Professional Documents
Culture Documents
I n t e r n a t i o n a l
Te l e c o m m u n i c a t i o n
Measuring
Information
Society
Printed in Switzerland
Geneva, 2013
ISBN 978-92-61-14401-2
Photo credits: Shutterstock
the
*38501*
U n i o n
2013
I n t e r n a t i o n a l
T e l e c o m m u n i c a t i o n
U n i o n
Measuring
Information
THE
Society
2013
2013 ITU
International Telecommunication Union
Place des Nations
CH-1211 Geneva Switzerland
Original language of publication: English.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form
or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the
International Telecommunication Union.
ISBN 978-92-61-14401-2
ii
Foreword
I am pleased to present to you the 2013 edition of Measuring the Information Society (MIS).
Now in its fifth year, this annual report identifies key ICT developments and tracks the cost
and affordability of ICT services, in accordance with internationally agreed methodologies.
Its core feature is the ICT Development Index (IDI), which ranks countries performance
with regard to ICT infrastructure and uptake. The report aims to provide an objective
international performance evaluation based on quantitative indicators and benchmarks,
as an essential input to the ICT policy debate in ITU Member States. The 2013 edition also
presents the latest results of the ICT Price Basket (IPB), and the first complete price data
set for mobile-broadband services; the first-ever model to measure the worlds digital
native population; and a quantitative assessment of recent digital TV broadcasting trends.
Over 250 million people came online over the last year, and almost 40 per cent of the
worlds population will be using the Internet by end 2013. Mobile technology and services
continue to be the key driver of the information society, and the number of mobilebroadband subscriptions is close to 2 billion. Mobile-broadband networks are allowing more people to connect to highspeed networks and benefit from a growing number of applications and services. While both fixed- and mobile-broadband
speeds continue to increase, the price of services is falling and ICTs are becoming more affordable: in the space of four years,
fixed-broadband prices have dropped by an impressive 82 per cent.
At the same time, the report also shows that ICT uptake remains limited in many developing countries, and particularly in
the worlds least connected countries (LCCs) a group of 39 countries (home to 2.4 billion people) with particularly low
levels of ICT development. In this group of countries, ICTs can become key enablers for achieving international and national
development goals and have the greatest development impact, and more policy attention needs to be directed towards them.
Young people all over the world are the most active users of ICTs. For the first time, a model has been developed to estimate
the number of digital natives - the young people with solid ICT experience who are drivers of the information society. While
30 per cent of the youth population are digital natives today, the report shows that within the next five years, the digital
native population in the developing world is expected to double.
The report also sheds new light on the latest digital TV broadcasting trends, another key driving force of the growing
information society. The TV industry has undergone an important shift during the past few years and, in 2012, the number
of households with digital TV overtook the number of households with analogue TV. This achievement reinforces the dual
role of TV broadcasts: fulfilling some of the public services associated with communications and being a major market for
private content creators, distributors and networks.
I trust that the data and analysis contained in this report will be of great value to the ITU membership, including policymakers, the ICT industry and others working towards building an inclusive global information society.
Brahima Sanou
Director
Telecommunication Development Bureau (BDT)
International Telecommunication Union
iii
Acknowledgements
The 2013 edition of Measuring the Information Society was prepared by the ICT Data and Statistics Division within the
Telecommunication Development Bureau of ITU. The team included Susan Teltscher (Head of Division), Vanessa Gray,
Esperanza Magpantay, Doris Olaya and Ivan Vallejo. The following consultants to ITU provided substantive inputs: Lisa
Kreuzenbeck, Michael Best (Chapter 4), and Simon Murray (Chapter 5). Fernando Callorda, Diana Korka, Christoph Stork and
Shazna Zuhely contributed to the compilation of data sets on prices. Helpful inputs and suggestions were received from
the following ITU colleagues: Istvan Bozoski, Pham Hai, Aurora Rubio, Sameer Sharma, Anne Rita Ssemboga and Marcelino
Tayob. The work was carried out under the overall direction of Cosmas Zavazava, Chief, Project Support and Knowledge
Management Department, Telecommunication Development Bureau.
The report includes data from Digital TV Research, Eurostat, OECD, IMF, UNCTAD, the UNESCO Institute for Statistics, the
United Nations Population Division and the World Bank, which is greatly acknowledged.
ITU also appreciates the cooperation of countries that have provided data included in this report.
The report was edited by Anthony Pitt and Bruce Granger, ITU English Translation Section. The desktop publishing was
carried out by Nathalie Delmas, and the cover was designed by Cline Dsthomas. Administrative support was provided
by Herawasih Yasandikusuma.
