-ÊÃ>`ÃÊ
>ÃÌÊ>`iÊÃÃV>ÌʳÊ
*>Ì}Ê >ÌiÀ>Ê iÌÜÀ
/À>}Ê/ÃÊvÀ Ê
*>VwÊVÊÃ>`Ê
ÕÌiÃ
" 1 /9Ê
-
Ê-6
" 1 /9Ê
-
Ê-6
>Ê-Ìi
/À>}Ê/ÃÊvÀÊ
*>VwVÊÃ>`Ê
ÕÌiÃ
ÕÌÞÊ-ii`Ê->Û}
%MMA 3TONE
ÕÌÞÊ-ii`Ê->Û}
Ú +ASTOM 'ADEN !SSOCIATION
0UBLISHED BY +ASTOM 'ADEN !SSOCIATION
IN ASSOCIATION WITH THE 3OLOMON )SLANDS
0LANTING -ATERIAL .ETWORK
$EVELOPMENT AID AGENCIES WORKING TO
IMPROVE FOOD SECURITY MAY COPY PART OF
THE CONTENT OF THE #OMMUNITY 3EED 3AVING
MANUAL WITH THE PERMISSION OF THE +ASTOM
'ADEN !SSOCIATION
!PPLICATIONS FOR SUCH PERMISSION WITH A
STATEMENT OF THE PURPOSE AND EXTENT OF
REPRODUCTION SHOULD BE ADDRESSED TO THE
+ASTOM 'ADEN !SSOCIATION 0/ "OX
(ONIARA 3OLOMON )SLANDS
!LTHOUGH THE AUTHORS AND PUBLISHER OF
#OMMUNITY 3EED 3AVING HAVE TAKEN CARE
TO INCLUDE INFORMATION WHICH HAS BEEN
TESTED IN THE l ELD NO RESPONSIBILITY CAN BE
ACCEPTED FOR THE CONSEQUENCES OF APPLYING
ANY OF THE INFORMATION IN THE MANUAL
4HE 0-.+'! ACKNOWLEDGES
s THE SUPPORT OF THE !USTRALIAN !GENCY
FOR )NTERNATIONAL $EVELOPMENT
!US!)$ IN FUNDING THE PRODUCTION
STAGE OF THE #OMMUNITY 3EED 3AVING
MANUAL
s THE SUPPORT ON THE %UROPEAN 5NION
-ICRO 0ROJECTS 0ROGRAM IN FUNDING THE
PRINTING OF THE #OMMUNITY 3EED 3AVING
MANUAL
#/--5.)49 3%%$ 3!6).'! 3/54( 0!#)&)# 42!).%23 -!.5!,
VÜi`}iiÌÃ
ÕÌ
À
%MMA 3TONE 3EED 3AVERS .ETWORK !USTRALIA TRAINER WITH THE 3OLOMON
)SLANDS 0LANTING -ATERIAL .ETWORK
3OLOMON )SLANDS 0LANTING -ATERIAL .ETWORK TRAINER
!USTRALIAN 9OUTH !MBASSADOR SCHEME
`ÌÀÃ\
4ONY *ANSEN +ASTOM 'ARDEN 0ROGRAMME +'0 +ASTOM 'ADEN
!SSOCIATION MANAGER 3OLOMON )SLANDS
2USS 'RAYSON 0ACIl C %DGE -EDIA
EX
+'0 PROJECT MANAGER 3YDNEY !USTRALIA
À>«
VÃ
)LLUSTRATOR 3TEPHEN !MASI 3OLOMON )SLANDS
0HOTOGRAPHY 2USS 'RAYSON 4ONY *ANSEN
iÃ}ÊEÊ«À`ÕVÌ
0ACIl C %DGE -EDIA 0/ "OX +OGARAH .37 !USTRALIA
#/--5.)49 3%%$ 3!6).'! 3/54( 0!#)&)# 42!).%23 -!.5!,
ÌÀLÕÌÀÃ
4HE INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL IN #OMMUNITY 3EED
3AVING WAS WRITTEN BY %MMA 3TONE
4HE MANUAL CONTAINS INPUT FROM A NUMBER OF
OTHER PEOPLE INCLUDING
4ONY *ANSEN +ASTOM 'ADEN !SSOCIATION
2OSELYN +ABU +ASTOM 'ADEN !SSOCIATION
-ARY 4IMOTHY +ASTOM 'ADEN !SSOCIATION
&IONA #AMPBELL 0ACIl C %DGE -EDIA
2USS 'RAYSON 0ACIl C %DGE -EDIA
}À>«
V>ÊÌip
>Ê-Ìi
%MMA 3TONE THE AUTHOR OF THE #OMMUNITY
3EED 3AVING MANUAL IS A RESIDENT OF NORTHERN
.37 WHERE SHE WORKS IN SEED SAVING
LAND REHABILITATION AND GARDEN DESIGN AND
CONSTRUCTION
!FTER TRAINING WITH !USTRALIAS 3EED 3AVERS
.ETWORK %MMA SPENT TWO PERIODSIN
AND TRAINING SEED CURATORS FROM THE
3OLOMON )SLANDS 0LANTING -ATERIAL .ETWORK AND
WORKING WITH RURAL COMMUNITIES IN SEED SAVING
AND FOOD PRODUCTION IN THE 3OLOMON )SLANDS
#/--5.)49 3%%$ 3!6).'! 3/54( 0!#)&)# 42!).%23 -!.5!,
ÌiÌÃ
*Àiv>Vi °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°Ç
ÌÀ`ÕVÌ °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°
ÊÌÊvÀÊVÕÌÞÊÃii`ÊViÌÀið°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°£x
>}Ê>Ê}>À`i °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°° ÓÎ
s -AKE YOUR GARDEN
s )MPROVING SOIL FERTILITY
s )NTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT
s 0OLLINATION
/
iÊÃii`ÊÃ>Û}Ê«ÀViÃÃ °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°ÎÎ
s 3EED HARVESTING GUIDELINES
s #LEANING SEED
s $RYING SEED
s 4HE SEED TRANSFER PROCESS
s 4ESTING SEED FOR VIABILITY
s 0ACKAGING SEED
s 3EED STORAGE IN THE TROPICS
ÕÌÞÊ«>ÌÊÀi}ÃÌiÀ°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°È£
Ì>VÌÃÊ>`ÊÀiviÀiViÃ
#/--5.)49 3%%$ 3!6).'! 3/54( 0!#)&)# 42!).%23 -!.5!,
*Àiv>Vi
1UALITY SEED IS CRITICAL TO MAINTAINING VILLAGE
FOOD SECURITY
4HIS MANUAL IS DESIGNED AS A TOOL FOR SMALL
SCALE COMMUNITY
BASED LOCAL AND REGIONAL
SEED PRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION CENTRES
)T MAY ALSO BE USEFUL FOR VILLAGE FARMERS TO
ASSIST IN PRODUCING HIGH QUALITY SEED FOR
THEIR GARDENS
4HIS MANUAL IS BASED ON THE PROCEDURES
USED FOR PRODUCING SEED AT THE 0LANTING
-ATERIAL .ETWORK 0-. SEED CENTRE AT
"URNS #REEK (ONIARA 3OLOMON )SLANDS
4HE 0LANTING -ATERIAL .ETWORK SYSTEM
ENSURES PRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION OF HIGH
QUALITY SEED AND OFFERS GOOD ORGANIZATION
OF SEEDS DURING THE DIFFERENT STAGES OF
PROCESSING
4HIS MANUAL WILL ASSIST YOU IN
UNDERSTANDING ALL THESE FACTORS AND HELP
YOU WITH THE SKILLS YOU NEED TO PRODUCE
GOOD QUALITY SEED AND GOOD QUALITY FOOD
x%MMA 3TONE
%MMA 3TONE TRANSPLANTS
SEEDLINGS AT THE (ONIARA
SEED CENTRE
#/--5.)49 3%%$ 3!6).'! 3/54( 0!#)&)# 42!).%23 -!.5!,
ÌÀ`ÕVÌ
/N THE OUTSKIRTS OF (ONIARA CAPITAL CITY THE PEOPLE WHO HAVE WORKED WITH THE
OF THE 3OLOMON )SLANDS THERE IS A LARGE ORGANISATION AND THOSE IN THE 3OLOMON
GARDEN IN WHICH A SMALL NUMBER OF PEOPLE )SLANDS AND !USTRALIA WHO HAVE VOLUNTARILY
GO ABOUT THEIR WORK OF HARVESTING AND SUPPORTED IT WHO HAVE MADE THE 0-. INTO
PROCESSING SEEDS 4HE GARDEN BELONGS WHAT IS PROBABLY THE MOST SUCCESSFUL SEED
TO THE 3OLOMON )SLANDS 0LANTING -ATERIAL PRODUCTION AND EXCHANGE ORGANISATION IN
.ETWORK 0-. AND THE GARDENERS ARE THE REGION
SEED CURATORS EMPLOYED BY THE .ETWORK TO
4HE AUTHOR OF THIS MANUAL %MMA 3TONE IS
MAINTAIN A m OW OF SEEDS TO 3OLOMON )SLAND
AN ENERGETIC AND CAPABLE YOUNG WOMAN
FARMERS
)N %MMA SPENT SOME MONTHS WITH THE
! PROLIl C GARDEN WITH VEGETABLES HERBS 0-. TRAINING STAFF AND IMPROVING THE SEED
AND TREE CROPS IT IS THE SUCCESSFUL OUTCOME PRODUCTION PROCESSING AND DISTRIBUTION
OF COLLABORATION BETWEEN NON
GOVERNMENT SYSTEM
ORGANISATIONS .'/S OPERATING AT THE
)N SHE RETURNED TO THE 3OLOMON
COMMUNITY LEVELx .'/S IN BOTH THE
)SLANDS AS A PLACEMENT WITH THE !USTRALIAN
3OLOMON )SLANDS AND !USTRALIA )TS SUCCESS
GOVERNMENTS 9OUTH !MBASSADOR SCHEME
PROVES THAT SMALL SCALE DEVELOPMENT
WHICH WAS SET UP TO GIVE YOUNG !USTRALIANS
ASSISTANCE PROJECTS AND COOPERATION
EXPERIENCE IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES /N THIS
BETWEEN ORGANISATIONS AND INDIVIDUALS IN
VISIT SHE FURTHER DEVELOPED WORK STARTED THE
DEVELOPED AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES CAN
PREVIOUS YEAR
WORK IN THE 3OUTH 0ACIl C
4HIS MANUAL IS THE OUTCOME OF %MMAS
0EOPLE AS AID PROFESSIONALS KNOW ARE
WORK WITH THE 0-. AND THE RURAL FARMERS
THE CRUCIAL COMPONENT NECESSARY TO THE
WHO PARTICIPATE IN IT
SUCCESS OF ANY DEVELOPMENT PROJECT )N
THIS THE 0-. IS NO DIFFERENTIT HAS BEEN
4HE SEED PRODUCTION
GARDEN OF THE 3OLOMON
)SLANDS 0LANTING -ATERIAL
.ETWORK IN (ONIARA WITH
THE OFl CE OF THE +ASTOM
'ADEN !SSOCIATION IN THE
BACKGROUND
#/--5.)49 3%%$ 3!6).'! 3/54( 0!#)&)# 42!).%23 -!.5!,
->Û}ÊÃii`ÊÌ
ÀÕ}
ÊÕÃi !0!#% SUPPORT UNDERWROTE THE WORK OF
THE 0-. CENTRE AT "URNS #REEK (ONIARA
4HE 0-. CONSERVES SEEDS BY USING THEM
WHICH HAS SERVED AS THE CENTRAL LINK OF THE
3EEDS CONTRIBUTED BY FARMERS OR HELD BY THE ORGANISATION IN ITS WORK IN THE PROVINCES
0-. ARE MULTIPLIED IN THE GARDEN AND THEN )N THE COUP AND SUBSEQUENT CONm ICT
DISTRIBUTED TO FARMERS WHO ARE MEMBERS IN THE 3OLOMON )SLANDS STIMULATED THE
OF THE ORGANISATION 4HOSE FARMERS DONATE SETTING UP OF A MORE SECURE SECOND
SOME SEED FROM THE CROPS THEY GROW BACK SEED SAVING CENTRE ON THE ISLAND OF .EW
TO THE 0-. WHERE THEY ARE PLANTED OUT AND 'EORGIA 7ESTERN 0ROVINCE "Y THAT TIME
THEIR QUANTITY AGAIN MULTIPLIED THE 0-. HAD STARTED TO REALISE ITS AMBITION
OF ESTABLISHING SMALL VILLAGE
BASED SEED
5NLIKE SEED BANKS WHICH HOLD SEEDS IN
CENTRES THROUGHOUT THE ISLANDS
STORAGE FOR A LONG TIME THE 0-. RELIES ON
THE CONTINUAL DISTRIBUTION AND GROWING
OUT )N THE +'0 BECAME AN .'/ IN ITS
OF SEEDS BY MEMBER FARMERS AND IN ITS OWN OWN RIGHT AFTER !0!#% MADE THE DECISION
GARDEN TO MAINTAIN SUPPLIES TO END ITS INVOLVEMENT IN AGRICULTURAL
DEVELOPMENT !T THE SAME TIME THE +'0
TRANSFORMED ITSELF INTO THE +ASTOM 'ADEN
ÌÕ}Êi>ÀiÀÊÜÀ !SSOCIATION +'! AN .'/ BASED IN THE
4HE 0-. STARTED ITS WORK IN AS PART OF
3OLOMON )SLANDS
THE +ASTOM 'ARDEN 0ROGRAM +'0
&OR ITS l RST SIX YEARS THE +'0 WAS
SUPPORTED BY THE !USTRALIAN .'/ !0!#%
Ê«ÀÌ>ÌÊÀi
&OR FARMERS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES A
!PPROPRIATE 4ECHNOLOGY FOR #OMMUNITY
RELIABLE SUPPLY OF SEEDS IS NECESSARY IF THEY
AND %NVIRONMENT 4O SUPPORT THE +'0
ARE TO ACHIEVE A REASONABLE LEVEL OF FOOD
!0!#%WHICH HAD BEEN INVOLVED IN
SECURITY 7E CAN THINK OF FOOD SECURITY
VILLAGE MICRO
HYDROELECTRIC DEVELOPMENT
AS THE AVAILABILITY OF A SUPPLY OF FOOD
IN THE 3OLOMONS SINCE THE LATE S
YEAR
ROUNDx A SUPPLY THAT IS DIVERSE AND
ACCESSED FUNDING FROM !US!)$ THE
PLENTIFUL ENOUGH TO SUPPORT A HIGH STANDARD
!USTRALIAN !GENCY FOR )NTERNATIONAL
OF NUTRITIONAL HEALTH .UTRITIONAL HEALTH IS
$EVELOPMENT A FEDERAL GOVERNMENT BODY
IMPORTANT BECAUSE WITHOUT IT COMMUNITIES
THAT ADMINISTERS THE AID BUDGET AND IS PART
LACK ONE OF THE BASIC HUMAN NEEDS CRITICAL
OF THE $EPARTMENT OF &OREIGN !FFAIRS
4HE 0LANTING -ATERIAL
.ETWORK GARDEN
MULTIPLIES SEEDS THAT
ARE PROCESSED AND
DISTRIBUTED TO MEMBERS
#/--5.)49 3%%$ 3!6).'! 3/54( 0!#)&)# 42!).%23 -!.5!,
TO ANY FURTHER DEVELOPMENT THEY MIGHT ! FURTHER BENEl T OF USING LOCAL VARIETIES OF
CHOOSE TO TAKE NON
HYBRID SEED IS THAT THE VARIETIES CAN
BE CONSERVED !LREADY ADAPTED TO LOCAL
4HE AVAILABILITY OF NON
HYBRID SEED SEED
CONDITIONS OF CLIMATE AND SOILS THEY REMAIN
THAT CAN BE SAVED AND PLANTED TO PRODUCE
AVAILABLE TO FARMERS IN THE FUTURE WHO CAN
FUTURE CROPS IS ALSO IMPORTANT IN THE
CONTINUE TO USE THEM AS FOOD AND FOR PLANT
APPROACH TO AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT USED
BREEDING
BY THE +'! 4HIS APPROACH IS KNOWN AS
,OW %XTERNAL )NPUT 3USTAINABLE !GRICULTURE /NE OF THE PURPOSES OF ESTABLISHING
