which
Mayas
among
are to be found,
mankind.
In ages long
lost in the
abyss of time,
when Aryan
colonists
on the banks
tian settlers in the valley of the Nile did not fancy, even in
their
their descendants
civilization
was
would
to be the
the Mayathat
nent a nation
had attained
to a high degree
"Ramayana," which
is
the
Mayas
the northern seas, in ages so remote that "the sun had not
yet risen above the horizon; " ' that, being lUiewise great warrioi's,
'
i.,
p. 353.
Mayas
navas,^
became known
of the country, or
J.
These
Nagds
as
we
Of
traditions of the
in the
extreme
these
"The
they point,
Naga empire
in the
and
it
its
capital in the
prior to the
their beautiful
'
women and
Valmiki, Bamayana, vol. ii., p. 26. " In olden times there was a prince
a, learned magician endowed with
great power
his name
of the Danavas,
was Maya. It was he who, by magic art, constructed this golden grotto.
He was the viivakarma (" architect of the gods ") of the principal Danavas,
and this superb palace of solid gold is the work of his hands."
Maya is mentioned in the Mahahharata as one of the si.x individuals
who were allowed to escape with their life at the burning of the forest of
Khandava, whose inhabitants were all destroyed.
We read in John Campbell Oman's work, Tlte Great Indian Epics (p.
" Now, Maya was the chief arcliitect of the Danavas, and iu grati118)
:
tude for his preservation built a wonderful saWia, or hall, for the Pandavas,
the most beautiful structure of its kind in the whole world."
Danava = Tan-ha-ba : Tan, " midst; " lia, "water; " ba, a compositive particle used to form reflexive desinences; "tliey who live in the
''
" Arjuna carried war against a tribe of the Danavas, the Nivata-Kava-
chas,
city
'
J.
vol.
iii.,
pp. 5G-57.
Page
3.
Plate VI.
less
Indeed,
it
if
would be
Aryan
conquest, the
Naga
rajas
Aryan
invaders."
Mayas
sciences
It
is
in a word,
We
world.
by them
find vestiges of
it,
and
They are
still
and Europe.
by
by
Maya,
their name,
their country,^
whose broad
tree,
also
symbol of
PesearcJies, vol.
translated
Maya
it,
which
relate
to
the calculation
of eclipses.
It is
with trigonometry {Asiatic Researches, vol. ii., pp. 345-249), proving that
abstruse sciences were cultivated in those remote ages, before the invasion
(See Appendix, note vi.)
of India by the Aryans.
' Codex Cortesianiis, plates 7 and 8.
among
'
up that
river to
mouth
City of the Sun; thence across the Syrian desert to the valley
where they
of the Nile,
their
finally settled,
mother country to a
district of
Nubia, calling
it
of
Maiu
or Maioo.^
way
of
Babylon, in Mesopotamia.
Mayacli
(that
is,
first
bottom of the deep ") was the name of the empire whose sovereigns bore the title of
Asiatic countries.^
rulers,
This
Can
title,
given
by the Mayas
to their
of
^lian
try,
to
says:
wear asps of
chamber
"
in Nubia.
Klian
is
the
title of
The
flag of
China
is
in the centre.
That of the Angles also bore as symbol a dragon or serpent;
that of the Saxons, according to Urtti-scind, a lion, a dragon, and over
them a flying eagle that of the Manchous, a golden dragon on a crimson
;
for
Khan-Khan.
Huns, a dragon.
Kakhanshort
Page
Jf.
Plafe VII.
Page
5.
Plate VIII.
why
was
it
selected as such
an emblem,
symbol of royalty.
held
greatest
was the
enjoyed the
it
Omphis
Phylarchus
honor.
particularly
the
states
same
thing.*
StiU.
and causing
it
to play so con-
Was
it
per-
beyond the
sea,
There the
remember that
It is well to
in
Egypt the
cerastes, or
horned
snakes, were the only serpents, with the asp, that were held as
Herodotus^
sacred.
us that
tells
"when
whom
The
Maya
governed
in
the
it,
The history
had
was written
nation,
in well-bound books
of papy-
"
Plutarch,
'
Pausanias, BcBot.,
'
'
Herodotus,
De
vi., 33.
lib.
c. 21.
ii.,
Ixxiv.
wooden
were Likewise
of future generations.
memoirs graven on
their palaces at
Uxmal
and Cliichen
in
and the
seat of the
At
government of the
its
is
a building that
Avail
is
of
it
John
lessons.
L. Stephens,
American
It
art.^
was a memorial
hall erected
by order
of
Queen Mdo,
life of
Prince Coli from the time of his youth to that of his death,
and
'
cathan, etc.,
lib. iv.,
it.
44, 316.
cap. v.
These books were exactly like the holy books now in use in Thibet.
These also are written on parchment strips about eighteen inches loug and
four broad, bound with wooden boards, and wrapped up in cvuiously embroidered
C. F.
silk.
Gordon Gumming, In
the
Himalayas and on
the
Indian Plains,
p. 438.
^
John
passim.
L. Stephens,
ii.,
p. 310, et
Page
7.
Plate IX.
days of the
Can
Maya
nation,
and of the
dynasty.
now
is
in ruins.
Enough, however,
remains to have enabled the writer to make not only an accurate plan of
it,
ter-
race six metres wide, levelled and paved with square marble
slabs carefully adjusted,
five steps.
Ascending
we
these,
we
these columns
in diameter.
The
is
GROUND PLAN.
the shape of serpent heads with mouth open and tongue protruding.
The
of royalty in
in
Mayach,
as
it
body
was
in
of the serpent,
Egypt and
as
emblem
it is
yet
many
countries of Asia.
It is covered with sculptured
image of the mantle of feathers worn in court ceremonials by the kings and the highpriests as insignia of their
feathers,
rank.
On
relatives of the
made
dead warrior.
his
From Papyrus
IV., at
VERTICAL SECTION.
if
"
is
Sir
iii.,
offerings to
so that
vol.
who
who rest
offerings to
Often
visit
may do
the dead,
for thee."^
Translation
Page
8.
Plate X.
we compare
this
the manes
is
superior, for
it
will be easy to
school.
by
whom
is
is
as
Confucius
they have been for their children while on earth.
"
"
Khoung-Tseu dedicates a whole chapter to the
in his book
he instructs his
the ancestors as
ancestors
is
"it
disciples that
if
The worship
bles
necessary to sacrifice to
is
when a
month a
of the
On
the
festival is held
commemorative of the
dead.
Great
festivities
in arms."
These
commemorate deceased
friends
and by
'
visiting the
tears,
and
literally
were estab-
relations.
They
Manava-Dharma-Sastra,
etc., et
festivities
lib. iii.,
passim.
207,,
10
and
sion of corn
ehiclia
vessels placed
them
rally pure;
Maya
and other
language
if
" The
offered to
of Yucatan, Peten,
where the
is
Hindoo
Avhich
is
at the beginning of
in secluded places
November,
"^
are wont,
to
of
can procure.
take
made
of
of, as their
clearly indicates.'
Does not
to-day?
this
The
olic
the eleventh)
arjr
by Ovid,^ people
'
Cliristoval
of
celebrated
is
de Molina,
by the Cath-
November, when,
as at the
ides (Febru-
so beautifuUj' described
and Rites of
ilie
Tncas.
Translation
etc.
liahet
ima Deos
sails.
Ovid, Fast
1,
V. 533,
et
passim.
Page
11.
Plate
XL
place of those
dear to them
very tender
human
Mr.
~R.
affec-
sentiments.
in a very learned
"
on the Festival of Ancestors,"
'
among
all
nations of the
where
at precisely the
now, as
it
same epoch
"It
is
among
How
was
my
atten-
time of
from a common
first
source? "
we
What was
that source?
we
still
in
The Romans
Mayas,
that salt
R. G.
Bearing on
Ethnological Researches
13
art,
suddenly
in the
old
city
Angor-Thom?
of
There
Camwe
also
god.
in
Maya
civilization
is
met
can be traced
Mayach
SCULPTUKE
IN
Isis,
or
Everywhere
In
'
When
it is
Banks,
a myth.
Mayach
only
we may
iu his
first
perhaps
voyage, vis-
iii.,
Sir
p.
ii.,
p. 333.
vol.
Plate XII.
Page
IS.
Plate XIII.
it
in
is
is
13
of
Queen
generally pict-
by the
composed of
figure
brilliant
GODDESS
'
ISIS
AS A BIRD.'
vol.
iii.,
chap,
of
xiii., p.
115.
II.
'
'
of
Why,
this is
America.
Yes,
exclaiming,
it
is
also
'
'
many
of the nineteenth
of the
Asia, Africa, and Europe, just as they exist to-da}^; and that
in the framing of
their
if
was
his-
traditions.
Of
among
the
by com-
Mayas,
The
as
simplest
is
We
find
it
many
that of the
Mayas.
It
fillet
it.
of
Page H.
Plate
XIV.
Page
Plate
14.
'ii^
'Si
'6 /rf^
5S^
XV.
Uxmal.
15
knowledge
of
we
the figure
it
In the centre of
hexagon formed
by the
of
"worship."
is
fire
It
is
it
as
emblem
of the spirit
of the universe.
from
The
and
evolved
and water. ^
well
known
that
among
is
"
fire;
European
Their use
is
They
antiquaries.
still
known
as
disdain to seek in
America for
and that
of
many
'
'
Land
Augustus Le Plongeon,
and
vii.
^1
p.
xx.
Incidents of Travels
and Explorations
in the
384.
i.
'
16
months
that
the twelve
As
to the four double rays, those nearest to the houses of the sun
the
sun
who
The lower ones symbolize the four primordial substances known to modern scientists as nitrogen, oxygen,
hydrogen, and carbon, vs^hose various combinations form the
four primitive elements fire, water, air, and earth into
material universe.
it
Maya sages to
is
their pupils in
It cor-
responds precisely to the doctrine of the cosmic evolution contained in that ancient Sanscrit book of " Dzyan," which forms
the groundwork of
Madame H.
P. Blavatsky's
"The
Secret
Doctrine."
The
purposely
made
so simple
'
name
commentaries,
mother
in their
new
ini-
Dzyan
Madame
is
a pure
Maya
within without,
flame,
of
life
lil-o
and flame
the
is fire,
hud of
heat,
and
0:
" Light
is
cold
the water
Page
16.
Plate
XVI.
Page
17.
Plate
XVII.
whom
they communicated
adoption, amplified
it,
it
17
in the land of
their
opinion.
It
is
may
not, however.
Now,
if
an histor"
study said
Sri-San-
It is the stating of
Maya,
its
different parts,
from
Maya words.
which
Ave are told they borrowed from " the materialistic religion of
the non-Vedic population; " ' and that, in giving names to the
belonging to their
b}'
own
made use
from
their
must not
it
many
thousand miles
by the wastes
by them,
We
of vocables not
as
it is
of the
by
their
Danavas and
the Nagas were peoples who did not belong to the Aryan stock,
lose sight of the fact that the
As
is
When,
in
J.
Ibid.
mentioned in
'
hands of the
vol.
iii.,
p. 56.
18
by a Brahmin.'
that cooked
No
sacrificers.
They
food so pure as
Others
At the
many lived
in contemplation.
northern India,
They were
called
But
re-
it
From them,
their ac-
differs
"
Still
by Brahma."
From whom
did he borrow
them ?
traditions of
whom
but rather they converted such materials into vehicles for the
seen,
'
were a highljr
lib.
iii.,
ii.,
iii.,
chap.
'
.J.
Ibid.,
p.
11, p. 8.
452.
civilized people,
p. 640.
lib.
ii.,
Adolphe
Pictet,
vol.
ii.,
J. T.
Ihid., p. 449.
242;
p. 024.
p. 410.
cliap. 15, p.
vol.
ii.,
'
p.
452.
Ibid., p. 450.
vol.
Aryans established
ach
the
Later on
Maya
to
adepts,
How
Maya
Maya
when
we shall see that these Ndgds were origwho in remote ages migrated from MayBurmah, whence they spread their doctrines among
Saraswati.
inally
of Hindostan
19
all living
earthly
This query
find
may
Why
be answered by another.
do we
countries,
settled in those
traditions,
Why,
weaker ?
civilized
Has not
in past ages
Is not
man
If in the struggle
is
follows another.
is
times
trough more or
many
less deep.
it,
Some
often overwhelms
it.
20
we compare the " Sri-Santara " with the cosmogonic diagram of the Mayas, it does not require a great effort of
If
us see
so, let
the meaning
of the
it is
an amplification of the
what may
names of
b,e,
in the
latter.
Maya language,
It is not a
Its
knowledge
will
By means
of
it,
we
inscriptions, reclaim
from oblivion
Maya
We
by
the wise
mogonic conceptions.
still
among
extant,
and
place in
be able to
historical,
it its
shall also
scientific
life
books and
us,
inscrip-
many
reached by man.
We must
may
not be
.the
highest ever
we
are
only emerging from the deep and dark trough that had existed
we
Roman
civilizations
and
ours,
and that
are as yet far from having arrived at the top of the wave.
may remark
21
Mayas
Meso-
sojourned in the
Dekkan and
great part of
Maya, and
shown by
les
it,
Maya,
am bound
to confess
them.
name
ISTo
not one
word!
It
and necessary
fluid
for living
form a third
is
one.
Not
so,
"
sea.
"
to agitate."
The
however.
Greek word,
thalassa, for
"
Had he
tian
The name
and Chaldean
What
are
we
for water in
Maya is
ha,
in
Egyp-
a.
to argue
from
this utter
want
of relation be-
la langue
'
Maya,
Adolphe
from
ii.,
edit. 1870.
p. xxiv. to p. xl.
i.,
pp. 138-139.
23
tions?
Shall
we
when
say that
Mayas
the
colonized the
countries at the south of Asia, then the banks of the Euphrates, then the valley of the
was
dawn of
to make it
numbers as
history,
Aryan
Asia Minor,
later
it
tribes,
that the
and
in ages so
to such
]S"ile,
new homes ?
Shall
we
say
went
era,'
Maya
Maya
show the
to be
instead of
ulterior admixture of
alter.
by
From remote
Maya
is
above
words
all
D, F, G,
J, Q,
Maya language.^
This they called Aditi,
things."
titicli
It is precisely the
com])osed
of
Ah,
"that
meaning
masculine
of the
article,
above
all
things."^
'
all
Pio Perez,
is
"powerful superior to
"
to
which
also
Maya
Aryan words
and
to both the
Sanscrit
Sri-Santara; "
Sanscrit;
common
''
of the
Bfaya dictionary.
iii.,
Maya.
In this
pp. 508-515.
Gabriel de Sauta
Plate
AO\T/
^WORIP
XVIII.
'
Aum,
dwelt
infinite
'
'
sky,
J.
A,
U,
'
and
'
heaven.
'
prayers,
little
word
'
"As
Aum
when brought
Manu
form a
to
Colebrooke
deity.
Aum
A-U-M
Afor
is
an
refers to every
means of the
'
all
earth,
'
together in the
'
'
M,
all
invocations. '
'
23
its full
But by
significance.
Ah,
the
father.
feminine
TJ
mother.
Ma,
the androgynus.
Any way we
syllable
in the Maya
language
mono-
names and
For instance:
Au-Mthy maker.
A-U-M thy
mother's son.
U-A-M I am
M-U-Athe maker
We
read in the
first
of these waters.
lUd., 76-77.
J.
first
Manava-Dliarma-Sastra, book
ii.,
Sloka 74.
them
24
He
is
word
is
composed of
This
called Hiramyaga/rbha.^
the following
four
Maya
vocables,
it
all
beings,
called
the mother
were the production of Nara the divine spirit,
"
"
"
La, eternal truth," that conof truth:
Naa, "mother;
'
'
Uach
the
(Maya),
first
"a
embodied
the mantras.
Maya
Again we may
Maya
Does the
is
all things.
words
in this
the
similaritj' of
Mayaswhich
so
son
or
Maya
prove nothing?
And
the
way
seal,
tom
being
common both
in
Mayach
Colebrooke, Notice on
Ma!iaea-D!iarm.a-Sastra,
tlie
book
Vedas,
i.,
Sloka
10.
cus-
Mayas
without
Heomek
among
the
Mayas
as
among
25
first
SPHINX.
of the cross
the Hindoos
is all
this
without
meaning ?
it is
Egypt,
cults either to
weU known
they existed in
The
is
all
the proofs
its
inhabitants
but to
follow their traxjks along the shores of the Indian Ocean, into
on to Africa,
kingdom, some
the
'
'
renowned Egyptian
first terrestrial
"^
Egyptian king.'
vol.
iii.,
p. 15.
Menes,
III.
is
'
'
It
next in importance,
find,
It
an amplification of the
tara
we
Maya
atUxmal, as well
symbol of the
of the Hindoos.
may
be asked,
How
Mayas
to adopt the
to symbolize their
cosmogonic conceptions ?
Berosus, the Chaldean historian,
tells
us that civilization
man, half
words, by
"he
Sii'
i.,
p. 319.
Hoa-ana
"thy;"
iia,
in tlie
Maya
"house," "resi-
to
earlj'^
Sir
Chal-
lib. i.,
181, in
George Rawl-
Plate
Tl KKU N
MaitL Tested [qooiJ
XIX.
27
and
all sciences
astronomy
of
in particular."
If philology, like architecture,
may
some epoch or
we may
its
Mayas,
at
Ocean, reached the mouth of the Indus, and colonized Beloochistan and the countries west of that river to Afghanistan;
Maya
tribes live
Kah%iZ River. ^
The names
of
soil
tlie
and
Maya
villages
and of several
of Yucatan,
still
inhabited.
I
and places
In
this
my
work
cio Carillo
in the
obsolete
Maya
cities
language.
helped me, as in
now
meaning
many
other studies of
Maya roots
and words
Bishop Carillo
ability, the
is
liter-
author of an ancient
He is of Maya descent.
Mayas in their journeys
Following the
the seacoasts,
'
London
This
list
we next
find traces of
given in
full in
March
my
4,
large
them
at the
1879, p.
work,
westward, along
head of the
G, col. 4.
28
known
to history
and marshy
The meaning
it
still
is
an
to
Akkadian language
whilst the
that,
word
by a
for "
it
this river ?
anomaly
AMacU
is
by
dwelt in the
unknown, unrecorded
period,
abodes, but
still
known, regardless
it
localities in
or
'
names were
at variance
Shall
may
their
Pran(;ois
p. 399.
permutation
cannot
therefore
it
29
be
authenticated.
The Maya,
of
Akkadian language,
afifords
yestiges in the
Akal
is
Maya
and akil
is
was and
still is
mouth
As
is
" pond,"
near the
localities
of the Euphrates.
to the
name -Sumer,
its
etymology, although
Maya, seemed
also
it is
perplexing to the
kvixISo';^
Maya, koin, a
valley.
From
this
of
in the
nists,
who
it
it
Maya
are
Maya
words found
by the
Maya
not be
colo-
Akkad,
Through the
Sir
efforts of
Grivel, Professor
tongue, or
'
name
Sir
much
of
it,
of the Mediterranean
p. 356)
30
tablets that
library.
Mr. Le-
it.
From
Maya, with
Having^
my
selection I
Akkadian.
SPHINX.
31
32
Akkadian.
33
settlement
ula or
first
ul, a
In this
arrived."
this idea,
Maya
swarmed
palisades,
Maya
primitives
ti,
" place."
In
ical
their Histor-
Maya
"City
colonists,
to Mr. Lenormant,'
Kd-Dingira or
by means
of the
Maya.
composed of four
particle
to him,
Maya
or an action happens;
the god, the sun.
" the
city
where
Cah-Tin-kin-la, or be
it
Kd-Bingira,
is
'
'
'
a very appropriate
city.
'
34
my property
it
name
Ka-Ea, or be
it
'
'
which
is
in
of Babylon,
sun."
to the temple
mode
its
of the
"seven
lights of
edi-
fice
Babel
is
and
philologists.
its
language
it
We
monument.
Shinar.
originally
raised the
from Mayacli ?
Ba,
who
Maya,
off
asserts
They
beyond the
sea
east.'
Mayas
all
among them. The same fondness exists today among their descendants, who seldom speak of their supepersons prominent
riors
by
their
Genesis,
cliiiii.
xi.,
vcvsc
3.
'
characteristic observed
35
to the individ-
ual.
my
me
in
my
certainly
for
months accompanied
would shake
But
him."
men who
their heads
if
meant. 1
This same custom seems to have prevailed
itive
among
the prim-
first kings,
whose
seals are
Urukh,
we
by them.
are told,
is
one of them
Likhdbi
another
is
is
well
known
vial plains of
were
built of
mud;
that
is,
of sun-dried bricks
'
'
first cities
adobes.
who
It is
ordered
'
them Kul-uiiilcob, the holy men, who earae to preach a "holy religion."
But that nickname has asecoud meaning. Kul, it is true, means holy. Prounaccustomed to the Maya prosounds Clll, which means a " cup," n " goblet," a "chalice," just as the Greek uvXe. Therefore, cul-uiiiicob means
" men addicted to the cup" drunkards.
nouncing the
it
36
is
contracted
primitives
huk,
In composition
into
Huluk,
hence
also said to
This,
town was
Maya
it less
sun
of mud,
conse-
quently.
As
Maya
It
in
is
to the
primitives
"to
lik,
also
composed of two
transport," and
it is
whose foundations
his
by land
aU things
Hence
by water," that
is,
"he who
transports
"bj^ rowing."
all
the scien-
of the Babylonians.
began to
When
It
Its
who were
"
'
own dialect
Akkad remained,
Henry Eawlinson,'
of
vol.
i.,
p. 319.
37
the East, as Latin was in the "West during the middle ages.
In
He
it.