Table of contents
Foreword.................................................................................................................................................................................................................iii
Acknowledgements.............................................................................................................................................................................................v
Table of contents................................................................................................................................................................................................ vii
Chapter 1. Introduction.......................................................................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Recent trends in ICT developments ...........................................................................................................................................................................1
1.2 Overview of the report...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 13
Chapter 2. The ICT Development Index (IDI)............................................................................................................................................17
2.1 Introduction to the IDI....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 17
2.2 Global IDI analysis................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 22
2.3 Monitoring the digital divide: developed, developing and least connected countries........................................................... 39
2.4 IDI sub-indices: access, use and skills....................................................................................................................................................................... 44
2.5 Regional IDI analysis............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 53
Chapter 3. Measuring the cost and affordability of broadband .......................................................................................................77
3.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 77
3.2 Fixed-broadband prices ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 78
3.3 Mobile-broadband prices................................................................................................................................................................................................ 92
3.4 Comparison of mobile-broadband with fixed-broadband and mobile-cellular prices......................................................... 105
3.5 The mobile-broadband sub-basket....................................................................................................................................................................... 110
Chapter 4. Measuring the worlds digital natives.................................................................................................................................127
4.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 127
4.2 Review of the literature.................................................................................................................................................................................................. 129
4.3 Quantifying digital natives........................................................................................................................................................................................... 138
4.4 Analysis of the results...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 140
4.5 Conclusions........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 156
vii
viii
List of charts
1.1 Global ICT developments, 2003-2013............................................................................................................................................................................. 2
1.2 Active mobile-broadband subscriptions, world and by level of development, 2007-2013, penetration (left) and
annual growth (right)................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 2
1.3 Active mobile-broadband subscriptions, by region and level of development, 2013..................................................................... 3
1.4 Mobile data traffic, 2012-2017 (forecasts), total (left) and by end-user device (right)....................................................................... 4
1.5 Fixed (wired)-broadband subscriptions, world and by level of development, 2003-2013, penetration (left) and
annual growth (right)................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 4
1.6 Fixed (wired)-broadband subscriptions, by region and level of development, 2013........................................................................ 5
1.7 Telecommunication revenues, world and by level of development, 2007-2011, total in USD (left) and annual
growth (right)................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 6
1.8 Annual investment (CAPEX) of telecommunication operators, world and by level of development, 2007-2011,
total in USD (left) and annual growth (right).............................................................................................................................................................. 7
1.9 Households with Internet access, world and by level of development, 2003-2013, penetration (left) and annual
growth (right)................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 8
1.10 Households with Internet access, by region and level of development, 2013...................................................................................... 8
1.11 Households with a TV, a computer and Internet, by level of development, 2012.............................................................................. 9
1.12 Individuals using the Internet, world and by level of development, 2003-2013, penetration (left) and annual
growth (right)...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................10
1.13 Individuals using the Internet, by region and level of development, 2013...........................................................................................10
2.1 IDI, world and by level of development.......................................................................................................................................................................40
2.2 IDI access sub-index, world and by level of development...............................................................................................................................40
2.3 IDI use sub-index, world and by level of development.....................................................................................................................................40
2.4 IDI skills sub-inde, world and by level of development.....................................................................................................................................40
2.5 IDI and GNI per capita.............................................................................................................................................................................................................43
2.6 IDI and IPB.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................44
2.7 Countries with a national broadband plan................................................................................................................................................................49
2.8 IDI ranges and averages, by region, 2012....................................................................................................................................................................53
2.9 IDI values compared with the global, regional and developing/developed-country averages, Africa, 2012..................57
2.10 Mobile-cellular telephone subscriptions, Africa, 2011 and 2012.................................................................................................................59
2.11 IDI values compared with the global, regional and developing/developed-country averages, Arab States, 2012.....59
ix
2.12 Individuals using the Internet, Arab States, 2011 and 2012............................................................................................................................62
2.13 IDI values compared with the global, regional and developing/developed-country averages, Asia and the
Pacific, 2012....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................62
2.14 Mobile-cellular telephone subscriptions, Asia and the Pacific, 2011 and 2012..................................................................................64
2.15 IDI values compared with the global, regional and developing/developed-country averages, CIS, 2012........................65
2.16 Households with Internet access, CIS, 2011 and 2012........................................................................................................................................66
2.17 IDI values compared with the global, regional and developing/developed-country averages, Europe, 2012..............67
2.18 Wireless-broadband subscriptions, Europe, 2011 and 2012...........................................................................................................................69
2.19 IDI values compared with the global, regional and developing/developed-country averages, the Americas,
2012....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................70
2.20 Households with Internet access, the Americas, 2011 and 2012.................................................................................................................72
3.1 Fixed-broadband prices, as a percentage of GNI p.c. (left) and annual change (right), 2008-2012........................................79
3.2 Fixed-braodband median price per Mbit/s, in USD, world and by level of development, 2008 and 2012........................80
3.3 Fixed-broadband prices, as a percentage of GNI p.c., by level of development, number of countries, 2012..................81
3.4 Fixed-broadband prices, as a percentage of GNI p.c., by region, 2012.....................................................................................................83
3.5 Purchasing-power-adjusted fixed-broadband prices in the Africa region, 2012...............................................................................85
3.6 Purchasing-power-adjusted fixed-broadband prices in the Americas region, 2012.......................................................................87
3.7 Purchasing-power-adjusted fixed-broadband prices in the Arab States region, 2012...................................................................88
3.8 Purchasing-power-adjusted fixed-broadband prices in the Asia and the Pacific region, 2012................................................90
3.9 Purchasing-power-adjusted fixed-broadband prices in the CIS region, 2012.....................................................................................91
3.10 Purchasing-power-adjusted fixed-broadband prices in the Europe region, 2012............................................................................93
3.11 Mobile-broadband prices as a percentage of GNI p.c., world and by level of development, 2012.......................................97
3.12 Mobile-broadband prices, in USD, world and by level of development, 2012....................................................................................97
3.13 Mobile-broadband prices, in PPP$, world and by level of development, 2012..................................................................................98
3.14 Mobile-broadband prices, in USD, world, 2012....................................................................................................................................................104
3.15 Mobile-broadband prices per GB, in USD, world, 2012...................................................................................................................................105
3.16 Mobile-broadband and fixed-broadband prices, as a percentage of GNI p.c., world and by level of
development, 2012................................................................................................................................................................................................................106
3.17 Postpaid fixed-broadband and postpaid computer-based mobile-broadband prices, as a percentage of
GNI p.c., by region, 2012......................................................................................................................................................................................................107
3.18 Mobile-broadband and mobile-cellular prices as a percentage of GNI p.c., world and by level of
