You are on page 1of 5

NeoScope sourceless formation evaluation while drilling

Drilling Environment Measurements


Track 10 Borehole Enlargement
Track 11 Borehole Shape
Track 12 Drilling Mechanics

Sourceless PNG-Based SNGD, Neutron Porosity,


Spectroscopy, and Sigma Measurements
Track 13
Track 14
Track 15
Track 16
Track 17
Track 18
Track 19

Mineralogy Dry Weight Proportions


Spectroscopy Quality Indicator
Formation Sigma
Sigma Quality Indicator
Density Neutron Porosity
Neutron Gamma Density Quality Indicator
Thermal Neutron Porosity Quality Indicator

0
MD, ft

X,200

X,250

X,300

X,350

Integrated Sourceless Measurement Interpretation


X,400

Track 20 Water Saturation


Track 21 Saturation Quality Indicator
Track 22 Volumetric Proportions
Track 23 Permeability
Track 24 Perforated Interval
Track 25 Flow Profile

X,450

X,500

X,550

X,600

X,650

Gamma Ray, Average


gAPI
150

ROP Averaged Over Last 5 ft U


ft/h
250
0 0

Gamma Ray Image


gAPI

Borehole Shape 3D
4.125
6.03028

Image Orientation,
R
D
L
90
180
270

Orientation,
U

U
360

L
270

R
90

Phase Shift Resistivity, 40-in spacing


0.2

2,000 0.2

Flushed Zone Resistivity


ohm.m
2,000
Formation Resistivity
ohm.m

2,000

Phase Shift Resistivity, 34-in spacing Attenuation Resistivity, 40-in spacing


ohm.m
2,000
0.2
2,000 0.2

Invasion
Mudcake/Enlargement

Phase Shift Resistivity, 28-in spacing Attenuation Resistivity, 22-in spacing Ultrasonic Caliper Average
in
ohm.m
50
2,000 0.2
2,000 0

0.2

Phase Shift Resistivity, 22-in spacing Phase Shift Resistivity, 22-in spacing
ohm.m
0.2
2,000 0.2
2,000 0
Phase Shift Resistivity, 16-in spacing Phase Shift Resistivity, 16-in spacing
0.2

2,000 0.2

ohm.m

2,000 0

Bit Size
in

50

Invasion Diameter
in

50

Collar
Rotational Speed
250
rpm
Shock Peak
50
gn

Dry Weight Fraction of


Anhydrite
Dry Weight Fraction of Siderite

0
Ultrasonic Caliper,
Dry Weight Fraction of Pyrite
Horizontal Diameter
Downhole Annular
in
15
0
Temperature
Dry Weight Fraction of
Mudcake/Enlargement
Carbonate
deg/f
Ultrasonic Caliper,
140
180
Vertical Diameter
Downhole Annular
Dry Weight Fraction of
in
0
15
Bit Size
Pressure
Quartz, Feldspar, and Mica
Bit Size
in
4,000
6,000
7
12
psi
Dry Weight Fraction of Clay
in
15
0
Equivalent
Ultrasonic Caliper
Circulating Density
Bit Size
Average
Dry
Weight Fraction of Coal
lbm/galUS
in
15 5
7
12 0
15
in

Grain Sigma from


Elemental Spectroscopy
cu
50

Formation Sigma, Average


cu
50

Grain Density from


Elemental Spectroscopy
g/cm3
1.95
2.95
Neutron Gamma Density, Average
g/cm3
1.95
2.95
Best Neutron Porosity, Average
pu
45
-15

Volumetric Proportions
ft3/ft3

Volume Fraction of Bound Water


in Undisturbed Zone

Bound Water Saturation


Irreducible Water
Saturation
Total Water
Saturation
Bound Water
Saturation
0
ft3/ft3
1
Irreducible Water
Saturation
0
1
ft3/ft3