It
is
fall of
of
Babylon had
who was
learned in
Only
the lore of
all
Dr. Isaac of
New
York, and other learned rabbins, assert that these words were
But they
Chaldaic.
the American
meaning
Maiiel,
as
Maya
given
mane,
and
vocables pertaining to
still are,
them by
Daniel.^
Maya
The
words
Mane,
Avere,
(all
things
The word
is
taken to-
Uppah, "Thou
are allied jiaa and
in
To
'
Herodotus,
Book
Gf. ooaioo,
lib.
iii.,
151, 158.
of Daniel, chap,
" to break."
word
that
i.,
del
verse 17.
Idioma Maya.
Pio Perez,
Maya
dictionary.
38
Is this a
By
mere coincidence ?
There can be
no means.
many Maya
The
words.
limits of this
present.
last
words, according to
lamah
when a
"Eli, Eli,
sdbachthani.''^
No wonder
what he
those
To
said.
know
not
cross,
lips:
who
this
stood near
day the
they pretend
is
the
He
God
role, I will
manldnd
He
man
even.
that
spoke pure
do
Maya.
finished."
my
face;
"
or, in
Matthew, chap, xxvii., verse 46. Mark, ch.ap. xv., verse 34.
Posca was tlic ordinary beverage of Roman soldiers, which the}' were
obliged to carrj' with them in all their expeditious, among which were tlie
executions of criminals.
Our authorities on this matter are Spartianus
(Life of Iladrhm, 10) and Vulcatius Gallicanus (Lifeof Aridlus Cnssiui, 5).
This posca was a very cooling drink, very agreeable in hot climates, as the
writer can certifj', having frequently used it in his expeditions among the
ruined cities of tlie Mayas. It is made of vinegar and water, sweetened
with sugar or houey, n kind of oximel.
'John, chap, xix., verse 30.
'
'^
{,
Page
82.
Plate
XXVIII.
39
sus,
woman
aU the monstrous
ruled over
beasts
which inhabited
all things.
Her name was
The Greeks translated it Tlialassa, and applied
Ask modern philologists what is the
it to the sea itself.
etymology of that word. They will answer, It is lost. I say,
Ask again any Maya scholar the meaning
]S"o
it is not lost
He wiU tell you it denotes " a thing
of the word tliallac.
sea.
by the progress
of philosophical incredulity,
tion of auguries
became
all classes
Home,
'
'
scat-
in their
etc.
''Cicero,
They then
'
in authority.
Their
sexes.'
As a
and both
i.
2,
Be Natura Deorum^
Juvenal, Satires,
Heiueccius, Elements of
vi.
553.
pp. 11-13.
11, 3.
Moman
Jurisprudence, vol.
i.,
Tabul
viii., art.
25, p. 496.
'
'
i.,
p.
448.
40
suspected,
little
ka xaxbe,
Maya voca-
by
human
thousands of
"
hesha!''''
still
spoken
beings.
we must
read,
from right
Maya X is
Xabe
read
as all ancient
it,
Maya
writings should be
to left, thus:
The
sh.
is
Kd,
"to be put aside," "to make room
Ka in
or kaii means " something bitter," " sediment."
"genius,"
equivalent
to
the
Maya
Egyptian was "spirit,"
for one to pass."
ku, "god."
II
a contraction of the
is
Maya
adjective ilil,
The
literal
Chevalier.
J. Collin
the
title
'
'
Magic Words,
'
'
tells
by repeating haxpax
nnax.
mad dog
could be averted
of the diction-
the American
scientific
Maya
language,
fails to
who
believe
his ignorance of
less.
Pio Perez,
in
Brown
Maya
dictionary,
Librury, Providence, R.
I.
aud
also ancient
Maya
dictionary SIS.
Maya
Hax,
that
is
in
Maya,
is
we
tongue, although
by Chaldean
are
magicians.
to say,
41
Such
in a hurry.
wounded
it.
This ligature is still made
by the aborigines of Yucatan in case of any
one being bitten by a snake or other venomous animal.
Pax is a Maya verb of the third conjugation, the meaning
of which
The
man
is
particularly,
They had
of the ancients.
with insanity.
to pass,
when
We read
evil spirit
all
'
them when
in the Bible:
" And
it
man
came
Saul, that
passions in
those
'
'
"We
or appease
hymns
Patriotic
mind
meditation.
sees visions of
when
the
be,
and
mind
become
to peace, quietude,
celestial
beings,
divine impulse.
The thaiimaturgi
'
of old
Samuel, chap,
in-
42
they used
cymbals, drums,
flutes,
etc.
among
other means, to
known
And
Elisha said:
to pass
when
'
me
a minstrel; and
it
came
Pax,
had
(the
CandoUe).
the
West
It
of Linnaeus, the
Eugenia pimenta of De
in great
America, in
abundance in
fact,
Mayas an
is
Cayenne
as
by the
wounds, as garlic
It
by the Chaldeans
through-
is
in our
ages.
when anybody
is
bitten
to chew garlic,
wounds made by the animal's
They firmly
teeth.
believe that
body by the
max,
simply means,
by means
make
a liga-
effects of
the poison.
iii.,
verse 15.
Samuel,
of which, from
the
is
tion to the
so evident that
coincidence.
43
it
in the
temple of Kharsah-lcurra, "the mountain of the world, dazzling with gold, silver,
by Professor Sayce
lated
of England.'
The name
was worshipped are bright
In
ization.
spelled
Maya
civil-
of
which
is,
literally,
"God;"
"eternal truth,"
god Asshur, or
that
is,
worshipped."
is
Axul
in
Maya,
it
As to the name
means, a, "thy; "
xul, "end."
In
all
preme Being,
and the end
He
of all things, to
God,
this
all
can attain.
Asia,
London,
131-132.
ii.,
pp. 127-128.
IV.
Some
of these
tory instincts inherited from their early ancestors, left the banks
of the Euphrates
and the
city of
new
lands and
new homes.
NUe.
of the
it,
river,
of Suez.
they selected
Maiu,'
in
remembrance
vaUey
fertile
named
When
the
Maya
its full,
vaUey of the
having overflowed
its
Nile,
banks.
vol.
ii.,
tlie
Pharaohs, vol.
i.,
p.
3C3
pp. 78-174.
first
Egypt the
'
country of
boats "
"boat"?
Be it remembered
Chem,
being
this
45
Maya
the
for
among
Hence, unlike the Aryans, the Greeks, the Romans, and other
nations, they did not figure the sun travelling through the
sky in a boat
place in the
West
in
No
swarming with
name
of
^^H the
tail of
Maya
and
for "crocodile."
the animal
^
;
The
it
the
in the hieroglyphs
it.
tail
is
the
But Ain
is
the
serves as rudder to
symbolized, in this
"
A real enigma,"
'
'
^
says Mr.
vol.
is
iii.,
proposed
p. 178.
10.
vol.
iii.,
p. 200.
46
names by which
own
its
were
dialect,
ac-
name
of
Misraim
all these
designations there
may
learned Egyptologists,
How
it
is
all
'
that so
many
who have
an
lies
It is because
where
it is
they have
to be found
the Maya.
Egypt has always been a country mostly devoid
of trees,
all
had
first
The
hus-
to clear
it
it
seas.
We
or as a
haaz
(banana-tree);^
as a
also
Mayacli
beb
(mul-
by a serpent
'
Page
8.
Plate
XXIX.
47
ico
in the
in his history of
when
first
Mayas was
Maya
writings
Diego de Cogolludo
to a. d. 1517,
stUl designated as
"the great
a sieve, called
times
as
also
ized
Egypt
sacred
some
^A\ of
^^
^1^ A
^B^
as a
to the
V^
dress
*
on
of the
Laurus persea
Can
then
tree
Maya
with
inflated
some-
identical
They
likewise symbol-
human
Mayas, that
heart,'
which
vividlj^
recalls
the
be that
all
let us present
The
as
it
serpent
Chichen.^
sculptures resembles a
the
in
i.
breast \
the bas-reliefs at
Mayab
is
these are
more
river, spread as it
Hapimil, which
mere coincidences ?
If
they be,
of them.
in aftertimes
'
Sir
Ihid., p. 200.
Ibid., p. 119.
was corrupted
into liapi-
cap.
i.
vol.
iii.,
p. 199.
48
mau.
It
is
Maya
ha,
"
surfaces;
hence
flat
primitives
The desinence
il is
Egyptian
scholars, the
name Hapvmau
of
the Nile,
by
"abyss of water."
swamp."
The name Thebes, of the capital of Upper Egypt, was
Taba among the natives. That word seems to be allied to the
Maya vocable tepal, "to govern," "to reign," which, as a
noun, is equivalent to "majesty," "king," the "head of the
nation."
As
to
Memphis, the
capital of
Lower
Maya vocables
lia,
is
"water," and
we
of
Memphis, having
diverted the course of the Nile, built the city in the bed of the
it
flowed.
Although the
limits of this
Maya
Herodotus,
origin of the
little
space to
names of
places
'
Mayach
all,
my larger work,
referred to
is
name of
I cannot
and of the
mere
of creation as
Maya
ety-
cannot be argued
it
it still
on the
the
In order that
of these names.
resist
mology
49
to return
Coh by
his sister-
Moo.
wife Queen
Noum, was
Chnoumis, or
the "cause of
life in
all
that has
emanate.
num
This
is
Maya particle
Amen-num, or
a, contraction of
'
'
abundance of things.
Kneph
called
of the spirit
learn
Kneph
for
HorapoUo
says:
"The
snake
tells
is
also
the
So also
shape of a
'
Amen-Kneph.
emblem
we
'
In the ancient
serpent.''
Eusebius, Prcep.
i.
et
Demons. Evang.,
lib. iii.,
chap,
xi., p.
315.
Diodorus
13.
'
Hoiapollo, Hieroglyphs,
del
Idioma Maya,
lib.
ii.
lib. iii.,
chap.
xi.
50
ATnen-Kneph
is
by an enormous serpent
This
folds.'
to
is
the reasons
emblem
that envelops
him within
its
huge
why
of the deity.
a dragon.
we
Later on
accompanying the
cosmogony,''
tures,
particularly on
trunk
the
of
the
mastodon heads
name
is
written
vegetable world
man and
also.
all species of
his
name
Xem or Miii.
lib. iii.,
chap.
xi.
'
Manava-Dhitrnui-SdMra,
'
'
Ibid.
lib.
i.,
chap,
i.,
Sloka
9.
In the
in animals,
xex
is
is
nists,
it
reader as
51
itself to
the
east,
mind
of the
Maya
colo-
JSTile,
civilization of
that
it
has had no
archaic period
that the
Egypt
of Cheops
known
infancy
that
'
On
estpris de
Although mistaken
archaic period, he
is
vertige.''
is
is
seized with
"
in asserting that
right,
and of Chephren
one
its birth-
own
it is
Egypt no rude
developed."^
says Osburn "
we
go,
we
is
no
.
find in
"The
(to
our apprehension,
we
first settlers
in
Egypt were a company of persons in a high state of civilization, but that through some strange anomaly in the history of
man they had been deprived of a great part of the language
and the
''
Pio Perez, Maya dictionary. Pedro Beltran, Art del Idiama Maya.
Ernest Renan, Revue des deux Mond.es, April, 1865.
Rawlinson, Origin of Nations,
p. 13.
52
means and
of
vehicle
their
civilization.
Combin-
we
it
'
thither
civilization of
Egypt
This so far
is,
of the Euphrates?
"
who were
the emigrants ?
civilization?
unknown heavens," ^ as
Seiss
how
came
tell us.
What
country did
would have
It
Mayach,
that they
is,
sun,^
"the land
first
if
emerged
vol.
i.,
chap,
iv.,
pp. 320-321.
i is
"
Seiss,
'
Ku
the
Maya
is tlie
mark
Diodorus,
Herodotus,
Hist., vol.
Hist., lib.
p. 50.
i.,
ii.
11.
p. 13.
53
was
the
situated,
first
may seem
from the
is,
east.
This seeming
is,
of the people.
We have followed
by
step
step the
Mayas
in their jour-
West"
across
the Pacific, along the shores of the Indian Ocean to the head
of the Persian Gulf, then
up the Euphrates
to Babylon.
important
cities
on
the banks of
in
The migration
of these
Maya-
Mayach,
Mdo
coming
to
Her
followers, fresh
from the
" Lands of the West," naturally brought with them the manners and customs, traditions, religion, arts, and sciences of the
ways
so recently abandoned.
readily adopted,
They were
by the descendants
become more or
less
of the
contaminated
with
whom
If,
zation,
therefore,
where
it
barbarism, and
the Nile,
we wish
had
why
we must
so long
sojourned, or
in contact.
its
it
appeared
full
54
It is
itself.
What
hap-
European
grown
civilization
now
is
Egyptian:
regarding the
full
Continent.
being transported
may
no
archaic period."
We
Chaldeans,
who dwelt
marshy lands
civilization to
at the
that
by
in places enclosed
mouth
is,
the primitive
palisades in the
of the Euphrates
who
brought
Maya;
mogonic notions
identical
with those of
had
cos-
Mayas, and
the
to,
but more
tracks
Maya-speaking
peoples,
whose
who
Maya language.
the Maya alphabet,
In another work
'
it
were
identical.
Did the
limits of this
objects
book allow,
Maya
it
could
names of the
is
Le Plongeon, Sacred
Maya Empire.
Page
8S.
Plait
^--^^^^i
XXX.
the
these premises
may
55
it
Mayas
the arts
And
if
Professor
Max
Miiller's
human
between language,
religion,
and
Mayas
were branches
of one
rooted in the
"Land
KuV
of
the
soil of
the
in
"Western Continent.
Should
give
dates,
the Troano
Maya
historians,
would doubt
and reply
know
who
How
do we
rectly
tives
many
their accuracy
interpreted
written
GODDESS UATI(?)
MATI.*
narra-
in characters that
decipher ?
It is well
known
Maya
signs,
much
if
less translate
they,
who have
Maya writings,
For
no one
else can.
Max
vol.
ii,,
p. 198.
66
as
it
may
ancient
" The
life,
Maya
by the
writers.
latest date at
taken place
is
But the
down
Nectanebo
tions,
II.,
to the
"In
reality, there
We have cal-
it
"Were this to
A much higher
and
of development
Menes.
It
historical deposit
soil,
civilization.
"Now,
if
we reckon
down
four
first
im-
Egyptian origines
V.
civil-
Kancrnn.
and
as
cities,
world.
The names of
guide which wiU
by these
Maya-
On
is
58
is,
by onomat-
name
stm an unsolved
is
gists,
its
it
signifies
to the land
by the Phoe-
According to
Kanaan
of its
soil.
is
certainly
the
most expressive of
might of
of the dead,"
"
still
(in
exist a
few miles
to the
'
1863.)
xv. 20.
(Chalons,
Page
58.
Plate
XX.
59
of the
is
the purport
philologists.
Maya
primitives
Rephavm,
leb, ha,
im
it
an
set in
had
They
Then, even
if
Maya
cities
they founded,
it
bearded
men
Mayach, where we
see portraits of
Tsidon^Rahhah
is
'
Joshua, chap,
Genesis, chap,
xii.,
x.,
verse 4; chap,
verse 15.
by
xiii.,
verse 13.
is
trans-
60
lated
the ancient.^
On
a seaport called
is
Oilan
{DzilmC).
Is it
that Tzidon
tion of
The
is
the
it
name
of
Mayach, and
Dzilan ?
city that vied in importance with Tzidon,
and at
last
founder gave
it
from the
The
principal
was
it
on a rocky
built
Tzub
shore.
is
philologists
The
Latins.
is
the
Maya
a "province."
the sun, under the name of Baal or Bel, which we are told
meant "lord," " chief." This is exactly one of the meanings
of the word Baal (in Maya).' As for Bel, it is in Maya the
etc., as
of the Greeks.
in
Babylon and
Her
cult
was
cele-
Her
in Nineveh.
name
two
pomp
in
the verb tal or tac, " to feel the desire to do something corItabbah would read
become old," " to age."
'
"
in
of
which
Joshua, chap, xix., verse 29. Jeremiali, chap, xxv., verse 23.
Jos6 de Acosta, Ilistm-ia Natural y Moral de las Indicis, 1590.
is
"to
Ixtal or Ixtac, or
Ishtar,
want
61
to sleep."
whom
human
offerings of
made by
victims were
them
enclosing
said,
by the
priests, to
them.^
Moloeh
is
another descriptive
primitives
Do
ions, provender.
name composed
och
of
two
Maya
human
made by the Itzaes of
Avhich a human victim was
Peten to
Hobo
the destroyer, in
origin
is
is still
also their
who
Their
name
for philologists.
terrible
either,
ries to both.
obstacles in the
way
of conquest
by
xiii.
'
John
territories.
Was
it
from
'CogoUudo,
62
Any Maya
No
will answer,
doubt of
it
kat
since
is
scholar
Maya verb
mean-
ing " to place obstacles across a road " or " to sally forth to
>
name most
in accordance
The Khati were not warriors only; they were likewise merwhose capital, Carchemish, situated at the confluence
chants,
in commercial
name
congregated.
indi-
This
name is composed
two
of
Maya
vocables
Carchemish
may
well
His name
murderer.
ill-treat
and
Set
is
sacrifices
Tich
is
offered,
name
It consists in
is
making
In another work^
all
stiU observed
offerings, called
his
We have just said that cah is the Maya for " city "
or "village."
'
were
indicates.
or Sut,
and
In that place
with blows."
Set,
Osiris,
Kaax,
by
their
u-kanil-
the "lord of
]>Iiiya dictionary.
Page
6S.
Plate
XXI.
63
for a
offer-
unknown
ans, of
origin,
Herodotus,^
ZeZ^es, a
name akin
places."
of all Ionia
to
in rocky
lished themselves
and
pirates,
Cyclades.^
Thucydides
calls
estab-
them
asserts that
when
At
Minos.
of
aU nations
of the earth."
The
still
by the aborigines
Central America.
It
is
lib.
i.,
'
Thucydides, History of
Herodotus, lib. i., 171.
lib.
v.,
is
identical
is
in
whose name
many
is still
cities
with that
preserved
and places in
171.
Strabo,
'Ibid.,
women, and
'
lib. vii., p.
women
From
called uipil.
or Carian, certainly
in that of the
fastenings.^
Maya
by the
of Yucatan, Peten,
the ships of
which required no
manned
requested,
321
87-88.
lib. xiii., p.
tlie
611.
Peloponnesian War,
lib. i., 8.
64
Antilles,
These
exist.
Ca/ras,
their conquests
from the
frontiers of
tribes
Mayas,
Mayach
still
extended
throughout the
be very
difficult to
It
would indeed
riginal
names
known
of pleices
and
ties
of the Atlantic,
of
When
extraordinary power.'
first
St.
Vin-
Max
Miiller,^ Philip of
Theangela, a
Carian historian, says that the idiom of the Carians was mixed
earliest inhabitants of
who
use of
many words
of their
shall depart
Vllomme
Americatn, vol.
ii.,
et
p. 268.
p. 401.
Max
'
Homer,
Miillcr,
D'Orbigny,
of
iv., p.
475.
Page
64.
Plate
XXII.
Before returning to
fect
identity of
Maya,
cosmogonic notions
of places, nations,
Maya
and gods,
let
we shall revisit
later
these
characteristics, in India,
Mayach
65
are
VI.
shall pass
Mu,
life
of
we have
Homen,
fell
a victim.
The
it
afterward
its
destruction
by earthquakes, and
by
sub-
and
retold so
many
times that
it is
useless to
encumber these
it.
among
were thickly populated, and that the black race seems to have
predominated. We shall not tarry in Ziiiaau, " the scorpion," longer than to inquire
dess Selk,
the hooks,
whose
whose
title
office
if,
was
reptile," directress of
'
'
Plato, Timcms.
ii.,
plate v.
that
employed
is,
in the "
67
in noting
mind
and the
do not inform
us.
Still
bols
and
In
GODDESS SELK.
to
them from the " Lands of the "West," and take the shape of
West
the
Indies as
emblem
of said lands
PseV
if
we
as a scorpion,
and
that,
from the
known to us as the
West Indies, the Mayas called them Zinaan, the " scorpion."' But Zinaan means also an "accent," a "mark in
general contour of the group of islands
writing."
As
to the
name
Selk, it
suggested by the
by the name
of the
Eek
'
iii.,
chap.
xiii.
xli-lx.
68
in
Maya.
If to designate the
name
of a god-
we
X (English
we have X-Eek, that may easily become Sellc. Ekchucli
is the name of the black scorpion.
X-Ekchuch would be that
of the female black scorpion.
From it the name of the Egypprefix the
dess
article
sh),
from Greenwich.
mark
from
a land-
Proceeding thence inland, in a direction west eight degrees north, one hundred and twenty miles as the crow
we
voyage of circumnavigation.
we
started
flies,
on our
Page
69.
Plate
XXIII.
VII.
It
myths
is
well that
we now
of the Hindoos
have looked at
era, the
creation.
it since,
Many
when
it
understood
its
Among
the
who
'
it
it.
how many
are there
who
professors of Ameri-
pretend to be authorities as to
Mayas
and their
civilization,
and other
Maya
civilized countries.
70
Maya
and
them ?
No
contains no mystery.
it.
instruction
And
yet
it
tory legends being written in Egyptian characters, that, however, are likewise
we
If
At
Maya.
Sastra "
first
they will
it,
tell us:
we read:
produced
egg
was reproduced
Brahma,
the waters,
de-
egg, hriUiant as
of rays / and in
this
the
form of
this quotation
from the
'
the ancestor
'
and in them
the
of all heings. ^
analysis of the tableau shows
An
corporeal substance
own
But we
it,
although not
We
the waters.
wavy
is
tures in
of water
is
It
is
produced
These lines
first
it
by superposed
form the rim,
'
'
Manava-Dharma-Sastra,
lib.
i.,
also
H. T. Colebrooke.
Slokas 8-9.
ter-
Maya
know
also,
sculptures.
whole hne.
Everything has
And why
not ?
What
the
Is this withits
meaning
Mayach
of
71
two-fifths of the
Certainly not.
out significance ?
in the
is
SPHINX.
not
know
be asked.
is
lines,
By no
Do we
may
It
symbol of water?
means.