development (left) and comparison (right), 2012..............................................................................................................................................110
Ratio of youth (15-24) Internet usage to overall Internet usage, by region and level of development (left),
and by income group (right), 2012..............................................................................................................................................................................150
4.9 Relationship between the ratio of youth (15-24) Internet users to overall Internet users (y-axis) and
percentage of total population aged 15-24 (x-axis), by income group, 2012...................................................................................153
4.10 Relationship between digital natives as a percentage of total population and school enrolment, by
education level, 2012............................................................................................................................................................................................................154
4.11 Relationship between digital natives as a percentage of total population, 2012 and primary enrolment, 2002......155
4.12 Relationship between digital natives as a percentage of total population and ratio of females to males in
school enrolment, by education level, 2012..........................................................................................................................................................155
5.1 Households with a TV, world and by level of development, 2008-2012..............................................................................................162
5.2 Households with a TV, by region, 2008-2012.........................................................................................................................................................163
5.3 Top seven countries by number of households with a TV, 2012...............................................................................................................163
5.4 Households with digital TV, world and by level of development, 2008-2012...................................................................................165
5.5 Households with digital TV, by region, 2008-2012.............................................................................................................................................167
5.6 Top seven countries by number of households with digital TV, 2008 and 2012.............................................................................168
5.7 Households with a TV by type of technology, 2008-2012.............................................................................................................................169
5.8 Households with a TV by four main technologies, 2008-2012...................................................................................................................169
5.9 Households with only terrestrial TV broadcasting, by region, 2008-2012...........................................................................................170
5.10 Households with only analogue terrestrial TV broadcasting, by region, 2008-2012.....................................................................170
5.11 Number of countries by % of households with analogue terrestrial TV broadcasting, 2008-2012.....................................171
xi
List of figures
2.1 Three stages in the evolution towards an information society.....................................................................................................................18
2.2 ICT Development Index: indicators, reference values and weights............................................................................................................21
2.3 IDI spider charts, selected dynamic countries, 2011 and 2012......................................................................................................................36
3.1 Mobile-broadband services by type of end-user device and plan.............................................................................................................93
3.2 Methodology for the mobile-broadband sub-basket......................................................................................................................................112
4.1 Distribution of digital natives across countries (absolute numbers), 2012.........................................................................................141
4.2 Digital natives as a percentage of total population, 2012.............................................................................................................................142
xii
List of boxes
1.1 Monitoring the ICT gender gap........................................................................................................................................................................................12
2.1 ITU expert groups......................................................................................................................................................................................................................19
2.2 From active-mobile broadband to wireless broadband....................................................................................................................................20
2.3 Europe counts on ICTs: The Digital Agenda for Europe.....................................................................................................................................26
2.4 Smarter phones and faster networks are driving data usage and revenues in Australia..............................................................28
2.5 Competition pushes Costa Rica above the regional average........................................................................................................................31
2.6 Oman boasts second highest wireless-broadband subscriptions penetration in the region...................................................33
2.7 An ICT user profile from the United Arab Emirates...............................................................................................................................................34
2.8 Rural roll-out in Zambia..........................................................................................................................................................................................................35
2.9 The least connected countries (LCCs) home to 2.4 billion people are not making enough progress to
reduce the digital divide........................................................................................................................................................................................................42
2.10 Abundant and secure international Internet bandwidth and fast broadband to protect and run
Hong Kong (China)s financial centre.............................................................................................................................................................................45
2.11 Kenya largest amount of international Internet bandwidth per Internet user in Africa............................................................47
2.12 Cambodias heated mobile market.................................................................................................................................................................................48
2.13 Growth in broadband networks brings more Albanians online...................................................................................................................52
3.1 Data issues: Comparability and transparency..........................................................................................................................................................80
3.2 Rules applied in collecting mobile-broadband prices........................................................................................................................................94
3.3 Available mobile-broadband plans according to different monthly data allowances...................................................................96
3.4 To what extent are fixed-broadband and mobile-broadband prices and services comparable?........................................106
4.1 Youth and ICT: the BYN D 2015 Global Youth Summit....................................................................................................................................128
4.2 Survey depicts optimistic millennial generation that believes in the potential of ICTs..............................................................130
4.3 Digital native model..............................................................................................................................................................................................................139
xiii
List of tables
2.1 IDI values and changes, 2011 and 2012.......................................................................................................................................................................23
2.2 ICT Development Index (IDI), 2011 and 2012...........................................................................................................................................................24
2.3 Most dynamic countries changes between IDI 2011 and 2012...............................................................................................................27
2.4 IDI by level of development, 2011 and 2012............................................................................................................................................................41
2.5 IDI by groups, 2011 and 2012.............................................................................................................................................................................................41
2.6 IDI access sub-index, 2011 and 2012.............................................................................................................................................................................46
2.7 Top ten economies with the greatest 2011-2012 change in the IDI access sub-index, by absolute value
change (left) and rank change (right)............................................................................................................................................................................48
2.8 IDI use sub-index, 2011 and 2012....................................................................................................................................................................................50
2.9 Top ten economies with the greatest 2011-2012 change in IDI use sub-index, by absolute value change (left)
and rank change (right)..........................................................................................................................................................................................................51
2.10 IDI skills sub-index, 2011 and 2012.................................................................................................................................................................................54
2.11 IDI by region, 2011 and 2012..............................................................................................................................................................................................55
2.12 The top five economies in each region and their ranking in the global IDI, 2012............................................................................56
2.13 IDI Africa.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................58
2.14 IDI Arab States..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................60
2.15 IDI Asia and the Pacific........................................................................................................................................................................................................63
2.16 IDI CIS.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................65
2.17 IDI Europe....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................68
2.18 IDI The Americas.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................71
3.1 Minimum advertised fixed-broadband speeds, percentage of countries, 2008 and 2012..........................................................79
3.2 Fixed-broadband prices, 2012............................................................................................................................................................................................82
3.3 Fixed-broadband prices ranges and averages as a percentage of GNI p.c., by region, 2012......................................................83
xiv
xv
Chapter 1. Introduction
those who are still left without access to ICTs. By end 2013,
subscriptions in 2013.1
information society.