Total Water
Saturation
ft3/ft3

Saturation Quality Indicator

6.03028

200 0.2

Neutron Gamma Density Quality Indicator


Best Neutron Porosity Quality Indicator

0.02

Dry Weight Proportions


0

Sigma Quality Indicator

80.00

Attenuation Resistivity, 22-in spacing


0.02
200
Attenuation Resistivity, 16-in spacing

Resistivity Quality Indicator

20.00

Ultrasonic Quality Indicator

Attenuation Resistivity, 40-in spacing


0.02
200
Attenuation Resistivity, 34-in spacing
0.02
200
Attenuation Resistivity, 28-in spacing
0.02
200

Spectroscopy Quality Indicator

Gamma Ray, Average


Gamma Ray Image
Gamma Ray Quality Indicator
Borehole shape
Ultrasonic Quality Indicator
Phase Shift & Attenuation Resistivities
Flushed Zone/Formation Resistivity
Invasion Profile
Resistivity Quality Indicator

Gamma Ray Quality Indicator

Track 1
Track 2
Track 3
Track 4
Track 5
Track 6
Track 7
Track 8
Track 9

Integrated Sourceless
Measurement Interpretation

Sourceless PNG-Based SNGD, Neutron Porosity,


Spectroscopy, and Sigma Measurements

Drilling Environment
Measurements

Volume Fraction of Irreducible Water


in Undisturbed Zone
Volume Fraction of Water
in Undisturbed Zone
Volume Fraction of Hydrocarbon
in Undisturbed Zone
Volume Fraction of Siderite
Volume Fraction of Pyrite
Volume Fraction of Carbonate
Volume Fraction of Quartz,
Feldspar, Mica
Volume Fraction of Clay
Volume Fraction of Coal

Effective Permeability
to Hydrocarbon

Perforated Interval

Gamma Ray, Ultrasonic Caliper, and


Propagation Resistivity Measurements

Gamma Ray, Ultrasonic Caliper, and


Propagation Resistivity Measurements

Intrinsic Permeability
Effective Permeability
to Hydrocarbon
mD
10,000
0.01
Intrinsic Permeability
mD
10,000
0.01

Flow Profile
0

0.6

Cumulative Fractional
Flow of Hydrocarbons
Cumulative Fractional
Flow of Water

Gamma Ray, Ultrasonic Caliper, and Propagation Resistivity Measurements


Azimuthal natural gamma ray

Track 1
Gamma Ray

Total gamma ray measurement


acquired using a large, shielded
detector with high azimuthal
sensitivity for delivery of gamma
ray image.

Track 2
Gamma Ray Image

Track 7
Flushed Zone/Formation Resistivity

Track 8
Invasion Profile

Propagation resistivity
0
MD, ft

Gamma Ray, Average


gAPI
150

ROP Averaged Over Last 5 ft U


ft/h
250
0 0

80.00

6.03028

Gamma Ray Image


gAPI

Borehole Shape 3D
4.125
6.03028

Image Orientation,
R
D
L
90
180
270

Orientation,
U

U
360

L
270

R
90

Attenuation Resistivity, 22-in spacing


0.02
200
Attenuation Resistivity, 16-in spacing
0.02

200 0.2

Phase Shift Resistivity, 40-in spacing


0.2

2,000 0.2

Flushed Zone Resistivity


ohm.m
2,000
Formation Resistivity
ohm.m

2,000

Phase Shift Resistivity, 34-in spacing Attenuation Resistivity, 40-in spacing


ohm.m
2,000
0.2
2,000 0.2

Invasion
Mudcake/Enlargement

Phase Shift Resistivity, 28-in spacing Attenuation Resistivity, 22-in spacing Ultrasonic Caliper Average
in
ohm.m
50
0.2
2,000 0.2
2,000 0
Phase Shift Resistivity, 22-in spacing Phase Shift Resistivity, 22-in spacing
ohm.m
0.2
2,000 0.2
2,000 0
Phase Shift Resistivity, 16-in spacing Phase Shift Resistivity, 16-in spacing
0.2

2,000 0.2

ohm.m

2,000 0

Bit Size
in

50

Invasion Diameter
in

50

X,200

Annular pressure
Measured by a pressure transducer
in the tool, allowing effective mud
weights to be monitored for borehole
stability applications.
X,250

X,300

X,350

X,400

X,450

X,500

X,550

X,600

X,650

Track 1
Gamma Ray

Track 2
Gamma Ray Image

Track 4
Borehole Shape

Resistivity Quality Indicator

20.00

Ultrasonic Quality Indicator

Determined by two 180-opposed


ultrasonic transducers located just
above the stabilizer to measure
borehole diameter, acquiring
16-sector image of the borehole
shape while rotating.