They
'
'
'
'
all things,
manifesting at the
dawn
who
create,
as
who
engender, they
an ever-increasing
light.
They are surrounded by green and azure; their name is GrucuCompare this conception of chaos and the dawn of
matz."
among
creation
read of
verse
'
it
in the
was only a
'
H. T. Colebrooke, Notice on
A'ran'ya,
" Originally
'
lib. i.,
chap.
we
this uni-
existed.
The
186.
i.
'
72
And
so
He
created these worlds, the water, the light, the mortal beings,
is
On
That water
is
it;
perishable;
the
first of
we
Assurbanipal, at Nineveh,
lated
by the
late
lines, trans-
first
No
ered everything).
into being."
'
'
(cov-
seen.
.
was the
the depths,
King
On
it is
related
how
known as Tidmat, the depths,' and how the god BeJMarduk overthrows Tidmat.
My readers wiU forgive me for indulging here in a short
digression that may seem unnecessary, but it is well to add to
'
'
show
that, at
Maya
colonists;
development of the
whom
except the
Maya
ofl^ers
no language
"the depths,"
is
ma,
Maya
ti (that
'
Tihamat, or be
"land"),
ti,
73
Tihamati
by
it
As
to the
Maltuuc
name Bel-MarduTc
that
(in
Maya)
it
is,
mal
is
plying," of "doing
things placed
Bel-Maltuvic
in order."
a "mass of
or 'KfA.-Marduk
for one
all
is
whose business
confusedly in chaos.
an
in
Jr.,
article
in the
Century
both in the cuneiform tablets and in Genesis with the meaning of " the deep," which is precisely its import in the Maya
language
te or ti,
'
'
where
'
'
hoiii,
'
'
'
the tableau over the door of the east fa9ade of the palace at
Chicllen.
(Plate XXIII.)
In
this
' Morris
Jastrow, Jr., "The Bible and the Assyrian Monuments,"
York, Century Magazine., January, 1894.
'^
pp. 316-317.
New
74
The
'
when
That egg
the bird
burst,
is
sea.
an emblem of deity
mouth of
emblem was an
spirit of
of
Mayach
scales; that
is,
the ocean.
them among
only to generalize
edifices,
fail to
The legend
do
drawing,
They
in this instance.
on either
<.
it
not
side of
seated therein.
It
is
who
is
composed of the
'^
ChampoUion
le
jeune
tells
/~~~
,
'
'
or be
Ellis,
it,
le
These
Mayas.
letters
The
emsign
ChampoUion
Egyptiens.
jeune, Precis
i.,
du Systeme Hieroglyphique
des Aiiciens
'
;
Why
"land."
this
H, with
we add
in both languages,
In Mayacli
it is
'
Mayas,
it is
is
ma
'
place,
'
Egypt?
the radical
mam,
a contraction of
The sign
pronounced
is
It
75
so frequent in
If to these
the letter
'
name of
what
is
was termed
in the abyss."
in
In
of
the tableau
we must
his
figure.
he
ask
tells
whom
human
was painted
it
is
it
better.
the figure
Although much
loin cloth,
and
stiU
'
'^
del
Idioma Maya.
lib. iii., p.
Pio Perez,
315.
it
Maya
his
head
Mayas
dictionary.
76
Lastly,
it is
Hebrew
name
is,
in
numbers
sum
which
of
is
21
that,
if
we
consider
letters
composing
it,
He,
and Vav,
3 x 7, the trinity
his
that
and the
septenary.
The
so
beyond
numbers
all others,
law of
cabalistic
the knowledge of
by their uses
T^mura that is,
may
be
had."
The number
of the assessors
when
in Amenti, was,
it
will be
sitting in
2.
souls
But
these twenty-one rays on each side of the cosmic egg also call
is
Egypt
and those of the pyramids of Mayacll made use of these numbers. AH
the most ancient pyramids in Yucatan are twenty-one metres high, the side
of the base being forty-two metres.
Tlieir vertical section was conseIn the drawing of their plans the builders of the great pyramid of
1885.
J.
"For
And 213
is
the
first
word
whence
Page
77.
Plate
XXIV.
77
to
by the
On
still
in use
Parsis.
is
monkey
the figure of a
We
learn
in a
sit-
from the
" Popol-Vuh " that in his attempts to produce & perfect man, an
intellectual creature, the Creator failed repeatedly,
and each
early experiments;
human
race of
making a
This primitive
that escaped
to
into monkeys.^
This
is
worthy
Mayas.
Maya
simians were
XXIY.)
may be a mere
(Plate
of notice, although
why
it
there also ape worship has existed from the remotest antiquity,
and does
still
exist
where ancient
religious rites
and customs
are observed.
we
belief
concerning
monkeys
that
to wit: "
when
'
'
Hippolyto Fauchfi.
i.,
p.
by Eavana^^
i.,
chap,
343, et passim.
iii.,
is
his
stiU held in
p. 31.
French translation by
78
Pompous homage
he
is
When
is
The pagodas
paid to him.
in
which
that island,
they plundered the temple of the ape god Thoth, and made
themselves masters of immense riches.
tion of the reader to the
som an Indian
name
It
Thoth means
call
the atten-
whose ran-
thousand ducats.
the Egyptians.
beg to
"god
of the
monkey, among
as a cynocephalus
of letters
The
Maya
Might
word
it
not
mean, metaphorically, to scatter letters knowledge ? As symbol of the "god of letters " the cynocephalus ape was treated
with great respect in
it
was
many
cities of
in a sitting posture,
Mayach,
an attitude of prayer.
in the sculptures of
the tem-
in stone tombs, in
which
their skeletons
and other
Avi'iter
monkeys received
divine
cap. XV.
las
Indias
Occidentalea, lib.
ii.,
a kneeling posture
(as in
Plate
79
in
XXIV.).
In Japan there
monkey
worship.
It is
said that the Japanese believe that the bodies of apes are in-
habited
by
empire.
monkeys a form
of
ancestor worship ?
of the ancient
as
some
of man, consequently.
It
would
may
"There
nothing
is
new under
the
sun."
facts to
be learned from
Chichen.
But
as they have
away from
no
direct bear-
we
shall turn
through the
whence we
from
its
started
for
we have
yet to glean
much
information
hall,
contents.
tropical sun
we
memorial
Yucatan
forests,
Ecclesiastes, cliapter
i.,
it
verse
to the
80
and we ask
ourselves:
Did the
Mayas
Maya
If so,
Or
did
religion, civilization,
and
and impart
to
them ?
knowledge among
Page
81.
Plate
XXV.
VIII.
The study
chamber
is
most
interest-
ing.
pillars
and
Mayas,
ever this
may
is
evident
artificially, as
What-
left
by them,
as the
Mess.
in
Charles Rau, Tablet of Palenque, chap. v. Aboriginal Writings of MexSmithsonian Institution's publications.
Yucatan, and Central America.
'
ico,
'
Hyacinthe de Charencey, Easai de Dechiffrement afun Vragment d' InscripNo. 3, Mars, 187G. Actes de la Societe Philologique,
VAmerique
6
Gentrale, p. 13.
le
83
how can
these gentlemen
a few characters
are
all
modern languages
mean
is
common
relationship can
bas-reliefs
of
Palenque, whose "heads, so very unusual, not to say unnatural," have been compared with those of the Huns;^ or the
short-statured individuals Avith round heads, oval faces, high
cheek bones,
ej'es,
flat noses,
Mayas, whose
looking
regular features,
lithe
and
intelligent, that
we
lips,
eyes open,
(Plates
to the
same family or
appearance
is
race,
tlieir
Plate
John Ranking,
p. 275.
Cilicia
and
its
Gov-
XXIX.
viii.
According to
(A. L. P.)
re-
national existence.
their
tiiis
Plate
Page
S2.
.1*
J'
-v^-y
"^y
f
pa!*;""
,. "^i
'
/f
'
XXVI.
Page. 82.
Plate
XXVII.
all
83
among
mode
the
of dress in
Mode of carrying
Standard-liearer.
shield
show
pillars
classes of the
among
the
Mayas.
Mayas
of
their customs,
many
of far-distant
These
may
it
Egyptians.
'
rial
Among
by the
Mayas
and the
jilates
XXXIX. -LI.).
84
altar, there
these
we
learn that
Maya matrons,
From
Gardner
Sir
" Married
says:
women
end with a
at the
The
hair
was bound
back of the
Macrobius,'
matrons, says
it
was
as a
cealed
This lock, he
its
solstice.
What
among
being observed
it
the
of
That
it ?
it.
two
(See Plates
XXXI.-XXXII., which
are
photographs of them.)
The
Mayas
made
to carry
p.
when a
friend died ^
and
of
The dead
vase, placed
'
Sir Gardner Wilkinson, Manners and Customs, etc.,
453 also vol. i., chap. xii.
' Macrobius, Saturnaliorum, etc., lib. i., 26.
' Sir Gardner
Wilkinson, Manners and Customs, vol.
in Egjqjt were
on the
vol.
iii.,
scale of
chap, xvi.,
iii.,
chap, xvi., p.
439.
'
Sacred Mysteries,
p. 80.
Page. 84.
Plate
XXXI.
Page
84-
Plate
XXXII.
Mayach.
This
we
learn
that
Prince
of
Coh
and
statues
Chicften by the
85
SPHINX.
They invariably
others.
Mayach
phyry
tells
distinction
this
Whence such
In
strange customs
us^ that in
among
the Egy3)tians?
Por-
intestines
and
put them into a vessel, over which (after some other rites had
were deposited
coffin,
genii of Amenti,
asks,
"Why call
an etymon
Sir
bore.^
These
Gardner Wilkinson
"
in the
These
in four vases
word without
In ancient
Peru the canopa were household gods; but the Quichua offers
no explanation of the name. If we want to know its mean-
we must
ing
inquire
They
'
*
Cauac
Vyilkinson, Manners
and Customs,
Ibid., p. 482.
'
Ibid., p. 490.
Kan, Muliic,
10.
vol.
iii.,
86
who
yellow Bacab,
Bacab,
to
who
whom was
intrusted the
Bacab, whose place was the west. They were held in great
veneration, and regarded as the genii of the wind.' These
learned men will also inform us that those powerful genii were
represented
human
were
heads,^
filled
From
the
Maya Canob
the
Do
who
Bacabs
preside at
Yama,
Chinese
to
Hou-Kowang, that
of the
'
CogoUudo, Historiade
Manava-Bharma-Sastra,
Cliou-King, chap.
i.
Mayas,
that
is,
Thotmes
III.,
Edit., 1688.
recall the
Stela of Victory of
197.
Yoa-tien,^axt\.
viii., p.
Sloka 87.
On
in the Bulaq
Museum,
it is
written
Do
"I,
not
the bags of ^olus, that contain the winds in Grecian mythology, recall the
four bottles, or jars, of the
Bacabs?
Page
86.
Plale
XXXIII.
SPHINX.
87
among the
Chaldeans,^ whose names were Sed-Alap or Kiruh, who was
represented as a bull with a human face; Lamas or Nirgal,
as a lion with a man's head; Ustur, after the human likeness;
protecting
principal
human
the
genii of
race
and
JSfattig,
These
creatures
by the
were
last
said
by
in his visions
river Chebar.'
by the Egyptians
may
in judgment; protecting,
by
It
was
we have already
by the Egyptians
to these vases
Mayach,
it
is
If the
seen.
not of
their
name given
Maya
origin, it
is
Landa' and
Mayas made
"
'
''
ix.
Coh's Mausoleum
xxxiii.,
(Plate Ivii.)
p. 193.
88
remains
it
lid of
the
coffin,
it,
contained.
After clearing from the altar the debris of the roof of the
portico, that in falling
buried
it
that
it
L. Stephens
we
found that
the atlantes and the bas-reliefs that adorned the upper side and
The
Maya
artists
laid
dis-
or menstruum
in
surface.
that
pig-
we had
that
already discovered
the
Mayas,
Mice the
col-
ored their sculptures and statues, and provided them Avith eyes
and
nails
made
of shell.
coincidence, or shall
we
who
introduced
Shall
regard
or,
it
it
is
a mere
as a custom transmitted
among them
tlie
from
by the
sculptor's art?
'
Eusebius, Prmp.
note X.
et
Demons. Evang.,
lib. iii.,
chap.
xi.
See Appendix,
IX.
The
many
we have
other proofs
Mayas
already
entertained
From
we
these
Asia,
yellow was the distinctive color of the royal family, as red was
that of nobility; and that blue was used in
Mayach,
" But
in that
as in
as
it
Had
the
Maya sages,
'
Sir
et
''
'
away."
is
well
known
vol.
passim.
Thomas Moore,
443,
far
pp. 375-557.
to those Avho,
iii.,
chap,
xvi., p.
90
in our day,
produced by colors
effect
was typical of
happiness
it
Blue,
that
blue induces
in
Mayach,
Egjrpt,
earthly
life,
was enjoying
believed that
aR things
of matter
in realms
hence of
and Chaldea
felicity the
of
They
on
the
rna-
Landa
tells
us that, to the
were painted
blue,
immo-
The image
ings.
all
Mehen,
of
was
the effigy of the god Kiieph,^ the Creator, in Egypt; and the
gods, the boats, the shrines, carried in the funeral processions,
blue.'
is
Ah-ac-
of the
"
azul," etc.
^
Eusebius, Prmp.
Sir
et
Demons. Mvang.,
lib. iii.,
chap,
vol.
xi., p.
315.
ii., c. xiii.,
p. 400.
Mayas,
for the
91
and vicar
of
of the highpriest
Deity on
was made
which the
Mayas
The
attached to colors.
limits of this
book
all civilized
and nobility of
and
red, colors
which
ments.
Red
is
Sandwich Islands
especially,
The king
Pacific, the
made
of yellow feathers.'
" The cloaks of the other chiefs were adorned with red and
3'ellow
nate
rhomboidal
lines,
black."
by a red
girdle,
Is this the reason why the Egyptians also placed feathers alike on the
heads of their gods and their kings ?
''Memoir of Father Ripa, p. 71.
"Thirteen Years' Residence at the
Court of Pekin." Marco Polo Travels, by flugh Murray, in 1250, p. 74.
'
'
iv.,
chap,
vi., p.
119.
92
The king
a red rosette.'
when he
travels, is carried in
a yellow palanquin.^
Yellow is
the gods.
"Widows
wives.
who immolate
Yellow
is
Among
is
authority on
all
is
is
and Africa,
in try-
and
of
it
and to make
it
own garments
the
mark
that of
of their exalted
vol.
M. Hue,
i.,
chap,
Recollections of
p. 33.
Thibet,
and China,
i.,
Abb6 Dubois,
340-243.
*
Cartaud de
la Villate,
:
"The
Critical
Thoughts
on
Matliematics
(vol.
i.,
among
the religions.
To the
Christians
This
is
dinals wear dress of a red color, this bein" that of the Sun."
QUEEN
3100
SPHINX.
93
It is well to
of
Mayach,
also,
whom
the beginning, the keeping of the pillar that supported the sky
Kan,
fiery region
God, without
whom
fire,
nothing
could
life sustainer,
exist,
is,
the
and everything
Kan
is
is
But
Can
is
Maya
Empire.
"Four," the
tetraktis,
initiates into
that
the mys-
is
verified frequently
name Kancab
and with
violence.^
of the deep
by
volcanic
fires,
'
upheaved
anthropomor-
Honien.
''
Hence the
p. 86.
94
SPHINX.
he darted four
light,
them.
brought
life
What
first
conclusions are
we
to derive
from the
Mayas
assigned
the number Four to the creative power ? That the Chinese, other
Asiatic,
like the
Mayas,
Maya
the
Kan,
language,
is
as
chiefs,
whose name
in
emblem
May-
dered,"
who had
arranger of
Chaldees,^
all
and
things;
was represented
Iloa,
the
as a serpent.
is
"god of life,"
I may quote
Lord Kingsborough,
nava-Dluirma-Sastra,
'
The
among
'
lib.
Were
Bcrosus, Fragments,
pei'haps allow-
1.
iu the
in
Ma-
Slokas 5-7.
i.,
Americanists.
it is
ii., copy of a
Mexicau luaimscript
Compare with the recital of Creation
vol.
of the
in this
strictly
tliey
^ 3.
is
Ilnns
Ilelludius,
1.
s.
c.
at once
'
it
life
'
95
and
'
serpent,
'
which
since,
Hea or Hoa
with the serpent of the Scripture, and the paradisiacal traditions of the tree of
Will
ator
is
it
tree of life."
'
Mayach alone
the
name
of the serpent
Mayas, having
that in
in the. affirmative,
Is it not, then,
with inflated breast, spread the notion among the other nations
with which they had intimate relation, in whose territories
they established colonies ?
There
is
much
color as symbol,
all civilized
to be said, that
and
its
use as
mark
is
interesting,
among
and America.
The
on the red
of nobility of race
we
mth
are told
the
by Mr.
Egjrptian Sphinx
was
Judging from
Mayas, and
Rawlinson, in his biased ignorance, has been teaching a greater truth than
But let it be said to his credit he has not done it on purhe imagined.
pose, for he did not dream of it.
96
riors.
was
who
Egyptians,
and war-
Tear
ica,
and who
that
is,
of
Ya.e\i
par
Was it
men
"brave men."
of
excellence,
finally
of Asia Minor;
among
by
is
all
Mayas ? From
remote
contrast, of prayer
and supplication.
That the red color in the "Lands of the West" was the
distinctive
doubt.
quest
mark
AU
tell
of
To
when on
this
Indians, particularly
paint.
before entering
Rome, on returning
mand.
It
was customary
for
Roman
lib.
p. 77, et passim.
'
i.,
red,
and bodj'
chap,
his
com-
p. 6
lib. ii.,
also
chap. vL,
was
SPHINX.
97
first acts of
minium, such
In Egypt, the god Set, the enemy of Horus, Avas styled " the
He was
very valiant."
Maya
god
painted red.
ti,
"for."
He
The
of the Avarriors,
and appropriated
it
to their
own
use.
In
They
Avere chosen
At
first,
Avealth,
they paid
men
Having acquired
own
To
folloAv-
class,
in case of necessity.
They
justified that
Eed, color
distinctive
"man par
became the
excellence
''^
therefore,
emblematic
of
poAver,
strength, dominion.
All historians say that red in Egypt Avas the SATubol of nobility of race.
Landa says
>
'
it
was customary
98
According to
red paint.
Africa,
who have
so
saw
Du
many
Mayas even
paint themselves
red,
Lake Triton,
?),
a people
in Libya,
daubed
word TlapilU,
that Tlapilli
eztli
it
its
also signifies
primary meaning
is
"to
and family.
Garcilasso de la Yega,^ Cieza de Leon,^ Acosta,^ and other
writers on Peruvian customs and manners, inform us that the
were made of
fine
Mr. William
crimson wool.
Ellis asserts
Maro Uru,
gods.'
Du
104-107,
Chaillu, Explorations
et
of red
Herodotus,
'
'
Acosta, Ilistoria de
i.,
lib.
cap. 28.
'
''
94,
jiasdm.
'
lib. vi.,
men pictured
William
Ellis,
Ibid., vol.
iii.,
las
Indias OcciJentales,
iv., p. 85.
lib. iv.,
i..
cap. 12.
p. ISO.
i.,
cap. 22
99
human
edifices at
painted red.
all
Were we
as the creator of
not told of
it
by
Tum
literally,
"he
symbolical of power
of the
in the
new
Maya
things."
language
Ah-
is
might.
A and T should
be read.
It is
sometimes
T-Mu.
represented in a boat in
the goddess of
T-Mu
glyphs that form his name, then that god must have been the
personification of that continent
writers as Atlantis.
country of
we
the Egyptians
West, and painted him red, the color of the inhabitants of the
countries with which they were most familiar,
Sir
influenced the
and of which
Hindoo
Customs, vol.
iii.,
philoso-
chap,
xiii.,
p. 178.
'^
Maya words
100
when they
phers
of letters
and
cate that
men
odes,^
By
science.
this
of that color,
letters, arts,
and
the knowledge of
civilization,
sciences.
In Polynesia, red
is
still
many of
is,
We are told
were
deified,
nies
of
when
Godhead.
The red
bolical of their
on earth.
in
that
This
new powers,
as
it
had been of
desti-
man and
the
sjva.-
their authority
XX. 33.
" Manes."
101
belief,
gods
spirits
is
itants,
human
lions of
is still
The Church
beings.
Rome
teaches this
demon
of
a mediator between
of
whom held
Many
it
who, the
saints,
convey their
do,
walls,^ to
remind the god of their vow and prayer; but they fasten
votive offerings
made
Such votive
made
offerings,
Mayas,
men.
well
is
known
every person.
'
found scattered
their great
It
of clay, are
Alexandria, Stromata,
iii.,
v., lib.
c,
p.
260
(edit. Potter), in
St.
Clement of
admitting that
102
came
As
mark of ownership.*
was used from time immemorial by the Mayas, in
such
it
whose temples and palaces can yet be seen numerous red imSuch impressions
prints of hands of various shapes and sizes.
being met with in
aU.
places in Polynesia
Mayas
are found,
and
may
where
in India
serve as compass
and
of land
sea,
travel.
came
to be
ments.
of a red mixture to
stamp
houses,
Eed
seals are
docu-
all
obtains
still
among
The foregoing
red color,
their
vow
among aU
or prayer
is
whom
'
nowhere
is
of
in recording
its
Henry R. Schoolcraft,
Sir
it
symbol
"Ou
the
adoption of the
devotees using
when imploring
of ownership, hence of
sealed; but
true, of the
mark
it
as
official
ments.^
ii.,
why it came
Red Hand,"
p. 476,
to be the
apiid
3.
L.
symbol
Stephens,
Appendix.
vol.
iii.,
chap,
xvi.,
p. 437.
'
vol.
j\I.
i.,
Hue,
chap,
Recollections of
viii., p.
183.