necessary to qualify as mobile broadband and provide highspeed access to the Internet. By end 2012, the percentage
Over the past year, ICT deployment and uptake have continued
Chapter 1. Introduction
100
90
80
96.2
70
Fixed-telephone subscriptions
60
50
40
41.3
38.8
30
29.5
20
16.5
9.8
10
0
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012*
2013*
Note: * Estimate.
Source: ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database.
Chart 1.2: Active mobile-broadband subscriptions, world and by level of development, 2007-2013*,
penetration (left) and annual growth (right)
120
80
Developed
World
Developing
70
Developed
60
World
50
100
80
Developing
% 60
40
40
30
29.5
20
19.8
Note: * Estimate.
Source: ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database.
3*
2*
20
1
12
120
1
-1
1
-1
10
20
-1
0
09
20
20
7-
08
08
-0
9
10
20
20
0
74.8
Chart 1.3: Active mobile-broadband subscriptions, by region and level of development, 2013*
80
74.8
67.5
70
60
46.0
50
48.0
40
29.5
30
22.4
19.8
18.9
20
10.9
10
0
Africa
Arab States
Asia &
Pacific
CIS
The
Americas
Europe
Developing
World
Developed
Note: * Estimate.
Source: ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database.
and penetration rates will have increased from 4.4 per cent
Chapter 1. Introduction
Chart 1.4: Mobile data traffic, 2012-2017 (forecasts), total (left) and by end-user device (right)
11.2
12
12
Other portable devices (0.2%)
Non-smartphones (1.4%)
M2M (5.1%)
Tablets (11.7%)
Laptops (14%)
Smartphones (67.5%)
10
10
7.4
8
6
4.7
2.8
1.6
8
6
4
2
0.9
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
(wired) infrastructure.
Chart 1.5: Fixed (wired)-broadband subscriptions, world and by level of development, 2003-2013*,
penetration (left) and annual growth (right)
30
25
Developed
World
Developing
70
27.2
60
50
Developed
World
Developing
20
40
%
15
30
10
9.8
20
6.1
10
0
20
12
*-
13
Note: * Estimate.
Source: ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database.
Chart 1.6: Fixed (wired)-broadband subscriptions, by region and level of development, 2013*
30
27.2
27.0
25
20
17.1
13.5
15
9.8
10
7.6
6.1
3.3
0.3
0
Africa
Arab States
Asia &
Pacific
CIS
The
Americas
Europe
Developing
World
Developed
Note: * Estimate.
Source: ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database.
report. ITU tracks the price of key ICT services annually, including
capita, has fallen by 82 per cent over the past four years. The
In 2012, ITU collected data on a number of different mobilebroadband plans and prices, in addition to fixed-broadband
prices. A comparison of prices for fixed- and mobile-broadband
services shows that, in developing countries, mobile broadband
is cheaper than fixed broadband, on average. It is important to
keep in mind, however, that many fixed-broadband plans now
offer unlimited data volumes, whereas the mobile-broadband
plans considered here are capped at 500 MB or 1 GB of data
volume. A comparison of four typical mobile-broadband plans
for handsets and computers and for prepaid and postpaid
are the most expensive. In other words, users pay less for a
USB prepaid card they can use with their laptops to connect
Chapter 1. Introduction
3 of this report.
GDP stands at around 35 per cent, there is still room for further
2008 and 2009 (-16 per cent), but also the strongest recovery
Chart 1.7: Telecommunication revenues, world and by level of development, 2007-2011, total in USD
(left) and annual growth (right)
2'000
1'800
1'644
1'748
1'687
1'739
1'231
1'235
1'837
1'600
Billion USD
1'400
1'224
1'288
600
Developing
4
%
2
2008-09
0
400
200
World
6
World
Developed
Developing
800
Developed
10
8
1'293
1'200
1'000
12
420
460
455
504
544
-2
2007-08
2009-10
2010-11
-4
0
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
-6
Note: World includes 82 countries accounting for 94 per cent of world GDP. Developed includes 33 developed countries accounting for 99
per cent of total GDP in the developed world. Developing includes 49 developing countries accounting for 86 per cent of total GDP in
the developing world.
Source: ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database.
Chart 1.8: Annual investment (CAPEX) of telecommunication operators, world and by level of
development, 2007-2011, total in USD (left) and annual growth (right)
World
Developed
Developing
350
290
300
249
264
Billion USD
250
200
172
196
253
250
166
163
Developed
20
World
15
Developing
10
176
150
100
25
2008-09
2009-10
% 0
77
93
88
87
89
-5
2007-08
2010-11
-10
50
-15
0
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
-20
Note: World includes 67 countries accounting for 87 per cent of world GDP. Developed includes 31 developed countries accounting for 96
per cent of total GDP in the developed world. Developing includes 36 developing countries accounting for 72 per cent of total GDP in
the developing world.