Gamma Ray Quality Indicator

Attenuation Resistivity, 40-in spacing


0.02
200
Attenuation Resistivity, 34-in spacing
0.02
200
Attenuation Resistivity, 28-in spacing
0.02
200

Azimuthal ultrasonic caliper

Includes borehole-compensated phase


shift and attenuation resistivities at
two frequencies and five spacings
with measurements updated every
2 seconds.

Track 6
Phase Shift & Attenuation
Resistivities

Track 4
Borehole Shape

Track 6
Phase Shift & Attenuation
Resistivities

Track 7
Flushed Zone/Formation Resistivity

Track 8
Invasion Profile

ttenuation Resistivity, 40-in spacing


Mudcake/Enlargement
Three-axis
ohm.m shock-and-vibration
2
2,000

measurements
ttenuation
Resistivity, 22-in spacing Ultrasonic Caliper Average
in
ohm.m axial, lateral,
50
2
2,000 0and torsional
Measures

hase Shift
Resistivity,
22-in spacing
Bit Size
shock
amplitude,
shock frequency,
0
50
ohm.m
2
2,000
and vibrational energy to which thein
hase Shift
Resistivity,
16-in spacing
Invasion Diameter
collar
is subjected.
MD, ft
ohm.m
50
2
2,000 0
in

Resistivity Quality Indicator

locatedResistivity
near the base of the tool.
Formation
Invasion
ohm.m
2,000

Flushed Zone Resistivity


ohm.m
2,000

Neutron Gamma Density Quality Indicator


Best Neutron Porosity Quality Indicator

Flushed Zone Resistivity


Derived
by a single-axis
ohm.m
2,000 accelerometer

Attenuation Resistivity, 40-in spacing


0.02
200
Attenuation Resistivity, 34-in spacing
0.02
200
Attenuation Resistivity, 28-in spacing
0.02
200
Dry Weight Proportions
Attenuation Resistivity, 22-in spacing
0
1
0.02
200
Collar
Dry Weight Fraction
of
Attenuation Resistivity, 16-in spacing
Rotational Speed
Anhydrite
0.02
200 0.2
250
rpm
Dry
Weight
Fraction
of
Siderite
Phase Shift Resistivity, 40-in spacing
Shock Peak

Sigma Quality Indicator

Near-bit inclination

Track 12
Drilling Mechanics

Spectroscopy Quality Indicator

Measured at same point as annular


pressure, providing insight into mud
condition, temperature experienced
by the LWD tool, and operating
temperature for environmental
correction of formation measurements.