,%)3! )T IS USED BY DEVELOPMENT SEED SAVING AND EXCHANGE NETWORKS IS
AGENCIES AND FARMING COMMUNITIES IN MANY TO IMPROVE BOTH LOCAL AND REGIONAL SELF
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES BECAUSE IT MAKES RELIANCE IN THE SUPPLY OF SEEDS 4HIS IS
USE OF TECHNIQUES AND PROCESSES THAT ARE VERY IMPORTANT IN COUNTRIES WHERE NATURAL
ACCESSIBLE TO FARMERS WHO LACK ACCESS TO DISASTER WAR OR INTERNAL CONm ICT COULD
CAPITAL AND CREDIT DISRUPT THE AVAILABILITY OF FOOD AND WHERE
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION MAY HAVE TO BE
5NLIKE WEALTHIER FARMERS IN DEVELOPING
QUICKLY BOOSTED TO COPE WITH REFUGEE
AND IN DEVELOPED COUNTRIES l NANCIALLY
MOVEMENT OR ECONOMIC CRISIS
POOR FARMERS CANNOT AFFORD THE SO
CALLED
@IMPROVED SEEDS SUPPLIED BY THE BIG SEED
CORPORATIONS AND THE FARMING INPUTSSUCH
AS FERTILISER PESTICIDE AND HERBICIDEWHICH
ARE NECESSARY TO SUCCESSFULLY GROW THESE
SEEDS #OMPLICATING THEIR PREDICAMENT IS THE
FACT THAT POOR FARMERS FREQUENTLY CULTIVATE
MARGINAL LOW QUALITY LAND UNSUITED TO THE
TYPE OF FARM MECHANISATION AND IRRIGATION
THAT LARGE SCALE COMMERCIAL FARMERS MAKE
USE OF )N MANY CASES THE WORLDS MARGINAL
FARMERS PRODUCE l RST FOR SUBSISTENCE
CONSUMPTION BY THE FAMILYAND ONLY
THEN DO THEY GROW A SURPLUS TO SELL AT
LOCAL MARKETS 4HE AVAILABILITY OF A LOCAL OR
REGIONAL SUPPLY OF SEEDS IS OBVIOUSLY CRUCIAL 3OLOMON )SLANDS 0LANTING -ATERIAL .ETWORK STAFF USE
TO SUCH FARMERS THE BLACKBOARD TO ORGANISE THEIR WEEKS ACTIVITIES
6ISITORS INSPECT THE
3OLOMON )SLANDS 0LANTING
-ATERIAL .ETWORK GARDEN
#/--5.)49 3%%$ 3!6).'! 3/54( 0!#)&)# 42!).%23 -!.5!,
/
iÊ-ii`Ê->ÛiÀÃ½Ê iÌÜÀ /
iÊ>Õ>
4O TRAIN THE LOCAL WOMEN WHO ARE 4HROUGH GENERATIONS PEOPLE IN BOTH
EMPLOYED AS SEED CURATORS IN THE 0-. DEVELOPING AND DEVELOPED COUNTRIES HAVE
GARDEN %MMA DREW UPON HER OWN TRAINING SAVED THE SEEDS OF THEIR FOOD PLANTS AND
IN COMMUNITY SEED SAVING AS AN INTERN WITH OF OTHER USEFUL SPECIES FOR PLANTING IN
THE 3EED 3AVERS .ETWORK SUCCESSIVE CROPS 4HE SEEDS WITH OTHER
"ASED IN "YRON "AY ON THE .37 NORTH PLANTS REPRODUCED BY CUTTINGS AND TUBERS
COAST THE .ETWORK IS !USTRALIAS MOST CONSTITUTE PART OF A CULTURAL HERITAGE PASSED
SUCCESSFUL COMMUNITY
BASED SEED SAVING ON THROUGH FAMILIES
AND EXCHANGE ORGANISATION 4HROUGH MODERNISATION WITH ITS IMPORTED
4HROUGH INTERNSHIPS AND COURSES THE FOODS AND SEEDS THIS CULTURAL HERITAGE IS
.ETWORK HAS TRAINED !USTRALIANS WHO HAVE BEING LOST 4HIS IS UNFORTUNATE BECAUSE A
LATER WORKED IN COMMUNITY SEED SAVING IN RELIABLE SUPPLY OF SEEDS ADAPTED TO SOILS
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES 4HE .ETWORK ALSO AND CLIMATE SEEDS WHICH CAN BE COLLECTED
ACCEPTS AS TRAINEES PEOPLE FROM DEVELOPING SAVED AND REPLANTED PROVIDES SECURITY IN
COUNTRIES WHO WANT TO ACQUIRE SEED SAVING THE FACE OF CHANGE
SKILLS AND USE THEM WHEN THEY RETURN HOME 4HE #OMMUNITY 3EED 3AVING MANUAL
2OSELYN +ABU -ARY 4IMOTHY AND )NIA IS DESIGNED TO SERVE AS A REFERENCE FOR
"ARRY ALL FROM THE 0-. COMPLETED TRAINING AGRICULTURAL TRAINERS )T IS A CONTRIBUTION
WITH THE 3EED 3AVERS .ETWORK BY %MMA 3TONE AND THE PEOPLE AND
4HE .ETWORK HAS ASSISTED THE 0-. SINCE ITS ORGANISATIONS SHE IS ASSOCIATED WITH TO A
INCEPTION *UDE AND -ICHEL &ANTON DIRECTORS BETTER FUTURE FOR COMMUNITIES IN THE 3OUTH
OF THE .ETWORK SERVED AS CONSULTANTS ON 0ACIl C
THE l RST SERIES OF 0-. WORKSHOPS IN x2USS 'RAYSON 3YDNEY *UNE
AND HAVE MAINTAINED A CLOSE ASSOCIATION
WITH THE 0-. BOTH ON A CONSULTANCY AND
VOLUNTARY BASIS SINCE THAT TIME
0ARTICIPANTS IN THE l RST 3OLOMON )SLANDS 0-. WORKSHOP WITH !USTRALIAN 3EED 3AVERS .ETWORK
TRAINERS *UDE AND -ICHEL &ANTON 4HE +'!S 2OSELYN +ABU IS IN THE CENTRE
#/--5.)49 3%%$ 3!6).'! 3/54( 0!#)&)# 42!).%23 -!.5!,
4HIS SECTION COVERS THE ROLE OF COMMUNITY SEED CENTRES AND THE BUCKET
SYSTEM OF PROCESSING SEEDS
ÊÌÊvÀÊVÕÌÞÊÃii`ÊViÌÀiÃ
0RODUCING PLANTING MATERIALS FOR GARDENING 6ILLAGE AGRICULTURAL CENTRES OR GROUPS THAT
IS A FUNDAMENTAL ACTIVITY OF 0ACIl C )SLAND SPECIALIZE IN SEED PRODUCTION CAN
FOOD GARDENERS s BE A SOURCE OF HEALTHY AND VIGOROUS
3MALL SCALE DECENTRALISED SEED PRODUCTION SEED TO REPLACE DEGENERATED OR LOST
AND DISTRIBUTION CENTRES CAN PLAY AN SEED
IMPORTANT ROLE IN IMPROVING THIS ACTIVITY )T s ADAPT DIFFERENT VARIETIES TO LOCAL
WILL ALSO CONSERVE LOCAL VARIETIES OF CROPS CONDITIONS
s SUPPLY FARMERS WITH QUALITY SEED OF
4RADITIONALLY PLANTING MATERIAL FOR 0ACIl C NEW VARIETIES
)SLAND FOOD GARDENS WAS OBTAINED BY
s EDUCATE FARMERS ABOUT ON
FARM
REPLANTING A PART OF THE PLANT AFTER HARVEST
CONSERVATION OF THEIR LOCAL CROP
4HIS IS KNOWN AS @VEGETATIVE REPRODUCTION
VARIETIES
.OW THERE IS AN INCREASING RANGE OF FRUITS s ASSIST TO SPREAD SEED THROUGH LOCAL
AND VEGETABLES BEING USED IN THE 0ACIl C NETWORKS BASED ON FAMILY AND CLAN
)SLANDS THAT ARE GROWN FROM SEED AND WHICH RELATIONS AND OTHER COMMUNITY TIES
ARE AN IMPORTANT PART OF THE DIET
$RAWING ON THE EXPERIENCE OF THE 3OLOMON -ii`Ê«À`ÕVÌÊÃÊi>ÃÞ
)SLANDS 0LANTING -ATERIAL .ETWORK THE 3EED PRODUCTION IS A RELATIVELY EASY PROCESS
METHODS DESCRIBED IN THE FOLLOWING PAGES "Y ALLOWING THE PLANT TO GO THROUGH ITS
WILL HELP RURAL
BASED TRAINING INSTITUTIONS FULL LIFE CYCLE AND COLLECTING THE SEED YOU
SUCH AS VOCATIONAL TRAINING CENTRES WILL HAVE THE PLANTING MATERIAL FOR THE NEXT
COMMUNITY GROUPS SCHOOLS AND FARMER SEASON
GROUPS GROW HARVEST PROCESS AND SAVE
3AVING SEED FROM THE HEALTHIEST OF YOUR
THE SEEDS OF THEIR FOOD CROPS AND DISTRIBUTE
PLANTS AND REPLANTING THE BEST OF THESE
THEM AMONG FARMING FAMILIES PARTICIPATING
SEEDS ALLOWS THE PLANT TO ADAPT TO THE LOCAL
IN THE SEED CENTRES
CONDITIONS
6ISITORS TO THE 0-. 3EED #ENTRE AT
"URNS #REEK (ONIARA LEARN ABOUT
DRYING SEEDS IN THE SUN
4HE CENTRE DEMONSTRATES THE
GARDENING AND SEED SAVING
TECHNIQUES TAUGHT BY ITS TRAINERS
#/--5.)49 3%%$ 3!6).'! 3/54( 0!#)&)# 42!).%23 -!.5!,
"Y COLLECTING THE SEED OF THE BEST PLANTS /
iÊLÕViÌÊÃÞÃÌi
YOU SLOWLY IMPROVE THE SUITABILITY AND
QUALITY OF THIS PLANT VARIETY EACH TIME IT IS )N THE SYSTEM DESCRIBED IN THIS MANUAL THE
SELECTED AND REGROWN SEED MOVES THROUGH A SERIES OF BUCKETS
FROM HARVEST TO DISTRIBUTION %ACH BUCKET
CONTAINS SEED AT DIFFERENT STAGES
/
}ÃÊÌÊÌ
Ê>LÕÌ
4HERE ARE SOME THINGS WE SHOULD CONSIDER 4HIS MANUAL DEl NES THE PROCESS
TO KEEP OUR VARIETIES OF PLANT PURE AND s FOR THE HANDLING OF SEED FOR EACH
HEALTHY AND ABLE TO REPRODUCE THE SAME BUCKET
QUALITY OF SEED s THE TRANSFER PROCESS FOR MOVING SEEDS
FROM ONE STAGE TO THE NEXT
4HESE FACTORS INCLUDE
s COLLECTION AND CLEANING TECHNIQUES THAT )F YOU PUT YOUR EQUIPMENT IN BOXES
VARY FROM PLANT TO PLANT CONTAINING ALL THE MATERIALS NEEDED FOR EACH
s ADEQUATE DRYING AND STORAGE OF THE PROCESS YOUR WORK WILL BE ORGANISED
SEED TO KEEP IT VIABLE UNTIL PLANTING
s AWARENESS OF CROSS POLLINATION TO KEEP /
ÃÊ>Õ>ÊÜÊ
i«ÊÞÕ
A VARIETY PURE 4HIS MANUAL WILL ASSIST YOU IN
UNDERSTANDING ALL THESE FACTORS AND HELP
YOU WITH THE SKILLS YOU NEED TO PRODUCE
GOOD QUALITY SEED AND GOOD QUALITY FOOD
3EED ROOM
"UILDING A SEED ROOM IS A GOOD IDEA FOR COMMUNITY SEED SAVING ! SEED ROOM CAN HAVE A TABLE WHERE SEEDS
CAN BE REMOVED FROM THE FRUIT A SEED DRYING PLACE AND SEED STORAGE
#/--5.)49 3%%$ 3!6).'! 3/54( 0!#)&)# 42!).%23 -!.5!,
4HE SEED SAVING CYCLE
SEED DRIED AND STORED SEED PLANTED
FOR REPLANTING
SEEDS OF BEST
PLANTS HARVESTED
3EED PRODUCTION m OW CHART
PLANT SEEDS
DISTRIBUTE SEEDS
LOOK AFTER PLANTS
TEST SEEDS
FOR GERMINATION HARVEST SEEDS
PACKAGE SEEDS CLEAN SEEDS
DRY SEEDS
#/--5.)49 3%%$ 3!6).'! 3/54( 0!#)&)# 42!).%23 -!.5!,
4OOLS AND MATERIALSx
xFOR ESTABLISHING SEED PRODUCTION CENTRES
'ARDEN REQUIREMENTS
s SMALL GARDEN AREA WITH GOOD SOIL
s METHOD OF IRRIGATION ESPECIALLY FOR NURSERY AND GARDEN
IF AREA HAS A STRONG DRY SEASON
s SUITABLE MATERIALS FOR GARDEN STAKES EG BAMBOO
s BASIC GARDEN TOOLS DIGGING STICK BUSH KNIFE HOE BUCKETS OR HOSE FOR WATERING
.URSERY EQUIPMENT
s SOURCE OF OLD ROTTING COCONUT HUSK
s GRATER FOR COCONUT HUSK
s NURSERY BOXES ON RAISED TABLE
s HOSE PIPE
s BUCKETS AND TINS WITH SMALL HOLES IN THE BOTTOM FOR WATERING
s WEATHERPROOF LABELS
3TATIONERY NEEDS
s SMALL EXPANDIBLE l LE SYSTEM OR CABINET
s PAPERNOTEBOOKS
s PENS
s STAPLER
3EED BANK EQUIPMENT FOR PRODUCTION CENTRES
s SEED DRYING AREA IN FULL SUN ON A TABLE OR DRY AREA OF STONESAND
s SHELVING AREA M X M
s DESK SPACE
s SIX LARGE BUCKETS , WITH AIRTIGHT LIDS FOR SEED STORAGE DURING PROCESSING
s BOXES FOR STORAGE OF ALL EQUIPMENT
s 06# OR IMPERMEABLE PLASTIC BAGS
s AIRTIGHT SEALERS FOR BAGS
s SILICA GEL FOR MOISTURE ABSORPTION
s SEED CLEANING SIEVES
s COCONUT SHELLS OR BOWLS
s ABSORBENT MATERIAL CALICO OR PAPER FOR VILLAGE FARMERS
s SMALL THATCHED HOUSE THAT IS CLEAN AND DRY FOR SEED PROCESSING
!SHES OR RICE CAN BE USED INSTEAD OF SILICA GEL TO ABSORB MOISTURE !SHES OIL LIME
.EEM LEAVES OR CASTOR LEAVES CAN BE USED TO PREVENT INSECT INFESTATION OF STORED SEED
4INS OR JARS WITH A TIGHT LID CAN BE USED INSTEAD OF 06# PLASTIC BAGS TO CONTAIN SEED
3OME MATERIALS EXPENSIVE
3OME MATERIALS MENTIONED ARE IMPORTED AND MAY BE EXPENSIVE FOR THE VILLAGE FARMER
EG SILICA GEL 06# BAGS
4HESE MATERIALS ARE RECOMMENDED FOR CENTRES SPECIALISING IN SEED PRODUCTION BUT
THERE ARE OTHER OPTIONS THAT REQUIRE ONLY THE SIMPLEST OF MATERIALS THAT ARE AVAILABLE TO
ANY VILLAGE FARMER
#/--5.)49 3%%$ 3!6).'! 3/54( 0!#)&)# 42!).%23 -!.5!,
4HE SEED SAVING PROCESS
4HE SEED SAVING PROCESS GOES THROUGH A NUMBER OF STAGES
4HIS MANUAL FOLLOWS THOSE STAGES
£°Ê >}ÊÞÕÀÊÃii`Ê}>À`i
-AKE A GARDEN IN WHICH TO GROW PLANTS FOR SEED PAGE