103
Mayas
that
we may
Chac
It
word cliac
and
Maya
the
is
Maya
word
"red."
for
Cliaac
is
the
This giant,
"the god
this
of plenty,"
ment
as the
"the keeper
festival, called
"god
of rain,"
of the fields," in
Tupp-Kak, "the
month
of
whose
extinguish-
Mac,^ when
Here, then,
we
why
the same time the symbol for violence and for supplication
or prayer.
of rain,
his priests
god
that he should
The
'
cross
was
his
emblem.^
xl., p. 252.
This mouth of Mac began on the 13th of our month of March, and
ended on the 2d of April.
'
X.
rites of
honey-
is
the rehgioa
of their forefathers.^
As
tion of Christian
form, loses
translated
it
for the
much
AbbO
illiterate.
it
is
all
it
the words, or
stripped of
its
most
Troano MS.,
'
As presented
of its interest.
'
interpola-
was very
by the
vol.
ii.,
p. 101.
instructive features,
among
in use
SPHINX.
Abbe
that he himself
ing of the
is
far
Maya
Mayas and
^
certain
it is
words.
As
others
105
their language,
who
in his
all
and
is
very prone to
criticise
version,^
abbe's
On
Soils
of
X-Canchakan,
citj''
of
Mayapan,
situ-
invited Mrs.
famous
Landa, the lords and nobles of the country, with the chief of
Tutuxius
the
Cocom
his city
and
and stronghold,
after
and destroyed by
removing the
libraries
fire
and other
Being at X-Cancliakau,
met a
lived for
native,
Marcelo Canicli,
Maya
made
measure identical
unfounded criticism, see Appendix,
106
He had
hacienda.
and
his
SPHINX.,
He
to whom
When he
also
it
to nie,
memory
it
it
live in
Some months
Uxmal,
later
we
there, the
head
man
Pacab.
Muna.
voice,
was fond
Spanish,
He
He
for
low
was he by
his
himself had
StUl,
when he
his
many
soft
understood
honored
"While
of the laborers
the kings of
Tutul-Xius.
years in
Mima
its last
abode.
I
Some-
when
allusion
was made
color of
pla}'
upon
my
He was
his lips,
Notwithstanding the
sprang up between us
I could
him
SPHINX.
I pointed out to
manners
of ancient
Mayas
107
Only when
and
me
my
lifting of
questions that, to
panorama.
When
as given to
me by
tzil
caan,
ti ti
cancan
cante
in than
xotllol, ti
u Icab
yumbil.
When
the
the
East,
four parts of
broken accents
fall in
my
the hands
of the Lord.
likil
muyal
lakin, ti
nacahbal cliumuc
When
chac
ti
Alitzolan,
paatalibal
Kan
yum
King
ii
Kancheob ti cilicli
oami balche, yetel u cilich
lan,
lords
who
ing of Alitzolan,
com-
then the
lation.
accuracy.
Dictionary in hand,
trans-
be able to verify
its
108
ti
noh yumbil.
lord's
of
full
love
the
for
"guardians of
tearers,
may
them
place
whom
Most High,
they rever-
ence as a father.
ali kintzil;
si
for thee,
my
a puczikal ca kubic a
ich yacunah a chic
oabilah
ti ti
Kab
by
of the devotee
his
own
prayer that the gods should look upon him whilst he performs
the operation, recall vividly the practices in use
among
the
and
J'^oung
this, Agdistis.''''
'
shell,
women,
tells
us that
men and
to the
honor of
to
Herodotus^
in
rites,
vol.
i.,
p. 531.
'
Page
Plate
109.
?i3
IS'
msz
-'^i
;'^]^'^:^'"\r:ig
XXXIV.
:-iiii)lgii
still
more.
They
109
stab them-
on
their
own
own
in
Yucatan made
offer-
favor.
religious observances of
"We
gods.
may here
The
do homage to these
wont
divinities
to torture
them-
by drawing a rope
Manche, now
in the British
The invocation
to the
Museum.
god
(Plate
XXIX.)
an expla-
Naclian
rain,
symbolized by an image of
The
analysis
of
the tablet
represented in the
(Plate
Maya
illustration
XXXIV.)
in vogue
among
ancient
'
the
110
known as
the month
When
Cross.
at the beginning of
the Southern
May
of
this
is
He
near at hand.
This
is
then prepares to
why,
the
Tj
chest of all
^'^'^j
in
aU times and
why
in
come; and
life to
mummies.
This symbol, so
common
in the sculptures
and temples of
is
image adorns
The
" This
Maya
is
meaning
and public
name
of Ti-lia-u,
sea,
whose
buildings.
of the sign
T,
^^^^^)
is,
on
divinity to
is
whom
emblem
of the
he ministers.
On each side of
man on the right,
human
woman on
figure
the
left.
that of a
They are
As
and
viii.
of the
principle.
is
is,
who
rises
to all nature.
every morning
Ill
As again in the tableau of the Cortesianus, the female principle, Ik mamacali, the " life nuUifier," " she who causes life
to disappear,"
is
placed to the
is
left,
is,
The
hence of the
life to
womb
is
of
nature,'
adorned with
We
balch6
fermenting.'
It is well to recall here
various authors
who wrote
god of rain:
" Gomara, speaking of the religion of the people of the
as symbol of the
'
ple that looked like a square tower, in which they kept a very
'
xiii.
Tlie balcli<5
113
famous
At
idol.
made
this existed
and worshipped
as the
they went to
scarce,
They made
had been
fall.
"
'
would never be
devoutly asked
it
of the cross."
Pontifical
6,
chap. 23,
(lib.
8),
in
felt
want
...
Maya
impossible to understand
is
did not
would soon
it
in procession
it
rain.''"'
and
In the middle of
rain,
of stone
Maya
occultists,
why
it
would be well-nigh
a quail, a bird, in
full
why
plumage,
the cross
is
planted on a skull;
why
The
explanation, however,
The
is
most
simple.
also
Chiicli
is
the
it
have been
scattered"," as birds
do
in the fields,
robbing the
What,
then,
more
This
is
why
they
113
fields.
first
adorn the
some other
was
placed,
was dedicated
where
it
XI.
Let us revert
at funerals
by both
Mayas
We will
and Egyptians.
examine
attrib-
held sacred;
its
that of ancestors.
monkey
where
is
it is
was
is
to be con-
This species of
of Central America,
very abundant.
Isis
and
Osiris.
letters,
He was
Amenti, where
his business
was
to note
office
of
down
them
scribe in
Thoth, in that
ca]3acity, is represented as
He
is
a cjaiocephalus mon-
ach,
also,
Baao,
US
May-
In
known
Uxmal we
On
the sum-
a shrine com-
side, is
The
is
those stairs
The
sides
is
At
characters have
vic-
the foot of
human
tells us,
to the action
of
On
obliterated.
fall face
inscrip-
fire,
the
several of
well preserved.
The
of the
Yum cimil,
"god of death,"
in a squatting posture.
kneeling as
if
by a huge
in prayer (Plate
statue
represented by a skeleton
six cynocephali,
side of
The god
of death faced
where
south,
find
the
explanation
by
translating
least
what remains
of them.
Is it a
'
116
Mayach,
cynocephali
That such
fact there
in Egypt, as in
no doubt.
is
tell what
The cynocephalus is
It
is
also indigenous of
many
metamorphosis into
and which
is
regions, the
monkeys we read
kingdom
in
book
Mayach.
word
is
for
now
We
form of a myth.
Deified
The meaning
" cynocephalus."
lost.
lived
his family
loAved
who
May-
sacred
in
reigned over
whose
"
the
Popol-vuh, "
of
said to
ach, particularly
Copan
only find
it
Baao
of the
fol-
Maya
name Chuen
is
the
day of the
month.
Like the
Mayas/
West
as the
'
'
Horapollo, Ilierogly.,
lib.
i.,
vii. 3.
14, 15.
Popol-Vuh, part
ii.,
vii., et
cap. XV.
passim.
viii.
Ocddentales,
lib.
ii.,
117
Amenti.
the waters
there, also, it
sat
his office
of scribe.
West ?
arm
Sir
of the
mummies
of distinguished per-
sons across the chest, so that the right hand rested on the
We
shoulder.
We
acli.
explaining
May-
shall refer to
the
it
sculptures
more
that
left
when
ornamented Prince Coh's
at length, later on,
mausoleum.
If
we examine
resented
by the
the ornaments
rep-
on
the jambs of the doorway and on the antse that supported the
Coh's Memorial
who
Hall,
immemorial
and
bracelets,
same kind
rings and
much
the prcA^alent
ChampoUion Figeac,
Sir
p. 486.
Nose
tially
'
times
of
anklets,
From
finger-rings.
of
They
are
tribes living
its affluents,
still
as
on the
in the very
Customs, vol.
ill.,
chap, xvi.,
118
heart of
the
Mayas
tribes,^
as
habitually
women of
worn by women
He
time of Isaiah.
They are
by Arab
women
in the
of the
Mayas
and
it
It
is
among many
knowing nothing
by the tendency
'
vol.
of the
human mind,
many
in
its
ex^Dlain
diverse nations,
struggles to free
Travels in
South Atneriea,
ii.
"
i.
ii.,
Isaiah, chap,
iii.,
verse 21.
itself
who
in similar
ries,
ng
How
is
it
or studs fast-
lips,
ened on either or both sides of the nose, has obtained and does
still
the ancient
it
civilized or savage.
still
It incites
In
all
times, in all
holds,
them
Next
and they,
to these nose
and
its slaves,
lip jewels,
humbly obey.
and paintings
there
is
of the
Maya
seem that
it
was used
It
as a badge of authority, as
which
would
was the
breastplate, since
to
goddesses in Egypt.
many
as a
in
Chaldea and
mark
Genesis, chap,
toms, vol.
'
iii.,
xli.,
verse 43.
p. 370.
Rawlinson,
2'Ae
i.,
p.
568
vol.
iii.,
p. 370.
XII.
let
us examine the
Memorial Hall.
it
was
learn
by whom,
to
whom,
erected.
it
We
it
in the
Maya
language.
(Plate
must, of course,
XXXV.)
first line of
This ornament
One
of the
two words
names for
for circle,
rope, in
hoi and
Maya,
iiol.
have,
by changing
means a "warrior."
'
is
kaan.
There are
by the two
kaan
first
distinct objects
to be the second,
we
the k into
c,
the
xxix., p.
17-1.
Plate
XXXV.
Page
121.
Plate
XXXVI.
131
repetition of a
word
is
series of
is
many
tie," etc.
the same line there are also four circles, and a fish on
Cay
the
This
first syllable of
On
is
or
Moc
Maya word
generic
the
is
Maya for
" fish."
Queen
It
as the English
is,
In
word
instance
this
it
and a
"to wish."
fish,
if
we
" to
signifies
of four circles
wishes to
speak, to testify.
On
repeated,
which
nestly desire,"
we
many
"to crave."
it
These
by
this
'
"to
ear-
separated
by
circles are
times
ornament
TTbi
line,
is
supra, p. 93.
directly connected
with
122
composed of straight
lines
rounded by a border.
To
is
expressed
made.
is
The leopards are the totem, hence the name of the hero to
whose memory the hall was erected. By these we learn that
he was called Coh. As to the shields covered with leopard
skin, they are the badges of his profession, which, from the
ropes with circles within their open strands,
we have
already
it
Moo
"Cay,
made this
reads:
luis
Does not
this recall
sisters, Isis
As we
and
doorway
calls
Here
represented the
is
beam
our attention.
to tlie
Moo,
that forms
(Plates
by
XXXVII. -XXXYIII.)
Aac
murder
of the latter
'
by the former.
Page
122.
Plate
XXXriI.
Page
122.
Plata
XXXVIII.
by
resented
their totems
names
123
leopard-head for
Coh
and a
Maya.
Aac
is
he faces
mented with
in
which
Uxmal.
his brother.
feathers
and
Full of anger
is
a badge orna-
flowers.
Coh was
among
Among
weapon.
the
car-
to hide a dangerous
of the sting-ray.^
fell
intent
way
in
slain.
face of
So in
Maya
Mayach
as in
Are we
to see in the
ser-
Egyptian
by
brothers
Aac
and
Coh
in
Mayach ?
'
Sir
i.,
Both belonged
to the
vol.
iii.,
chap,
xiii.,
124
Can
(serpent) dynasty.
Egyptian myth
In Greece
we
that
serpent Python.
is,
enemy
kills
of the gods,
During
among
other
between the
priest,^
woman and
tians received it
'
J. T.
Wheeler, MahablMrata,
'
vol.
15.
Genesis, chap,
ii.,
xvii.
verse 15.
i.,
;
"
this
The
Chris-
Legends of Krishna."
Eome
She
Japan.
which
its
is
is
we
So, also,
Goddess
see the
are called
bearing
Canche
snakes.
It
with
in
name
of
body,
its
is
the totem,
The mangrove
in the
Maya
well,
is
This
fruit.
it
Maya
feet.
tree,
125
tree
and
language; that
its
is,
contorted roots,
in this
connection,
to
Maya
also
Empire was
MS. and
Empire
tree,^
represented the
Maya
American continent,
or as a serpent
and
In
"Chou-King," says
tclii
that han
commentator on the
of a tree,
and
on the jambs
of the doorway,
and seeming
We
ence as
if
its
of the Pshent
like sentinels
chamber,
^A\ of
the Egyptian
still
de Tucathan,
'
Cogolludo,
lib.
i,,
much
monrever-
guard-
we notice one
chap.
i.
etc., p. 127.
126
of his
life,
Aac,
of his childhood,
friends,
who
monument
hover there?
still
So,
to perpetuate
it;
of his
effigies
to his
manes
of a
whole nation
that
he
who
In
so saying,
celebrated
'
am
Maya book,
the Troano.
ii.,
XIII.
awe and
disgust that
what remained
that once covered those waUs from the plinth to the apex of
Of these we
by making accurate
part.
The
was
saved,
tints
were
stiU
bright,
to
in
the island of Elephanta,^ only here the artists Avere less tram-
melled by conventionalities in
to nature,
more
the
art.
Chaldee,
"
pendix, note
'
John
artists,
who
executed them
Mayas
Avere
95.
little
See Ap-
xviii.
Appendix, note
xi.
ii.,
p. 311.
See
138
Their landscapes
The
The
lines.
series of
tableaux separated by
The
She
is
first
Moo
when
yet a child.
Mayach
She
is
as
it
was
man
and other
places.
found attention to the decrees of fate as revealed by the cracking of the shell of an armadillo exposed to a slow
brazier, the
condensing on
(Plate
tints it assumes.
This
Mayas
mode
fire
on a
XXXIX.)
is
show the
of divination
that tends to
of the vapor,
it
many Maya
customs
unless
:
it
be again
who had
the hody of a
serjjent,
and
note
p. 360.
of the
See Appendix,
Plate
XXXIX.
'
Mayas
empire of the
calls to
129
mind the
Continent, whose contour was that of a serpent, whose sovereigns were the
Cans, or
China as in
god of
It is therefore
intelligence,
Does not
this
Long, "the
among them
the
emblem
of the
"winged dragon"
is
Why have
Mayach.
Maya
recall the
"winged
ser-
and knowledge ?
a precisely similar
mode
is
called the
dillo,
of consulting fate,
first
tableau
is still
by the emperor, to
performed in China.
is
the victim.
from the
col-
ors,
Sloka 31
dew
of the shell
1st,
dark or
dull,
They believed
tliat
mode
of divination
Ku
130
SPHINX.
from
Maya
His head
Empire.
which he seems
is
is
of the
well
is
known
priest,
and the
significance of
young queen.
I forbear
now
to read the
meaning of the
among
Behind the
face.
which
reflected in the
is
the
the scrolls
Mayas, and
image of
it
scroll,
because
its
She
is
is
is
Moo, no
not seated
once more in
concealed
b}^
mask
vie with
She
low
stool
all,
spokeswoman.
sits
on a
the queen.
of
lad}' is the
The
acts as crier,
and repeats
on a
stool,
back
Page, ISO.
Plats
XL.
PagR
131.
Plain
XLI.
The
131
refusal is indicated
It
is
The
H-men
if
Moo,
explains that
fist,
if
and disappointment, while the attendant behind him expostulates, counselling patience and resignation, judging by the position
and expression
Herodotus
tells
palm upward.
of respect used
They
by
Among
inferiors in
into their
manners
and customs.
One
consisted in placing an
arm
hand
the chest
generallj'', across
(Plate XLI.)
was the law among the Mayas, that, in order to preserve the royal
blood from admixture and contamination, the girls should marry their
brothers.
Tlie same custom obtained in Egypt, Chaldea, Greece, and
many other places from the remotest antiquity. The gods even observed
'
It
AVe are told that Jupiter married his sister Juno. In Peru
and other countries of the Western Continent, royal brothers wedded their
the practice.
royal sisters.
Herodotus, Hist.,
'
Sir
lib. ii.,
Ixxix.
illust.
132
From
if
we
by
are to judge
the
of
in
vogue
still
the
illustrations in
among
to Father CogoUudo.'
The Mayas usually placed the left arm across the chest, letting
the left hand rest on the right shoulder.
The natives of Yucatan, British Honduras, Peten, and the
countries bordering on Guatemala
themselves,
customary with
arms hanging by
what
their sides, as
chest.
common
laborers
games
in
for their
of the gifts of
^
;
to both
If so, then
professed
of their
; '
is
among
(Plates
Can
XLII.-XLIII.)
Mayas
still
'
of
same
daj^ (cor-
'
dotus, Hist.,
^
lib.
ii.,
Ixxxi.
Ibid., xci.
Herrera.
"
vol.
ii.,
p. 334.
Plate.
Page. 132.
XLII.
Page 132
Plate.
XLIII.
Page
Plate
133.
XLIV.
Mayacli
; '
cidences?
But
if
list
of
are these
133
which
The Egyptians
and the
Mayas
is
also coin-
we
whose
offer of
consultation with a
rank
is
indicated
or confidential friend,
who
sits
The
The
is
His friend
is
Maya
it
by
is
as
wrapped
in
words as
smooth a preamble
as
Reflecting
NubcM's
fine
are all nonsense, and exclaims " Pshaw! " which contemptuous
exclamation
is
ends, escaping
pictured
from
by the yellow
scroll,
pointed at both
The answer
of the
evidently, " It
is
so!
"
occultists
why
and Customs,
Egypte,
vol.
p. 236.
iil.,
chap, xiii
xxxix., p. 236.
p. 107.
134
that
it
to establish
is
between them.
we
His name
In
Citam
He
He
Moo's companion
he has been
fact,
(peccary).
is
H-men
The
peccary.
which he
adze.
tions.
sacrificial
listens
He
He
Moo's
always be Queen
will
Not
so,
with her.
In Plate
is
madly
in love
the
geous
dictate.
to his
comes
fuU. of
He
attire,
cant, to ask
He
He
is
demand
Moo's
an armadillo's
sulted
by
all
wrote her
It
destinj"-
Pou ceremony.
was on
when con-
The yellow
Page
134.
Plate
XLV.
Page
134.
Plate
XL VI.
Page
135.
Plate
XLVII.
scroll issuing
The
pontiff,
from
however,
his
is
unmoved by them.
135
feelings.
In the
name
of
the gods, with serene mien, he denies the request of the proud
sharp points.
Prince Coli
He
sits
behind the
priest, as
happy
He
The
He
is
Cay,
Cans
of the ruin
proper for
is
and
men
and
Divested of
it
is
aruspices
Coh
how
a spy,
he watches.
highpriest himself.
storm that
his
sits
listens,
Aac.
at his discomfiture.
who wiR
is
The
chief of the
on the palpitat-
his face,
come
(Plate
XLVII.)
Could the history portrayed by these fresco paintings be
"
136
given here in
Skipping,
it.
we
shall consider
is
Mayach
The
aegis.
leads his
side,
followers to victory.
This serpent
is
rulers
It is the
Nohocli Can,
the country.
of
It is
is
Lower Egypt.*
The sieve was in Egypt emblematic
of
sieve,
have explained.
tologists
selected
sons.
Still
What
Egyp-
was
sufficient rea-
for in
modern
In the
times.
Maya
language
In
we
it
word
for sieve
is
3Iayab.
in a
Fage
136.
Plate
XL VIII.
Page
137.
Plate
XLIX.
was
in
of the
porosity of
told,
as through a sieve,
to
on account of the
it
to filter
in pools
its soil,
137
through
it
and lakes,
is
honeycombed.
Did, then, the wise
men
Egypt
of
select as
symbol of
their
remembrance
on a
place
it
from
Mayab
erect
we
pass over
XLIX.)
Prince Coh.
senting a village
'
repre-
The
belongings.
coming
The people
is
Mayas.
spoils that
also hers,
and
he will
his love,
is
him
ish
them
to
We next
Aac.
much
'
The
The
him
see
disfigured
This
is
traveller
in a terrible altercation
and broken
as to
make
it
impossible to obtain
who
to-day goes by
rail
fruits.
Maya artist.
138
good
Coh
tracings.
is
when he
Coll
killed
is
now
him
wounds he
viscera
back
treacherously.
laid out,
L.)
fists
spears,
(Plate
served in a stone urn with cinnabar, where the writer found them
in 1875.
His
sister-wife.
Queen Moo,
Nik6
in sad contemplation of
and her
sister
Nik6
made
Another,
who seems
The youngest
child
The grandmother
conies last.
present,
pic-
He
is
Mayacli, as
who had
ceremonies.'
to
submit to purification
The winged
"He who
?.,
is
These
b)^
appropriate
who come
near
it."
Manai-a-
Ihid., lib.
Sloka 85.
"The death of a parent or relative causes one to become defiled."
Page
ISS.
Plate L.
Page
1S9.
Plate LI.
is
The
139
slain.
He is dead. The people are without a chief.
With the customary rites Prince Coil's remains have been
made to return to their primitive elements by means of the
has been
when
made
his
With due
mausoleum.
it
in
Queen M<So
marrying
is
now
my master,
the messenger
a widow.
the powerful
first
messenger,
than
custom
still
No
(Plate LI.)
who
of the house
has
left
existing
Aac
among
sooner has
she
with supplicating
master,
who
residence.
family
is
Aac
yellow.
is
He bows
and lowers
weapons, in token of
his
them
at her
command.