Track 11
Borehole Shape

Ultrasonic Quality Indicator

Track 10
Borehole Enlargement

Gamma Ray Quality Indicator

Annular temperature

Resistivity Quality Indicator

Drilling Environment Measurements

Bound Water Saturat

Irreducible Water
Saturation
Total Water
Invasion
Saturation

Formation Resistivity
ohm.m
0.2
2,000
0.2
2,000
50
gn
0
Ultrasonic Caliper,
Dry Weight Fraction of Pyrite
Horizontal Diameter
Phase Shift Resistivity, 34-in spacing Attenuation Resistivity, 40-in spacing
Bound Water
Downhole Annular
Mudcake/Enlargement
in
Saturation
15
0
Temperature
ohm.m
0.2
2,000
0.2
2,000
Dry Weight Fraction of
6.03028
20.00 Caliper,
Grain Density from Ultrasonic Caliper
Mudcake/Enlargement
CarbonatePhase Shift Resistivity, 28-in spacing Attenuation Resistivity,
deg/f 0 180
Ultrasonic
ft3/ft3
1
140 80.00
Average
22-in spacing
Elemental Spectroscopy
Vertical Diameter
Downhole Annular
in Irreducible50Water
Dry Weight
ohm.m
0
0.2 of
2,000 0.2
Borehole Shape
3D Fraction
g/cm3 2,000 2.95
1.95
inGamma Ray
Saturation
0
15 Image Pressure
Bit Size
Grain Sigma from
Quartz,
Feldspar,
and
Mica
Gamma Ray, Average
Phase Shift Resistivity,
22-in spacing
Phase Shift Neutron
Resistivity,
22-inDensity,
spacing
Bit Size
4.125
6.03028
gAPI
7
Elemental
Spectroscopy
Gamma
Average
1
ft3/ft3
Bit Size
in
7
12
4,000
6,000
psi
0
gAPI
150
in
50
ohm.m
0.2of Clay
2,000
0.2
3 2,000 0
Dry
Weight
Fraction
Orientation,
Image
Orientation,
cu
g/cm
0
50
1.95
2.95
in
15
0
Equivalent
Total Water
Ultrasonic Caliper
Phase Shift Resistivity, 16-in spacing
Phase Shift Resistivity,
16-inSigma,
spacing
ROP Averaged
L
U
R
R
D
L
U Density
Circulating
Saturation
Best Neutron Porosity, Average Invasion Diameter
Formation
Average
Average Over Last 5 ft U Bit Size
Dry
Weight
Fraction
of
Coal
ft/h
ohm.m
3
270
90
7
0
0.2
2,000
0.2
2,000
0
90
180
270
360
in
0
lbm/galUS
pu
cu
in
ft3/ft50
45
-15
0
50
0
15
7 250
12
5
15
1
in

X,200

X,250

X,300

X,350

X,400

X,450

X,500

X,550

X,600

X,650

Track 10
Borehole Enlargement

Track 11
Borehole Shape

Track 12
Drilling Mechanics

Sourceless PNG-Based SNGD, Neutron-Porosity, Spectroscopy, and Sigma Measurements

while drilling.

Neutron-gamma density
Using the pulsed neutron generator
(PNG) and a series of detectors, the
NeoScope tool determines sourceless neutron-gamma density (SNGD)
from the gamma rays induced by the
interaction of high-energy neutrons
with the formation. SNGD can replace
the traditional gamma-gamma-density
measurement, allowing conventional
formation evaluation without the use
of a nuclear source.

X,200

X,250

Thermal-neutron porosity
Using high-energy PNG neutrons with
a higher count rate than traditional
chemical nuclear sources and the
series of NeoScope detectors enables
determination of the formation
hydrogen index (HI). The high-energy
neutrons are slowed down by
hydrogen atoms in the formation. The
neutron measurements use the count
rates from the near and far helium-3
tubes to determine thermal neutron
porosity and HI. The HI measurement
is less sensitive to environmental
conditions than the corresponding
thermal neutron porosity measurement.

X,300

X,350

X,400

X,450

X,500

X,550

X,600

X,650

Track 13
Mineralogy Dry Weight
Proportions

Track 15
Formation Sigma

Track 17
Density Neutron Porosity

Volume Fraction of Bound Water


in Undisturbed Zone
Volume Fraction of Irreducible Water
in Undisturbed Zone
Volume Fraction of Water
in Undisturbed Zone
Flushed
Zone Resistivity
Volume
Fraction
of Hydrocarbon
ohm.m
0.2
in Undisturbed
Zone 2,000

Attenuation Resistivity, 22-in spacing


0.02
200
Bound Water Saturation
Attenuation Resistivity, 16-in spacing
Irreducible Water
0.02
200
Saturation
Phase Shift Resistivity,
40-in
spacing
Total Water
0.2
Saturation 2,000 0.2