Ó°Ê }Ê>vÌiÀÊ«>ÌÃ
-ULCHING WEEDING LABELLING ETC PAGE
ΰÊ-iiVÌÊÌ
iÊLiÃÌÊÃii`
#HOOSE SEED FROM THE HEALTHIEST MOST PRODUCTIVE PEST RESISTANT AND TASTIEST PLANTS PAGE
{°Ê
iVÌÊÃii`
(ARVEST THE BEST OF THE SEED IN YOUR GARDEN PAGE
Êx°Ê
i>ÊÃii`
#LEAN HUSK AND OTHER MATERIAL FROM YOUR SEED PAGE
È°Ê ÀÞÊÃii`
$RY YOUR SEED READY FOR STORAGE PAGE
Ç°Ê/iÃÌÊÃii`Ê}iÀ>Ì
7ORK OUT THE NUMBER OF SEEDS LIKELY TO GROW IN THE GARDEN PAGE
n°Ê*>V>}}ÊÃii` PAGE
°Ê-ÌÀiÊÃii`
3TORE SEED SAFELY SO IT WILL NOT ROT OR BE EATEN BY INSECTS PAGE
£ä°Ê ÃÌÀLÕÌiÊÃii`
3HARE SEED WITH OTHER GARDENERS SO ALL BENEl T FROM A RELIABLE SUPPLY OF FOOD
#/--5.)49 3%%$ 3!6).'! 3/54( 0!#)&)# 42!).%23 -!.5!,
4HE BUCKET SYSTEM
BUCKET @3EEDS FOR $RYING
BUCKET @&OR 'ERMINATION 4EST
BUCKET @)N 'ERMINATION 4ESTING
BUCKET @&OR 'ARDEN
BUCKET @&OR 0ACKAGING
BUCKET @3EEDS FOR $ISTRIBUTION
#/--5.)49 3%%$ 3!6).'! 3/54( 0!#)&)# 42!).%23 -!.5!,
4HIS SECTION CONTAINS IMPORTANT INFORMATION ABOUT GARDENING
s -AKE YOUR GARDEN
s )MPROVING SOIL FERTILITY
s )NTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT
s 0OLLINATION
>iÊÞÕÀÊ}>À`i
,IVING FENCE OF VETIVER GRASS
#HOOSE AN AREA WITH GOOD SUN CLOSE TO THE 6ETIVER GRASS IS A STIFF CLUMPING GRASS WHICH IS
SEED PROCESSING HOUSE PLANTED CLOSE TOGETHER TO MAKE A LIVING FENCE
4HE VETIVER GRASS SHOULD BE PLANTED
l RST AND LEFT TO GROW TALL BEFORE
>iÊ>ÊviVi PLANTING ANY SEEDLINGS 4HIS WILL
TAKE ABOUT SIX MONTHS
)T IS A GOOD IDEA TO HAVE A FENCE AROUND THE
GARDEN TO KEEP OUT ANIMALS
9OU CAN PLANT A LIVING FENCE WITH
PINEAPPLES OR OTHER DENSE OR SPIKY PLANTS
/NE OF THE BEST LIVING FENCE PLANTS IS VETIVER
GRASS )F PLANTED CLOSELY IT WILL FORM DENSE
CLUMPS AND STOP ANYTHING FROM ENTERING THE
GARDEN
3OME PEOPLE IN THE 3OLOMON )SLANDS HAVE
4ABLE GARDEN
USED OTHER MATERIALS SUCH AS l SHING NET AND 4HE TABLE GARDEN LIFTS VEGETABLES ABOVE THE REACH
OLD PIECES OF CORRUGATED IRON 4HIS WORKS OF CHICKENS DOGS AND PIGS
VERY WELL IF THESE MATERIALS ARE AVAILABLE
>iÊ>ÃÊÌ>LiÊ}>À`i
9OU CAN ALSO MAKE A TABLE GARDEN
4HIS IS MADE ON RAISED TIMBER BOARDS WITH
A LOW WALL AROUND THE OUTSIDE 4HE BOX
NEEDS TO BE AT LEAST CM DEEP
4HE BOX IS l LLED WITH ROTTEN COCONUT HUSKS
WITH A LAYER OF SOIL ON TOP 4HIS WORKS WELL
FOR #HINESE CABBAGE PEPPERS EVEN TOMATO
AND BEANS
*>V}ÊÞÕÀÊ«>ÌÃ
4O USE MAXIMUM SPACE IN THE SUP SUP
GARDEN
s BEANS AND SNAKE BEAN CAN BE GROWN
ON STICKS OR BAMBOO
s EGGPLANT CAN BE GROWN IN THE SHADE OF
OTHER PLANTS
s PAWPAWS CAN BE PLANTED AROUND THE
BOUNDARY OF YOUR GARDEN
#/--5.)49 3%%$ 3!6).'! 3/54( 0!#)&)# 42!).%23 -!.5!,
«ÀÛ}ÊÃÊviÀÌÌÞ
5SING ONE OR MORE OF THE FOLLOWING
METHODS IN YOUR GARDEN WILL HELP TO
IMPROVE THE FERTILITY OF YOUR SOIL AND YOUR
GARDENS HEALTH AND PRODUCTIVITY
4HE SUP SUPSEED GARDEN USES MANY
DIFFERENT ORGANIC METHODS TO MAINTAIN AND
IMPROVE THE SOIL FERTILITY
4HE METHODS ARE SIMPLE RELIABLE AND EASY
TO USE WITH LOCAL MATERIAL
ÕV
}
4HIS IS A WAY TO MAKE A ROW
MULCHED
GARDEN
s ORGANIC MATERIAL nMULCHn IS LAID ONTO
THE GARDEN IN ROWS ABOUT CM HIGH
SPACED ABOUT METRE APART
s SEEDS AND CUTTINGS ARE THEN PLANTED
INTO THE SOIL ALONG THE EDGE OF THE
MULCH ROWS AS THE MULCH ROTS THE
ORGANIC MATTER FEEDS THE PLANTS ! MULCHED GARDEN WITH ROWS OF 'LIRICIDIA TREES
PLANTED ACROSS IT SEE ALLEY CROPPING NEXT PAGE
s FOR THE NEXT PLANTING THE MULCH ROWS
ARE MADE WHERE THE PREVIOUS CROP WAS
PLANTED THE NEW ROWS OF SEEDS ARE
PLACED WHERE THE OLD MULCH 2OWS OF MULCH HAVE BEEN PLACED ALONG THE
GROUND 3EEDS ARE PLANTED NEXT TO
ROWS WERE LAID
THE MULCH ROWS 4HE NEXT CROP
IS PLANTED WHERE THE
PREVIOUS MULCH
HAVE BEEN
#/--5.)49 3%%$ 3!6).'! 3/54( 0!#)&)# 42!).%23 -!.5!,
ÕV
}ÊLÞÊ>iÞÊVÀ««} -ATERIALS FOR MULCHING
53% PLANTS LEAVES GRASS FOOD SCRAPS
!NOTHER METHOD OF MULCHING IS ALLEY
$/.4 53% TINS BOTTLES PLASTIC
CROPPING
s ROWS OF 'LYRICIDIA OR OTHER LEGUME
TREES ARE PLANTED INTO THE GARDEN TWO
METRES APART WITH ONE CUTTING EVERY
METRE THEY SHOULD BE PLANTED AT AN
ANGLE FOR A GOOD STRIKING RATE THE
LEGUME TREES ARE NITROGEN
l XERS AND
PROVIDE A NUTRIENT
RICH MULCH
s AS THE TREES GROW THE LEAVES ARE SLASHED
AND PLACED AS MULCH ON THE SOIL IN THE
ROWS IN BETWEEN THE 'LYRICIDIA TREES
s FOOD PLANTS ARE PLANTED INTO THESE
ROWS
4HESE METHODS HAVE BEEN DEVELOPED OVER A
NUMBER YEARS OF l ELD WORK IN THE 3OLOMON
)SLANDS
4HE BENEl TS OF MULCHING INCLUDE
s REDUCED SOIL EROSION
s REDUCED WATER EVAPORATION THEREFORE
THE NEED TO WATER THE GARDEN IS LESS
s ADDING ORGANIC MATTER TO THE SOIL
«ÃÌ
#OMPOST IS A MIX OF ANY ORGANIC MATERIALS
SUCH AS FOOD WASTE ANIMAL OR CHICKEN
MANURE PAPER SAWDUST LEAVES ROTTING
WEEDS AND PLANTS AND SOME SOIL
7HEN YOU MAKE COMPOST BY
MIXING THE ORGANIC MATERIALS IN
LAYERS
s BLEND SOME OR ALL OF THE
INGREDIENTS TOGETHER IN A
LARGE PILE OR IN A DEEP
HOLE
s THE MIXTURE WILL BREAK
DOWN TO FORM A RICH
ORGANIC FERTILIZER
s PLACE THE l NISHED COMPOST
AROUND YOUR PLANTS TO FEED
THEM
-ULCHING WITH 'LIRICIDIA
'LIRICIDIA TREES CAN BE GROWN
IN ROWS WITH CROPS PLANTED
BETWEEN THEM 4HE LEAVES
CAN BE CUT AND USED AS MULCH
#/--5.)49 3%%$ 3!6).'! 3/54( 0!#)&)# 42!).%23 -!.5!,
ÀiiÊ>ÕÀiÊVÀ«Ã
4HESE ARE LEGUME PLANTS WHICH FEED
NITROGEN TO YOUR CROPS AND INCLUDE
s MOST BEANSSOYA BEAN VELVET BEAN
MUNG BEAN PEANUT
s PIGEON PEA
)F YOU ALTERNATE A GREEN MANURE CROP WITH
YOUR FOOD CROP IT WILL HELP TO INCREASE THE
SOIL FERTILITY
µÕ`Ê>ÕÀi ,EGUMES ARE GOOD GREEN MANURE CROPS
4O MAKE A LIQUID MANURE
&ILL A LARGE BAG
KG SIZE WITH
ANIMALCHICKEN MANURE FOOD SCRAPS
SEAWEED ASHES FROM THE l RE
(ANG THE BAG IN A LARGE DRUM OF WATER
#OVER
,EAVE FOR ONE TO TWO WEEKS
4HE WATER ABSORBS THE NUTRIENTS FROM THE
ORGANIC CONTENTS 4HE WATER IS THEN APPLIED
TO YOUR PLANTS AS A RICH LIQUID FERTILIZER
vÀ>ÌÊ>LÕÌÊ>}Ê
ÞÕÀÊÃÊviÀÌi
#OMPREHENSIVE INFORMATION ON ORGANIC
GARDENING FOR THE TROPICS CAN BE FOUND IN
THE BOOK
3!0!4HE NATURAL WAY OF GROWING FOOD FOR
THE 3OLOMON )SLANDS
BY *OINI 4UTUA AND 4ONY *ANSEN
0UBLISHED BY !0!#% 5NIVERSITY OF
4ECHNOLOGY 3YDNEY !USTRALIA (ONIARA ORGANIC FARMER AND AUTHOR OF 3APA
*OINI 4UTUA
!VAILABLE FROM
*OINI 4UTUA OR +ASTOM 'ADEN
!SSOCIATION 0/ "OX (ONIARA
3OLOMON )SLANDS 0HONE
#/--5.)49 3%%$ 3!6).'! 3/54( 0!#)&)# 42!).%23 -!.5!,
Ìi}À>Ìi`Ê«iÃÌÊ>>}iiÌ
)NTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT USES A DIVERSE
«>Ê«>Ì}
RANGE OF NATURAL METHODS TO REDUCE THE RISK )F THERE IS ONLY ONE OR TWO VARIETIES OF
OF INSECTS ATTACKING CROPS PLANTS IN THE GARDEN THERE IS A HIGH CHANCE
OF INSECT ATTACK
i>Ì
ÞÊ- 0LANTING LOTS OF COLOURFUL AND STRONG
(EALTHY SOIL IS THE KEY TO HEALTHY PLANTS SMELLING PLANTS WILL CONFUSE AND DETER
)F THE SOIL IS POOR AND DEl CIENT IN NUTRIENTS INSECT PESTS
THEN THE PLANTS WILL STRUGGLE 4HE WIDER THE RANGE OF PLANTS WITHIN ONE
AREA THE LESS CHANCE OF INSECT PROBLEMS
!DDING MULCH HELPS
IMPROVE THE SOIL
>À`iÊ
Þ}ii
0LANTS STRONG SMELLING PLANTS
4HE GARDEN SHOULD BE KEPT CLEAN OF TO KEEP INSECTS AWAY
UNHEALTHY AND DISEASED PLANTS
2OUGINGTHE CLEARING OUT OF OLD DISEASED
AND PEST RIDDEN PLANTSREDUCES THE
NUMBER OF INSECT PESTS IN OUR GARDENS
2OTTING FRUIT IS A BREEDING
GROUND FOR PESTS &ALLEN FRUIT
SHOULD BE BURIED OR FED TO
LIVESTOCK
2EMOVING DEAD AND DAMAGED PLANTS HELPS
TO KEEP OUR GARDENS FREE OF DISEASE
#/--5.)49 3%%$ 3!6).'! 3/54( 0!#)&)# 42!).%23 -!.5!,
ÃiÊ>««À«À>ÌiÊ
6>ÀiÌiÃ
3TART WITH PLANTS THAT ARE SUITABLE AND WELL
ADAPTED TO THE CLIMATE OF YOUR GARDEN
3EEDS AND PLANTING MATERIALS THAT HAVE
COME FROM ANOTHER CLIMATE MAY STRUGGLE TO
ADJUST AND BE LESS RESISTANT TO THE TYPES OF
INSECTS IN YOUR AREA
*V}ÊÃiVÌÃ
4HE TIME
HONOURED WAY OF CONTROLLING
INSECTS IS TO PICK THEM OFF THE PLANT BY
HAND
,OOK FOR INSECT PESTS IN YOUR GARDEN
4HE INSECTS CAN THEN BE CRUSHED AND MIXED
0ICK THEM OFF YOUR PLANTS WHEN YOU SEE THEM
WITH WATER AND SPRAYED BACK ON THE PLANT
AS A NATURAL BUG SPRAY 0EST INSECTS WILL BE
DETERRED BY THE SMELL OF OTHER DEAD INSECTS
>}}}
&RUITS CAN BE PROTECTED FROM INSECTS THAT
>ÌÕÀ>Ê-«À>ÞÃ FEED ON THEM AND LAY EGGS INSIDE BY
9OU CAN MAKE INSECT SPRAYS FROM PLANTS MAKING A BAG OUT OF PAPER OR LARGE m EXIBLE
GROWN IN YOUR GARDEN LEAVES AND PLACING IT AROUND THE FRUIT
#RUSHED CHILLI TOBACCO AND MARIGOLD WHEN )F USING THIS TECHNIQUES YOU NEED TO MAKE
FERMENTED IN WATER FOR A FEW DAYS CAN BE SURE YOU MAKE THE BAG LARGE ENOUGH FOR THE
SPRAYED ONTO THE LEAVES OF THE PEST
RIDDEN FRUIT TO GROW TO FULL SIZE
PLANT AS A CONTROL
0LANTS USED TO MAKE
BOTANICAL SPRAYS FOR
PEST MANAGEMENT
4OBACCO 'INGER #HILLI -ARIGOLD
#/--5.)49 3%%$ 3!6).'! 3/54( 0!#)&)# 42!).%23 -!.5!,
*>Ì
0OLLINATION IS THE PROCESS A PLANT USES TO iVÕÃÊyÊÜiÀÃ
REPRODUCE
4HESE ARE PLANTS WITH BOTH THE MALE AND
$URING POLLINATION THE MALE PARTS OF A PLANT FEMALE POLLINATING PARTS IN DIFFERENT m OWERS
FERTILIZE THE FEMALE PARTS 4HESE POLLINATING ON THE SAME PLANT
PARTS ARE USUALLY FOUND IN THE m OWER 4HE
4HIS IS CLEARLY SEEN IN PLANTS OF THE CUCURBIT
PLACEMENT OF THESE POLLINATING PARTS WITHIN
FAMILY PUMPKINS MELONS CUCUMBERS
THE m OWER VARIES FROM PLANT TO PLANT
#ORN IS ALSO MONOECIOUS )T IS BEST PLANTED
IN A BLOCK TO ENSURE POLLINATION
ÀÃÃÊ*>Ì 4HESE PLANTS REQUIRE EITHER WIND OR INSECTS
#ROSS POLLINATION OCCURS WHEN TWO DIFFERENT TO CARRY THE POLLEN FROM ONE m OWER TO THE
BUT CLOSELY RELATED VARIETIES POLLINATE EACH OTHER
OTHER 4HE RESULT IS A SEED OF MIXED VARIETY
5SUALLY THE SEED OF A CROSS POLLINATED PLANT 4HEY CAN
WILL BE WEAK AND LACKING IN CONSISTENT s SET FRUIT AND REPRODUCE IF YOU GROW JUST
CHARACTERISTICS OR MAY NOT GERMINATE AT ALL ONE PLANT
s IF YOU GROW MORE THAN ONE VARIETY