The
It also
science of physiognomy,
140
when
by the
consulted
She refuses to
H-men
ceremony of Pou.
in the
name
totem, a serpent,
of his dynasty,
Aac, whose
is
tempter wJiose
American
title
Com,
is
^^serjpent,''''
an episode in ancient
history.
as asserted
book Genesis,
in his
by the dismemberment
Can
dynasty, as
we
civil
Maya civil-
the empire in
of
we
see a
monkey.
is
us.^
macaw
raised as
if
introducing this
gestures?
Queen
Man
Osiris in
monkey
artist
in this scene,
who
wished to indicate by
by
in consequence of events,
If,
the riddle
is
about
its
attitude
Queen
Moo
and
its
became
easy.
Tliotli,
and
Troano
'
j\IS.
part
ii.,
of this
plate xvii.
J v., p.
34.
monkey,
SPEINX.
141
explained.
It is impossible to
Yucatan.
in
what or whom
it is
It
meant
is,
for,
therefore,
difficult to
him a
Avere inimical is
certain, since
surmise
consequently to assign to
an
latter,
judg-
Prince Aac's
Maya
iconoclastic
of these
author,
we
destroyed.
is
friars that
came to
Mayach
of the builders of
Aac's
Chichen and
Uxiiial.
wage war
was
He
He made
reli-
"winged
ancestors, typified
he had so
country into
ci^al
war
vii.
own
wel-
143
Prompted by such
passions,
attacked those
own
his
faithful to
vassals
evil
and
Here, then,
woman
we have
we
where
tries
At
first,
vestiges of
Maya
favored
soil,
strife that
Fortune
now one
side,
now
the other.
At
last
Queen
Moo
Mayach,
fell
(Plate LII.)
coun-
foes.
all
"The
into submission
and
from blows.
suffer
common with
tenth
of
toward the
east.
already suffered
first
much
to say,
which had
injury.
of the year
Mulnc
""
;
that
is
or eight
after she
prisoner.
ii.,
jjlates xvi.
aud
xvii.
Plate LII.
Page US.
143
quered the others one by one, and also those which had aided
made
the
of the fourth
An
of the
Maya
author
may
serve to
correctly
Her
by the
Next she
is
"he
hair
and kicks
the deer
Her
The deer
is
last
severed in two, to
his
is
Aac
now
carrying
show the
We
is
hanging
This
is
the
emblematic of
political condition of
She
is
in full flight
its
beak.
Maya Empire.
away triumphantly
sole master,
sway.
leg
with black
he
Moo,
This explains
her.
resents
we
whose
The
Mayacli
after
Moo's
depart-
ure from the country, and follow her in her journey east-
ward.
became
Enough
so
to say that
tyrannical
Aac,
left
against
him
144
Can
empire.
As
M6o
cerning Queen
her flight to
Zinaan.
Not
continued to travel toward the rising sun, in the hope of reaching some of the
known
isles,
remnants of the
Land of Mu.
It
was
by earthquakes.
Maya
authors styled
it
"the Life,"
" the Glory of the Ocean," and of which, in his " Timaeus,"
Plato has given so glowing a description.
In one night
it
'
had
suddenly disappeared, engulfed by the waves, with the majority of its inhabitants,
To one
of those
shelter.
'
of
ii.
30.
XIV.
The
occurrence of
likely to
coming generations;
edge of
and so
it
day.
The
quakes and
then by submergence,
fire,
among modern
its
scientists.
destruction
is
by earth-
a mooted question
American
records,
and affecting to
that
'
'
all that,
and Sonchis
down
of old,
and
is
preserved
and to advance
own
i2}se dixit,
dreaming
magistral
denial, little
146
four different
Maya
authors, in the
Maya
but
in
It
all
Each
language.
own
particular style,
may be
that three of
as to the fourth,
knew nothing
that he
of the
it
effected.
other's writings
works of those
com-
writers, all
One
on stone
The
in bas-relief,
slab
on Avhich
is
it is
Maya
Mu
in such a
became a new
they began a
new
From
it
Mohammedans from
Mohammed from
Mecca.
They
also
of 13, in
month
in
arranged
memory
all their
of thirteen days
day of the
fifty-
Pedro Beltran,
of the catacl3'sm
xirte del
is
to be
found in the
p. 304.
Page
146.
Plate
MIL
Plate
Page
W-
LIV.
147
work
(Plate LI V.)
disaster.
"The
Thus he recounts
year six
Kan,
earthquakes,
the
it
by
continually shaken
volcanic forces.
caused the land to sink and rise several times and in various
At
places.
and
Does not
by
The
Mu "is
by the author
Codex Cortesianus.
of that
His style
Maya
is
more
'
'
Ibid.
ii.,
plates
more
His relation
LV.-LYL):
to v.
plate v.
ill
ii.
of
book known to us as
MS.
"Land
148
"
By
after sunset;
Homen*
Mu,
life
of the basin,
was submerged by
is
now
lifeless; it
Homen
moves no
Twice
killed
Mu
it,
has submerged
jumped from
it.
foundations.
its
It burst while
The
it up
It
was then
down
sacrificed
with
violently
makes
all
fire.
very night."
From
putation,^
and began, as
Mayas
it
were, a
Land
of
new
Mu,
is
evident that in
if
of
it
asserting
it
was the
Homen
the wizard
human
who made
beings or animals.
p. 234.
Page
IJfl.
^,^J|^Uf*W*#-'^-'.^
Plate,
LV.
Page U7.
Plate
LVI.
greatest deluge
man.
Their narrative
From
authors.
with
149
tallies
all their
the inhabitants of
Maya
communications
of
at
mud.
As
the loss of
Mu,
since,
They
it.
cele-
brated the festival of the Small Panatheneas, in commemoration of the victory gained
by
their ancestors,
Greece
nations
having
after
conquered
the
Mediterranean
other
own homes;
Homen.
time
still
Maya
memory
wrote an
prevalent
among them.
In
"When
it
wrath of
of the catastro-
Land of
Mu
and
its
line of said
Maya
of
epic.
names
of their letters
why
What
else
150
Tau ?
at the
to place the
of intel-
Omikron
men
in the middle
Maya
He
and correct
it,
epic
in case
invited
Maya
schol-
time
world.
No
was
correction
offered,
it
Spanish and
who
it
Maya
less
that of the
Maya,
a knowl-
latter,
hate.
lost
all,
where
the
Maya
edge of
although at the
autonomy
cutions
of their people
of
suffered
since 1540
at the
hands of
called
whose
serfs
free in accordance
with the
law.^
The following
ish in Merida.
'
iv.
151
:;
152
Greek
Alphabet.
Sigma.
Tad.
Upsilon.
Zi
ik
Cold;
wind;
u.
Ta
Where
basin valley.
pa
Abyss
tank;
Phi.
Pe
hi.
clay.
Chi.
Come; form;
Chi.
Mouth; aperture.
Pbi.
Pe
Come
Omega.
out;
zi.
vapor.
niec
There;
whirl
ma.
cold
Tatj.
where
air.
Before
eaistoi valleys,
Upsilon.
Tuno, abysses,
Phi.
clay
Chi.
a mouth
frozen tanks.
In circular places
formed.
Psi.
opens; vapors
Omega.
come
forth
and
volcanic sediments.
153
XV.
Moo
"When Queen
vanished.
Not a
vestige of
Land of
was to be
it
Mu
had
except the
seen,
shoals
made
this
tion for
It
many
Moo,
cles,
We
She
Imown
(Mo6).
is,
however, better
Queen
as the goddess
and
suc-
find
Mau
Ids
colors, imitating
macaw,
after
which she
was named in Mayach. Isis was, no doubt, a term of endearment applied to their beloved queen hj her followers and her
new
ical
subjects.
It
seems to be a corruption or
pronunciation of the
Maya
may
be a dialect-
iclsin),
Sir
vol.
iii.,
p. 395.
Page
155.
Plate
LYII.
Page
155.
Plate
LVIII.
155
Mayach, Queen
Mdo
memory of
the
in
it
with
this
mark
had
Avere
That on the
LVIII.)
is
drawn
life
remote ages, to
all
the breath of
lijss
His posture
by the Mayas,
is,
in those
human body
as nearly as the
(Plate
a dying warrior on
in fact,
modern
Prom
thrown backward.
of our
sculptures in mezzo-relievo.
frieze represents
any
sides of the
on Avhich
to
(Plate LVII.)
panels,
painted in
Not satisfied
The four
life
of the
body
could be
made
Maya
Empire
to assume
it.
One
of the
two small
in
worn by
156
hand
a token of respect
among
dead ?
Does
which the
ment
resting
His
left
the living, as
we have
its
its
arm is placed
to be
point
across
This
is
already seen;
assumed by the
seat of
Yum-cimil,
when
stand-
from
his
mouth ?
in Egypt.
WiUdnson,'
This
" placed
is
the arms of
side,
on the same
subject, says:
les
d/roite;
'
hommes
main
is
bras des
quelquef ois la
ce hras
sometimes even
VejMide
sur la pdtrine."
The
is
in the flower of
life,
Sir
is
carved so as to represent
vol.
iii.,
chap, xvi.,
p. 486.
Page
157.
Plate
LIX.
Page
157.
Plate
LX.
'
This
is
Chaacmol,
hero, Coll, or
"leopard."
is: Chaac, "thunder," " tempest, " hence, "irrepower; " and mol, "the paw of any carnivorous ani-
word
last
sistible
mal."
largest
Mayas, who,
the
we have
as
and
said,
named
all
"the paw
power
"
by ono-
things
Chaacmol
157
that
Avith irresistible
foudre de guerre."
On
is
was
erected
order
it
memory
vanquished on the
it
would
among
The corona
skulls.
tom
they had
that the
that
cannibalism, like
ate the hearts of
by
of the cornice
Not one
as
is
is
artificially
it
'
so doing they
various peoples.
"An
human
Mayas
memory
whom
our day
to the
indicates
their enemies,
in the belief
by whose
battle-field, certainly
first
the mausoleum
macaw
The
by the ancient
of the cities of
Copan and
158
Palenque.
Mayas
as
In
fact,
At
other.
by
built
their order.
priests, kings,
It
often
is
is
It
even
(Plate LXI.)
may
This
Maya
in its
back
symbols
come
to the
knowledge
brave
Maya
Avarrior,
fight,
was treacherously
assassin his
own
to have been
Thus
of succeeding generations
whom
brother
of the three
that the
slain
Aac
murdered by
has
it
\>y
;
a cowardly assassin
just as Osiris in
Egypt
this
is
said
motive, jealous^^
'
"
cbap.
vol.
ii.,
Page
158.
Plate
LXI.
Page
158.
Plata
LXII.
159
Prince
Osiris, in
is
by the
now
of "Worces-
Mass.
ter,
(Plate
LXIII.)
From aU
Bunsen
as
says,
the enigma of
(Plate
history.^
LXIV.)
It
is
wonderful statue
Avas the
it,
work
of
is
that of Armais."
On
cation ?
Egypt
is
stUl in
doubt about
still
remains unsolved.
When and by
it
whom was
According to Osburn,
its signifi-
of a particular king
whose features
it is
as that
said to represent."
is
called Heh,
In
"the
lord."*
it
first
p. 311.
Ibid., vol.
'
R. Lepsius, Letters
i.,
from Egypt,
Ethiopia,
and
the
Peninsula of Sinai,
"
160
him the
The
work
of another Pharaoh.
who
it
as
age
is
it is
it
to its
Premieres
As
Dynasties," supposes
as well as that of
II.,
not anterior
if
the pyramids.
to,
was the emblem of the "union of force with prudence or wisdom; " that is, of physical and intellectual power,
us that
it
may
be per-
between the Egyptian Sphinx and the leopard with hmnan head
that crowned Prince Coil's mausoleum.
it
will
In order to better
and to the
edifices
its posi-
by which
it is
surrounded.
It is placed exactly in front,
and to the
east, of the
head,
'
'
hewn
may
"
'
still,
It rep-
be a leopard, with a
Piazzi
Smyth ^
else,
second
human
teUs us that
there
occasionally, painted
is
much of
duU red.
p. 323.
vol.
i.,
chap,
xii.,
Page
159.
Plate LXIII.
Page
169.
Plate
i-fr^ j.-3*-"=
LXir.
'
161
of
human
The
head.
statue
on the
(Plate LXII.)
The color of the Mayas was red brown, judging from the fresco
paintings in the funeral chamber, and Landa teUs us that even
^
ple
was dedicated
its
To
Isis;
another, dedicated to
''
to the Sphinx.
The
inscription
on the stone
Isis,
town
'
deities.
of the Egyptians,
by him
on earth.
p. 80,
162
of the Ancient
we
Ha or Akar.''''
Maya language,
called
words mean
"wafer," and "pond" or "swamp."
These
respectively, in
Egyp-
the
In these names
may
not see a hint that the king represented by the huge statue
may
who
people
sculptured
it
travelled
east, its
Might
it
not
from the
when
Isis
was queen,
May
Queen Moo,
highly venerated by her and her people, whose memory she wished to pertry,
closely
related
to
among coming
Was
We
it
generations ?
Osiris, as
'
Samuel Birch,
iii.,
in Egj'pt,
portrayed as a leopard,
vol.
But
chap. xiv.
Sir
><S2:i
163
his
images or statues.
In seeking to
Sphinx,
we
will again
make
use of the
Maya
language, which
also,
'
'
'
"
Herodotus says
sun goes to
rest.
'
that
gods
last of the
He came
and he
who
first of
and
Isis
Osiris;
According to the
composed of three
is,
ical of
Mayach,
ma,
ma,
"country," or
by
word
:
that
rad-
It is well to
Maya
and other
inscriptions
That
Ma
stands for
Mayach
in this instance,
'
Herodotus, History,
lib.
ii.,
144.
vol.
which
ii.,
there
is
p. 464.
the shape
164
name
of the Sphinx.
Had
made
^^^^>
zon," makes
M.
it
was
Mayas made
The
West.
that
is,
the
"
La
is
Ketola or Khejpra
As
the
to
Sphinx,
Keb
means "to
is
name
may
it
Maya Keb-la.
be a contraction
of
the
Maya
liiil,
an
"arrow," a "spear."
offensive
their attributes.
So also the
by
plates
ii.
and
Alau
iii.
Plutarch,
Be
Yside
et
Osiride,
lix.
25, 36.
in the
They
ii.,
also figured
head of a serpent
(illustration, p. 124).
murderer, as
Coil's slayer
ISTo
doubt
165
it
in
was
Egypt one
in
of the totems of
Mayacli
of
Aac, Prince
?
it
the celebration of his feast, to throw a rope into their assembly, to simulate a serpent,
emblem
of his murderer,
and hack
Was
it
this a
where one member of the Can (serpent) family slew his brother ?
From
Coh's
was
we
his
totems,
from that of
their names,
and from
Osiris,
their
Set,
by the Egyptians,
were the same personages known as King Canchi, his wife
Zo3, and their five children Cay, Aac, Coh, M6o and Nik6,
who lived and reigned in Mayacli, where, having received the
honor of apotheosis, after their death, they had temples erected
to their memory and divine homage paid them.
Aroens,
Isis,
as gods
'
Herodotus, Hist.,
lib. ii.,
p. 87, et passim.
She
166
knew
that,
centuries before,
Maya
They
among them.
had established
coming from
colonists,
of the Euphrates,
little
'
my
real
Isis,
name
Isis."
am
corn.
am
am
the
of
Was
among
it
am
taught
men
the use of
'
wheat and
of the dog."
who
first
What
am
was the
corn.
Isis says:
first to
am
she
"I am
the queen of
who
is
memory
of her
husband
she had done in the country of her birth, caused the Sphinx to
be
made
hmnan
lib. ii.,
341.
"
lib.
i.,
head,
In Egypt she
'Apuleius, Metamorplwsis,
There she
37.
erect
fig-
and
Page
1G6.
Plate
LXV.
SPHINX.
167
and
the people
and worshipped
her, calling
was
called
Shall
was named
Hu in
we answer with
influence of
the texts
when we
Maya
ulations of Asia
customs and
and Africa
Maya
reflect
civilization
on the
on the pop-
Moo
and Prince
Coh
and
particularly
Maya
of
tions that
it is
Furthermore,
we may
made by
discovery
of the
Col.
effect of
hazard ?
This cap
is
painted red and adorned with three lotus stems and a serpent.
"
New Torh
Cans, serpents ? ^
p. 15, et passim.
Page
1G9.
Plate
LXVI.
APPENDIX.
Note
(1)
I.
(Page
xxviii.)
(Plate
LXVI.) Born
is,
in 1541,
became a monk
los
the aborigines
He
Mayaunder
Order of
Reyes, at Toledo.
Yucatan as a missionary.
of the
old,
he went to
It
in the City of
Mexico
From
Maya
the time
to evangelical work,
During thirty
which
APPMNDIX.
170
among
in Spain, he lived
Mayas.
the
among whom he
tenets,
with the
rites
He
labored.
and
tells us,
in
their religious
were contained in volumes written in alphabetical and ideographic characters on prepared deer-skin (parchment), or on
paper
made from
At
the impulse of
It is to be
many
among them
human
precious
Mayas
and
Landa
at that time,
pang
if
to
aUay some
lest
secret
alive,
forests to
as
if
by a strange
wanton destruction
freak,
and
APPENDIX.
ical data,
171
acters used
as
some
ments
in the palaces at
certain Americanists
Kabah
may
and other
places.
Whatever
no doubt as to the
deplore.
APPENDIX.
173
Note
(4)
II.
(Page xxix.)
Henares, Spain;
of Alcala
de
He
of himself.
ligence,
his
man
of superior intel-
calling.
to the doings
and sayings
of his friends
and
is
From
dedicated
associates in the
Convent of
we
whence he came as
monks
Maya
the Maya
grammar
language.
During the twenty -two years that elapsed from the time of
his arrival until 1656, the last year
occupied
many
He
visited
"While
The
He
many dying
of inanition.
by the symp-
Page
Plate
17-3.
5>
Ni
:i-.s-fi
-5-Nti^
'**%a
^ 5M
LXVII.
APPENDIX.
form.
It
173
work
CogoUudo wrote
the Convent of
Cacalchen.
king
his
New
the printer
first edition
aU.
the prov-
are
now
extremely rare.
(Plate
by the
Copies of this
LXVII.)
APPENDIX.
174
Note
(1)
the
(Page xxxi.)
III.
The Troano MS. is one of the books written for the use of
It is one of the few analpriests and noblemen.
Maya
who came
that country
to
How
by the Spaniards.
iconoclastic fury,
it is difficult
it
to surmise; nor is
it
their
known who
between two
Landa
certain trees,
in sheets, these
were coated
measures
leaf of the
Troano MS.
five
Brasseur, returning
it
some
of
He
'Landa,
The abbe
lib. iv.,
at
Maya
14.
APPENDIX.
make a copy
permitted, to
to Yucatan,
name
of the
This
owner
Maya
ment, for
it
inscriptions,
is
artist
of the document.
Abbe Brasseur
175
title
It
of
of the original.
manuscript
is,
now
The second
is
recital of
"Land
of
Mayab
formed a
the
Beb
(tree),
of
mete-
in the
which
APPENDIX.
176
Note IV.
(1)
workingmen
Every day,
all
may
by
their over-
we
whom ?
it
can complain.
Complain
is
And
owner
of
If
He
himself
may
be a planter.
On
own plantation he
manner.
What remains
his
has
for
That
is
^^'ill
suffer.
These facts
personal observation.
How many
who
trifling cause,
in his behalf,
later
considered
on
it
To a gentleman,
a sin to
fail to
attend
APPENDIX.
177
States,
in the colleges of
when he
palo
'
('
stick
me by
pan y
common
interrupted
'
it.
')
Al
is
indio
the
is
for very little bread falls to his share, but abundance of lashes.
Of
who
then
They
would not ?
by congress
Mayas,
the ancient
Yucatan peninsula,
become exasperated
to
Woe
to
them
and temples
where, not so very long ago, their ancestors burned copal and
incense in honor of their gods.
however, are
rare,
Of
and are
as, if
human
or not
human,
to be found
invariably found
patient,
them
and brave.
general; though
13
place; I
have
among them,
honorable excep-
APPENDIX.
178
tions,
my
them even
Chan
hostile Indians of
full confidence in
course, they
Of
on them.
relied
Scmta Cruz.
I never
them.
in case of
had
Who
has
not?
colonial secretary of
my
During
last sojourn at
When
in the forest a
worn by Catholic
to look at
it
it
perhaps be-
city,
priests
several
"
"we
they answered,
wax
it
it is
its
its
honor, and
we
we
shall
weight.
" Oh,"
will
burn
worship
it
depth of the
forest,
they venerated another ancient statue, which they called Zactalali, that
is,
the
it
'
'
blow or
to
British Honduras.
me
man.
'
'
But they
Official
(Belize.)
slap of a white
APPENDIX.
tions,
among
179
make known
others not to
it
Avas
concealed.
The hnage
represents a
man
the hands raised to a level with the head, the palms upturned.
On
his
Indians,
beans.
It is
it
by the worshippers.
of corn
and
candles and
Before applying
down to prepare
the ground for sowing corn and beans, the devotees repair to
filled
wood
to burn weU.;
on the more or
him
candles, imploring
which
is
for
less
to cause the
trees
At
since
depends the
the beginning of
first
sowing of the
seeds,
they again
visit
Having obtained
beneficent deity.
bringing the finest ears of corn, the ripest squashes, the primitias
of the fields, besides roasted corn
offerings.
having previously
of incense
wax
and copal
gathered from the trees in the forest, with ground roasted corn,
fills
the cavern
violin,
to the
accompaniment
of a
APPENDIX.
180
rites,
chant
matters
it,
few joys
since it
in their
life.
And
But what
they have so
APPENDIX.
Note Y.
