Method of Construction

( Stage & Process )

Construction method need to be taken consideration in establishment of

the building and it is based on design and build method . The
construction method can be broken down to each stage as given below :
Stage 1 : Conceptual Planning

Stage 2 : Preliminary Design

Stage 3 : Final Design

Stage 4 : Cost Estimate & Permits

Stage 5 : Construction

Stage 1 Conceptual Planning

Conceptual Development Plans guide the development of the building site. The
plan outlines site goals, development objectives, development research needs and
project phasing while taking into consideration the significant natural and cultural
resources of the building . The Conceptual Development Plan document consists of
both a written and a graphically illustrated plan.
On-Site Meeting
An initial meeting will be held on-site
with Conceptual Development Plan
(CDP) team members and the
concessionaire, if appropriate. The
purpose of this meeting is to
familiarize the team with the site's
mission, discuss current uses, identify
problems and potential resolutions
and discuss concepts for new
activities and facilities.
Public Meeting
A public meeting will be held to provide and receive pre-planning information. The
building Conceptual Development Plan Preamble will be presented at the meeting.
The public will be asked to identify issues related to development that they feel
need to be addressed.
Plan Implementation
Upon final approval of the Conceptual Development Plan, capital improvement
projects needed to implement the plan will be identified. A phasing plan will be
developed from the identified projects to provide an orderly execution of the
projects. The phasing plan will be made a part of the CDP.
All identified projects will be subjected to a rating system to determine their level
of importance. The rating system is used in developing the capital improvement
budget request in any given fiscal year. Projects will be carried out when funding
becomes available.

Stage 2 Preliminary design

Preliminary Design is the phase of the design process. A Project Manager is
assigned to the project and will coordinate a series of meetings with users and the
Design Team for information gathering. Users communicate specific requirements
and the Design Team will do field investigation regarding the layout of the existing
areas in question including building systems and their impact on the project.
The Design Team generates schemes based on
information gathered from Users and their field
investigation. Schemes will be reviewed by all
stakeholders and refined accordingly. This phase
of the project defines the design parameters and
the overall layout.
During this phase, the high-level design concept
is creates, which will implement the complex
electronics requirements. This design concept
may be expressed as functional block diagrams,
design and architecture descriptions, and
sketches.
The objective of the design phases is to create a design that will correctly and
completely implement the requirements. For the preliminary phase, the main goal
is to map out how the building will perform the functions specified in the
requirements, within the constraints of the device, the defined interfaces, and the
environment the device will operate within.
The focus of the preliminary design is to determine the approximate dimensions,
weight, force, load limits and other physical characteristics to the building . The
main areas of concern are the wing area, and span . Routines are modeled based on
the conceptual design; carefully consider the specific needs of competition.

Stage 3 Final Design

The purpose of this phase is to produce the building construction contract
documents for use in soliciting bids from prospective contractors and moving the
project to the Construction Phase. Final Design includes the following major
element including continued advancement and completion of engineering design
tasks initiated during the preliminary design phase .
This also include project contract documents (Plans, Specifications, Construction
Schedule and Construction Cost Estimate) to obtain bids from prospective
contractors and environmental reevaluations, permits and clearance .
During the final design stage the detailed architectural and engineering drawings
(the blueprints) of all physical components of the project are produced. In some
complex projects, it is necessary to prepare in addition a written final design report.
This summarizes the facility as designed.

Virtually all design problems must have been resolved before the end of the final
design stage. Sufficient detail must be provided by the drawings and the report to
allow reasonably accurate estimates of construction and operating costs, as well as
the construction scheduling.
All revisions to construction materials, machinery, and equipment specifications
are made. The updated schedule, cost estimates and specifications are contained in
the final design report.

Once again, it is necessary to verify at the end of the final design stage that the
project remains economically viable. If, by some chance it is not, then a decision
must be made to revise design solutions or the original concepts, or perhaps
terminate the project.
Although it is an apparent and obvious assumption, it must be pointed out that any
changes at this stage are most costly. Final design is the most expensive of the
planning processes. It is therefore important that complete and detailed attention is
given throughout final design.
If final design drawings have to be substantially changed or repeated, the costs are
disproportionately high compared with the costs of the originals.

Stage 4 Cost Estimate

This process re-evaluates all the major cost centres in the project to determine if
the most cost effective design solutions have been used. The most problematic cost
centre is often the water delivery system to the site. A small team is assembled,
representing the major engineering disciplines, architecture, and biology.
It is important that these individuals
are familiar with aquaculture
projects, but were not participants in
the design. They are supplied with
all records of the project from
concept through design. The
objective is to verify that the project
meets operational criteria, and
optimizes cost efficiency both in
construction and system operation.
It can result in considerable cost savings to the project by discovering
inconsistencies between operational requirements and design solutions.
Recommendations made by the value engineering team should be incorporated into
the final design as necessary. Cost estimate of the building include :
1.Quantity Take off : The foundation for a successful estimate relies upon reliable
identification (takeoff) of the quantities of the various materials involved
2.Material Prices: Material prices, especially in today's current market, fluctuate
up and down. The estimator must both understand and anticipate the frequency and
extent of the price variations and the timing of the buying cycle.
3.Equipment Costs: Equipment rates depend on the project conditions to
determine the correct size or capacity of equipment required to perform the work.
When interfacing with other equipment, cycle times and equipment capacity
control the costs
4.Subcontractor Quotes: A subcontractor quote, like the general estimate,
contains labor, material, equipment, indirect costs, and profit. It is dependent upon
having the quantities, labor hours, hourly rate, etc., prepared in a reliable manner
just like any other part of an estimate.

Stage 5 Construction
The construction phase is the period during which the Contractor or Principal
Contractor (for notifiable project only) takes possession of the construction site to
carry out the path construction and related feature works. When the works are
complete, the site is handed back to the client.
The construction phase does not tend to involve the Client as much on a day to day
basis, and the majority of actions and responsibilities, lie with other parties,
namely, the Project Manager (Clients representative), Designer, Clerk of Works,
CDM Co-ordinator, Principal Contractor or Contractor, and if required Subcontractors.
Once the Contractor has been appointed, they will commence the mobilisation
stage of construction phase, if required appointing Sub-contractors to complete
elements of work, and commencing site set up (welfare facilities, etc).
At this point the Project Manager will arrange the pre-start meeting, and check that
the Contractors insurances are in place. The CDM Co-ordinator will ensure that the
Principal Contractors construction phase health and safety plan and welfare
facilities are in place before site works commence.
During the Construction phase, the Contractor has the major responsibility in
planning and execution the path construction and any related feature works,
including managing, controlling and monitoring health and safety matters on site,
based on their construction phase health and safety plan.