#ONTROLLING AND PREVENTING CROSS POLLINATION
THERE IS A HIGH CHANCE THAT THEY MAY
REQUIRES AN UNDERSTANDING OF HOW PLANTS
CROSS POLLINATE SEE PAGE ABOUT
POLLINATE
WAYS TO PREVENT CROSS POLLINATION
«iÌiÊyÊÜiÀÃ
#OMPLETE m OWERS ARE PLANTS WITH THE MALE POLLEN FROM THE ANTHER
IS DEPOSITED ON THE
AND FEMALE PARTS WITHIN THE SAME m OWER STIGMAnIT THEN TRAVELS
DOWN THE STYLE TO BE
0LANTS WITH COMPLETE m OWERS CAN SOMETIMES FERTILISED IN THE OVARY
POLLINATE THEMSELVES BEFORE THE m OWER
OPENS STIGMA
s YOU CAN GROW JUST ONE PLANT WITH
COMPLETE m OWERS AND IT WILL STILL SET
GOOD VIABLE SEED STYLE
MALE PART OF
s YOU CAN ALSO GROW MORE THAN ONE THE m OWERn
VARIETY AND THEY WILL HAVE MINIMAL THE ANTHER
FEMALE PART
CHANCE OF CROSS POLLINATING OF THE m OWER
s SOME PLANTS LIKE CABBAGE CHILLI
OVARY
PEPPERS EGGPLANT MARIGOLD AND
SUNm OWER CAN CROSS POLLINATE SEE
PAGE ABOUT WAYS TO PREVENT CROSS #OMPLETE m OWER
POLLINATION Ú 3EED 3AVERS (ANDBOOK
ILLUSTRATION BY !LFREDO "ONANNO
0LANTS WITH COMPLETE m OWERS SUCH AS BEANS
LETTUCE AND TOMATOES ARE EASY PLANTS FOR
BEGINNERS TO SAVE SEED FROM
#/--5.)49 3%%$ 3!6).'! 3/54( 0!#)&)# 42!).%23 -!.5!,
iVÕÃÊyÊÜiÀÃ *ÀiÛiÌÊvÊVÀÃÃÊ
$IOECIOUS PLANTS ARE THOSE WHICH HAVE «>Ì
THE MALE AND FEMALE POLLINATING PARTS ON
)F YOU WISH TO COLLECT SEED FROM YOUR PLANTS
DIFFERENT PLANTS
IT IS NECESSARY TO PREVENT CROSS POLLINATION
4HESE PLANTS REQUIRE MORE THAN ONE PLANT TO MAINTAIN THOSE VARIETIES THAT CAN CROSS
TO FRUIT AND SEED AND HAVE A HIGH CHANCE OF POLLINATE
CROSS POLLINATING
4HERE ARE A FEW STRATEGIES FOR DOING THIS
&RUIT TREES ARE OFTEN DIOECIOUS FOR EXAMPLE s 'ROW ONE VARIETY AT A TIME
PAWPAW 4HIS IS THE EASIEST METHOD BUT INSECTS
AND WIND CAN CARRY POLLEN FOR A LONG
WAY SO YOU MUST ALSO CONSIDER WHAT
YOUR NEIGHBOURS ARE GROWING
s 'ROW THEM APART
)F YOU PLANT TWO SIMILAR VARIETIES IN
DIFFERENT PLACES IN THE GARDEN WITH A
2UB THE POLLEN OF
THE MALE m OWER ONTO LOT OF OTHER PLANTS IN BETWEEN THIS WILL
THE FEMALE m OWER REDUCE THE CHANCE OF THEM CROSSING
AND THEN CLOSE THE
FEMALE m OWER s "AG OR CAGE THE PLANTS THAT YOU
WANT TO PREVENT FROM CROSSING
MALE m OWER 9OU CAN USE A l NE NET SUCH AS A
MOSQUITO NET TO PREVENT INSECTS FROM
TRAVELLING FROM ONE VARIETY TO THE OTHER
FEMALE m OWER 2EMEMBER THOUGH THAT IF THE PLANT
IS DIOECIOUS YOU NEED BOTH MALE AND
FEMALE PLANTS
s (AND POLLINATION
2UBBING THE POLLEN OF THE MALE m OWER
ONTO THE FEMALE m OWER AND THEN
CLOSING THE FEMALE m OWER AGAIN UNTIL IT
WILTS WILL ENSURE THAT THE SEED IS TRUE TO
TYPE
s !SSISTING SELF
POLLINATORS
4OMATOES PEPPERS AND BEANS WHILE
SELF
POLLINATING BENEl T FROM HAVING
(AND POLLINATION
Ú 3EED 3AVERS (ANDBOOKILLUSTRATION BY !LFREDO "ONANNO
BEES AND INSECTS TO ASSIST WITH THE
POLLINATION RATE (IGH POLLINATION RATES
IN THESE PLANTS USUALLY IMPROVE THE
SIZE SHAPE AND NUMBER OF SEEDS IN THE
FRUIT
#/--5.)49 3%%$ 3!6).'! 3/54( 0!#)&)# 42!).%23 -!.5!,
4HIS SECTION COVERS THE SEED PRODUCTION PROCESS
s 3EED HARVESTING GUIDELINES
s #LEANING SEED
s $RYING SEED
s 4HE SEED TRANSFER PROCESS
s 4ESTING SEED FOR VIABILITY
s 0ACKAGING SEED
s 3EED STORAGE IN THE TROPICS
-ii`Ê
>ÀÛiÃÌ}Ê}Õ`iiÃ
3ELECTING AND HARVESTING SEEDS IS THE l RST
ÃÌ>ÌiÊÌ
iÊÕLiÀÊ
STAGE OF THE SEED SAVING PROCESS vÊ«i«i
3EEDS COME IN MANY DIFFERENT SHAPES AND )T MAY BE HELPFUL TO ESTIMATE THE NUMBER OF
SIZES 4HE HARVESTING AND CLEANING METHODS PEOPLE YOU WILL DISTRIBUTE TO AND HOW MANY
ARE DIFFERENT FROM PLANT TO PLANT 4HE BEST SEEDS TO GIVE TO EACH FARMER
WAY TO DETERMINE HOW TO HARVEST AND CLEAN
&OR FARMERS WHO ARE COLLECTING FOR
EACH VARIETY IS BY CAREFUL OBSERVATION AND
THEMSELVES IT IS STILL A GOOD IDEA TO HARVEST
THOUGHT
MORE SEED THAN NEEDED AND STORE IN CASE
(ERE ARE SOME GENERAL GUIDELINES THAT ARE OF CROP LOSSES %XTRA SEED CAN ALWAYS BE
CONSISTENT FOR ALL PLANTSx SHARED WITH OTHER FARMERS
-iiVÌ}ÊÃii`ÊvÀÊÃ>Û}Ê
#ONSIDERATIONS FOR PLANT SELECTION FOR SEED
SAVING INCLUDE
s OVERALL PLANT HEALTH AND VIGOUR
s SIZE AND SWEETNESS OF FRUIT
s DISEASE RESISTANCE
)T MAY BE NECESSARY TO GET RID OF UNHEALTHY
AND DISEASED PLANTS SO THEY DO NOT AFFECT
THE QUALITY OF THE SEEDS YOU SELECT
ÜÊ>ÞÊÃii`ÃÊ>`Ê
«>Ìö
)F COLLECTING SEED TO DISTRIBUTE TO OTHER
FARMERS BULK SEED FROM MANY PLANTS
SHOULD BE COLLECTED
%GGPLANT HARVESTED AT THE 0LANTING -ATERIAL .ETWORK
GARDEN READY FOR SEED EXTRACTION AND PROCESSING
#/--5.)49 3%%$ 3!6).'! 3/54( 0!#)&)# 42!).%23 -!.5!,
iVÌÊvÀÊ>ÞÊ«>ÌÃ -iiVÌÊÞÊ
i>Ì
ÞÊ«>ÌÃ
4HE NUMBER OF PLANTS THAT YOU COLLECT FROM &OR THE HIGH QUALITY SEED THE GARDENER
IS AN IMPORTANT CONSIDERATION MUST PAY CAREFUL ATTENTION TO THE SELECTION
OF THE PLANTS AND FRUITS TO TAKE SEED FROM
)T IS ADVISABLE TO COLLECT SEED FROM MANY
DIFFERENT PLANTS )F THE SAMPLE SIZE IS TOO /NLY THE HEALTHIEST PLANTS SHOULD BE
SMALL THERE MAY BE A LOSS OF CHARACTERISTICS SELECTED FOR SEED AND ONLY THE BEST FRUITS ON
IN THE FOLLOWING GENERATIONS OF PLANTS THOSE PLANTS SHOULD BE TAKEN
0ARTICULARLY WITH CROSS POLLINATING VARIETIES
DIFFERENT GENETIC TRAITS MAY BE CARRIED BY >LiÊÌ
iÊLiÃÌÊ«>ÌÃ
DIFFERENT PLANTS WITHIN THE CROP )T IS A GOOD IDEA TO LABEL THE BEST PLANTS THAT
ARE SPECIl CALLY TO BE LEFT FOR SEED SO THAT
,IMITING THE NUMBER OF PLANTS YOU COLLECT THEY ARE NOT HARVESTED FOR FOOD
FROM COULD WEAKEN THE GENETIC MAKEUP
OF THE PLANT THIS IS CALLED @INBREEDING
)NBREEDING CAN LEAD TO GREATER RISK OF 7
iÊÌÊViVÌ
DAMAGE TO CROPS THROUGH ENVIRONMENTAL 4HE BEST TIME TO COLLECT SEED FROM THE
STRESS PESTS AND DISEASE PROBLEMS PLANTS IS IN THE MID
MORNING OR MID
AFTERNOON ON A SUNNY DRY DAY
6EGETABLE SEEDS REACH THEIR PEAK VIABILITY
AND VIGOUR WHEN THEY ARE LEFT ON THE PLANT
UNTIL THEY REACH THEIR MAXIMUM DRYNESS
4HE MOST VIGOROUS SEEDS AT HARVEST TIME
WILL KEEP THE LONGEST IN STORAGE
#HOOSE ONLY THE TASTIEST DISEASE FREE LARGEST
AND MOST HEALTHY FRUIT FROM WHICH TO SAVE SEED
#/--5.)49 3%%$ 3!6).'! 3/54( 0!#)&)# 42!).%23 -!.5!,
*>ÌÃÊÌ
>ÌÊ
>ÛiÊÌ
iÊÃii`ÊÃ`iÊ>Ê *>ÌÃÊÌ
>ÌÊ`À«ÊÀ«iÊÃii`
yÊiÃ
ÞÊvÀÕÌ 4HE SEEDS OF THESE PLANTS SUCH AS LETTUCE
(ARVEST THE FRUIT WHEN RIPE 4HIS MEANS LAND CRESS SESAME AND #HINESE CABBAGE
LEAVING THE FRUITPLANT UNTIL IT HAS PAST THE NEED TO BE HARVESTED AS THEY RIPEN BEFORE
EDIBLE STAGE 9OUNG FRUIT MEANS YOUNG SEED THEY BREAK OPEN
WHICH MAY NOT GERMINATE )F A PLANT MUST BE HARVESTED BEFORE THE SEED
IS FULLY MATURE THE PLANTFRUIT CAN BE LEFT TO
/>Ì]Êi}}«>Ì
MATURE FOR A WHILE LONGER BEFORE THE SEED IS
)F TOMATOES AND EGGPLANTS ARE PICKED OVER
CLEANED
RIPE THE SEEDS MAY START TO GERMINATE IN THE
FRUIT 4HE WHOLE PLANT CAN BE HUNG UPSIDE
DOWN IN A PAPER BAG IF SMALLLETTUCE FOR
*Õ«]ÊVÕVÕLiÀ]Êi EXAMPLEOR THE FRUIT CAN BE LEFT TO SIT ON A
0UMPKINS CUCUMBERS AND MELONS SHOULD SHELF OR TABLEPUMPKIN FOR EXAMPLE
BE LEFT ON A SHELF FOR
WEEKS BEFORE
REMOVING SEED TO REACH MAXIMUM VIABILITY
iVÌÊÌiV
µÕiÃ
>«ÃVÕ]ÊV
-OST SEED OR FRUITS WITH SEED CAN BE HAND
#APSICUMS AND CHILLI ARE BEST WHEN THE PICKED
WHOLE FRUIT IS DRIED BEFORE REMOVING THE &OR VERY SMALL SEED OR SEED PODS THAT
SEED SHATTER EASILY YOU CAN PUT A PAPER BAG OVER
THE TOP OF THE PLANT OR STEM AND BREAK IT
*>ÌÃÊÜ
ÃiÊÃii`ÃÊ>ÀiÊi>Ìi OFF 4HEN IT CAN EITHER BE LEFT INSIDE THE BAG
4HE SEEDS OF THESE PLANTSSUCH AS BEANS UNTIL THE SEED DROPS OFF OR SHAKEN RUBBED
SUNm OWER AND CORNCAN BE LEFT ON THE AND CLEANED MANUALLY
PLANT UNTIL DRY DURING THE DRY SEASON
0ICK THEM EARLIER IN THE RAINY SEASON OR
LEAVE NEAR A l RE
(ARVEST AT THE RIGHT TIME
(ARVEST PLANTS WITH THE SEED INSIDE A m ESHY FRUIT WHEN RIPE
#/--5.)49 3%%$ 3!6).'! 3/54( 0!#)&)# 42!).%23 -!.5!,
7HEN TO HARVEST SEED
(ARVEST SEED IN THE MID
MORNING OR MID
AFTERNOON OF A SUNNY DRY DAY
,ABEL PLANT
,ABEL THE BEST PLANTS TO LEAVE FOR
HARVESTING SEED RATHER THAN FOR FOOD
#/--5.)49 3%%$ 3!6).'! 3/54( 0!#)&)# 42!).%23 -!.5!,
i>}ÊÃii`
!FTER HARVESTING SEED MUST BE CLEANED AND 7Ü}
DRIED BEFORE STORING FOR LATER USE 7INNOWING USES WIND OR BREATH TO BLOW
4HERE ARE DIFFERENT METHODS OF CLEANING OUT THE LIGHT HUSK
DEPENDING ON THE TYPE OF FRUIT s LAY THE SEED IN A l NELY WOVEN m AT
BASKET OR BOWL
s TOSS GENTLY WHILE BLOWING THROUGH IT AS
ÜÊÌÊViVÌÊÃii` IT FALLS BACK INTO THE BASKET
-OST SEED OR FRUITS WITH SEED CAN BE HAND
PICKED 4HE SEED CAN ALSO BE PUT IN A DISH AND
SHAKEN UNTIL THE HEAVIER SEED FALLS TO THE
&OR VERY SMALL SEED OR FOR SEED PODS THAT BOTTOM THEN THE HUSK GENTLY BLOWN OFF
SHATTER EASILY YOU CAN PUT A BAG OVER THE
TOP OF THE PLANT OR STEM AND BREAK IT OFF
4HEN THE TOP OF THE PLANT CAN EITHER BE LEFT
INSIDE THE BAG UNTIL THE SEEDS DROP OFF OR
SHAKEN RUBBED AND CLEANED MANUALLY
*>ÌÃÊÜÌ
Ê>ÊÃii`ÊÃ`iÊ
>ÊyÊiÃ
ÞÊvÀÕÌ
4HE SEED AND PULP CAN BE SCRAPED OUT AND
WASHED UNTIL THE SEED SEPARATES FROM THE
PULP
! SIEVE AND A BOWL MAY BE USEFUL FOR THIS
$RAIN AND REWASH UNTIL THE SEED IS CLEAN
-ii`ÃÊÌ
>ÌÊ
>ÛiÊ>Ê`ÀÞÊ
Ã
i]Ê
ÕÃÊÀÊ«`
4HESE INCLUDE SEEDS SUCH AS BEANS CORN
OKRA AND LETTUCE
4HEY CAN BE CLEANED BY
s OPENING AND SEPARATING BY HAND
s GENTLY ROLLING OR CRUSHING THE SEED IN
A BAG AND THEN CLEANING OFF THE HUSK
WITH A SIEVE OR BY WINNOWING
0LANTING -ATERIAL .ETWORK SEED CURATOR -ARY
4IMOTHY SEPARATES SEEDS FROM HUSK
#/--5.)49 3%%$ 3!6).'! 3/54( 0!#)&)# 42!).%23 -!.5!,
#LEANING SEED INSIDE A m ESHY FRUIT
#OLLECT FRUIT FROM 4HE PULP CONTAINING THE SEEDS 4HE SEEDS ARE SEPARATED
THE BEST PLANTS IS REMOVED FROM THE FRUIT FROM THE PULP BY WASHING IN
RUNNING WATER 4HE SEED ARE
CAUGHT IN THE SIEVE
#LEANING TOMATO SEED
!LLOWING THE SEED AND PULP OF #UT TOMATO SCRAPE 3OAK SEEDS IN WATER UNTIL
TOMATOES TO FERMENT FOR A DAY OUT SEEDS THE SEEDS SEPARATE FROM