Source: ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database.
was more stable, with the highest decrease (-6 per cent)
2011 (+2 per cent). This contrasts sharply with the growth
rates in telecommunication operators CAPEX recorded
prior to the global financial crisis: e.g. an increase of 21 per
cent in developing countries and 14 per cent in developed
countries between 2007 and 2008.
Sluggish investment levels after 2008 are consistent with
an overall economic environment of restricted access to
capital markets, which may limit the capacity of operators
to raise funds for new investments. With the expansion of
global operators into new markets, many operators are
active in both developing and developed countries, and
the adverse financial environment in the developed world
developing world.
Chapter 1. Introduction
Chart 1.9: Households with Internet access, world and by level of development, 2003-2013*,
penetration (left) and annual growth (right)
100
25
Developed
World
Developing
80
Developed
World
Developing
20
77.7
15
60
%
40
41.3
10
28.0
20
20
12
*-
13
*
Note: * Estimate.
Source: ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database.
Africa. Indeed, the gap between Africa and Asia (the two
(Chart1.10).
Chart 1.10: Households with Internet access, by region and level of development, 2013*
90
77.7
77.3
80
70
60.8
60
45.7
50
41.3
40
32.7
33.6
28.0
30
20
10
6.7
0
Africa
Asia &
Pacific
Arab States
CIS
Note: * Estimate.
Source: ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database.
The
Americas
Europe
Developing
World
Developed
Chart 1.11: Households with a TV, a computer and Internet, by level of development, 2012*
TV
Computer
Internet
24% gap
100
53% gap
67% gap
80
60
40
20
0
Developed
World
Developing
Note: * Estimate.
Source: ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database.
will be achieved.
few years.
Africa, the ratio is the highest (at 1:1.5), but has fallen sharply
since 2005, when it was almost 1:3. This also reflects the shift
Chapter 1. Introduction
Chart 1.12: Individuals using the Internet, world and by level of development, 2003-2013*,
penetration (left) and annual growth (right)
90
70
Developed
World
Developing
30
Developed
World
Developing
80
76.8
25
20
60
50
% 15
40
38.8
30.7
30
10
20
10
0
20
12
*-
13
Note: * Estimate.
Source: ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database.
penetration has doubled over the past four years, and is set
to climb to 16 per cent by end 2013 (Chart 1.13). This trend
Chart 1.13: Individuals using the Internet, by region and level of development, 2013*
80
76.8
74.7
70
60.8
60
51.9
50
38.8
37.6
40
31.9
30.7
30
20
16.3
10
0
Africa
Asia &
Pacific
Arab States
CIS
Note: * Estimate.
Source: ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database.
10
The
Americas
Europe
Developing
World
Developed
connection.
fibre connections.
(ISPs).
11
Chapter 1. Introduction
cuts across all sectors of society, and is found in the female and
male population alike. But do girls and boys, women and men,
have equal access to ICTs? ITU has been tracking indicators
that capture the use of ICTs disaggregated by sex since 2007.
Data show that there is a gender gap in the use of computers,
mobile phones and Internet, and that the gap is more prevalent
in developing than developed countries. For example, by end
2013, ITU estimates that the gender gap in Internet usage will be
11%
1.6
Billions of people
1.4
16%
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
2%
0.4
0.2
0.0
Women
Men
Developed
Women
Men
Developing
Women
Men
World
Note: * Estimate.
Source: ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database.
12
digital divide.
development frameworks.
debate.
to ICTs for all. The main target groups of the MDGs and
precisely among those 4.4 billion people who are not yet
13
Chapter 1. Introduction
and the ICT Price Basket (IPB). The latest results for these
also looks at the relationship between the IDI and GDP per
the access sub-index, the use sub-index and the skills sub-
level, and are also compared with other relevant variables, for
broadband price data. Price trends over the past five years
analysis presented.
14
Endnotes
See http://www.ericsson.com/news/1659597.
In order to take into account the importance of fixed-wireless and satellite Internet access in some countries, and following the recommendations
of some Member States, ITU has replaced the indicator mobile-broadband subscriptions with the (broader) indicator wireless-broadband
subscriptions in the ICT Development Index (IDI) (see Chapter 2). Apart from mobile-broadband subscriptions, wireless broadband also includes
terrestrial fixed-wireless (including WiMAX) and satellite subscriptions.
According to Cisco, in 2012, 4G connections represented only 0.9 per cent of mobile connections.
In 2011, the Broadband Commission endorsed four targets to be achieved by 2015: (1) making broadband policy universal, (2) making broadband
affordable, (3) connecting homes to broadband and (4) getting people online. See http://www.broadbandcommission.org.
A computer refers to a desktop, or a laptop computer, or a tablet or similar handheld computer. It does not include equipment with some
embedded computing abilities, such as smart TV sets, and devices with telephony as a main function, such as mobile or smart phones. The
definition of computer has been recently updated by the ITU Expert Group on ICT Household Indicators (EGH), as part of the revisions of the core
ICT indicators on access to and use of ICT by households and individuals. See
http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Documents/events/brazil2013/Final_report_EGH.pdf.
See, for example, the joint project by SamKnows and the US Federal Communications Commission (FCC, 2013).