Phase Shift Resistivity,


spacing
Bound34-in
Water
Saturation 2,000
0.2
0
6.03028
3 3
Grain Density
from
0
/ft spacing
Phase Shift 1Resistivity,ft 28-in
Elemental Spectroscopy
Irreducible
Water
0.2
2,000
3
Borehole
Shape
g/cm3D
1.95
2.95
Saturation
Phase Shift Resistivity, 322-in
spacing
4.125
0
Neutron Gamma6.03028
Density, Average
1
ft /ft3
0.2
2,000
g/cm3
1.95Orientation,
2.95
Total Water
Phase Shift Resistivity,
16-in spacing
L Best Neutron
U Porosity,R Average
Saturation
3 3
27045
90
0.2
2,000
pu
ft /ft
-15
1
0

Volumetric Proportions
ft3/ft3

Formation
Resistivity
Volume
Fraction
of Siderite
ohm.m
2,000

Invasion

Resistivity Quality Indicator

Ultrasonic Caliper,
Dry Weight Fraction of Pyrite
Horizontal Diameter
Downhole Annular
Sigma
in
15
0
Temperature
Dry Weight Fraction of
20.00
80.00
ke/Enlargement
Carbonate
deg/f
Ultrasonic
Caliper,
140
180
Sigma, which is primarily sensitive
Vertical Diameter
Downhole Annular
Dry Weight Fraction of
to the presence of chlorine, is used
Gamma Ray Image
in
0
15
Bit Size
Grain Sigma from
Pressure
Quartz,
Feldspar,
and Mica
to provide a resistivity-independent
Gamma
Ray, Average
gAPI
Elemental
Spectroscopy
Bit
Size
in
12
4,000
6,000
psi
0Dry Weight gAPI
150
formation saturation evaluation, to
Fraction
of
Clay
Image
Orientation,
cu
0
50
in
15
0
Equivalent
sonic Caliper
distinguish formation
fluids,
and
to
ROP
Averaged
Over
Last
5
ft
U
R
D
L
U
Circulating Density
Formation Sigma, Average
Bit Size
Average
MD, ft
identify
pay 15
zones
Dry Weight Fraction
of Coal 0 0 0 90
ft/h
180cu 270 36050
lbm/galUS
in
12 0low-resistivity
5
15 250
in

Saturation Quality Indicator

50

Neutron Gamma Density Quality Indicator


Best Neutron Porosity Quality Indicator

Dry Weight Fraction of Siderite

Gamma Ray Quality Indicator


Sigma Quality Indicator

Shock Peak
gn

Attenuation Resistivity, 40-in spacing


0.02
200
Attenuation Resistivity, 34-in spacing
0.02
200
Attenuation Resistivity, 28-in spacing
0.02
200

Spectroscopy Quality Indicator

Spectroscopy data are acquired by


a short-spaced gamma-ray detector
performing a spectral analysis.
Spectroscopy computations are
performed downhole, allowing realtime identification of the elemental
composition of the formation, formation
Dry Weight Proportions
grain nuclear response, and lithology
0
1
determination. Volumetric lithology Collar
Dry Weight Fraction of
Rotational Speed
quantification is important for accurate
Anhydrite
0
250
rpm
porosity and saturation determination.

Track 17
Density Neutron Porosity

Track 15
Formation Sigma

Ultrasonic Quality Indicator

Track 13
Mineralogy Dry Weight
Proportions

Spectroscopy

Effective Permeability
Volume
Fraction40-in
of Pyrite
Attenuation
Resistivity,
spacing
Mudcake/Enlargement
to Hydrocarbon
ohm.m
0.2
2,000
Volume Fraction of Carbonate
Caliper
Average
Intrinsic
Permeability
Attenuation Resistivity, 22-in spacing Ultrasonic
in
50
0.2
2,000 0
Volume ohm.m
Fraction of Quartz,
Effective Permeability
Feldspar,
Mica
Phase Shift Resistivity, 22-in spacing
BitHydrocarbon
Size
to
7
in
0
50 0.01
ohm.m
0.2
2,000
mD
10,000
Volume Fraction of Clay
Phase Shift Resistivity, 16-in spacing
Invasion
Diameter
Intrinsic
Permeability
Volume
Fraction of Coal2,000 0
ohm.m
7
50 0.01
0.2
in mD
10,000