OF TWO CAN ASSIST IN REDUCING THE PULP 4HEN DRY SEEDS
FUNGUS DISEASES IN THE PLANT AND STORE
7INNOWING
7INNOWING
4HE SEEDS ARE LAID OUT ON A
m AT BASKET OR IN A BOWL
7INNOWING
4HEY ARE THEN TOSSED GENTLY WHILE
BLOWING THROUGH THE SEEDS AS THEY
FALL BACK INTO THE BASKET OR BOWL
#/--5.)49 3%%$ 3!6).'! 3/54( 0!#)&)# 42!).%23 -!.5!,
ÀÞ}ÊÃii`
4HIS IS A PROCESS OF DRYING SEEDS AND />iÊV>ÀiÊÜ
iÊ`ÀÞ}ÊÃii`
PLACING THEM OVERNIGHT IN BUCKET @3EEDS
FOR $RYING #AREFUL ATTENTION IS NEEDED DURING THE
DRYING OF SEED
3EEDS ARE STORED OVERNIGHT SO THEY DO NOT
ABSORB MOISTURE FROM THE AIR (IGH SEED MOISTURE AT THE TIME OF STORAGE
IS THE GREATEST CAUSE OF LOSS OF VIABILITY AND
4HEY ARE SPREAD OUT FOR SUN DRYING THE NEXT VIGOUR
MORNING
)F SEED IS LEFT WET IN A CONTAINER IT WILL
4HIS PROCESS IS REPEATED UNTIL THE SEEDS ARE QUICKLY ROT
DRY
3EEDS NEED TO BE DRIED AS SOON AS THEY ARE
REMOVED FROM THE HUSK OR PULP
3OME FURTHER CLEANING MAY BE REQUIRED AFTER
THE DRYING PROCESS )T IS IMPORTANT TO GET THE
SEED AS CLEAN AS POSSIBLE 4HE CLEANER THE
SEED THE LESS CHANCE THERE IS FOR INSECT AND
FUNGUS PROBLEMS
0LACE SEEDS ON A m AT SURFACE IN THE SUN TO DRY
AFTER THEY HAVE BEEN REMOVED FROM THE FRUIT
7HEN DRIED STORE IN A MOISTURE PROOF DRUM
BUCKET @3EED FOR $RYING
"UCKET 3EED FOR $RYING
#/--5.)49 3%%$ 3!6).'! 3/54( 0!#)&)# 42!).%23 -!.5!,
-Ìi«ÊLÞÊÃÌi«p`ÀÞ}ÊÃii`
µÕ«iÌ
!FTER CLEANING DRAIN THE SEEDS IF ,ARGE PIECE OF NEWSPAPER OR CALICO
NECESSARY AND PRESS OFF ANY EXCESS 0ENS
MOISTURE WITH A CLOTH &LAT SURFACE FOR DRYING SEEDS IN THE SUN
7RITE VARIETY NAME AND DATE HARVESTED "UCKET MARKED @3EEDS FOR $RYING
ON A LARGE PIECE OF PAPER OR CALICO LAY )N THIS BUCKET EACH NIGHT WRAP SEED IN
SEEDS OUT THINLY NEWSPAPER WITH VARIETY NAME AND DATE
)T IS ADVISABLE TO l RST AIR DRY IN THE HARVESTED WRITTEN ON THE NEWSPAPER
SHADE ANY LARGE SEEDS THAT HAVE A HIGH
MOISTURE CONTENT OR SEEDS THAT HAS
BEEN IMMERSED IN WATER DIRECT SUNLIGHT
WILL MAKE THE SEED DRY TOO QUICKLY AND
CAUSE DAMAGE TO THE SEED
/
io
0UT ON A m AT SURFACE IN THE SUN THIS
PLACE SHOULD BE PROTECTED FROM THE
WIND AND NEEDS GOOD AERATION THE BEST
OPTION IS TO PUT THE PAPER ON SCREENS
AND RAISE THEM TO ALLOW AIR TO CIRCULATE
AROUND THEM
3TIR SEED DURING THE DAY FOR EQUAL
DRYING
)N THE LATE AFTERNOON FOLD THE SEED
INSIDE THE PAPERCLOTH AND PUT INTO
BUCKET @3EED FOR $RYING THIS IS THE
l RST STAGE IN THE BUCKET SYSTEM
3EED MUST BE PUT OUT AGAIN IN THE SUN
EVERY MORNING UNTIL IT IS DRY ENOUGH TO
STORE THIS CAN TAKE ANYWHERE FROM TWO
DAYS TO THREE WEEKS DEPENDING ON THE
SIZE AND MOISTURE CONTENT OF THE SEED
#/--5.)49 3%%$ 3!6).'! 3/54( 0!#)&)# 42!).%23 -!.5!,
4HE TRADITIONAL METHOD OF LAYING SEED THINLY IN THE
SUN HAS PROVEN TO BE THE EASIEST AND MOST RELIABLE
METHOD TO DRY SEEDS
4HESE PHOTOGRAPHS SHOWS SEEDS BEING SUN DRIED ON
NEWSPAPER AT THE 0LANTING -ATERIAL .ETWORK GARDEN
IN (ONIARA 3OLOMON )SLANDS
(ANGING SEED ABOVE THE KITCHEN l RE IS ANOTHER
PROVEN METHOD FOR DRYING AND STORING SMALL
AMOUNTS OF SEED
#/--5.)49 3%%$ 3!6).'! 3/54( 0!#)&)# 42!).%23 -!.5!,
-ii`Ê`ÀÞ}Ê
ÕÃi
3EED DRYING HOUSES ARE SIMPLE SHELTERS TO
PROTECT SEEDS FROM RAIN 4HEY CAN BE USED
DURING THE WET SEASON
4HESE DRYING HOUSES USE SMOKE OR RADIANT
HEAT TO DRY THE SEED
3PECIAL CONSIDERATION
NEEDS TO MADE TO ENSURE
THE TEMPERATURE DOES
NOT GET TOO HIGH AND
THAT THERE IS ADEQUATE
VENTILATION
! SEED DRYING HOUSE IS
USEFUL IN THE WET SEASON
CHIMNEY
LEAF ROOF
DOUBLE LAYER WALLING
SCREEN TRAYS FOR SEED
PIPE TO FUNNEL SMOKE
DRUM COVERED WITH
SOIL FOR INSULATION
3EED DRYING HOUSE DETAILS l RE INSIDE
#/--5.)49 3%%$ 3!6).'! 3/54( 0!#)&)# 42!).%23 -!.5!,
/
iÊÃii`ÊÌÀ>ÃviÀÊ«ÀViÃÃ
4HIS IS A PROCESS OF TRANSFERRING DRY -Ìi«ÊLÞÊÃÌi«pÃii`ÊÌÀ>ÃviÀ
SEEDS FROM BUCKET @3EEDS FOR $RYING
4HE FOLLOWING PROCEDURE IS USED TO MOVE
INTO BUCKET @&OR 'ERMINATION 4EST IN
THE DRY SEEDS THROUGH TO THE NEXT STAGE
PREPARATION FOR GERMINATION TESTING
AT WHICH THEY ARE READY FOR GERMINATION
TESTING
iVÊ`ÀÞ}ÊÃii`Ã 4O PREVENT MIXING SEED LOTS ALWAYS
#HECK ALL SEED IN THE BUCKET @3EEDS FOR HANDLE ONE VARIETY AT A TIME
$RYING AT THE END OF THE WEEK #HECK A NUMBER OF SEEDS IN EACH
!LL DRY SEEDS CAN BE MOVED ONTO THE NEXT SAMPLE FOR DRYNESS
PROCESS 0ICK OUT ANY SMALL OR DAMAGED SEEDS
YOU CAN USE A SIEVE OR SCREEN TO CLEAN
OFF ANY DUST OR RUBBISH
ÜÊÌÊÜÊvÊÃii`ÃÊ 0UT THE GOOD DRY SEEDS IN A 06# BAG
>ÀiÊ`ÀÞ ONLY ONE VARIETY IN EACH BAG
7RITE A LABEL WITH
}ÊÃii`Ã VARIETY NAME
4HESE ARE SEEDS SUCH AS BEANS AND CORN
DATE HARVESTED
4HEY USUALLY TAKE WEEKS TO DRY IN THE SEED VARIETY NUMBER IF USING THEM
SUN 0UT A SMALL BAG OF SILICA GEL IN THE BAG
WITH THE SEEDS TO ABSORB MOISTURE
s TEST BY BITING LIGHTLY
3QUEEZE ALL THE AIR FROM THE BAG
s IF THEY FEEL HARD AND STRONG AND BREAK
INSTEAD OF LEAVING AN INDENT THEY ARE 4APE THE TOP OF THE BAG
l NISHED DRYING 0UT THE REMAINING SEED IN
BUCKET @&OR 'ERMINATION 4EST
i`ÕÊÃii`Ã
4HESE ARE SEEDS SUCH AS PUMPKIN AND CHILLI
2ESEAL THE BAG AND
$RYING FOR ONE WEEK IS USUALLY ENOUGH PLACE IN BUCKET @&OR
'ERMINATION 4ESTING
4HE DRY SEED SHOULD BE HARD AND SNAP
WHEN BENT
->ÊÃii`Ã
4HESE ARE SEEDS SUCH AS EGGPLANT
AMARANTH BASIL AND #HINESE CABBAGE &OR
'ERMINATION
4HEY MAY BE DRY ENOUGH AFTER
DAYS IN 4EST
THE SUN
#/--5.)49 3%%$ 3!6).'! 3/54( 0!#)&)# 42!).%23 -!.5!,
µÕ«iÌ
"OX MARKED @3EED 4RANSFER "OX
)N THIS BOX SHOULD BE
06# BAGS SEALERS
SEALERS
PENS
SMALL BAGS FOR SILICA GEL 06#
BAGS
PEN
SCRAP PAPER
"UCKET MARKED
@3EEDS FOR $RYING
)N THIS BUCKET SHOULD BE
PAPER
BULK SEED SAMPLES WRAPPED SILICA GEL 3EED 4RANSFER "OX
IN NEWSPAPER WITH VARIETY
NAME AND DATE HARVESTED
WRITTEN ON THE NEWSPAPER 3EED 4RANSFER "OX
"UCKET MARKED
@&OR 'ERMINATION 4EST
3ILICA GEL SEE @(OW TO HANDLE SILICA GEL
ON PAGE BEFORE USING
3TRAINER OR CLEANING SIEVES
SCREENS AND SIEVES
&OR
3EEDS FOR 'ERMINATION
DRYING 4EST
SILICA GEL
3EED DRYING EQUIPMENT
#/--5.)49 3%%$ 3!6).'! 3/54( 0!#)&)# 42!).%23 -!.5!,
/iÃÌ}ÊÃii`ÊvÀÊÛ>LÌÞ
4HIS IS A PROCESS OF TRANSFERRING DRY SEEDS &OR BEST RESULTS THE PERSON DOING THE TEST
FROM BUCKET @&OR 'ERMINATION 4EST TO MUST ALSO BE RELIABLE BECAUSE SEEDS NEED
BUCKET @)N 'ERMINATION 4ESTING WITH A TO BE CHECKED WATERED AND COUNTED
LABEL RECORDING THE DATE THE GERMINATION TEST EVERY DAY 4HIS IS IMPORTANT AS SEEDS
BEGAN ARE EXTREMELY VULNERABLE DURING THE
GERMINATION PERIOD 4HEY MAY DIE IF LEFT TO
9OU CAN CHOOSE ANY OF THE THREE DIFFERENT
DRY OUT FOR EVEN ONE DAY
METHODS OF SEED GERMINATION TESTING
s SOIL TESTS IN THE NURSERY $EPENDING ON THE TYPE OF SEED IT MAY TAKE
ANYWHERE FROM FOUR DAYS TO FOUR WEEKS TO
s BOWL TESTS
COMPLETE GERMINATION TESTING
s PAPER TESTS IN PLASTIC BAGS
'OOD RESULTS OF THE GERMINATION TEST ARE
µÕ«iÌ
WRITTEN ON THE LABEL AND SEED BAGS ARE s BUCKET @&OR 'ERMINATION 4EST
MOVED TO BUCKET @&OR 0ACKAGING s BUCKET @)N 'ERMINATION 4ESTING
s BUCKET @&OR 'ARDEN
s BUCKET @&OR 0ACKAGING
iÀ>ÌÊÌiÃÌ}
'ERMINATION TESTS ARE A WAY OF TESTING THE !LSO COLLECT ALL EQUIPMENT NEEDED FOR
POTENTIAL OF SEEDS TO GROW 4HIS IMPORTANT GERMINATION TESTING AND KEEP IT IN A BOX
STAGE OF THE SEED PRODUCTION PROCESS IS TO LABELLED @'ERMINATION 4ESTING %QUIPMENT
MAKE SURE THAT ALL SEED DISTRIBUTED IS GOOD
)N THIS BOX YOU PUT
QUALITY AND WILL GROW
s LABELLING MATERIALS SMALL TAGS
'ERMINATION TESTING CAN BE DONE IN MANY s PENS
WAYS FROM SIMPLE TECHNIQUES UP TO HIGHLY s CALICO OR ABSORBENT PAPER
TECHNICAL METHODS 4HIS MANUAL USES SIMPLE s BOWLS EG CLEAN DRY HALF COCONUTS
METHODS AND BASIC EQUIPMENT SUITABLE FOR s PLASTIC BAGS EG BREAD BAGS
VILLAGE SEED SAVING s NURSERY MATERIALS
s GRATED COCONUT HUSK NURSERY BOXES
COCONUT HUSKS
s GERMINATION RECORD SHEET
CALICO OR FOR GRATING LABEL
PLASTIC BAGS ABSORBENT
PAPER PENS
GERMINATION
RECORD SHEET
'ERMINATION
4ESTING
NURSERY %QUIPMENT
EQUIPMENT
'ERMINATION 4ESTING
%QUIPMENT
&OR
'ERMINATION 'ERMINATION
4EST 4ESTING
#/--5.)49 3%%$ 3!6).'! 3/54( 0!#)&)# 42!).%23 -!.5!,
-Ìi«ÊLÞÊÃÌi«pÊ Ó°Ê
ÕÌÊÌ
iÊÃii`Ã
-IX THE SEEDS INSIDE THE BAG SO THAT THE
}iÀ>ÌÊÌiÃÌ} SELECTED SAMPLE IS NOT JUST FROM THE SEEDS AT
£°Ê ÜÊÌÊÃiiVÌÊÛ>ÀiÌiÃÊvÀÊ THE TOP OF THE BAG
}iÀ>ÌÊÌiÃÌ}Ê #OUNT OUT THE NUMBER OF SEEDS FOR TESTING
3ELECT SEED SAMPLES TO BE TESTED FROM s FOR BOWL TESTS USUALLY FOR BEANS AND
BUCKET @&OR 'ERMINATION 4EST CORN
SEEDS
s FOR SOIL OR BAG TEST SMALLER SEEDS
4HE SAMPLE SHOULD BE OF A QUANTITY SO THAT
SEEDS
WHEN GERMINATION TESTING IS COMPLETE THERE
WILL STILL BE LOTS OF SEED LEFT TO DISTRIBUTE )F
THERE IS NOT ENOUGH SEEDS TO MAKE PACKETS
THEN THE SEED SAMPLE CAN BE PLANTED OUT IN
THE GARDEN TO MULTIPLY
3EEDS THAT HAVE BEEN IN PACKETS FOR A LONG
TIME
YEARS CAN BE TESTED OCCASIONALLY
TO SEE IF THEY HAVE LOST THEIR GERMINATION
POTENTIAL DURING STORAGE
Î°Ê 7ÀÌiÊvÀ>ÌÊÊÌ
iÊ
ÌiÃÌÊÀiVÀ`ÊÃ
iiÌ
2ECORD
s THE DATE THE TEST BEGINS
s THE 0-. NUMBER AND VARIETY NAME
s THE NUMBER OF SEEDS
{°Ê >iÊ>LiÃ
!LL GERMINATION TESTS MUST HAVE A LABEL
/
iÊvÜ}ÊÃÌi«ÃÊÓx®ÊÃ
Õ`Ê
s WRITE THE SAME INFORMATION YOU PUT ON
LiÊ`iÊvÀÊiÊÛ>ÀiÌÞÊ>ÌÊ>ÊÌi
THE RECORD SHEET ON THE LABEL
9OU ALSO NEED
s PLACE THE LABEL WITH THE TEST SAMPLE
s BUCKET MARKED @&OR 'ERMINATION
EITHER IN BOWL BAG OR BESIDE ROW IN
4ESTIN THIS BUCKET THERE SHOULD BE
NURSERY SOIL
BULK SEED SAMPLES IN SEALED PLASTIC
BAGS WITH SILICA GEL AND LABELS
s BUCKET MARKED @)N 'ERMINATION
4ESTING
s A PLACE FOR LEAVING BOWL AND PAPER
TESTS THAT IS IN THE SHADE WITH GOOD
AERATION BUT NOT IN FULL WIND AND HAS ! LABEL RECORDS INFORMATION ABOUT THE SEED
PROTECTION FROM RATS AND INSECTS
#/--5.)49 3%%$ 3!6).'! 3/54( 0!#)&)# 42!).%23 -!.5!,
x°Ê -i>ÊÀi>}ÊÃii` Ç°Ê 7>ÌiÀÊÌ
