CIVIL Engineering Department

Thammasat University

FREE VIBRATION

RESPONSE
E OF A DAMPED SYSTEM UNDER HARMONIC FORCE

MR. BHAKAPONG BHADRAKOM

Free Vibration of a Cantilever tower

Mathematical Analysis
The fundamental frequency for the beam with no axial load is

( )
=

b
L

Fixed - support

fn

= the natural frequency

(Hz)

= the modulus of elasticity

(N/m2)

= the area moment of inertia

(m4)

L
m

= the length
= the mass per unit length

(m)
(Kg/m)

Free Vibration of a Cantilever tower

3

Natural vibration modes and frequencies of cantilever beams

Free Vibration of a Cantilever tower

4

Problem 1

Cantilever tower, A reinforced-concrete 130m high, has a uniform hollow circular cross
section with outside diameter 8 m and wall thickness 0.7 m and the damping is
estimated as 2%. The unit weight of concrete is 2549.49 kg/m^3 and its elastic
modulus Ec = 30 GPa

Free Vibration of a Cantilever tower

Solution

1. Determine the natural frequency

Length :

Cross-section area : = = 4 3.3

= 16.
140m

Mass/mater :

= = . 16. =

Moment of inertia :

=
4 3.3 = .
4
= 3.

Flexural rigidity :

0.7 m
8m

0.7 m
The natural period :

8m

3.
= .
2

= = 1 /
=

1
= 3.

Free Vibration of a Cantilever tower

6

Frequency (Hz)

Frequency (rad/sec)

( )

The natural period (sec)

Mode

Frequency (Hz)

Frequency (rad/sec)

The natural period (sec)

3.516

0.2539

1.5955

3.9379

22.03

1.5910

9.9971

0.6285

61.70

4.4562

27.9992

0.2244

120.90

8.7318

54.8639

0.1145

Modal Analysis
SAP2000

Modal Analysis SAP2000

Begin a New Model
1. File menu > New Model
2. Select the Grid Only button, and
the form

Modal Analysis SAP2000

Begin a New
w Model

3. The program will appear as shown in Figure. Note that the grids
appear in two view windows tiled vertically, an X-Z Plan View on the
left and a 3-D View on the right.

Modal Analysis SAP2000

Define a Material

Define menu > Materials command to

display the Define Materials

Modal Analysis SAP2000

Definee Sections

Define > Section properties > frame section

Modal Analysis SAP2000

Restraints

Assign menu > Joint > Restraints

command to access the Joint Restraints

Modal Analysis SAP2000

Analysiss Options
13

Modal Analysis SAP2000

Run thee Analysis

Analyze menu > Run Analyze or F5

Modal Analysis SAP2000

15

mode

Theory (sec)

3.9379

0.6285

0.2244

0.1145

Sap 2000 (sec)

3.938

0.6284

0.2244

0.11454

16

Time-history
analysis

Time-history analysis
17

Harmonic Loads
A harmonic force is = , where is the amplitude or
maximum value of the force and its frequency is called the exciting frequency
or forcing frequency; =

is the exciting period or forcing period

Time-history analysis

, =

+ ..

Shape function cantilever beam

= sin sinh +

sin + sinh
(cosh + cos )
cos + cosh

Time-history analysis

= + )(
M

M
=
M

Time-history analysis
Mode 1

Length

d = .

( )d = .

Cross-section
area
Mass/mater
Moment of
inertia
Flexural rigidity

=
= 16.
= = .

= 3.

= = ,.23 /

M
= = 14,,612.
M

= = 8,,.

= .

= 2

Time-history analysis
Mode 1

= sin sinh +

sin 1. + sinh 1.
(cosh + cos )
cos 1. + cosh 1.

= 1.

(t)

U(140,t)
= * (t)

0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
.
.
.
300

0.000126535
0.014758313
0.017222903
0.005488423
-0.010770875
-0.018150345
-0.010566136
0.005729107
.
.
.
0.000126535

0.000253
0.029514
0.034443
0.010976
-0.02154
-0.0363
-0.02113
0.011457
.
.
.
0.000253

Time-history
with SAP2000

Theroy mode 1
Displacement (m)

Time

0.04
0.03
0.02
0.01
0
-0.01200
-0.02
-0.03
-0.04

202

Time (sec)

204

Time-history analysis with SAP2000

Step 1

Select the ADD FUNCTION

DEFINE
Functions

Time History

Sine

Time-history analysis with SAP2000

Step 2

DEFINE
LOAD CASE

Add new
Load case

Model

Time-history analysis with SAP2000

Step 3

DEFINE
LOAD CASE

Add new
Load case
Time history

Time-history analysis with SAP2000

Running Analysis

Select Run from the Analyze menu to analyze the structure or (F5)

Time-history analysis with SAP2000

Display
Show plot
function

Time-history analysis with SAP2000

Sap2000

Theroy mode 1

0.04

Displacement (m)

0.03
0.02
0.01
0
-0.01

200

202

204

206

-0.02
-0.03
-0.04

Time (sec)

208

210

Time-history analysis with SAP2000

Time-history analysis with SAP2000

Sap2000 mode 1+2+3

Theroy mode 1+2+3

0.2
0.15

DISPLACEMENT (M)

0.1
0.05
0
-0.05
-0.1
-0.15
-0.2
200

202

204

206
TIME (SEC)

208

210

31

Work shop

Workshop
32

A simply supported bridge with a single span of length L has a deck of uniform cross
section with mass m per meter length and flexural rigidity EI. Neglecting damping,
Determine the natural vibration frequencies for the first two three modes.
b
h

Length :

area :

= =

Density :

= .

Modulus of elasticity :

Workshop
Numerical results
Mode n

Natural vibration frequencies

The natural period

Mode 1

Mode 2

=
= 1.

= .643

4
=
= 6.222

= .

Mode 3

= 13.

= .

Thank you
CIVIL Engineering Department
Thammasat University