This measure presents the difference (in absolute values) between numbers of male and female Internet users relative to male Internet users. Thus,
the reference value is the male Internet users group, and the gender gap is expressed comparing females to males.
See http://www.itu.int/wsis/implementation/2013/forum/.
See http://www.itu.int/wsis/implementation/2013/forum/agenda/session_docs/41/41-ORG-session-report.pdf.
10
15
Conceptual framework
17
ICT Readiness
(infrastructure,
access)
ICT
Development
Index
ICT Use
ICT Impact
(intensity)
(outcomes)
ICT Capability
(skills)
Source: ITU.
18
Methodology
19
subscriptions.
countries are starting to test and even commercialize LTEadvanced networks. By 2011, ITU had identified a definition to
clearly separate fixed (wired)-broadband subscriptions from
wireless-broadband subscriptions and to move from potential
subscriptions to active subscriptions. This definition of wireless
broadband, in line with that used by OECD, includes satellite
subscriptions, terrestrial fixed (wireless)-broadband subscriptions
and active mobile-broadband subscriptions. The latter includes
both subscriptions that have been used to connect to the
Internet using a mobile-cellular telephone and dedicated
subscriptions using a USB modem/dongle (Figure Box 2.2).
data reporting was relatively limited. Therefore, the IDI did not
Standard mobilebroadband
subscriptions
(via a mobilecellular
telephone)
Dedicated mobilebroadband
subscriptions (via
USB dongle/modem
or as an add-on data
package to voice
package)
Terrestrial fixed
(wireless)broadband
subscriptions
Satellitebroadband
subscriptions
20
techniques.
Figure 2.2: ICT Development Index: indicators, reference values and weights
Reference
value
(%)
60
20
190
20
621834*
20
100
20
100
20
Reference
value
(%)
100
33
60
33
100
33
Reference
value
(%)
100
33
100
33
100
33
ICT access
ICT use
ICT skills
40
40
ICT
Development
Index
20
Note: * This corresponds to a log value of 5.79, which was used in the normalization step.
Source: ITU.
21
with 2011. It should be noted that the 2011 IDI values have
had increased, meaning that ICT levels are maturing not only
The range between the lowest and the highest IDI values
IDI score and its income level, presents IDI results by level
at the very top and at the very bottom has not altered over
The IDI 2012 includes a total of 157 countries (Table 2.2). The
from Asia and the Pacific. While the Republic of Korea, with
the highest IDI value of 8.57, continues to lead the world in
terms of the countries with the highest ICT levels. The United
22
IDI 2011
Average
value*
Min.
Max.
Range
StDev
CV
Average
value*
Min.
Max.
Range
StDev
CV
Change in
average value
2011-2012
IDI
4.35
0.99
8.57
7.58
2.19
50.28
4.15
0.93
8.51
7.58
2.13
51.32
0.20
Access sub-index
4.74
1.12
9.18
8.06
2.25
47.56
4.56
1.12
9.13
8.01
2.25
49.23
0.18
Use sub-index
2.85
0.03
8.25
8.22
2.37
83.26
2.53
0.02
8.17
8.15
2.25
88.75
0.32
Skills sub-index
6.59
1.51
9.86
8.35
2.12
32.25
6.58
1.49
9.86
8.37
2.13
32.37
0.01
Kingdom joined the top ten group (up from 11th position
All top ten IDI countries have reached very high levels of ICT
that were privatized and liberalized early on. The top ten
Since countries at the top of the IDI are attaining high levels
23
Rank 2012
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
IDI 2012
8.57
8.45
8.36
8.35
8.24
8.13
8.00
7.98
7.93
7.92
7.90
7.82
7.78
7.65
7.65
7.64
7.53
7.53
7.46
7.38
7.36
7.28
7.25
7.25
7.16
7.11
6.89
6.76
6.65
6.57
6.54
6.45
6.41
6.40
6.36
6.32
6.31
6.31
6.30
6.19
6.11
6.10
6.05
5.88
5.86
5.83
5.76
5.74
5.74
5.69
5.46
5.37
5.36
5.36
5.35
5.34
5.19
5.06
5.04
5.03
5.01
5.00
4.81
4.75
4.74
4.73
4.71
4.64
4.64
4.61
4.59
4.55
4.53
4.45
4.43
4.22
4.20
4.18
4.17
Rank 2011
1
2
4
3
5
6
7
11
9
10
15
8
12
13
14
18
16
19
17
20
21
25
22
24
23
26
27
28
36
29
30
33
45
31
37
35
32
34
42
38
46
39
40
41
43
47
50
49
44
48
52
61
53
58
54
51
55
56
57
65
60
62
59
70
67
63
64
69
66
68
73
74
71
75
72
77
78
79
76
IDI 2011
8.51
8.41
8.12
8.18
7.99
7.97
7.85
7.63
7.76
7.66
7.54
7.77
7.62
7.57
7.55
7.31
7.35
7.26
7.33
7.14
7.10
6.74
7.10
6.85
6.85
6.70
6.65
6.60
6.01
6.43
6.41
6.21
5.68
6.30
6.00
6.07
6.22
6.14
5.79
5.94
5.57
5.91
5.85
5.79
5.71
5.50
5.38
5.41
5.70
5.46
5.08
4.62
5.06
4.80
5.05
5.38
4.93
4.93
4.81
4.47
4.62
4.59
4.71
4.36
4.46
4.54
4.49
4.38
4.47
4.38
4.24
4.23
4.31
4.18
4.28
3.90
3.89
3.86
4.00
Economy
Albania
Ecuador
Fiji
Mexico
South Africa
Mongolia
Egypt
Suriname
Viet Nam
Morocco
Iran (I.R.)
