Student: Katarina Lalovic

Professor: Jasminka Omerovic

First chemistry
design
UWC Mostar

Date: 10.02.2013.

Research question
How does the temperature affects the time reqiured to break the bonds within
substances with different intermolecular forces?

Aim
Foreshadowing which bond is the strongest by the time required for samples of
different alchols to vaporize, among which different bonds are present.

Hypothesis
In different alcohols different bonds are present and they all have different
strenghts. Due to that, if the temperature increases, the time required for
samples to vaporize will decrease; the higher temperature required to break
bonds, the stronger the bond is.

Variables
Independent variable: temperature required for the vaporation of alcohol samples
( C / 0.5 )
Dependent variable: time required for samples to vaporize ( min / 0.01 )
Controled variables: amount of substances, types of bonds between them, STP
Control of variables: Variables will be easilly controled using different apparatus.
The time will be controled with stopwatch ( 0.01 ), amount of substances will be
controled using the small pasteur pipette ( 0.25 ) and less of them will be taken
since the gasses released could be poisoned. The temperature will be measured
with thermometer ( 0.5 ).

Apparatus and materials

Apparatus: water bath, thermometer ( 0.5 ), 9 test tubes, test tube wrack, test
tube holder, pasteur pipette ( 0.25 ), stopwatch ( 0.01 ).
Materials: 3x1 cm3 of ethanol C2H6OH (l.s.), 3x1 cm3 of acetone C3H6O (l.s.), 3x1
cm3 of hexane C6H14 (l.s)

Method
For the begining of the experiment, we have to prepare water bath. The initial
temperature will be around 70C, and in the meantime it will increase.
Thermometer will be put in the water bath to control the rise of the
temperetaure. Test tubes will be prepared and aproximate amount of 1 cm 3 of
each alcohol will be put to the test tube, held by a test tube holder. This,
altogether, will be put into the water bath, where they will stay until they
vaporize. The time and the tempeature will be denoted at the end of
vaporization. Same method will be used for next two trials. All the resullts will be
obtained in table. All equipment will be then cleaned and moved to the right
place.

Data collection and processing

All samples were colourless and had sharp smell.
Samples
ethanol
C2H6OH
acetone C3H6O
hexane C6H14

Temperature/ C (
0.5 )
109.
84.2
97.7
8
82.2
90.0
96.5
73.8
81.4
89.7

A. v.

Time / min ( 0.01 )

97.2

35.40

15.60

7.89

89.5
81.6

12.40
9.25

7.31
7.23

5.40
5.54

A. v.
19.6
3
8.39
7.34

Conclusion and evaluation

From the graph we can conclude that my hypothesis is valid. We see that with the
increase of temperature, the time required for samples to vaporize decreases due
to the greater collisions between particles. Also, due to the average temperatures
required for samples to vaporize, we can conclude that ethanol has the strongest
bonds within its molecules, and hexane has got the weakest bond.
As a prevent from possible mistakes, I would suggest to use heated water in a
beaker instead of water bath, because the temperature in water in the beaker
could be easily manipulated with thermometer and Bunsen burner and fixed to a
certain point, whereas in water bath, we cannot manipulate the temperature
which is contantly changing its value, from higher to lower. Also I would suggest

to use samples with lower boiling points, because it will be easier to vaporize
them, and yet to obtaine sama data.