181
(Pages xxxix.,
xl.)
of
i.,
p. 37.
known
no great value, he
a Yuca-
own
edited, at his
is
in his country.
and
I discovered
Coh (Chaacmol),
Whatever may be
But when he
it is
(1)
Abbe
it
may
others,
Brasseur.
province of Toledo.
in the convent of
Mayas
Ms
He
native city.
He came
as a missionary to
Maya
its
since the
He
of
it
for
many
years.
APPENDIX.
183
He
said
is
to
of his time.
Every-
affable.
of his resi-
life
in 1631.
from
if
his
not
all lost,
very
difficult to find.
They
are
Cogolludo quotes
APPENDIX.
Note VI.
(1)
work,
(Page
183
3.)
"An
his
may
commencement
which
the four sets of tables refer, are ascertained with great accuracy; and that
many
of the elements of
their
calculations,
by an astonishing
the modern astronomy of
coincidence
gravitation.
These conclu-
by the evidence
science unexampled
in
One
by Mr. Robert-
son goes back to the year 3102 before the Christian era; that
is,
when
Saras'wati,
became
stan.
").
At
of
Hindo-
of the highly
APPENDIX.
184
colonists
settled in
had extended
mogony and
aU other
their
The Brahmins,
as
Maya
These were
civilized ISTdg^s.
it is
that,
little
having
and
little
and the
sciences
arts of
civilization,
from the
is
accordingly
for those very remote ages (about five thousand years distant
we come down
formity of
its results
to our
own
the time
when
The
times, the
its
It seems reason-
rules are
are founded.
rules
is
most accurate
made on which
these
when
years.
such as
tables
It is
it
any astronomical
to construct
is
we go farhow difiicult
its
most advanced
state,
to be expected."
Again (page
297):
""When an
skill
estimate
is
is
necessary for
it is
found to
it
trig-
any
of those sciences.
rise
Some
mark
also very
APPENDIX.
clearly that the places to
which these
185
tables are adapted
tropics, because
(page 298):
"From
this
must
And
is
is
which they assign to the sun and moon and other heav-
enly bodies, at that epoch, with those deduced from the tables
of
De
la Caille
and Mayer,
it
APPENDIX.
186
Note VII.
(1)
In
(Page
15.)
is
were
scientists.
But when we
may
sea
Maya
reflect that
by onomatopoeia, those
A long
leaving
it
consulting
Maya
The first
monumental
of the
dissertation
I
wiU
on
there-
of the words,
to each reader to
etymon
names
draw
dictionaries
inscriptions
text,
according to the
in ancient
Maya
the sea
'
en
el
APPENDIX.
the Assyrians,
called
god
who
187
Set,'^
title for
a viceroy in India.
It also
means a man
of great
wealth.'
and by
tion,
in the
lustral water,
ceremony of
The
purification.
kakiiab,
third word,
kak, "
fire,"
Egyptians, the
Mayas
toward
of
life,^
oil in
man with
hand the
spirit
philosophers whose
and
to all ancient
est terra,
aniraa
est
ignis.
all
earth as a
woman and
called it
as
we
Mayas
study deeper
nomical notions.
As
two
'
236
'
^
kankab,
it is
also
composed of the
andkab, "hand."
It
i.,
seems
pp. 312-
pp. 120-246.
Webster's Dictionary.
vol.
ii.,
vii.-viii.
viii.,
pp. 431-433.
APPENDIX.
188
to
It is
the same conception of the fire and the water allied to produce
all things,
of the
that
Mayas,
we
APPENDIX.
Note VIII.
189
(Page
82.)
In his work " Lares and Penates," Mr. William Burckhardt Barker, in Chapter IV., " On Certain Portraits of Huns
(1)
and
here.
the
first
monuments and
the
America.
Many
faces exactly.'
trait of
Hun ?
edifices of
Is
.
it
upon
Mr.
is
On
collection.
them
same
The following
from
Stephens's plates^ and the Quarterly Journal, will show that
my notion of the matter is not a mere fancy.
let light
in
Heads
found
must surely have come from the same
who
of the
inhuman
APPENDIX.
190
bring-
first
ing before the world a true and exact representation of that once
terrible but
probably unique
by an
that, too,
removing the
also of
veil that
illustration
has hitherto
the
left
Up
It
is
long extinct."
who
left
by the
its
it
would be most
Uzumacinta and
river
Maya
But
race.
it is
difficult,
that of the
Huns notwith;
Mongol or Tartar
their traces in
left
many
tribes,
may
It
by the
Mayas
in the course of
inhabit-
make
etc.,
XXIX.
"
'
APPENDIX.
Note IX.
(Page
191
87.)
(3)
Gumming
in Thibet.
still
C. F.
442), says:
dies, several of
made
to
swallow mercury
who
We
Hue's curious
when a
great chief
of the tribe
till
death."
"
are
Gordon
"Quicksilver
believed to
is
endow the body with power to resist death and avoid further
So Hindoo wizards prepare elixirs of mertransmigration.
cury and powdered mica, Avhich are supposed to contain the
very essence of the god Siva and one of his wives.
We
'
traveller
this
same custom,
of
it
in his
Father
Hue
of a
also
makes men-
Journey through
travellers.
APPENDIX.
192
Note X.
(1)
(Page
88.)
vol.
iii.,
386
(vol. i., p.
vol.
ii.,
pp.
made
are
still
of ivory
and
silver.
The
The gods Vishnu and Krishna are painted blue; Thoth, the
god of wisdom and letters, red, etc."
(2) Henry Layard, "Nineveh and its Remains" (vol. ii.,
part
ii.,
by him
chap,
iii.),
in Nineveh, Khorsabad,
(lib. ii., c.
made
(p. 276),
of ivory
and
glass.
(3)
xi.),
(vol.
Diodorus
men and
his
ani-
Semiramis in
i.,
Demons. Evang."
(lib. iii.,
chap.
red.
(vol.
blue.
iii.,
chap,
xiii.,
pp. 10,
gods and of their kings, and provided them with eyes made of
ivory or glass.
(4)
eyes.
their statues
APPENDIX.
Note XI.
(1) J.
tribe
193
whose history
traditions,
is
adopted
as a national emblem.'
it
From
it
name.
The
is
the war of the Pandavas and the Kauvaras; nay, anterior even
to the epoch
when
Aryan
the
colonists
first
settlements on the
emptied
itself
the Indus.
into
Avhat
Because these
half -serpent,
now
who
'
Ibid., p. 141.
-'
13
Talboys Wheeler,
'
Herodotus, Hist.,
lib. iv.
9-10.
p. 146.
APPENDIX.
194
we might
of that
as well imagine
Emperor
them
of Heaven,
serpent, since
as semi-divine
beings.
"We have seen in the early part of this book that the JVdgcis,
having obtained a foothold in the Dekkan, founded a colony
that in time became
rulers
a large
confine
all
over western
civ-
modern
legends of
India,
is,
JVdffcis
to
Central America.^
''
H. P. Blavatsky,
From
the Caves
Swami
If
it
and
and
be
discovered the
J*dtclla,
so,
the antip-
their civilization,
their
pp. 27-35.
Vive Kananda, a learned Hindoo
Tlie
have been
i.,
New York
Tatta
is
the
modern name
APPENDIX.
195
tions,
"Will
Mayas.
and growing,
few
in the course of a
centuries, so as to
may
it
Without
itself.
round
let us cast
us.
From Fort
and
on the narrow
strip six
by the English
in 1639,
for
in the peninsula of
George
St.
Dekkan, and
sum
of
Company by
and
dollars, has
extended
two
its
little
same
territories
and governed by
Are
their
Cans, or kings
of cities
villages
name
and
we have
and places
in Yucatan,
which
rule part
names
little,
of the
it
Afghan
stands.
It
capital,
is
and
some
For
of
instance,
Kabul
See
the
is
p. 27.
mound
in
APPENDIX.
196
Izamal
the city of
On
in Yucatan.
its
was famous
It
it
ings.
their
says:
'
"To
They
sick.
kabul, 'the working hand,' and made great oflferThe dead were recalled to life, and the sick
.
were healed."
temple
the temple.
(Plate
Nahuatl features.
have caused great
his
LXVIII.)
His body
suffering.
is
It
man
represents a
vrith
abdomen
propped by a small
is
stool;
hang from
his
is
much
with
this figure,
its
because he considered
it
it.
an annoyance to
This
accompany-
by the owner
is
but one
by the people
remains that
make
It
is
lib. iv.,
chap.
viii.
Page
197.
Plate
LXVIII.
'
APPENDIX.
steps
197
right,
altar.
accepts; welcomes,
crushed.
noocol,
oxnial,
Uxmal.
figure:
this.
three.
UUD,
That
is:
Ta ox uuo, u
Freely translated:
doubled.
tern
is
man from
'
all
APPENDIX.
198
Egyptian as well as
read Egyptian
of a
Maya
Maya
that, therefore,
dictionary, translate
Maya
Mayas and
by
the Quiches,"
at least, of
as well as
it
side
This proves
I.
by me and
is
Maya mural
the
to
my book,
of the introduction of
some,
inscriptions, notwithstand-
But may
pretations."
I ask
why
Maya
tence of the
spoken to-day ?
books
How,
Maya
as
among
people
who
authority on
and
we
set himself
(in
up as an
" Calvit.,"
when
p. 515),
the peo-
wish abso-
lutely to be deceived.
and professor
We know
pers.'
in
Mayas
if
these boast
universitj^.
Mysteries, p. 109.
it
;;
APPENDIX.
199
any other
they had
mal
too
but
much good
ani-
because
it
which figures
nohocli can, "the great serThe serpent was the emblem of Mayach,^ as the
called
it
is
Mayas must
etc.
The
was can
(serpent), as Tchan
is
to this
day that
as
mys-
No
title
as did the
why
Maya
The
Egyptian kings.
language
royalty.
initiates
among
the
'
Cogolludo,
another
emblem
Iliat.
of
Mayas,
de Yucathan,
ii.,
lib.
i.,
chap.
i.
1.
The
tree
plates
viii.
to
Mayacli (Troano
MS., part
ii.,
was
xiii.
Codex Gortesianus, plates vii. and viii.). It is well to recall here that Egypt
was likewise called the Land of ike Tree, although the valley of the Nile was
well-nigh devoid of trees. (Samuel Birch in Gardner Wilkinson, Customs,
and Manners of Ancient Egyptians, vol. ill., chap, xiii., p. 300.)
APPENDIX.
200
Transported to
their
JVaaca or Ndgd.
home
of their ancestors.
title of
the highpriest,
" the
true, the
'
(2)
(vol.
John
ii.,
Yucatan"
p. 311),
" The colors are green, yellow, red, blue, and a reddish brown,
the last being invariably the color given to the
human
course, gives
the engraving, of
tints,
flesh.
Osburn,
"William
Egypt"
of different epochs,
it
in
"By
'
his
'
Monumental
History
of
had
its
the
same
as art in Greece
and
Italy.
result of
It burst
'
upon us
p. 45.
productions of art in
Le Plongeon, Sacred
lUd.,
first
Mysteries, p. 30.
APPENDIX.
perfection.
301
man
perishes there.
in the
these primi-
skill of
This
APPENDIX.
202
Note XII.
(1)
(Page 105.)
(p.
ancient architects.
its
knew and
Augustus Le Plongeon
But apart
Abbe Brasseur
is
now dead
he
Dr.
the living,
and
will
is
in
any sense
am
in the land of
still
Abbe and
for
myself.
having helped
me
in that work.
memory
pity.
lines just
It
is,
critic's
indeed, a
gotten that, once upon a time, after the one visit with Avhich
statetl in
the
November
(1SS."S)
APPENDIX.
203
number
"I
no one who,
as I
may
Maya culture
had the
Maya
hieroglyphic system.
those
product
and those of
Compare
this
be most interesting to
know
Yucatan, unless
it
if it
It
was envy or
He
would indeed
He
be in imagination.
has, there-
How,
when
is
eccentricity
my
statement to the
Society of "Worcester,"
in 1881,
made
first in
'
'
American
Antiquarian
from
necessity,
and
APPENDIX.
2^)4
made
ancient artists
and
architects;
York
choice, to
show what he
really
my
my
my
the
Mayas,
He prudently
history.
challenge.
reputation in
In August,
knew about
and
took no notice of
Magi"?
defend
of dimension
own
is
chosen
field of
study as he
is
by the mem-
bers of the
few
steps
from
my
challenge, a copy of
20th, while he
his
room
of the Polytech-
nic Institute:
DR. LE
PLONGEON TO
DR. BRESTTON.
Sir
for the
1887,
in
New York
at
Columbia College, by
if I
now
take this
I. ?
mode
It is to
APPENDIX.
205
are well aware that during the last quarter of a century, particliumau knowledge has made great progress in all branches of science
except that of American archaeology, which is not now mucli more advanced
You also feel, if you do not admit it, that all
than it was a century ago.
You
ularly,
that has been written on that subject in Europe and America does not pass
from mere speculation on the part of the writers, and is therefore, scientifically
and
speculations and theories are printed that none of the pretended authoribooks and mural
ties on the subject can read a single sentence of the
;
Maya
the ancient
Mayas,
and scientific attainments, although some of said writers presume to pronounce magisterially on these subjects. You pose as, and are
therefore considered, the authority in the United States on all questions
their culture
Mayas
and
also because
they
live.
New York
my
statement.
year
copy of which I
mailed to your address, I sent you an invitation to prove your averment
before any scientific society of your own choosing, provided the meeting
ago, through the columns of the
Advertiser, n
were public.
Thei'e can be no better opportunity than the present, no better qualified
audience than the scientists now assembled under your presidency, for passing judgment on all such questions.
Will you, then, appoint a day, at your own convenience, to meet me
before the members of the association and discuss all points treated by ytm
1. Maj'a phonetics.
2. What were the
in your book above mentioned ?
true signs used by ancient Mayas for the cardinal points ? 3. Landa alphabet and Maya prophecies. 4. Maya standard of measures. And, besides,
the following
(1) Maya science of numbers
(2) Maya cosmogony
(3)
Maya knowledge of geography, geology; and, if you please (4), Maya
language and its universal spread among all ancient civilized nations of
anj;iquity in Asia, Africa, and Europe.
All said discussion to rest altogether on hard facts, scientific or historical, not on mere conjectures or suppositions, so as to be of real value to
the scientific world, and thus give ancient America its proper place in the
:
Of
hundred photographic
APPENDIX.
206
slides
also taken
by me in
situ I
most willingly
place at your disposal to sustain your part of the discussion, which I doubt
not you will readily accept to redeem your written promise, made to me as
case.
displaying
my
American Association
for the
Advancement
of Science, I
beg
to subscribe
myself,
Augustus Le Plongeon.
Sidney Place, August
18
18, 1894.'
in the
Is it that
any
ety, as
member
of professor in
any
scientific soci-
grounds?
Does he fear
which he claims
fest,
title
of
and
forever?
his
to be
Or
is it
on prudential
me
the opportunity
unwarranted aspersion,
I will
members
of the
A. A. A.
S.
had he accepted
my
chal-
lenge.
of
of
tiie
Brooklyn
who,
Eagle, edition of
M^e
August
19, 1894.
'
APPENDIX.
origin a
their
Maya
207
scientist
and professor
in the
et
cette
meteique
les plus
le
monde
entier
anciennes connaissances
de
premiere assise de
celle
et
d Vindus-
'
ISTo
John "Wilson
priests of
all
or, as
Pomponius Mela
states,
with
" Hence
it is
new
'
world, aU making use of the same standard in the conJolm Wilson, The
p. 336.
ii.,
APPENDIX.
208
may
monuments.
So the Babylonian or
unknown
race,
who
constructed
if
'
'
globe,
and measured
"The Burmese
its
circumference."^
ity.
is
still
left
of
monumental records
religion and civilization, the
existing
of
religion
and
civilization
planted the Babylonian standard with their pyramids and temples in all parts of the globe.
It is only
by
these silent
mon-
uments that the ancient missions have been traced, after the
'
p. 381.
''Ibid., vol.
ii.,
'Had.,
i.,
'
vol.
Ibid., vol.
ii.,
p.
233.
p. 247.
p.
339.
i.,
APPENDIX.
lapse of ages,
when
209
all
^
"The Babylonian
ranean
coasts.
'
'
ers
pyramid used
as a standard of
instead of
and the
Mayas ?
of,
the diameter
on the one hand, and the one ten-millionth part of the arc
comprised between the pole and the equator on the other,
as standard of lineal measures, proves not only an identity
if
Mayas
John Wilson
that
'
it
asserts.
size of
we can
Smyth
is
Hence
ii.,
p. 313.
It
present volume.
^
p. 239.
14
ii.,
'
APPENDIX.
210
said,
it is
was a
'
ten,' there is
division into
illustrating,
"The
coffer,
metrological
the
according to
theory,
is
" This
is
if
more
may
soon perceive a
"Hence
the chamber
coramensurably to
constructed
is
the coffer, and the coffer to the chamber, with fifty and five as
the ruling numbers.
But there
exists
this sort, identifying the whole pyramid also with the coffer
and
its
viz.,
the component
From
is
made
by Mr.
Piazzi
Smyth,
it
Landa
tells
Mayas
did.
them
C. Piazzi
at the Great
the
Pyramid,
number
vol.
iii.,
pp.
1G2-163.
p. 199.
Ibid., vol.
'
Yucatan,
p. 404.
iii.,
Brasseur's publicatiou.
Apud Landa,
L<ts Cosas de
APPENDIX.
thirteen, they also
made
211
"
XX en XX hasia
V en Y hasta XX,
cuenta es de
y de
CogoUudo, Lizana, Torquemada, in
chroniclers
"They
fact,
Qxoe su
(7.
'
"
the ancient
them
writers
why
the wise
men
many an
with more or
of
eloquently written
less specious
Mayacli adopted
the
show
reasons to
number
thirteen as
ardor as uselessness.
And
whose debate on a
much
The same,
the conclusion?
scientific society
of
on the Stan-
it
was
All because they never read the book of Landa, or they dis-
We
much concerning
abundant proofs
Mayas.
and
We
find
palaces.
Mayas,
less grossly
their religious
and
an exceptional
Had
in
'
"Maya
all
things
meaning
a paper as his
ignorant of
of their architecture,
p. 206.
APPENDIX.
212
city
my
made
Maya constructions;
he has
GNOMON at MA YAP AN
Dlltonep bctwaeii C?nt*>-| CC of Columiu
Dumeler
TM'
of CoUimnsor
Uim.hrFC
Column.
.iS flroiTiWnrt
1W (."ntliiW|3t.&nInlCf
b. Al .fD..lti".
'
Sin>AKofj1iil<A0I>.^ diitanco
tHwcm
IKrougl.
of l....of
"
of the buildings
my
field notes,
made by me from
me
with
Column*,
|.ie
C*nUrs CC
CeI."CC
E.jt.iJ--
few plans
said notes
me
in
He
has only
possession
when he
in situ.
my
of
honored
MAyApan 20*56'.
DUmoter
Lfnolh
Latiludv of
45^
Vrd'Snt< CI ofDeelifiJion.
metre by
Maya astron-
APPENDIX.
213
which
the protraction of a
is
Mayapan, situated
X-Canchakan, distant thirty
on the lands
of the hacienda
my
may
gnomon
is
This protraction
American Antiqua-
creep.
is
ments made by
me
in
situ.
lineal
regarding
Mayas,
in very
and submergence.
This report was published in the proceedings of said society
under the
title of
"Mayapan
Maya
and
The
not submitted to
me
on
is,
my part.
How
did
it
occur ?
is
It
putations;
It
proof-sheets were
There
Inscriptions."
making com-
is
no mistake
in the drawing,
which
is
The diameter
of the
columns
is
is
0.45 metre.
1.90 metres.
In
At any
perfect,
rate,
and
gnomon
in
itself.
The distance
my manuscript,
it
APPENDIX.
214
made the
and 7 so as to mis-
lead the printer; and therein consists the grave error that has
Had he
conscientious
own
all
my
measure-
work
of
his
and that
my
merely
typographical;
statement
"that the
Mayas,
metre as a
APPENDIX.
Note XIII.
(1) It
may
be asked,
How
215
(Page 111.)
is it
that the
Mayas came
to
measures ?
lineal
To him who
the ancient
is
Maya
is
Mayas
them,
as, in fact,
with every
Will,
edifices,
particularly in
They conceived
darkness,
and
With
cosmogonic
this
in
Having come
TJol.
to
first
of a sphere
centre
circle
having, be-
in nature, the
is,
ultimatum
circle,
Qj
which they
also
called
this
Will
as being both
it life
One
Uol, whose
imagined
gynus
the circle
in extension,
Being, as a
They
Andro-
pulsated uncon-
APPENDIX.
216
At
scious.
when
Sexless ceased to be
we
male
the Infinite
principle,
remaining stiU
womb
of nature, that
immaculate virgin
Chicfien.^
new
This
its vertical
diameter,
VXx
L,ali, "he
Liahun, the " aU-pervading one," from
It became the Decade,
who is everywhere, and hun, one.
image of the universe evolving from the boundless darkness,
it
'
lO,
the number
'
'
'
'
'
among
the initiates of aU
nations,
From
womb
emblem
The
we
find
of
among
by
its
vertical
and
hori-
Mayas,
the
or the
Tian-chihans
is,
of the
the
Canob
initiates
of
among
Dhyan-Chohans.
The
universe,
now under
the
with y'T"^
each other, h
them
j,
its vertical
"
mundane
cross,
and
of the physical
points.
To
to
world
distinguish
their oath,
initiates in India,
Naacals
Egypt, Chaldea,
of
Mayach.
APPENDIX.
217
that
is,
the
fecundating forces
were
figured
by the same
from the
circle
This
with
we
its
learn
known
to the
Hindoo
occultists as the
theDhycm
"Four Maharajahs,"
Cholia/ns}
In
OcosiTigo,
Guate-
we
see
them portrayed
as circles with
Mazdeans
and Titans
Mohammedans
Hebrews
the kabiri
whose golden
APPENDIX.