iÊÃii`ÃÊiÛiÀÞÊ`>Þ
s PUT SEED BACK IN THE BAG WITH $URING EARLY STAGES OF GROWTH SEEDS ARE
REMAINING SEED AND SILICA GEL VERY VULNERABLE AND NEED TO BE WELL CARED
s RESEAL THE BAG AND PLACE IN BUCKET FOR
@)N 'ERMINATION 4ESTING
)T IS IMPORTANT TO MAINTAIN A DAMP MOISTURE
s ON THE LABEL WRITE THE DATE THE LEVEL )F SEEDS GET TOO DRY OR STAY TOO WET
GERMINATION TEST BEGAN THEY WILL DIE
2EMINDER
$O NOT LET SILICA GEL SIT IN OPEN AIR n°Ê
ÕÌÊÌ
iÊÕLiÀÊvÊÃii`ÃÊ
Ì
>ÌÊ
>ÛiÊ}iÀ>Ìi`
2ESEAL THE BAG AND !T THE END OF EACH WEEK COUNT ALL
PLACE IN BUCKET @)N
GERMINATED SEEDS AND RECORD ON THE TEST
'ERMINATION 4ESTING
SHEET
°Ê
>VÕ>ÌiÊÌ
iÊ«iÀViÌ>}iÊvÊ
Ãii`ÃÊÌ
>ÌÊ
>ÛiÊ}iÀ>Ìi`
4HE TEST IS l NISHED WHEN NO MORE SEEDS
)N
'ERMINATION
WILL GERMINATE SOME VARIETIES TAKE A LONG
4ESTING TIME TO GERMINATE
2ECOUNT ALL GERMINATED SEEDS THEN CALCULATE
THE PERCENTAGE OF GERMINATED SEED AND
È°Ê i}ÊÃii`ÊÌiÃÌ
RECORD ON THE TEST SHEET
)F SEEDS HAVE A STRONG COAT SUCH AS BEANS
OKRA OR ARE SLOW TO GERMINATE THEY CAN BE
Ý>«i\Ê
SOAKED FOR A FEW MINUTES IN HOT WATER OR
)F THERE WERE SEEDS IN THE TEST BUT ONLY
SALT WATER TO SPEED UP THE GERMINATION
GERMINATEDx
#ARRY OUT ONE OF THESE SEED TESTS
¿ DIVIDED BY
s SOIL TESTS IN THE NURSERY
X TIMES
s BOWL TEST
s CALICO OR PAPER
#OUNTING AND CALCULATING SEED
GERMINATION
#OUNTING THE NUMBER OF SEEDS WHICH HAVE
GERMINATED IN THE SEEDLING TRAYS
!FTER COUNTING THE PERCENTAGE OF GERMINATED SEED
IS CALCULATED AND MARKED ON THE SEED PACKET
#/--5.)49 3%%$ 3!6).'! 3/54( 0!#)&)# 42!).%23 -!.5!,
£ä°Ê >LiÊLÕÊÃii`ÊÃ>«i
s TAKE BULK SEED SAMPLE FROM
BUCKET @)N 'ERMINATION 4ESTING
s WRITE THE RESULT PERCENTAGE OF SEED
WHICH GERMINATED ON THE LABEL INSIDE
THE BAG IF THE GERMINATION RESULT IS
LOW BELOW PUT INSIDE BUCKET
@&OR 'ARDEN SEEDS WHICH SHOW A HIGH
PERCENTAGE GERMINATION ABOVE
PUT INSIDE BUCKET @&OR 0ACKAGING
s CONTINUE TO CARE FOR THE SOIL
WRITE THE GERMINATION
GERMINATION TESTS IF YOU WANT TO PLANT
TESTING RESULT ON THE
THE SEED IN THE GARDEN LABEL
&OR
0ACKAGING
SEED WITH HIGH
GERMINATION RATE
)N
'ERMINATION
4EST
SEED WITH LOW
GERMINATION RATE
,ABEL BULK SEED SAMPLE FOR PACKAGING &OR 'ARDEN
OR LEAVE SEED FOR THE GARDEN
3EED SAVING BUCKET
#/--5.)49 3%%$ 3!6).'! 3/54( 0!#)&)# 42!).%23 -!.5!,
3OIL TEST IN THE NURSERY
!LL SEEDS CAN BE TESTED IN THE NURSERY
'ROWING MEDIUM
7E SUGGEST USING GRATED COCONUT HUSK
BECAUSE IT HOLDS MOISTURE WELL AND HAS NO
WEED SEEDS
3OIL CAN BE USED AT THE RATIO OF WITH
COCONUT HUSK IF STERILIZED BY POURING BOILING
WATER OVER IT
0ROCEDURE -ARY AND 'WENDOLYN CARRY OUT GERMINATION
s l LL NURSERY BOX WITH GRATED COCONUT HUSK TESTING AT THE 3OLOMON )SLANDS 0LANTING
-ATERIAL .ETWORK GARDEN
SOIL
s MAKE A SHALLOW LINE OR ROW TO SPRINKLE
SEEDS IN SEE SKETCH BELOW
s DONT PLANT SEEDS TOO DEEP PLANTING
DEPTH IS TWICE THE WIDTH OF THE SEED
s COVER THE SEED LIGHTLY WITH GRATED
COCONUT HUSK
s PUT YOUR LABEL IN NURSERY TRAY
s WATER SEED TRAY LIGHTLY
s MAINTAIN MOISTURE AND ENCOURAGE
GERMINATION BY PLACING A WET COPRA
BAG OVER THE TRAY AFTER SOAKING THE BAG
IN BOILING WATER l RST TO KILL ANY INSECTS OR
DISEASES REMOVE THE BAG AFTER TWO DAYS
0LANTING OUT SEEDS INTO PROPAGATING TRAYS
5SE YOUR l NGER TO MEASURE THE DISTANCE
BETWEEN SEED
'RATING ROTTING COCONUTS TO MAKE
SEED RAISING MEDIUM
#/--5.)49 3%%$ 3!6).'! 3/54( 0!#)&)# 42!).%23 -!.5!,
4ONY *ANSEN DEMONSTRATES
HOW TO USE STIFF WIRE MESH
ON A WOODEN FRAME TO
SCRAPE ROTTING COCONUT
HUSK TO MIX WITH SOIL FOR THE
NURSERY
2OTTING COCONUT CAN
BE COLLECTED FROM A
PLANTATION
&ILLING THE SEED TRAYS WITH
GROWING MIX MADE FROM
SCRAPED COCONUT 4HE
TRAYS ARE l LLED ALMOST TO
THE TOP
4HE PICTURE SHOWS ONE
LONG TRAY DIVIDED INTO
SMALLER TRAYS
0ARTICIPANTS IN A TRAINING
WORKSHOP PLANT SEEDS
INTO SEED BOXES l LLED WITH
SCRAPED COCONUT HUSK
#/--5.)49 3%%$ 3!6).'! 3/54( 0!#)&)# 42!).%23 -!.5!,
"OWL TEST
5SE THIS TEST FOR LARGE SEEDS LIKE BEANS AND &OLD SEEDS IN PAPER AND SPRINKLE WITH
CORN WATER UNTIL JUST DAMP
0ROCEDURE
3OAK SEEDS IN WATER FOR A FEW HOURS OR
OVERNIGHT
2ETURN SEEDS TO BOWL WITH LABEL
#HECK SEEDS TWO TIMES A DAY WATER
$RAIN WATER FROM BOWL AND PLACE SEEDS
WHEN NEEDED TO MAINTAIN DAMPNESS
ON ABSORBENT PAPER
-OISTURE LEVEL IS IMPORTANTNOT TOO WET
NOT TOO DRY
3EEDS SOAKING ON
ABSORBENT PAPER
#/--5.)49 3%%$ 3!6).'! 3/54( 0!#)&)# 42!).%23 -!.5!,
#ALICO
#ALICOPAPER TEST PAPER TEST
4HE PAPER TEST USED FOR SEED GERMINATION
NEEDS CLOSE OBSERVATION AND CAREFUL
ATTENTION
)T IS THE MOST LIKELY METHOD FOR THE SEEDS
s TO DRY OUT
s TO ROT IF PAPER OR CALICO IS TOO WET
0ROCEDURE
0LACE SEEDS ON CALICO OR ABSORBENT
PAPER
&OLD THREE TIMES 3EEDS LAID OUT ON CALICO OR PAPER SHEET
&OLD IN THE EDGES
3PRAY CALICOPAPER WITH WATER UNTIL JUST
DAMP
0LACE DAMP FOLDED PAPER IN A RACK OR
HANG IN A PLACE OUT OF DIRECT SUNLIGHT AND
WIND INSIDE A PLASTIC BAG WHICH HAS HOLES
IN IT FOR AERATION
5NCOVER SEEDS AND CHECK TWICE DAILY
7ATER WHEN NEEDED TO MAINTAIN
DAMPNESS
&OLD THREE TIMES
PLASTIC BAG
&OLD IN THE EDGES WITH HOLES
SEED BAGS
RACK
3TAND CALICOPAPER BAGS IN A RACK OR HANG IN
A PLACE OUT OF DIRECT SUNLIGHT AND WIND INSIDE
A PLASTIC BAG WHICH HAS HOLES IN IT FOR AERATION
5NCOVER SEEDS AND CHECK TWICE DAILY
7ATER WHEN NEEDED TO MAINTAIN DAMPNESS
#/--5.)49 3%%$ 3!6).'! 3/54( 0!#)&)# 42!).%23 -!.5!,
*>V>}}ÊÃii`
0ACKAGING SEEDS IS USEFUL IF AS A SEED BANK -Ìi«LÞÃÌi«pÃii`Ê
YOU ARE DISTRIBUTING SEED TO OTHER FARMERS OR
SELLING YOUR SEED «>V>}}
4AKE OUT SEED TEST FOR DRYNESS
)F THE SEED IS ONLY FOR THE VILLAGE FARMER
3PREAD SEEDS OUT ON LARGE PAPER PICK
THEN SEE PAGE @3EED STORAGE IN THE
OUT ANY BAD DAMAGED SEEDS OR SMALL
TROPICS FOR DETAILS OF HOW TO STORE YOUR
SEEDS
OWN SEED
#ALCULATE NUMBER OF SEEDS FOR EACH
PACKET OF THAT VARIETY
µÕ«iÌ -ETHOD
"OX MARKED @3EED 0ACKAGING "OX
THE NUMBER OF PLANTS FOR GARDEN
4HIS BOX SHOULD CONTAIN ¿ DIVIDED BY PERCENTAGE OF SEED
STAMP WITH YOUR LOGO NAME AND GERMINATED NUMBER OF SEEDS PER
ADDRESS PACKET
SEED PACKETS YOU CAN MAKE THEM %XAMPLE
YOURSELF
.UMBER OF PLANTS
GLUE
'ERMINATION
PENS
SPOONS ¿ DIVIDED BY SEEDS
LARGE PAPER EG NEWSPAPER PER PACKET
3EED 0ACKAGING 2ECORD 3HEET .UMBER OF PLANTS FOR GARDEN
"UCKET MARKED @&OR 0ACKAGING 4HIS IS BASED ON AN ESTIMATE OF HOW
MANY PLANTS PEOPLE USUALLY HAVE IN
"UCKET MARKED @3EEDS FOR
THEIR SUP SUP GARDEN
$ISTRIBUTION
0ENS
'LUE
0ACKETS
3POON
3TAMPS
AND PAD
3CISSORS
3EED 0ACKAGING %QUIPMENT
3EED PACKAGING EQUIPMENT BOX
#/--5.)49 3%%$ 3!6).'! 3/54( 0!#)&)# 42!).%23 -!.5!,
MELON LUFFA PUMPKIN SNAKE -EASURE ON A SPOON THE NUMBER OF
BEAN SEEDS NEEDED FOR EACH PACKET m AT
EGGPLANT OKRA PEPPERS BASIL DESSERT SPOON OR HEAPED TEASPOON
CHILLIES 0UT SEEDS IN PACKET USING SPOON TO
BEANS CUCUMBER TOMATO ESTIMATE
WATERCRESS 'LUE TOP OF PACKET
CHINESE CABBAGE LETTUCE SOYA 7HEN l NISHED PACKING ONE VARIETY PUT
MUNG BEAN ELASTIC BAND AROUND ALL SEED PACKETS
MARIGOLD SUNm OWER SESAME CORN 0UT SEEDS IN 06# BAG WITH SILICA
RICE SORGHUM GEL SEAL AND PUT IN BUCKET @&OR
%STIMATE NUMBER OF PACKETS NEEDED FOR $ISTRIBUTION
THAT VARIETY 2ECORD NUMBER OF PACKETS ON SEED
3TAMP PACKET PACKAGING RECORD SHEET
5SING A RUBBER STAMP TO MARK LOGO
AND INFORMATION ON SEED PACKETS
5SING A SPOON TO MEASURE SEED INTO PACKETS
7RITE DETAILS ON PACKET
&OR EXAMPLE )T IS IMPORTANT TO REMEMBER THAT ONCE SEED
IS PACKAGED IT MUST BE STORED WELL AS THE
.UMBER OF SEEDS
PACKET DOES NOT STOP INSECT OR MOISTURE
'ERMINATION
DAMAGE
$ATE 0-. 6ARIETY 'ERMINATION .O OF
PACKED NUMBER NAME RESULT PACKETS
7HITE
%GGPLANT
)SABEL
0INK
"EAN
3EED 0ACKAGING 2ECORD 3HEET
0ACKAGED SEED WITH INFORMATION RECORDED ON
THE SEED PACKET
#/--5.)49 3%%$ 3!6).'! 3/54( 0!#)&)# 42!).%23 -!.5!,
-ii`ÊÃÌÀ>}iÊÊÌ
iÊÌÀ«VÃ
4HE CLIMATIC CONDITIONS IN THE TROPICAL `ÊÌ
iÊÀ}
ÌÊVÌ>iÀÃÊ
0ACIl C ISLANDS ARE A CHALLENGE TO SEED
STORAGE 4HE HIGH TEMPERATURES HIGH vÀÊÞÕÀÊÃii`Ã
HUMIDITY AND INSECT ATTACK CAUSE RAPID LOSS 4HE l RST STEP IS TO USE AN AIRTIGHT CONTAINER
OF VIABILITY OF SEED WITH A STRONG SEAL 3EARCHING OUT A GOOD
SOURCE OF BUCKETS IS AN IMPORTANT START FOR
)T IS POSSIBLE TO KEEP SEED FOR A NUMBER OF ANY SEED PRODUCTION CENTRE
YEARS IF THE METHOD OF STORAGE IS PROPERLY
CONSIDERED s TIGHT
SEALING TINS AND JARS ARE THE BEST
OPTION FOR THE VILLAGE FARMER
s BAMBOO AND GOURDS CAN ALSO BE USED
}
ÊÌi«iÀ>ÌÕÀi IF THEY ARE WELL SEALED WITH A RESIN OR
7ITH THE EXCEPTION OF THE INITIAL DRYING WAX
PROCESS AT ALL OTHER STAGES OF PROCESSING
AND STORAGE SEEDS SHOULD BE KEPT IN THE &ILL THE CONTAINER AS MUCH AS POSSIBLE WITH
COOLEST PLACE POSSIBLE SEED TO REDUCE THE AMOUNT OF AIR INSIDE
7HERE THERE IS NO REFRIGERATION A SHELTERED
AREA OUT OF DIRECT SUNLIGHT AND HEAT IS
LÃÀL}ÊÃÌÕÀiÊÊÞÕÀÊÃii`Ê
SUFl CIENT VÌ>iÀ
!SHES RICE AND MILK POWDER ARE A FEW
MATERIALS FOUND IN MOST VILLAGES THAT CAN BE
}
Ê
Õ`ÌÞÊ USED TO ABSORB MOISTURE FROM THE SEED AND
4HE HUMID AIR OF THE TROPICS CAUSES SEEDS TO AIR INSIDE THE CONTAINER
ROT AND DIE IN A SHORT PERIOD OF TIME
1Ã}Ê>Ã
#REATING A SEED STORAGE ENVIRONMENT THAT
&RESH ASH FROM THE l RE IS THE MOST EFFECTIVE
IS FREE FROM MOISTURE IS NOT AS HARD AS IT
OF THE MATERIALS THAT ABSORB MOISTURE
SOUNDS
4IGHTLY SEALED
CONTAINERS 3ELECT AN AIRTIGHT CONTAINER IN WHICH TO STORE
YOUR SEEDS
4IGHT SEALING CANS AND JARS ARE THE BEST
OPTION FOR SEED SAVERS IN RURAL COMMUNITIES
#ONTAINERS THAT DO NOT SEAL TIGHTLY
#/--5.)49 3%%$ 3!6).'! 3/54( 0!#)&)# 42!).%23 -!.5!,
)T IS IMPORTANT TO LET THE ASHES COOL l RST $O
NOT PUT ASH STRAIGHT FROM THE l RE INTO THE
SEED CONTAINER
)T WILL BE NECESSARY TO REPLACE THE ASH WITH
FRESH ASH EVERY FEW MONTHS AS OVER TIME IT
