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Procedurefortakingcrankshaftdeflections
PublishedonMonday,20February201221:28|WrittenbyArunG|

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1. Describetheprocedurefortakingcrankshaftdeflections,explainingallprecautionsthat
mustbeobserved.(5)
2. Explainwhatdeflectionreadingsactuallymeanandsuggesttheactionwhichmustbe
takenshouldreadingsbeoutsidevaluesrecommendedbytheenginemanufacturer.(5)
3. Describeasafeprocedureforcheckingweardownatabearing.(6)
a.Beforetakingasetofcrankcasedeflectionsobservethefollowingprecautions:
Carryoutariskassessmentprocedure.Mostcompaniesnowhavethispreloadedonacomputer
intheformofachecklist.Itwillinclude:
Permissiongrantedtoimmobiliseengine.
Startingairshutoffandlockedoff.
Opentheindicatorcocks.
EnginecooleddownsufficientlytoallowLOpumpstobeshutdown.
Onlargeengineswhereitispossibletoclimbinsidethecrankcaseortoputheadand
shouldersinsidewhileworking,itshouldbetreatedasanenclosedspace,andapermitto
workisrequired.
Ensurethatnooneelseisworkingelsewhereontheengine(e.g.cleaningthescavenge
space).
Checkthatnooneisworkinginthevicinityoftheshaftingsystem,andthatthebridge
haveconfirmedthatitisOKtoturntheengine.
Ifthedeflectionsarebeingtakenafterworkingontheengineensurethatalltoolsand
liftinggearareremovedfromtheengine.
Onlythepersoninchargeoftheoperationistooperatetheturninggear.
Deflectionsaretakenbyplacingadialindicatororremotereadinggaugeintoapopmarked
positionbetweenthetwocrankwebsofacrankshaftthrow.Theengineisturnedtojustafter
bottomdeadcentre,andthegaugeiszeroed.Theengineisthenturned,andthegaugereading
takenwhentheengineis90beforeTDC,TDC,90afterTDCandthenlastlyjustbeforeBDC.
(Note:onsomeengines,themanufacturermayrecommendturningtheengineasterntotakethe
readings).Itisnormalpracticetoturntheenginetojustafterthegaugepositionandthen
reversetheturninggeartonegatetheliftingeffectoftheturninggear.Itisimportantthatthe
crankshaftjournalsaresittingonthebottombearingshellswhentakingthereadings.Thiscan
becheckedusingfeelergauges.
Thereadingsarerecordedonachartasshown.
UnitNo

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(A)BDC(1)
(B)Port
(C)TDC
(D)Stbd
(E)BDC(2)
(F)A/2+E/2
(G)CF

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(H)BD

TheverticaldeflectionisthereadingatTDCminustheaverageofthetwoBDCreadings.The
horizontaldeflectionisthePortreadingminustheStarboardreading.
b.Ifacrankthrowissupportedbetweentwobearingsofequalheight,thentheweightofthe
runninggearwillopenandclosethecrankwebsasshown.Thereforeifthebearingsareofequal
heightandperfectlyaligned,thecrankwebswillopenandcloseastheengineisturned.

Whentheengineisfirstinstalledintheshipandtheshipisafloat,thealignmentofthebearings
ischeckedandasetofdeflectionreadingstaken.Thesearerecordedintheengine
documentation.
Ifthebearingsareoutofalignmenteitherhorizontallyorvertically,thenthesedeflectionswill
alterasthecrankshaftbendstositdowninthebearings.Ifthisbendingbecomesexcessive
(indicatedbyexcessivedeflections)thenoperatingtheenginemayoverstressthecrankshaft
leadingtoafatiguefailure.Bycomparingthedeflectionsobtainedwiththeoriginalreadings,it
canbedeterminedwhetherthisbendingiswithinacceptablelimits.
Ifthedeflectionsarefoundtobeoutsidethelaiddownparameters,thenthefirstthingtodois
tocheckthatthereadingstakenwerecorrectbyretakingthem.Ifthereadingshavebeentaken
afterworkonthemainbearings(i.efittingnewbearings),thenthejobmustbereexamined.
Perhapsthewrongtypeofshellhasbeenfitted.
Themostobviouscauseofexcessivedeflectionsisunevenbearingweardown.However,
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incorrectcargoloading,differentialhulltemperature,collision,groundingandfrettedchocks
canallcausedistortionoftheenginebedplateandthusbearingmisalignment.
Ifdeflectionsareexcessive,thenensurethecauseisnotoneoftheeasilyrectifiablecauses(i.e.
incorrectloadingofcargo).Next,thebearingweardownmustbechecked.,andiffoundtobe
uneven,rectified.IftheseareOKthenitmaybeduetooneofthemoreseverereasons.Itisat
thispointthatconsultationwiththeenginebuilderandsuperintendancymayberequired.Itmay
bepossibletooperatetheengineatreducedloaduntilthecausecanbemorefullyanalysedand
stepstorectifytheprobleminvestigated.
c)Beforeundertakinganyworkontheengineariskassessmentmustbeundertakenand
precautionsaslaiddownina)followed.Measurementofweardownmayinvolveliftingthe
bearingcover,ifthisisthecasethenallliftinggear,strops,shacklesetc.mustbeexaminedfor
defects,andcheckedtheyarewithincertification.
Ifthebearingcoveristoberemoved,thentheprocedureoutlinedisforalargeB&Wengine,
buttheprocedurewouldbealongsimilarlinesforanylargemarinedieselengine.
Takeoffthelubeoilsupplypipetothemainbearing.
Mountthehydraulicjacksandloosenthecovernuts.
Turntheenginesothatthecrankthrowispointingtotheoppositesideoftheengine.
Removethenutsandwashers,boltontheliftingtoolandliftthebearingcover(s)using
anexternalchainblockandapulleyblockboltedontheAframe.
Removethetophalfofthebearing.
Removeanyshimsfittedbetweenthetwobearinghalves,makingnoteoftheirthickness
takingcarenottomixthemup.
Oncethecovershavebeenremoveddonotturntheengineunlessstopsarefittedto
preventturningoutthebottombearingshells.
Placethebridgegaugeovertheshaftandmeasuretheclearancebetweenthegaugeand
shaft.Comparethisreadingwiththetestbedreadings.

OnsomeenginestheweardowncanbecheckedbyremovingtheLOsupplypipeandusinga
specialdepthgaugereferencedfromthetransversegirderwhichfitsthroughtheoilholeonto
thetopofthecrankshaftjournal.

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