Integrated Sourceless Measurement Interpretation

Grain Sigma from


emental Spectroscopy
cu
50

rmation Sigma, Average


cu
50

Track 22
Volumetric Proportions

Neutron Gamma Density, Average


g/cm3
1.95
2.95
Best Neutron Porosity, Average
MD, ft
pu
45
-15

Attenuation Resistivity, 40-in spacing


0.02
200
Attenuation Resistivity, 34-in spacing
0.02
200
Attenuation Resistivity, 28-in spacing
0.02
200

Volume Fraction of Bound Water


in Undisturbed Zone

Irreducible Water
Saturation
Total Water
Saturation

Volume Fraction of Irreducible Water


in Undisturbed Zone
Volume Fraction of Water
in Undisturbed Zone
Volume Fraction of Hydrocarbon
in Undisturbed Zone

Bound Water
Saturation
0
ft3/ft3
1
Irreducible Water
Saturation
Gamma
Ray, Average
0
1
ft3/ft3
0
gAPI
150
Total Water
ROP Saturation
Averaged Over Last 5 ft
0
ft3/ft3ft/h
1 250
0

Volume Fraction of Siderite


Volume Fraction of Pyrite
20.00 Fraction of Carbonate
80.00
Volume
Volume
Fraction
Quartz,
Gamma
Ray of
Image
Feldspar, Mica
gAPI
Volume
of Clay
ImageFraction
Orientation,
U
R
D
L
U
Volume
Fraction
of
Coal
0
90
180
270 360

Ultrasonic Quality Indicator

Bound Water Saturation

Saturation Quality Indicator

Grain Density from


Elemental Spectroscopy
g/cm3
1.95
2.95

Neutron Gamma Density Quality Indicator


Best Neutron Porosity Quality Indicator

Sigma Quality Indicator

Track 25
Flow Profile

Effective Permeability
to Hydrocarbon
0
6.03028
Intrinsic Permeability

Borehole
3D
EffectiveShape
Permeability
4.125 to Hydrocarbon
6.03028
mD
10,000 Orientation,
L IntrinsicUPermeability
R
270
90
mD
10,000

Attenuation Resistivity, 22-in spacing


0.02
200
Attenuation Resistivity, 16-in spacing
200 0.2

0.02

Phase Shift Resistivity, 40-in spacing


2,000 0.2

0.2

Phase Shift Resistivity, 28-in spacing


Flow Profile
2,000
0
0.6
Phase Shift Resistivity, 22-in spacing
Cumulative Fractional
0.2
2,000
0.01
Flow of Hydrocarbons
Phase Shift Resistivity, 16-in spacing
Cumulative Fractional
2,000
Flow of Water
0.010.2

X,200

X,250

X,300

X,350

X,250

X,400

X,450

X,300

X,500

X,550

X,350

X,600

X,650

Track 20
Water Saturation

Track 22
Volumetric Proportions

Track 23
Permeability

Flushed Zone Resistivity


ohm.m
2,000
Formation Resistivity
ohm.m

2,000

Phase Shift Resistivity, 34-in spacing Attenuation Resistivity, 40-in spacing


ohm.m
2,000
0.2
2,000 0.2
0.2

Track 25
Flow Profile

Resistivity Quality Indicator

Volumetric Proportions
ft3/ft3

Track 23
Permeability

Perforated Interval

Track 20
Water Saturation

Gamma Ray Quality Indicator

NeoScope interpretation system allows


visualization of the complete suite of
measurements in a single workspace
that combines 2D and 3D information.

Invasion
Mudcake/Enlargement

Attenuation Resistivity, 22-in spacing Ultrasonic Caliper Average


in
ohm.m
50
2,000 0

0.2

Phase Shift Resistivity, 22-in spacing


ohm.m
0.2
2,000 0
Phase Shift Resistivity, 16-in spacing
0.2

ohm.m

2,000 0

Bit Size
in

50

Invasion Diameter
in

50

You might also like