LOSES ITS EFFECTIVENESS
1Ã}ÊÃV>Ê}i
3ILICA GEL WHILE AN EXPENSIVE AND IMPORTED
PRODUCT IS AN INVALUABLE MATERIAL FOR SEED 3TEP
PRODUCTION CENTRES "URN SOME WOOD
!LL STORAGE CONTAINERS SHOULD HAVE A THICK
LAYER OF ASH ON THE BOTTOM EVEN WHEN
USING SILICA GEL
3TEP
ÌÀ}ÊÃiVÌÃÊ !SHES FROM THE l RE ARE READY TO
BE COLLECTED WHEN COOL
ÊÃÌÀi`ÊÃii`
-AKE SURE THAT THE SEED HAS BEEN DRIED WELL
IN THE SUN 4HIS PROCESS WILL KILL OFF ANY
INSECTS OR EGGS THAT ARE IN THE SEED SAMPLE
!SHES FROM THE l RE ARE ALSO USEFUL IN
CONTROLLING INSECTS 4HE SMALL PARTICLES
OF THE ASHES ARE HARMFUL TO THE SHELL AND
BODIES OF INSECTS
)F THE SEED VARIETY HAS AN INSECT PROBLEM
A LAYER OF ASH CAN BE PLACED ON TOP OF THE
3TEP
SEEDS IN THE PACKET AS WELL
!SHES COLLECTED AND ARE READY TO BE PLACED INTO
SEED STORAGE CONTAINERS
3OME PLANTS MAY PREVENT INSECT ATTACK
MIXING DRIED NEEM AND GUAVA LEAVES WITH 7OOD ASH ABSORBS MOISTURE WHEN
THE SEED IN STORAGE IS A USEFUL EXPERIMENT PLACED IN THE SEED STORAGE CONTAINER
)F AT ANY STAGE DURING STORAGE THE SEEDS
LOOK CONTAMINATED WITH INSECTS PUT THEM IN
DIRECT SUNLIGHT FOR A FEW HOURS
3EEDS ARE DRIED THEN PLACED IN PAPER
ENVELOPES THEN PUT INTO THE SEED STORAGE
CONTAINER WITH WOOD ASH OR SILICA GEL
(ERE SEEDS ARE STORED WITH WOOD ASH TO
PREVENT DAMAGE FROM MOISTURE IN THE AIR
#/--5.)49 3%%$ 3!6).'! 3/54( 0!#)&)# 42!).%23 -!.5!,
(OW TO HANDLE SILICA GEL
3ILICA GEL CRYSTALS ARE A VALUABLE RESOURCE 5SING SILICA GEL
IF SEED IS NEEDED TO BE STORED FOR A LONG 5SING SILICA GEL REQUIRES CAREFUL ATTENTION
PERIOD OF TIME PARTICULARLY IN TROPICAL AREAS
OF HIGH HUMIDITY AND HEAT )T IS AN EXPENSIVE )F IT IS EXPOSED TO THE OPEN AIR IT WILL QUICKLY
IMPORTED PRODUCT SO IS SUGGESTED ONLY FOR ABSORB THE MOISTURE AND WILL NOT WORK WHEN IT
SEED PRODUCTION CENTRES THAT PRODUCE STORE IS PLACED WITH THE SEED
AND DISTRIBUTE SEED TO OTHERS
0ROCEDURE FOR USE
3ILICA GEL CRYSTALS ABSORB MOISTURE FROM
THE AIR AND HELP TO MAINTAIN A DRY STORAGE 4HE FOLLOWING PROCEDURE SHOULD BE FOLLOWED
ENVIRONMENT FOR THE SEED 4HE CRYSTALS CAN CLOSELY WHEN USING THE SILICA GEL CRYSTALS
ALSO CONTINUE TO DRAW OUT ANY REMAINING /PEN THE LARGE BUCKET OF SILICA GEL TAKE
MOISTURE FROM THE SEED 4HE COLOUR INDICATOR OUT A SMALL AMOUNT OF SILICA GEL ONE SMALL
OF THE SILICA GEL CAN ALSO SHOW HOW EFFECTIVE CONTAINER FULL
THE CONTAINER IS AT KEEPING OUT THE AIR #LOSE LARGE BUCKET AGAIN THIS BUCKET HAS
TWO LARGE PLASTIC BAGS INSIDE TO KEEP OUT
%QUIPMENT THE MOISTURE EACH ONE MUST HAVE ALL THE
s LARGE BUCKET OF SILICA GEL EXCESS AIR PRESSED OUT AND THEN SEALED
TIGHTLY WITH AN ELASTIC BAND SEAL THE LID
s SMALL ZIPLOCK BAGS
PROPERLY
s LARGE 06# BAGS OR AIRTIGHT CONTAINERS
4AKE A SMALL ZIPLOCK BAG AND l LL IT TO
s SEALERS FULL WITH THE FRESH SILICA GEL WITH THE SPOON
s SPOON #LOSE THE ZIPLOCK BAG AND PUT IT IN THE
06# BAG ALWAYS KEEP THE 06# BAG
FOLDED TO KEEP THE MOISTURE OUT
#ONTINUE TO l LL AND SEAL THE SMALL ZIPLOCK
BAGS UNTIL YOU HAVE ALL YOU NEED
7HEN l NISHED MAKE SURE ALL l LLED SMALL
BAGS ARE IN THE 06# BAG PRESS OUT ANY
EXCESS AIR FOLD OVER THE TOP OF THE LARGE
BAG AND SEAL
!NY EXTRA LOOSE SILICA GEL SHOULD BE PUT
BACK IN THE LARGE BUCKET AND SEALED
PROPERLY
3EEDS ARE STORED WITH SILICA GEL OR WOOD
ASH IN AIRTIGHT CONTAINER TO PREVENT
DAMAGE FROM MOISTURE IN THE AIR
#/--5.)49 3%%$ 3!6).'! 3/54( 0!#)&)# 42!).%23 -!.5!,
2EACTIVATING SILICA GEL CRYSTALS ,AY PINK SILICA GEL CRYSTALS
3ILICA GEL IS A RE
USEABLE PRODUCT 4HE COLOUR IN A THIN LAYER ON A TRAY
OF THE CRYSTALS INDICATE HOW MUCH MOISTURE AND PLACE ON l RE TO BE
THEY HAVE ABSORBED REACTIVATED
)F THE CRYSTALS ARE
s DARK BLUETHEY ARE FRESH AND DRY
s PINKTHEY HAVE A HIGH MOISTURE CONTENT
AND NEED TO BE HEATED AND DRIED OUT
BEFORE THEY CAN ABSORB MORE MOISTURE
4O REUSE SILICA GEL IT IS NECESSARY TO DRIVE OUT
THE MOISTURE IT HAS ABSORBED 4HIS IS DONE
WHEN THE CRYSTALS ARE A PINK COLOUR
4HE CRYSTALS ARE HEATEDIDEALLY AT
DEGREES #IN AN OVEN OR ARE HEATED IN A
SOLAR OVEN 4HIS DRIVES OUT THE ABSORBED WATER
AND REACTIVATES THE CRYSTALS
0ROCEDURE
,AY THE PINK SILICA GEL IN A THIN LAYER ON A
TRAY
0LACE IN AN OVEN OR IN A SOLAR DRYER 3ILICA GEL CRYSTALS ARE HEAT
DRIED TO
REACTIVATE THEM FOR REUSE
(EAT UNTIL THE CRYSTALS TURN DARK BLUE
4HE CRYSTALS TURN FROM PINK TO BLUE WHEN DRY
4RANSFER QUICKLY TO THE LARGE SILICA GEL
BUCKET
'LASS
4RAYS FOR SILICA GEL
3IDE WALLS COVERED
WITH REm ECTIVE FOIL
7OOD FRAME
#ARDBOARD BOX 7OODEN FRAME
INSIDE PAINTED BLACK TO SUPPORT RACKS
! SOLAR DRIER FOR REACTIVATING SILICA GEL CRYSTALS CAN BE EASILY MADE
#/--5.)49 3%%$ 3!6).'! 3/54( 0!#)&)# 42!).%23 -!.5!,
ÕÌÞÊ«>ÌÊÀi}ÃÌiÀ
4HE COMMUNITY PLANT REGISTER IS A DOCUMENT s OTHER USES SUCH AS MEDICINE BUILDING
RECORDING INFORMATION ABOUT THE LOCAL MATERIAL FOOD FOR CHICKENS FOOD FOR
AGRICULTURAL BIODIVERSITYTHE RANGE OF YOUNG BABIES
EDIBLE AND OTHERWISE USEFUL PLANTS USED BY s INSECT AND DISEASE RESISTANCE
THE COMMUNITY
)T MAY NOT BE NECESSARY TO INCLUDE ALL
4HE REGISTER IS PREFERABLY MADE BY LOCAL CATEGORIES (OWEVER IT IS CLEAR THAT THE
FARMERS MORE THAT IS RECORDED THE GREATER THE
UNDERSTANDING AND BENEl T
6ALUABLE INFORMATION IN A COMMUNITY SEED
REGISTER INCLUDES
s NAME OF THE LOCAL VARIETY *ÀViÃÃ
s BOTANICAL NAME 4HE PROCESS OF DOCUMENTING SUCH DETAILS OF
s PLANT FAMILY THE GROUP OF RELATED EACH PLANT ASSISTS TO
PLANTS TO WHICH THE VARIETY BELONGS s IDENTIFY DIFFERENCES IN PLANT VARIETIES
s PLANT DESCRIPTION SUCH AS WHETHER A s IDENTIFY THE RANGE OF QUALITIES OF
TREE SHRUB VEGETABLE OR ROOT CROP VARIETIES WHICH DEMONSTRATES THE
s GROWTH HABIT SUCH AS WHETHER THE IMPORTANCE OF DIVERSITY
PLANT GROWS AS A TALLMEDIUMSHORT s TEACHES BOTANICAL CLASSIl CATION THROUGH
TREE SHRUB GROUND COVER PRACTICAL USE
s TIME TO FRUITING HOW LONG AFTER s IDENTIFY SITE SUITABILITY FOR DIFFERENT
PLANTING AS A SEED UNTIL THE PLANT BEARS VARIETIESWHICH PLANTS DO BEST IN
FRUIT WHICH LOCATIONS
s YIELD WHETHER THE PLANT PRODUCES A
LARGE OR SMALL QUANTITY OF FOOD
s EATING QUALITY IS THE EDIBLE PART SWEET
SOUR OR BITTER TASTING WHETHER IT IS
CONSIDERED GOOD TO EAT
4HE DISTRIBUTION OF
SEEDS TO VILLAGE FARMERS
DURING A 3OLOMON
)SLANDS 0LANTING -ATERIAL
.ETWORK WORKSHOP
#/--5.)49 3%%$ 3!6).'! 3/54( 0!#)&)# 42!).%23 -!.5!,
1ÃiÃÊvÀÊÌ
iÊ
ÕÌÞÊ s CAN BE COMBINED WITH SIMILAR REGISTERS
FOR NATIONAL AND REGIONAL PLANT REGISTER
-ii`Ê,i}ÃÌiÀ s ASSESSMENT OF A COMMUNITYS AVAILABLE
4HE PLANT REGISTER PLANTING MATERIALS
s CAN BE COMPLIED INTO A SEEDPLANT s CONTRIBUTES TO A COMPREHENSIVE
CATALOGUE FOR EXCHANGE SALE OR COMMUNITY FOOD ASSESSMENT
DISTRIBUTION
s HELPS PROTECT THE INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
RIGHTS AND PLANT VARIETY RIGHTS OF LOCAL
AGRICULTURAL CROP GENETIC RESOURCES
%XAMPLE OF #OMMUNITY 3EED 2EGISTER
.AME "OTANICAL 0LANT 0LANT DESCRIPTION 'ROWTH 4IME 9IELD %ATING QUALITY /THER USES )NSECT AND
OF LOCAL NAME FAMILY RATE TO DISEASE
VARIETY FRUITING RESISTANCE
#/--5.)49 3%%$ 3!6).'! 3/54( 0!#)&)# 42!).%23 -!.5!,
3OURCES OF USEFUL INFORMATION
2%&%2%.#%3
,iviÀiViÃ
,iviÀiViÊ>ÌiÀ> +ASTOM 'ADEN !SSOCIATION
4HE 3EED 3AVERS (ANDBOOK
&OR !USTRALIA 0/ "OX
AND .EW :EALAND (ONIARA 3OLOMON )SLANDS
0HONE
BY -ICHEL AND *UDE &ANTON &AX
PUBLISHED BY THE 3EED 3AVERS .ETWORK KASTOMGADEN SOLOMONCOMSB
!USTRALIA
4HE +ASTOM 'ADEN !SSOCIATION BASED
3EED 0RODUCTION FOR THE !USTRALIAN (OME IN THE 3OLOMON )SLANDS IS A NON
'ARDENER GOVERNMENT ORGANISATION PROVIDING
BY !LLEN AND #HRISTINA "ARRY TRAINING IN SMALL SCALE AGRICULTURE
PUBLISHED BY 4HE (ENRY $OUBLEDAY
4HE !SSOCIATION WORKS CLOSELY WITH
2ESEARCH !SSOCIATION OF !USTRALIA
THE 3OLOMON )SLANDS 0LANTING -ATERIAL
)NC
.ETWORK
)N
SITE #ONSERVATION OF !GRICULTURAL
4HE 3EED 3AVERS .ETWORK
"IODIVERSITY AND %STABLISHMENT OF
0/ "OX
#OMMUNITY 3EED "ANKS
"YRON "AY .37 !USTRALIA
WRITTEN AND PUBLISHED BY
0HONE&AX
4HE 2ESEARCH &OUNDATION FOR 3CIENCE
4ECHNOLOGY AND %COLOGY AND INFO SEEDSAVERSNET
.!6$!.9! WWWSEEDSAVERSNETAU
4HE 3EED 3AVERS .ETWORK SUPPLIES
ÀiÊvÀ>Ì TRAINING AND SUPPORT FOR THE 3OLOMON
3OLOMON )SLANDS )SLANDS 0LANTING -ATERIAL .ETWORK
0LANTING -ATERIAL .ETWORK #OURSES IN COMMUNITY SEED SAVING AND
0/ "OX TRAINING INTERNSHIPS FOR SEED SAVERS
(ONIARA 3OLOMON )SLANDS FROM !USTRALIA AND OTHER COUNTRIES MAY
0HONE BE AVAILABLE AT THE .ETWORKS "YRON
&AX "AY PREMISES
KASTOMGADEN SOLOMONCOMSB
4HE 0LANTING -ATERIAL .ETWORK IS AN
ASSOCIATION OF FARMERS AGRICULTURAL
EXTENSION AGENCIES AND NON
GOVERNMENT ORGANISATIONS ACTIVE IN
SEED SAVING AND AGRICULTURAL TRAINING
#/--5.)49 3%%$ 3!6).'! 3/54( 0!#)&)# 42!).%23 -!.5!,
#OMMUNITY SEED SAVING IS A KEY ELEMENT IN IMPROVING THE
SECURITY OF COMMUNITY FOOD SUPPLIES AND IN GIVING FARMERS
CONTROL OVER THEIR OWN SOURCE OF SEEDS
You might also like
- Nerd TheologyDocument6 pagesNerd TheologyAvantgardensNo ratings yet
- Nerd TheologyDocument6 pagesNerd TheologyAvantgardensNo ratings yet
- Nerd TheologyDocument6 pagesNerd TheologyAvantgardensNo ratings yet
- Local HarvestDocument138 pagesLocal HarvestAvantgardens100% (2)
- Andean Roots and TubersDocument255 pagesAndean Roots and TubersAvantgardens100% (2)
- The Gospel of SwadeshiDocument110 pagesThe Gospel of SwadeshiAvantgardens100% (1)
- John Michael Greer-Political Change Through Cultural MagicDocument11 pagesJohn Michael Greer-Political Change Through Cultural MagicAvantgardens100% (1)
- Managing Alternative PollinatorsDocument170 pagesManaging Alternative PollinatorsAvantgardens100% (2)
- E. F. Schumacher Society. The Community Land TrustDocument133 pagesE. F. Schumacher Society. The Community Land TrustAvantgardensNo ratings yet