Tunisia
Peru
Jamaica
Dominican Rep.
Thailand
Cape Verde
Indonesia
Philippines
Bolivia
El Salvador
Tonga
Syria
Paraguay
Uzbekistan
Guyana
Algeria
Sri Lanka
Botswana
Namibia
Honduras
Cuba
Gabon
Ghana
Nicaragua
Zimbabwe
Kenya
Swaziland
Bhutan
Sudan
Cambodia
India
Nigeria
Lao P.D.R.
Senegal
Solomon Islands
Lesotho
Yemen
Gambia
Pakistan
Uganda
Djibouti
Zambia
Mauritania
Myanmar
Bangladesh
Cameroon
Cte d'Ivoire
Comoros
Angola
Congo
Rwanda
Tanzania
Benin
Mali
Malawi
Liberia
Congo (Dem. Rep.)
Mozambique
Madagascar
Guinea-Bissau
Ethiopia
Guinea
Eritrea
Burkina Faso
Chad
Central African Rep.
Niger
Rank 2012
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
Note: *The GNI per capita is based on the World Banks Atlas Method.
Source: ITU.
Source:
ITU.
24
IDI 2012
4.11
4.08
3.99
3.95
3.95
3.92
3.85
3.84
3.80
3.79
3.79
3.70
3.68
3.68
3.58
3.54
3.53
3.43
3.34
3.28
3.25
3.23
3.22
3.21
3.12
3.08
3.07
3.06
3.00
2.85
2.74
2.72
2.61
2.60
2.54
2.52
2.46
2.44
2.40
2.33
2.30
2.21
2.18
2.10
2.02
1.97
1.95
1.89
1.88
1.83
1.81
1.77
1.77
1.76
1.74
1.73
1.72
1.70
1.70
1.68
1.66
1.66
1.65
1.60
1.54
1.43
1.39
1.31
1.31
1.28
1.26
1.24
1.23
1.20
1.18
1.01
1.00
0.99
Rank 2011
80
83
81
82
85
90
87
84
86
89
88
92
91
93
95
94
96
97
98
102
103
101
99
100
104
106
105
107
108
111
109
110
112
114
113
119
116
115
117
118
121
120
123
122
125
124
126
129
127
128
130
131
137
133
132
139
136
135
134
138
140
143
141
142
144
145
148
146
149
147
152
150
151
153
154
156
155
157
IDI 2011
3.80
3.73
3.79
3.78
3.67
3.59
3.65
3.73
3.65
3.59
3.61
3.58
3.58
3.54
3.36
3.42
3.18
3.14
3.14
3.08
3.06
3.09
3.13
3.10
3.02
2.96
2.98
2.92
2.83
2.60
2.70
2.66
2.46
2.30
2.39
2.16
2.23
2.27
2.19
2.19
2.05
2.13
1.96
1.99
1.88
1.91
1.84
1.76
1.79
1.78
1.72
1.71
1.64
1.70
1.70
1.62
1.66
1.66
1.68
1.63
1.58
1.54
1.57
1.57
1.43
1.41
1.27
1.30
1.26
1.28
1.19
1.22
1.20
1.15
1.11
0.94
1.00
0.93
that they were offering users the benefits of the first LTE
Europe, where IDI values are generally already very high and
having significant market power, in order to ensure longterm competition. Recent decisions also referred to as
25
Box 2.3: Europe counts on ICTs: The Digital Agenda for Europe
The European Union has high hopes for information and
with the Digital Agenda for Europe (DAE), the first of seven
26
Box 2.3: Europe counts on ICTs: The Digital Agenda for Europe (continued)
was updated in 2013, includes over 100 actions grouped into
18
roaming charges.
Table 2.3: Most dynamic countries changes between IDI 2011 and 2012
Change in IDI ranking
IDI rank
2012
Country
IDI rank
2012
Country
IDI value
change
33
12
52
Lebanon
0.75
52
Lebanon
33
0.73
29
Barbados
29
Barbados
0.65
64
Seychelles
54
Oman
0.56
41
Belarus
60
Costa Rica
0.56
60
Costa Rica
41
Belarus
0.55
85
Mongolia
22
Estonia
0.54
132
Zambia
39
Bahrain
0.51
11/135
Australia/Bangladesh
4*
26
Israel
0.41
54/115
Oman/Zimbabwe
4*
62
Brazil
0.41
Note: * Australia, Bangladesh, Oman and Zimbabwe all went up four places in the IDI rankings between 2011 and 2012.
Source: ITU.
27
the number of Internet users and the number of wirelessbroadband subscriptions grew significantly. The percentage
of individuals using the Internet increased to 88 per cent in
2012, up from 77 per cent the year before. At the same time,
Box 2.4: Smarter phones and faster networks are driving data usage and revenues in Australia
Between 2011 and 2012, Australias wireless-broadband
of the highest growth rates, but also one of the highest 2012
2011
2012
28
22
23
broadband connections.
29
in 2013.34 The country also stands out for its increase in the
2011 and 2012, and in 2012 ranks 22nd, with an IDI of 7.28.