218
statues,
Clement
Egyptians at
all
These "four
powerful
(FEROUHER.)
ones," these
figured
this
manifested
universe
that
is,
The Blaya
by
by
The
Pj'^thagoreans honored
names
of the gods.^
" darkness."
'
'
Plutarch,
'
De hide, s.
Macrobiua, Somnium
v., p.
76.
Scipionis, c. 6.
242.
Page
218.
Plate
LXXI.
APPENDIX.
Damascius
in his treatise
219
brated
as a thrice
it
all intel-
perfect
'
as embracing all
oras,
"who
of the gods
is
human
"
things.
Know God,"
Number
and men."
says Pythagis
the father
who
in
Mayas,
These
East and from the "West, had settled and brought civilization
we
case, it
is
but nat-
of
numbers
Mayacli,
in
their
mother
which Plato
sented by
3, its
base by 4, and
its
3,
composed of
the square of
2 and
3,
2,
-f-
1,
its
hypothenuse by
5,
was the
and
5,
numeration.
10)
it
in their
diagram at the
The second centenary (200) they said was " the Infinite STILL WHOLLY ENCLOSED," Laluiiikal (that is, Lah,
APPENDIX.
220
hun,
and placed
"),
it
at
The
closed virgin
Holhukal
womh,
(that
is,
at
it
the lower end of the vertical diameter that forms the height
of the four rectangular triangles
Out
of this notion
theogonies of
all civilized
so general in the
nations of antiquity, of an
immacu-
the one
that
is,
it
at the left
end
for
number
five
the circumference.
in
closes
Maya
is
Thus we come
to
know
computations,
the
3Iaya
in their
initi-
numer-
we
for the
name
of
same reason
God number
;
APPENDIX.
lO, Lahun,
representing to their
321
Spirit of the
Ku,
to be
utmost reverence.
Is it
of
Maya
among
civilization
where vestiges
in all countries
number
ten
created;
letters
The
the
letter
Jehovah, by
whom
all
was represented
signature of the
name
of
b}^
or /,
t/and H, that
10 and
is,
5,
or "
God and
Jod,
things were
of the
two
the universe."
by them
as
book
of
whom man
on earth
is
As we
Mayas,
Thus they
It
may
interest
made a study
my
etc.
of occultism, to
know
who have
meaning
the esoteric
of
Maya
adepts, the
Naacals,
mysteries of cosmogony.
In
my
rendering of the
Maya
names
have adhered to
'
ii.
70
5 ;
i.
30
a.
Page
SSS.
Plate
LXIX.
Plate
LXX.
APPENDIX.
different countries,
held
by
all as
would
233
were
times.
It
is
we have
received our
system of numeration by
their
accordingly.
tion.
their
whose etymon
is
It
Tu
or
now
hand
SB, name
is,
remains to explain
TT ox
why
Tot, the
Mayas
the
" hand."
adopted the
tects, navigators,
geographers,
As
etc.
tion of the
gnomon
and
latitudes, as
discovered by
archi-
knew how
to
me
at
Mayapan.
They
distance
ian.
from pole
tlie
cosmogonic and
'
religious
embodied their
conceptions, particularly
in
their
APPENDIX.
234
pyramids.
The
were so arranged
in other parts of
ists
number 1,065
number
21,
by
cording to the " Mahabharata; " and that of the rays on each
side of the cosmic
We
letters
it is
It is well to
is
remark
invari-
circle
Maya
sages
di^'ided
into four hundred parts, in accordance with their cosmic conceptions, whilst the Egyptians selected a subdivision of
'
Ubi supra,
the
Ibid.
Those of my readers who are desirous to know why the Maya archialways inscribed the vertical section of the plan of their pyramids
within a circumference, I beg to refer to the work of my friend the late
'
tects
J.
g 55,
"Effect
of Putting a Pyramid in a Square " (p. 95), and to I 83, "Pyramid Symbolization " (p. 159), published by the Robert Clarke Company of said city.
Also to the remarkable work The lost Solar System of the A?icienU Discovered, by Mr. John Wilson, an English astronomer, vol. i., parts i. and
ii.,
London
edition of 1856.
APPENDIX.
circle divided into three
scientists
do
225
parts, as
modern
mean between
355,
the
the metre
instead of
15
that
APPENDIX.
226
Note XIV.
(Page 105.)
(1)
Maya
sages
came
to
a standard of
lineal measures, as
Antiquarian Society,
ten
by Mr. Stephen
tleman has
many
ruined
'
of "Worcester, Mass.
Salisbury,
now
its
American
They were
president.
writ-
This gen-
which he has
often visited.
They
myself.
'
cities of their
native land.
among
j^ears,
and of constant
Maya ruins
for
more than
ti'aditions
It
ied the
by
living
manners, traditions,
'
etc.,
we have
them
we ought
better than
to
and
know
it
stud-
that
is,
being admit-
their customs,
APPENDIX.
even set foot in their country,
may
227
he
asserts,
The
3.5 metres,
name of common sense and professorial condoes this mean ? Does he not assert authoritatively,
What,
sistency,
is
in the
Maya
thyself;
much
of a teacher,
sistent
Describing the
with himself.
Codex, a
Maya
size
of
the Dresden
three
is
and
particularly
Maya
duty
be con-
first
critic, is to
and four
The
mad.^''^
tliee
names
had they
for foot-
the finger, of the hand, of the stretch between the end of the
'
'
'
own knowledge,
24.
p. 251.
APPENDIX.
228
Mayas.
Unhappily the
late Dr.
He
Brinton's figure.
that
it is
does not
know how
to
on Dr.
strange bird, though the feathers are paid for and the bird
is
dead.
The German
when
he
began
to learn
naturalist certainly noted them down
Maya, from the mouth of the natives, not because he believed
All the words quoted are perfectly correct.
Maya mathematicians
and
architects
had no
Mayas,
Do we
knee deep in the mud; waist, breast, chin deep in the water?
or strides ?
Will any
all countries,
on their undertakings ?
How,
and
Maya
APPENDIX.
then attribute to
my
divisions ?
its
In conclusion,
useless
they used
it is
nomenclature of
Maya
much
329
names
for
what he
calls the
published so
Maya
He
they venture to do
so,
throw
stones;
they should at
least
APPENDIX.
230
Note XV.
(3)
how
May we
great
(Page 105.)
is
Maya ?
It
authoritatively that
and that
first
the
own
Maya
tongue. "
This
know
statement
students of
Maya
making
Bain,
'
nothing about
this,
Maya
prayer, "
The Invocation
the
why, instead
most
to the
inter-
God
of
intent
to
esting ancient
'
such preposterous
it ?
If
Maya," and
of
What
it ?
Has he
true?
is
How
is
sample of
by Brasseur, and
Maya
offered
it
to
Since he was
this deception,
as he did not
composition
"
md.,
\1.
137.
p. 261.
APPENDIX.
interpretation, the least
231
invocation complete.
As rendered by
is
is
oriente,
de la
en
and
is
for us,
and information,
as
shown
religious sentiment,
Troano MS.
of
and
and
my own interpretation
This
little,
Maya
by
means
it
" Al asomarse
mi palabra
tierra, cae
el sol,
6.
senor del
mano
del
la
itadores, el
celeste,
pone en orden
el
los asientos
para
el
vis-
precioso vino,
el precioso
alcanzar tu creciente
gar en la
mano
del
y virgen
me
lleves tu ben-
hijo,
de Dios Espiritu
Santo.''''
The following
Maya
the
text:
" At the
is
my word
goes
own
D.
Or.
Compare with
my
APPENDIX.
232
name
earth, in the
the
of
God
God
the Father,
God
Holy Ghost.
"
When
who
who
rules
the hands of
God
the Father,
God
the Son,
know now,
that even
of Marcelo Ccmich,
X-Canchakan (who
it
if
the mean-
ing of the words had been properly rendered, far from being the senseless sentences he has published, he would have
found
it,
as
it
is,
replete with
curious
information ?
rendering of the Invocation
Plis
the
Maya
is
most interesting
made
story.
b}^ himself,
From
are we
know
the
Maya
language
as
he
believe ?
No
Maya, and
the comparison of
its
introduction to his
he was thoroughly acquainted with said language; and without acquiring the conviction that,
of
a great scholar,
who now
lies
b}^
attacking the
silent
in
memory
the grave,
Dr.
APPENDIX.
233
In mentioning
Balam,
the
Yumilcax,
of Pennsylvania confounds
of
says he, "are in fact the gods of the cardinal points, and
of the winds and rains which proceed from them,"
etc.,i
and to
idle
the natives,
traditions.
" Puss
We
in
have seen
(p.
as the stories of
"gods
(p. 17n).
Maya plural.
This
is
a word of his
own
coinage.
He
APPENDIX.
234
office,
is
He
quite different.
Balam's
and
to
is
By no
Is he an imaginary Being ?
begun.
he
is
means.
an anthropomorphism
of
is
His name
of the
puma,
stillness
How
came he
upon as the
Yunail col? Most
to be looked
fields
naturally, indeed.
The
fields,
that,
fields
life
takes place.
Alarmed by
the noise and the despairing cries of the victims, the others
seek safety in flight, and the crops are thus saved from destruction.
crops
This
came
is
why
spirit
lord,
Balam,
make
(Plate
of their
him
LXXII.)
to
Page
$36.
Plate
LXXIL
APPENDIX.
335
know Maya,
even remotely.
If
book
''
it
and
original
Tihosuco,
translation,
named
Zetina,
He
who,
it
seems,
is
Maya,
printing
them
Maya
does
in italics, to
words
Pixe a
ito,
xnoch
mother tongue.
first
It
know how
to write
lesson in
Maya
taught to pupils
correctly his
do.
is
time
how
The
else
in refined society ?
of
partic-
by
cizin,"
in
Spanish
(p.
he dare
would be found
the letters of
At
the same
forming part
Maya among
;
v.
Avito
APPENDIX.
236
Dr. Brinton
Throughout
Maya
tion the
mnio}
is
is
his book,
This
is
word
Quiche.
The
Maya
it
uinic.
In the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries the letters v and
u were used
Thus
Landa, CogoUudo,
that
it is
It is
know which
not
better than he
cardinal
not?
Or has he
also,
In every
hope of perhaps
hitting, in
one at
on the
least,
right name.
For instance,
article
in his
"Quiche Legends"
readers:
"The
four
(p. 82),
known by
New
"World,"
the names of
Kau, Muluc,
the
east
was
and
Ix,
south.
"
(p. 20J:),
et
passim.
APPENDIX.
237
Muluc
to be the Tiorth,
'
Maya
Cauac
Ix
the south,
know
the
east,
and
duces are not the names of the cardinal points, nor even of the
genii, guardians of the same, but of certain localities situated
Muluc
south,
Mayas
day the
to the east,
Ix
to the north,
names
What
know
to the
and
Cauac
to the
Kan
assigned
So he
of Oriental sjonbolism ?
casts aside
to-
name
correct
of each point,
known
Maya
opinion.^
On
October
Maya
inscriptions
and books,
to misrepresent him,
which
of the
Mayas
him
a review of
if
in the
that, as I
glad, so as not
'
Avriting
decipherment of the
would be very
was
from
his
own
it
lUcl.,
me
by the
was impossible
Avorks.
'
tell
p. 304.
APPENDIX.
238
that
is,
on October 21
answered
^he
me:
"The first time I visit New York I hope to have the pleasure of seeing
you and Mrs. Le Plongeon, and then I should like exceedingly to hear of
your discoveries, and also to explain to you my views about the cardinal
points and their representations in the Maya hieroglyphs.
'
'
I remain, etc.
"D.
"Well,
G. Brinton."
me
Maya hieroglyphs,
Advancement
York.
By
of Science
'
'
met
request of Professor
at
Columbia College
Putnam
in jSTew
members.
me
sions.
It
N. Y.
at least, so
came
Maya
its ses-
in the
was
in-
same envelope.
reached
formed
it
had closed
much
less
pub-
students of
Maya
first to
the
Maya,
is
may
positively inaccurate
alphabet by the
Abbe Brasseur
in
186-.
APPENDIX.
239
scripts."
Now,
His work
fallacy of
script of
Maya
no key to the
is
aiSrm
that,
if it
Maya
decipherment of
theless repeatedly
us,
Maya
found in the
Of
by him, the
our
mode
is
Mayach and
of
codices
Monuments
Maya
Avitli
to
them by Landa.^
can be translated.
known
manuscripts
my
are.
"The
unpublished worli,
their
Historical
Teachings,"
codices,
'
D. G. Brinton,
Esmys of an
To
exemplify
(^
character
tion.
No.
negation,
" land,"
Americanist, p. 199.
my
r^
in
Is
it
Nenf
But
ina, radical
the
Maya
Egyptian
adverb of
of
Mayach
that
peninsula of Yucatan, standing between the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea, both represented by the sign
bosom
of the deep."
circular shape.
is,
the
;Q
|
means
his-
is
said to
its
almost
APPENDIX.
240
As
to the late
Abb6
several have
known him
those countries.
Maya
my
AH
intimately
when he was
residing in
The late Dn. Juan Villanueva, a well-known lawyer in Merida, when in 1873 I made his acquaintance, was acknowledged
by
his
He
country.
his pupil,
idly.
Maya
scholars in the
first lessons in
that language,
still
living
who were
very rap-
it
also assured
owner
of
the hacienda of
also
Dn. Vicente
citizens of
are situated.
Merida,
de Leon,
X-Canchakaii, a govermnent
y Peon, a wealthy merchant and
Jose Tiburcio
Labnaa
Solis
Cervera,
a planter,
Maya
milk.
is
whom
]Mr.
APPENDIX.
for
Maya
241
vocabulary
John
and English,
Abbe
Maya
Eev.
superior of
Abbe
Maya
all
knew
the
late
Maya language.
names
others whose
wipe
off
tarnish the
first to
ancient books of
Maya
origin,
when
some
of
in 1867
Champ
he placed on
de Mars, in Paris,
Commission
'
'
which went
to
Scientiiie
Maya
He was
unable to
Uxmal
on account of the
make
a prolix
many
Maya
study of
difficulties
the
scholar.
ruins
placed in his
of
way
On
of
of palaeography at the
Uxmal.
of
the
He
obtained
document for
all
APPENDIX.
242
the time he might need
reproduce
to
it
After
it.
Abbe
applied
contained
the manuscript,
in
Systeme Graphique
et la
In 1869 he
Langue Maya."
In
it
le
he announced
With
his
knowledge of the
He
which he fancied
Maya language, he
of the Maya book.
after
ever offering better in their stead, but they have tried to belittle his labors, going so far as to assert that he had hindered for
a long time the study of American palaeography. Yet it maj'
be asked,
What have
his critics
done ?
built
a reputation for
to
Do we
ulary,
of
unknown
it
and that
Brasseur's vocabulary
Were
Maya
are
own mate-
mine
is
decidedly the
should be i)roud of
it.
work
It is a
of a scholar.
comparative
APPENDIX.
study of
Maya
243
also
for students of
is
his
own
ceived ideas.
work
his
Maya antiquities
is
it
a most valuable
and of philology.
So
"Arte
Idioma Maya,"
del
in possession
of
my
Maya
ions
him
drawbacks Avere
other.
none
existed,
and
him to
sumed
MS. containing an
tion of
known
among
Yet
it is Avell
and other
one of these?
sciences;
Still
APPENDIX.
244
acknowledged
(p.
xxvii) in his
d'oeil
his translations
you wrote
making
it ?
You had
were simply
Ameri-
how
when
in
you ought
to be,
It is evident that
Maya
and that he did not notice the clew, placed by the author of the
Troano within reach of
his readers,
like
another thread of
He
mark
to
So
illustrations correspond.
an
He
many
names
of the s3^nbols
by Landa, not
many
APPENDIX.
words are formed of
many
found ia
tion of the
and
he
Maya
his acquaintance
more than he
felt,
with the
significa-
contents of the
syllables
However, through
ings.
245
really
Maya
made
by
Maya author
By
although
Maya books.
To
by
And may
ask
how
they
know
It
I
is
the same old, old story so happily expressed in these few French
words
had on
mais Vart
This recalls to
this
my mind a
est difficile.
certain conversation
which
I once
He
also
was
bitter in
"
writings ?
interpret a single
Maya
sign? "
" No," he answered, " but Mr. de Rosny, and with him
all
" So,
so,
my man,"
I replied,
is
it ?
"
this
is
Pray
me who
are the
APPENDIX.
246
Who
authorised Americcunists f
ment on the
efforts of
him ?
Is
"
Oh "
replied
my
antiquary friend,
American inscriptions."^
"Yes,
am aware of it;
By what
those of Brasseur.
right,
amount
their contents
he has determined,
greatest part of the
''
Is it because
Maya palaeography ?
to, so far as
is
pray ?
"What do
concerned ?
he
saj^s
Maya
that since
Maya
characters,
it
them.
said books
his
own
words,
'
J''ai dmine,
'
'
And
him a
right to
What
par
I say of the
sit
as judge,
Abbe
Brasseur ?
'
Maya
He, at
books and
least,
never
de Paris, vol.
'
auto-
lecture de
les americaiiistes
interpreted, give
"
eie aecej>tee
Ibid.,
APPENDIX.
designated any of the personages
247
who
Maya
figure in the
many whose
name
Maya
is
legion,
ography,
'
long nose,'
as
Ppa
who
pretend to be authorities on
'
'
palae-
title,
such
in the orna-
forces
'
the
is
'
he
'
god
who
is,
of
division
XJacach
swimming
plate
of
Ixv.
his
work, where
he
represents
May we
in the ocean.
occasion the
'
god
of rain
'
had
figured
is
to paddle his
own
canoe, and
Maya
very amusing
either.
Even the
"
I will
his
who have
followed in
the learned
Abbe was
which
it
is
streAvn.
Maya
as well
his acquaintance
den, p. 149.
Maya
with
moun-
APPENDIX.
248
tains of
Mams
Guatemala;
to
whom
Church, and
many
among
his sojourn
he administered the
preached in their
own
the Catholic
of
repeat, qualified
He
texts.
erred in letting
his
perfect?
judges err
him
Maya
Yet the learned Abbe was right in so saying; and they were
wrong in presuming to pass an opinion on what they did not
know, and do not even
translation,
it
was
rect.
at present.
their
this ?
JSTo
Why not ?
Maya
it
was
incor-
Because they
texts,
and are
to
Maya
him
in 1520
of Yucatan,
him
for having
day.
and
the existence of
libraries, private
whose companions
in
No
one knew
in
what
them as being
work Belacion de
by Landa
in his
'
library
of
the
'
Royal Academy of
it
History
'
in
Madrid.
APPENDIX.
where
it
had
printed.
it
had
more than
lain for
my
all
mem-
interlocutor,
impatience to
ory to be respected by
My
349
Abbe,
inter-
all
condemn you
as they have
Brasseur."
"Indeed!
"Well, sir,
it
knowingly.
let
it;
that
is,
'
Strike, but
of Themis-
heaeme! "
'
APPENDIX.
250
Note XVI.
(7)
still
pre-
Buddaghosha Parables,"
vails in Yucatan, as it
translation by H. T. Eogers, R.E.) and other places where we
does in India ("
find
Maya customs
(1)
and
traditions.
(p.
236):
"El primer
dia del ano desta gente era siempre a xvi dias de nuestro
mes
siecles apres
De die Natali,"
Egypt
b.c.
first
star."
first of
by the
rising of Sothis, or
Dog-
APPENDIX.
Note XVII.
(2)
251
(Page 124.)
Law
She, wise
make an enemy
woman
was not
that
of Hilkiah, gave an
it
seems,
The prevalent
opin-
ion at the beginning of the Christian era, regarding the authorship of the Pentateuch,
(Clementine, Homily,
IS^oTE
(1)
p. 95):
Henry Grose,
II.,
'
'
XVIII.
Voyage
(Page 127.)
in the
East Indies
'
'
(chap.
vii.
is
beauty and
on supposing
it,
as there
is all
reason to suppose
it,
con-
APPENDIX.
252
Note XIX.
(Page 139.)
The
acceptance,
acceptance of
it is
From
mitted.
of the present
that
moment they
means that he
When
exists in Japan.
marriage, a flower-pot
window-sill.
the flower
is
The
is
is
are betrothed.
rejected.
The
is
ad-
refusal
similar custom
it.
If
next morning
knowing that he
is
welcome.
If,
is
not wanted.
why
to-
first
In
this
custom we find
the serpent
was
said to have
APPENDIX.
Note XX.
253
The Mayas held Fire to be the breath, the direct emanation of Ku, the Supreme Intelligence; its immediate agent
through which all things were produced, and the whole crea(1)
To
it,
ual
special
it
as deity itself.
which a perpet-
by
priestesses
guished.
priests
it
fire,
whose
and
They were called Zvihiiy Kak, "VirAt their head was a Lady Superior,
naacaii-katun,^
Ix
meant " She who is forever
nobles.
whose
title,
exalted."
They procured
the
new
two
pieces of
wood
together.
facades of
all
Maya
history,
embellished the
Taken
collectively
they read
is
The
inter-
form a
lUd.
lib. iv.
cap.
ii.,
p. 177.
APPENDIX.
254
They thus
world.
afford us a glimpse of
Maya
some
priesthood.
of the scientific
Their knowl-
pies,
FROM USMAL.
(PLATE LXSHI.)
initiates only.
known
except to those
Science
few.
was then,
as
it is
claimed
it
as their
in our times,
it,
and no one
but
its
is
acquirement
is
costly,
and beyond
The temples
of the
Maya
time; and,
tic
hand
what
is
gnawed by the
slowl}'-
but
relentless tooth of
of ignorance
and avarice.
Page
S56.
Plate
LXXni.