- Super Bi ADocument241 pagesSuper Bi AHeidi ELmesiryNo ratings yet
- Companion Planting Guide From IDEPDocument1 pageCompanion Planting Guide From IDEPpermaMedia100% (3)
- Alternative Crop Field GuideDocument429 pagesAlternative Crop Field GuideAvantgardens100% (1)
- E. F. Schumacher Society. The Community Land TrustDocument133 pagesE. F. Schumacher Society. The Community Land TrustAvantgardensNo ratings yet
- The Future Eaters.Document58 pagesThe Future Eaters.Avantgardens100% (2)
- Manual of Seed Handling in GenebanksDocument163 pagesManual of Seed Handling in GenebanksAvantgardens100% (1)
- Bioshelters, Ocean Arks, City FarmingDocument222 pagesBioshelters, Ocean Arks, City FarmingAvantgardens100% (6)
- CSA Planning Part 1Document12 pagesCSA Planning Part 1AvantgardensNo ratings yet
- CSA and Associative EconomicsDocument2 pagesCSA and Associative EconomicsAvantgardensNo ratings yet
- Food Co-Ops ToolkitDocument150 pagesFood Co-Ops ToolkitAvantgardens100% (4)
- CSA - A Share in The HarvestDocument51 pagesCSA - A Share in The HarvestAvantgardens100% (1)
- Co Op VillageDocument302 pagesCo Op VillageAvantgardens100% (1)
- CSA Cultivating CooperativesDocument88 pagesCSA Cultivating CooperativesAvantgardens100% (9)
- Starting A Co-OperativeDocument12 pagesStarting A Co-OperativeAvantgardens100% (9)
- Community Land Trust - Practitioners GuideDocument48 pagesCommunity Land Trust - Practitioners GuideAvantgardens100% (1)
- The Community Land TrustDocument133 pagesThe Community Land TrustAvantgardens100% (5)
- Summary of Crop Timing Information: Only One Planting NR Not RecommendedDocument4 pagesSummary of Crop Timing Information: Only One Planting NR Not RecommendedAvantgardensNo ratings yet
- Blank CSA Planning Template TablesDocument5 pagesBlank CSA Planning Template TablesAvantgardensNo ratings yet
- The Class of The NewDocument115 pagesThe Class of The Newapi-3835858100% (1)
- CSA Setting Up Organic Buying GroupDocument8 pagesCSA Setting Up Organic Buying GroupAvantgardens100% (2)
- The Subtle Art of Not Giving a F*ck: A Counterintuitive Approach to Living a Good LifeFrom EverandThe Subtle Art of Not Giving a F*ck: A Counterintuitive Approach to Living a Good LifeRating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5 (5784)
- The Little Book of Hygge: Danish Secrets to Happy LivingFrom EverandThe Little Book of Hygge: Danish Secrets to Happy LivingRating: 3.5 out of 5 stars3.5/5 (399)
- Hidden Figures: The American Dream and the Untold Story of the Black Women Mathematicians Who Helped Win the Space RaceFrom EverandHidden Figures: The American Dream and the Untold Story of the Black Women Mathematicians Who Helped Win the Space RaceRating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5 (890)
- Shoe Dog: A Memoir by the Creator of NikeFrom EverandShoe Dog: A Memoir by the Creator of NikeRating: 4.5 out of 5 stars4.5/5 (537)
- Grit: The Power of Passion and PerseveranceFrom EverandGrit: The Power of Passion and PerseveranceRating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5 (587)
- Elon Musk: Tesla, SpaceX, and the Quest for a Fantastic FutureFrom EverandElon Musk: Tesla, SpaceX, and the Quest for a Fantastic FutureRating: 4.5 out of 5 stars4.5/5 (474)
- The Yellow House: A Memoir (2019 National Book Award Winner)From EverandThe Yellow House: A Memoir (2019 National Book Award Winner)Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5 (98)
- Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham LincolnFrom EverandTeam of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham LincolnRating: 4.5 out of 5 stars4.5/5 (234)
- Never Split the Difference: Negotiating As If Your Life Depended On ItFrom EverandNever Split the Difference: Negotiating As If Your Life Depended On ItRating: 4.5 out of 5 stars4.5/5 (838)
- The Emperor of All Maladies: A Biography of CancerFrom EverandThe Emperor of All Maladies: A Biography of CancerRating: 4.5 out of 5 stars4.5/5 (271)
- A Heartbreaking Work Of Staggering Genius: A Memoir Based on a True StoryFrom EverandA Heartbreaking Work Of Staggering Genius: A Memoir Based on a True StoryRating: 3.5 out of 5 stars3.5/5 (231)
- Devil in the Grove: Thurgood Marshall, the Groveland Boys, and the Dawn of a New AmericaFrom EverandDevil in the Grove: Thurgood Marshall, the Groveland Boys, and the Dawn of a New AmericaRating: 4.5 out of 5 stars4.5/5 (265)
- The Hard Thing About Hard Things: Building a Business When There Are No Easy AnswersFrom EverandThe Hard Thing About Hard Things: Building a Business When There Are No Easy AnswersRating: 4.5 out of 5 stars4.5/5 (344)
- On Fire: The (Burning) Case for a Green New DealFrom EverandOn Fire: The (Burning) Case for a Green New DealRating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5 (72)
- The World Is Flat 3.0: A Brief History of the Twenty-first CenturyFrom EverandThe World Is Flat 3.0: A Brief History of the Twenty-first CenturyRating: 3.5 out of 5 stars3.5/5 (2219)
- The Unwinding: An Inner History of the New AmericaFrom EverandThe Unwinding: An Inner History of the New AmericaRating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5 (45)
- The Gifts of Imperfection: Let Go of Who You Think You're Supposed to Be and Embrace Who You AreFrom EverandThe Gifts of Imperfection: Let Go of Who You Think You're Supposed to Be and Embrace Who You AreRating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5 (1090)
- The Sympathizer: A Novel (Pulitzer Prize for Fiction)From EverandThe Sympathizer: A Novel (Pulitzer Prize for Fiction)Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars4.5/5 (119)
- Her Body and Other Parties: StoriesFrom EverandHer Body and Other Parties: StoriesRating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5 (821)
- Human Reproduction SystemsDocument29 pagesHuman Reproduction SystemsSaku786No ratings yet
- Palm 2016Document13 pagesPalm 2016Boran KzNo ratings yet
- Asexual Reproduction WorksheetDocument2 pagesAsexual Reproduction WorksheetOsmany MadrigalNo ratings yet
- Final Lesson PlanDocument11 pagesFinal Lesson PlanSunny AmarNo ratings yet
- Learn How Evolution Shapes CommunitiesDocument33 pagesLearn How Evolution Shapes CommunitiesMichael Clinton DionedaNo ratings yet
- Animal RelationshipsDocument7 pagesAnimal RelationshipsnidhiNo ratings yet
- Gonad & GametogenesisDocument40 pagesGonad & GametogenesisAnggita DaniellaNo ratings yet
- Orca Share Media1643037284745 6891397855556482261Document20 pagesOrca Share Media1643037284745 6891397855556482261JA SonNo ratings yet
- Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya, Mysore, D. M. G. Halli: Biology Investigatory ProjectDocument13 pagesJawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya, Mysore, D. M. G. Halli: Biology Investigatory Project11th Batch LegendzNo ratings yet
- How flowers and pollinators coevolve to ensure reproductionDocument27 pagesHow flowers and pollinators coevolve to ensure reproductionAnny LovibNo ratings yet
- A Detailed Lesson Plan in (Teaching Science)Document8 pagesA Detailed Lesson Plan in (Teaching Science)Evan Jane Jumamil67% (3)
- Types of Reproduction: Sexual AsexualDocument45 pagesTypes of Reproduction: Sexual AsexualasdNo ratings yet
- Reproduction in Plants - Revision QuestionsDocument2 pagesReproduction in Plants - Revision Questionsradhika fomraNo ratings yet
- Camouflage Mechanisms in NatureDocument6 pagesCamouflage Mechanisms in NatureSteffi YakoffNo ratings yet
- A Newly Married Couple Does Not Want Have Children For Few YearsDocument6 pagesA Newly Married Couple Does Not Want Have Children For Few YearsSHILPA AGARWALNo ratings yet
- Notesand Worksheet of Selective BreedingDocument20 pagesNotesand Worksheet of Selective BreedingHiba WasimNo ratings yet
- Science 7 2nd Quarter Exam QuestionsDocument5 pagesScience 7 2nd Quarter Exam QuestionsMary Joy TibayNo ratings yet
- CLS Aipmt 18 19 XIII Bot Study Package 4 SET 1 Chapter 13Document20 pagesCLS Aipmt 18 19 XIII Bot Study Package 4 SET 1 Chapter 13Hemavarshini selvarajNo ratings yet
- Sex BettasDocument4 pagesSex BettaslabraxaslNo ratings yet
- Introduction to Plant Kingdom: Bryophytes Chapter 22Document19 pagesIntroduction to Plant Kingdom: Bryophytes Chapter 22Jorge ReyesNo ratings yet
- Five Types of Ecological RelationshipsDocument5 pagesFive Types of Ecological RelationshipsMikael TelenNo ratings yet
- Mycorrhizae: Fungi and Plant Root InteractionsDocument188 pagesMycorrhizae: Fungi and Plant Root InteractionsNathanael Alexis MilanesNo ratings yet
- Into The Jungle Chapter 3Document1 pageInto The Jungle Chapter 3Danny HartNo ratings yet
- MODULE 1FEMALE Reproductive SystemDocument3 pagesMODULE 1FEMALE Reproductive SystemHoney Lou SemblanteNo ratings yet
- ELS - Q2 - Week 3Document16 pagesELS - Q2 - Week 3Shekaina Faith Cuizon Lozada100% (1)
- MCQ BiologyDocument6 pagesMCQ BiologyMithun ChattapadhyayNo ratings yet
- Animal Science II #4Document56 pagesAnimal Science II #4Thanh Nguyen VanNo ratings yet
- AP Biology - Chapter 30 Discussion AnswersDocument3 pagesAP Biology - Chapter 30 Discussion Answersangel91me6371100% (6)
- Cycas PinusDocument6 pagesCycas PinusJhon SmithNo ratings yet
- CHAPTER - 12 REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS Galaxysite - WeeblyDocument12 pagesCHAPTER - 12 REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS Galaxysite - WeeblyChaithraNo ratings yet