APPENDIX.
tlie
abode of
and
bats, swallows,
355
Lairs of the wild
serpents.
beasts of the forests, they are not only deserted but shunned
by human
the sages
beings,
who
who
stand in
awe
Where now
of them.
from
Do
are
intelligence,
another cycle of mundane existences in more advanced planetary worlds than ours
To-day
I surely violate
no oath
if
whom
by the Egyptian
ries of
their
priests,
minds
and that
mys-
mj^steIt is
ation
by
first
is,
[chaos]
under consider-
Hermes
fire,
Trismegistus.
pure and
light,
"Out
and rising
of
it
it
Avas
appeared noAvhere."
fire.
Avater Avere
by the
Avater,
'
::
APPENDIX.
256
Again we read
in the
"For
and a
The author
of
how
of the
tells us:
life,
calm and
recital
aU was
silent;
itself;
In the
'
'
Manava-Dharraa-Sastra,
Power
He
'
'
we are told
'
'
The visible
Then the
and appeared
Spirit.
'
\ corresponds to
our Latin letter h, or ch, which in Maya UlJ
pronounced
As
in Egjqitian so in
Maya,
the sign /^
is
is
"to
create,"
"to
or life."
Placed as
epitome of
it is
its
in the inscription,
horizon
It is
;
\xy
is
of water."
stands for
its
heading or
it
repre-
from right
it
contents.
"a drop
emanating from
and
of
APPENDIX.
apparently travels every day.
257
These same
Maya
is
and
circle is divided,
nents
North
As
language, radical of
which the
America,
Europe.
We
aU. civilized
water
is
because that
is
the
first
it
is
said
The Mayas,
earth.
"J.," probably
Q,
of the water
When
letter of the
majority of alphabets
in use.
The Egyptians were not the inventors of their own alphaThey attributed it to Thoth, their god of letters. Did
bet.
they learn from the Mayas the name and shape of their first
letter?
17
APPENDIX.
258
" J. " in
Maya is
radical of
A few
as a verb, to
Aakil,
first
will sulBce.
become green,
as
showers.
to spring back to
to revivify;
idea
as does nature
life,
when
it lies
dormant.
Ab,
Ac,
is
swamps; popula-
tion; people.
C\r%
t^
is
As an
alphabetical sign,
it is
the
As
sh.
X of
the
Maya alphabet,
prefix to a noun,
it
indicates
article.
female forces of
the
Maya
letter
represents
it
f N, component part of Q,
corresponding U\J to our H, stands \D
th.e
as
nature.,
Oo'
The character
the signs that in
to
letter
iV
in
^O
is
composed of two C
the
Maya
As a
ours.
distinct
MS.
one of
^,
alphabet
equivalent
is
symbol
it
is
found
ii.).
This sign has been mistaken by the learned Dr. Henry Schliemann for
Quoting my name in his work Troja (p. 122), he says it was discovered by me in the mural inscriptions of the Mayas. This is an error,
'
a svastica.
so far as the
meaning
of tlie sign
sages.
I
concerned.
It
is
it.
ever found
the ancient
I
can assert
;i
Maya
is
that
APPENDIX.
The author
that
it
seas;"
of
of this
259
that
his readers
is,
by
of Florida, to
Cape
Gulf,
Nau
and
Does not
Ady it
is
the image
The
dominion.
of a sieve,
sieve in
Maya
is
Under
Mayab,
one of the
The
character
initial letter of
X, the female
many words
is
the
and to
generation.
held,
had
Maya
It
dis-
sages, in
express
many
them
in as concise a
manner
as possible.
instance
Xaa,
Xaan,
to flow.
to flow slowly.
It
becomes, by permutation.
So, for
APPENDIX.
360
Nax,
to
on the surface of the waters; or the phosphorescence of the water in tropical seas.
floating
Xaab,
may
tion
xab.
wise
Maya priests
This
selected as
emblem
why
the
^O
power, intelligence, as
all
vocables allied to
it.
Such, for
instance, as:
Kaan,
manifested, raised.
K.aauaat,
Kanab,
Kanha,
Kanchaac,
Kauan,
the sea.
The
that which
'
necessary,
which
is
precious.
is
In water, by
fire
created the male and female forces of nature, and they pro-
duced
all
things."
the ancient
APPENDIX.
Mayas,
261
Hindoos, and
other civilized nations of antiquity, held that the mtal principle, the soul, in
man and
was an igneous
animals,
fluid that
material body.
in the
Dynamics
We learn
by
"often
is
sensitives."
ideas of the
Egyp-
Fire, a constit-
when immersed
ignis."
Hermes Trimegistus
teaches that
its fiery
tunic again,
and
floats hence-
Among
hymns of
unity of God
is
the air; so
is
is
is
taught.
One
is
viii., p.
is
that pure
of said
{Asiatic
431.)
fills
The substance
is
on
"When a body
all
is
composed of
motion, of aU
it.
life.
It is
It
the milky
way toward
the moon.
There
it
combines with
APPENDIX.
262
body that
enters the
it,
grows,
suffers,
and
perishes
is
fit
forming;
It then
completely, animates
fills it
"When
it.
this
body
its
It
it.
with lunar
It
air.
is
it
its
association
or envelope.
The
If the individual
vessel or hoat.
that
whole soul
his vehicle
is,
had
lived a righteous
it
life,
ascended
and
as
his ether
its
his
back
The
to
God.
life,
vehicle
If,
his soul
became
it
purified,
wander-
While
in Asia,
according
and
of
Cicero {Tuscul.,
to
it, if
believe Herodotus.
i:he
soul
the Egyptians.'^
Kak
Ka
i.,
16),
who pretended
we
story of
lib.
He
to be the inventors
by Pherecides
heen invented hy
Mayas ?
" fire."
is
the
is
ence; individuality.
Kii
is
the
Maya
'
Herodotus,
Hist., lib.
ii.,
cxxiii.
APPENDIX.
Khu = Akh
is
Maya,
Khu = Akh,
'
God-head.
light;
Kul,
263
to worship
to adore.
The root of life was in every drop of the ocean of immortaland the ocean was radiant light, which was fire, am,d heat,
'
ity,
and
motion.
peared in
and
its
own
essence,
tlie
it
disap-
APPENDIX.
264
Note XXI.
(1)
It
may be
(Page 158.)
tas,"
'
wisdom
in India.
This chapter
in a council of Bodhisattvas
is
that
is,
of
had
" The
who
Then the
them.
blessed
have entered
innumerable Tathagatas, by
whom
The
all
these wise
men pronounced
dis-
Abbe Hue,
Journey
through Thibet and Tartary " (vol. ii., chap, vi., p. 158),
says: " A respectful salutation in Thibet consists in uncovering
'
Apud
'
APPENDIX.
the head,
lolliiig
W.
265
'
p. 606),
says
ing out of the tongue, and at the same time holding out both
...
is
At
the
mode
mode
and rubbing
same time."
INDEX.
A, meanings of letter
Afghanistan, names of places
Maya words
PAGE
358
....
Akkadian
in,
197
ordered by Assurbanipal
37
Annals,
Maya,
den
Antagonism
and
Maya
Maya
meaning
Art,
.18
in Mayacli.
In Egypt, like7
America, its ancient history never
ness placed on coffin lid
taken into account
.10 Asps, emblematic of royalty in
.
hypotheses regarding
...
its
ix
Egypt
peo.
xiv
universe
123
abhorred by
languages com-
pared
its
sciences,
early Christians
and
Coll
of the brothers
andAac
Arts
East
Akkad,
Ancona,
viii
Asshur, god,
name
of
88
.5
Maya
199
ori-
Maya
Maj'a structures,
ers
unknown
their build-
to natives
xxxiii
Spanish invasion
xxxii
name Maj'a
GO
in Mayacli,
attendant of God of Death
115
Baao,
cynocephalus
Babel,
its
Maya etymology
34
INDEX.
268
PAGE
Maya
etymology of
its
....
73
74
Cocom,
Mayaell and
killed
India
by
133
105
his nobles
172
Ill CogoUudo, biographical sketch of
God of Rain
wrote the most complete hissymbol of principal female
tory of Yucatan
xxxiii. 330
13
divinity
Blue, mourning color of Mayas, 89 Consulting fate on the entrails of a
peccary
134
90
of Egyptians
Cosmic egg, origin of all things
Books, Maya, written in alphabetical characters
xxxi Cosmic diagram, Chaldean and
17
Hindoo amplifications of the
Brahmins, origin of, obscure
borrowed their science from
26
Maya
others
17 Cosmogonic
conceptions,
epitoBurmah, Mayas in
201
mized in names of cardinal numoffering to
....
bers
Can,
,
Maya rulers
title of
important meanings
initiated into Sacred Mys-
its
Cans,
teries
...
....
93
Khati
Maya,
points,
named
300
genii
of,
according to
Maya writings
Carian and Maya woman's dress,
.
Caribbean Sea,
its
emblem a deer
Carthaginians, America
Carvings of
A'isited by,
perfect
xliv
xii
nists
Maya
...Maya
Empire
Clialdeans, primitive,
their
122
.5
name
Maya word
75
of
256
Cross,
emblem
of
Mayas
rarely
103
found
in
Maya sculp-
.29
.
33
33
110
of
140
fruit
xxiii
colo-
strangers in Babylonia
egg
tures
figure in cosmic
77
70
Custom
Their meaning
man
,
entrance to
215
make
lintel at
reli-
gious conceptions
62
03
.
Maya
how
...
notions, base of
God
of Death at Uxnial
115
Cynocephalus, indigenous to Central America, not to Egypt
116
.
INDEX.
Danavas, of Maya origin
Decimal system, use of, proved by
,
PAGE
2
Maya ruins
220
used by Egyptians
310
Mu,
names
149
narrated in Egyptian
archives
in the
53
Mayas
Emblems,
Maya,
319
258
interpreted
Mayas
Can dynasty
that of the
End
of
.
strangers
146
told in the
187
described by
Maya authors
52
of their ancestors
primitive,
the
58
240
Maya
word
Destruction of
home
a,
(note) 138
269
of
Enmity
tional
149
Dhyan Chohans,
14
143
of
tradi-
133
Memorial Hall,
meaning of ornamentation
130
Entablature
of
four Maharajahs
Hindoos
.217 Errors of Abbe Brasseur
343
Diagram, mystic, of the Mayas 220 Esoteric meaning of cardinal numDragon, emblem on banners of
bers, Maya
233
Khans in Asia
199
of numbers in various
of the
Ma-
Maya,
countries
83
xliv
in olden times
Durability of
pigments used by
Mayas
cosmic diagram of
in the
its
origin
Maya doctrine of
sciences
known
330
316
16
71
79
the
to
Mayas
333
xv
Failure of scholars to read
01
must be sought
West
Mayas
Exact
unknown
Maya,
88
doctrine of creation,
132
hieroglyphics
Maya
348
ceremony of Pou,
Pate, read by
53
(note) 129
Feast of Feralia
10
Sphinx, the enigma of history, 159 Feathers worn by kings and waropinion of various wririors
xlv
ters regarding it
159
insignia of gods and kings,
painted red
95
(note) 100
.
Art, maturity of
301
its
names
at base of
it
Festival of ancestors,
to
.
buildings surrounding
position relative
the pyramid
,
it,
among
all
100
161
known darkness
102
element
319
187, 301
INDEX.
270
PAGE
Homen,
unknown
remote,
208
and
viscera
pre-
...
in
Canopi
of, its
84
in
of
cardinal
the
Mayas
symbology
and others
meaning
Goddess
God
Isis,
...
of Rain, invocations to
tian characters
of,
13
104
260
Egyp-
God
goddess, her
Islitar,
like
Maya
of Kain.
100, 232
60
in Egypt,
in Greece, India,
...
...
and
.167
xxx
symbolized by image
Mexico
.109 Itzaes, abandoned their homes
of Southern Cross
.
72
Its
name Maya,
Good Mother,
the
Isis,
199
with
historical interest
132
70
Intimate relation of
Invocation to
195
....
Mayas
in
primitive Chaldeans
15
games
of
261
Tableau,
85
.86
.
the
of
87
Kabul mound
220
believed
...
Inscription on Creation
points,
Mayas
on
Genii
....
origin
Immortality, the
Egypt.
in
127
Mayas
charred
.5
symbol of royalty
urns,
(note) 148
Egypt
in
Funeral customs of
Egyptians
in
Coli
history of Prince
....
Forces
Volcanic
of
at Cliicllen,
paintings,
Fresco
race
God
name
Jehovah,
Hakaptah, a
Maya word
Hanuman,
veneration
Ceylon
for,
.
Hapimau, name
etymology
Hieroglyphics,
Maya,
on
tation of
,
Kabul
48 Jesus,
mound,
by in
.38
195
196
Kanaau,
llic
Katish,
.81
.
1!)7
198
a Blaya word
nanio of the city
]>Ia>a word
Khan
interpre-
47
78
Maya
not
of,
words spoken
tongue
last
Maya
in
as tliose of
lenijue
of Nile,
same
as
Cau,
58
of,
63
meaning
199
Eastern title, emblematized
a dragon
199
or
its
INDEX.
name of the, a Maya word, 61
King jMenes, his name a Maya
word
48
Knowledge among Mayas, privilege of priesthood and nobility, xxxi
Khati,
271
Maya
Empire, emblems
of
Mu,
,
emblem
....
its
struction
144
ten provinces
its
Plato's Atlantis
66
xli
and
Maya
Language,
and
.171
letters
.
trac-
in
...Maya
tures
egg,
its
side
explanation
Leleges, ancient
Maya
name
.
of
.
xvi
the
Maya
sketch of
36
.181
hydrophobia,
Map
of
Maya
.41
xliii
Mausoleum
Chicheii
of
Coll
Prince
.
at
.155
93
73
xxiii
traditions
xvii
Aryan
.22
civilization, ancient,
decadency
xxxiv
xxxi
books, description of
writings
name among
.174
na-
relate the
destruc-
Canaan
xviii
....
colonists,
went
59
unknown
to chroniclers
tions of antiquity
for
a universal
myths and
meaning of yellow
mother of gods and men
remains, destroyed by curio
hunters
.213
Ain j mean-
.63
xxxiii
of Carians,
Lilcbabi,
.74
esoteric
cosmic
.
antiquity
112
Legend on each
25
a knowledge of
necessary for understanding sculp,
represented after
how
an accurate guide
elephant worship
death
gauge of a nation's
spirit
.44
settlement
44
rulers,
preserved
Nubia
Maioo
xliv
called their
after de-
ex-
of the Nile in
Land
of,
plained
to the land of
57
.
24
INDEX.
273
Maya
Mayas
....
carved in stone
philosophers,
cosmogonicand
their
.74
.39
.55
.58
names
and
artists
....
and
to a calabash
colonizers, astronomers,
architects
traces of the,
found in
2
128
intensely patriotic
xxxi
civ-
54
300
spirits of
men reanimated
stat-
Mayach,
fruit
offering a pro-
252
not India, mother of nations 23
great personages of, deified, xxxi
ruins of
Meaning of
all his-
xv
Mayapan,
157
posal of marriage in
(note)
Ixii
and
128
their great
xlvi
28
Nahuatls
Iviii
27
the
35
scientists
,
in
colonies
perspective
xliv
....
established
158
81,
and geographers
16
Nile, antiquity of
geologists
Mayas
their skulls
vari-
identical
323
notions,
others, portrayed
in sculpture
try
the
105
of Prince
xxx
Coh's name
28
157
21
....
be
,
fire
timate of dates
Misiir
life to
155
Mizraim,
Maya
elyniology of
INDEX.
373
of
Maya
......
Mayacli,
in
77, 116
in India
Monkey-god
....
their iniquities
ligious practices
Japan
history
of
struction preserved by
...
tions
its
stone
its
118
231
many
computation
,
na-
Maya
thirteen basis of
de-
its
professors
211
adoption discussed by
.
.211
CO
......
destruction
Number
xxxvii
spots in
destruction re-
its
and
re-
buried in reserved
Mu, Land
because of
Babylonia
178
adhere to ancient
.....
in
image by an In-
dian prince
sacred
price
77
Thoth, great
Monkey worship
recorded
brought civilization to
Mesopotamia
.20
Maya etymology of the
Cannes,
in
Ixiv
......
anists
193
theii'
194
conquests
khans
rulers held sway over Hintheir rajahs called
Maya adepts
originally
meaning
of the
19
Maya
meaning
number
of
thirteen
enmity
(note) 147
between
(note) 76
woman
and serpent
142
Ornaments in use among ancient
.
Empire, accordbooks
...
19
Yucatan
10
300 Origin of nobility
.97
196
of ill-luck being attributed to
....
Maya
of Carians
in China, Japan,
stroyed cities
ing to
Ma-
in
of
dead,
word
Nahuatl sacrifice
Nahuatls invaded Yucatan and de-
Name
the
Offerings to
64
Mayas
117
INDEX.
374
of
Tucatan
Aac
Prince
165
Moo
Lorenzo
lineal
Huns
....
incited
war
civil
139
religious
141
251
189
Maya sculptures
inhabitants
its
....
phanta Island
Palenque, were
142
Queen
by a present of oranges
de-
Muna
Queen
...
proffered love to
106
scendant of kings of
in cave temples, Ele-
Paintings
vanquished
.
xxxv
Mdo,
Pacab, Don
125
from an egg
110-113
:
tablet explained
74
Pyramids in Yucatan, invariably
Pdt^la (Central America), mother
twenty-one metres high
100, 194
country of Nagfis
224
Pentateuch, not written by Moses, 251 Pythagoras's teachings regarding
.
etc.,
not
Mayas
216
compared
Cay,
Pontiff
entrails of
Queen
Pou
190
Maya,
Physiognomy,
82
of
II.,
pupil of Moor-
of
(note)
hand
130
Maj^acli
and Egypt
156
called
162
loin, corrupted
into Isis
154
called
136
Man
in
Egypt
155
pre-
154
129
offer of
"West Indies
in cere-
Pou
Priests of Osiris
consulting fate by
Position of priest's
mony
....
fish
made
marriage to
130
built in
Cliicheii a
memorial haU and a mausoleum
to the memory of her husband
155
her refusal of Prince
Aac's love brought misery to
Iier and to her country
140
her flight from the
ish philosophers
Posca, what
219
Mdo,
,
consulting fate by
Pope Sylvester
numbers
Egyptian Sphinx
136
portrayed as a leopard,
willi
human head
,
166
159
chemi-
cally analyzed
slain
as
Osiris
Sel
Priiu-c
Aac
bocauu' a (vriint
158
143
its.
moaning
in
Mava
103
INDEX.
for seals
ancient Egyptians
among
.
102
Mayas
...
Maya word
Respect for
elders in
as in
Egypt
Mayacli
.
132
....
sisters
222
form background to
scales of,
Chiclieii
antagonism of Sun with
offering
of
emblem
of
Mayacli
217
Aum
"
liv,
239
shape of the
.
i.v
origin
its
iv
explained by
Maya language
90
yacli
word "
97
Egyptian,
unknown
for Land
199
Maya,
252
tian alike
,
ex-
by,
.
Set,
131
Ma-
fruit
.
Yucatan peninsula
united
75
123
plained
59
pos-
223
Rephaim, a
of,
sible origin
263
275
name
lix
of Yucatan,
Egyp-
symbol of dominion
259
the Egyptians
as symbol of power
137
of Cliristian era
xxxi Similarity of Maya and Hindoo
architecture and customs
Sati, a, Maya word, name given
24
by Egyptians to the Rephaim
58 Skulls deformed by some Pacific
Islanders
Science, the privilege of the few
254
190
Soul, escape of the
Scientific knowledge revealed in
261
224 Sphinx, totem of Prince Coh,
Maya architecture
adorning his mausoleum
Sculptured portraits used as fu158
mode
13,
24
Maya
no
longer understood at beginning
of writing
tian
,
why chosen by
87 Sri-Santara, names of
neral urns
Sculptures in
in Greece
Mayacli, colored
and
parts are
as
otlier countries
its
various
Maya words
an
22
araplifieation of the
Maya
cosmic diagram
of dying warrior, on
17
155 Standard lineal measure, why the
Prince Coil's mausoleum
Self-torture by devotees of Goddess
Mayas adopted the metre
224
109 Statues of deceased persons, made
Kali
Scidpture
...
in
America
108
Indies,
Serpent,
its
,
West
Maya origin
emblem
Mayas,
of the Creator
Mayas
87
nails
94
as in
among
by the
America
192
in the East, as in
71
America,
.
.192
INDEX.
376
Statues of
Maya
rulers,
Troana MS.,
conven-
59
15
Stone circles, their meaning
Story of enmity between the woman
142
and the serpent
buildings careSurvey of
203
fully made
.
....
Maya
Maya sculptures
Maya
origin
Taba, word of
Tau, Egyptian, explained
language
Maya
Tehom,
word
name
Thalatth, her
gin
of
document
torical
.73
39
lation of
....
Ivi
...
Maya word
a Maya word
Tzidon, a
Tzur,
Maya
Urukh,
(note) Ix
.59
.60
....
Maya
royalty in
128
conception of
Maya
2l'5
etymology of the
name of
Uxnial, escutcheon
.
of
.36
xlvi
Vase,
191
cury in
.175
...
174
Universe,
ori-
244
Umbrella, insignia of
110
48
by
gives a
description of the
lation of
Maya
....Maya
deep,
the
author
112
its
85
146
memorate date of cataclysm
God of Wisdom, as eynoVirgins of the fire
cephalus monkey, second God of
Votive offerings
114
the Dead
Vulture, symbol of Goddess
.
Thotli,
....
.
God
Maya word
name a
....
Maya
of Letters, its
78
72
origin
Isis
analysis of the
Maya
of the
God
12
73
word
259
for
of the Fields
62
of At-
9Q
lantis
xi
xli
116
the,
101
85
253
alty
in
Mayacli,
the
like
....
INDEX.
Work
of
Worship
Abbe Brasseur
of elephants, of
PAGE
243
Maya
origin
Maya origin
of serpent, of Maya origin
of tree, Maya origin
.
PAGE
Sf)
of cross, of
277
25
25
25
its
of
Eastern Yucatan
Ma-
.250
Zahi,
name given
the Egyptians.
to Phoenicia
Maya
58
West
....
of
179
by
A Maya word,
the
worship by natives of
Ix