The plan aims to bring fast (at least 1 Mbit/s) and affordable
31
bus ticket (m-ticket).36 Estonia has also been singled out for
than 200 000 people by April 2012, a goal that two of the
30
32
33
30
Box 2.5: Competition pushes Costa Rica above the regional average
Until 2011, Costa Rica had one of the last remaining state
furniture retailers.42
the last country in the world to offer its customers mobilecellular prepaid services, in 2010. Furthermore, waiting lists
for mobile services were often long, as ICE was running out
Chart Box 2.5: Mobile-cellular subscriptions per 100 inhabitants, Costa Rica and the Americas region,
2009-2012
128.0
120
100
105.3
80
Costa Rica
60
The Americas
40
November 2011: Claro (Amrica Mvil) and
Movistar (Telefnica) enter the Costa Rican
mobile-cellular market
20
0
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
31
in 2011.
Oman improved its IDI by 0.56 value places and four ranks,
using the Internet (47 per cent) and the countrys fixed
(wired)-broadband penetration (12 per cent) are the
32
Box 2.6: Oman boasts second highest wireless-broadband subscriptions penetration in the region
The Omani Government has undertaken several initiatives
80
2011
70
2012
60
50
40
30
20
10
Qa
t
Om ar
a
Sa
ud U n
i A AE
ra
Ba bia
hr
ai
E n
Le gyp
ba t
n
Su on
Jo dan
M rda
or n
oc
M Tun co
au is
rit ia
an
Sy ia
Ye ria
Co me
m n
Dj oro
ib s
ou
ti
Chart Box 2.6). The country has also made important progress in
bringing more people online, and the proportion of individuals
using the Internet rose by around 25 per cent, from 48 per cent
in 2011 to 60 per cent in 2012.
55
Zambia, the country with the lowest IDI among the most
33
Box 2.7: An ICT user profile from the United Arab Emirates
The United Arab Emirates achieved the highest increase
via their mobile phones (45 per cent) or their laptops (47
per cent).
in the IDI 2012, with an IDI value of 6.41. Both its access and
use sub-index values increased by many times the global
average. A household survey commissioned by the UAE
Telecommunication Regulatory Authority ( TRA) provides
insights into the usage of ICTs in the country (TRA, 2012).
56
in the world at 85 per cent (Chart Box 2.7). Of those, 80 per cent
access from home and 56 per cent from work. Most users access
from home did so at least once a day. Internet users in the UAE
basis (see Chart Box 2.7). The main reasons for owning
have a separate card for private and business use (59 per
43 per cent of SIM cards have been owned for more than five
of users with a profile visit the social networking site every day.
Chart Box 2.7: Mobile-cellular subscriptions (left), individuals using the Internet (centre), households
with Internet access (right), 2011 and 2012
170
180
85
90
78
80
120
100
86
91
80
60
80
2012
70
70
140
50
40
33
36
30
20
20
10
World
50
40
34
37
30
20
10
0
0
United Arab
Emirates
72
67
60
60
40
United Arab
Emirates
34
2011
160
149
World
United Arab
Emirates
World
shows no significant increase, growth in the access subindex is above the global average. This is due to an increase
in the countrys mobile-cellular penetration, from 61 per
cent in 2011 to 76 per cent in 2012. Rural connectivity has
become an increasingly important issue for policy-makers,
who are taking concrete steps to connect remote and
rural areas. These include a tax waiver on GSM equipment
passed by the Zambian government in 2011, which has
allowed mobile operators to extend the countrys mobile
network.57 Several network-extension projects have been
implemented by the countrys mobile operators, and the
private sector is trying to extend coverage and services.
This also means dealing with grid-power shortages that
often afflict rural areas. MTN, for example, has set up solar
While this still puts the country behind the average penetration
The Zambian Government understands ICTs to be a development enabler, and has committed to making services available
to its citizens in rural and remote areas of the country. In
2012, according to the Ministry of Transport, Works, Supply
and Communication, a total of 2 070 mobile-communication
90
80
70
2011
2012
operator MTN, which erected the first solar site in early 2012,
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Developing
country average
Zambia
Africa
of Zambians online. By end 2012, the countrys wirelessbroadband and fixed (wired)-broadband penetration rates
still languished at below 1 per cent, and the proportion of
35
Figure 2.3: IDI spider charts, selected dynamic countries, 2011 and 2012
Albania
2012
2011
Literacy
Tertiary
enrolment
Secondary
enrolment
Australia
Fixed-telephone
subscriptions
Mobile-cellular
1.0
subscriptions
0.8
0.6
International
Internet bandwidth
0.4
per Internet user
0.2
0.0
Households with
a computer
Wirelessbroadband
subscriptions
Fixed (wired)-broadband
subscriptions
Households
with Internet
Internet users
2012
2011
Literacy
Tertiary
enrolment
Secondary
enrolment
Wirelessbroadband
subscriptions
Fixed (wired)-broadband
subscriptions
Bahrain
2012
2011
Literacy
Tertiary
enrolment
Secondary
enrolment
Households
with Internet
Internet users
2012
2011
Literacy
Tertiary
enrolment
Secondary
enrolment
Literacy
Tertiary
enrolment
Secondary
enrolment
36
Households
with Internet
Internet users
Belarus
Fixed-telephone
subscriptions
Mobile-cellular
1.0
subscriptions
0.8
0.6
International
Internet bandwidth
0.4
per Internet user
0.2
0.0
Households with
a computer
Wirelessbroadband
subscriptions
Fixed (wired)-broadband
subscriptions
Internet users
Fixed-telephone
subscriptions
Mobile-cellular
1.0
subscriptions
0.8
0.6
International
Internet bandwidth
0.4
per Internet user
0.2
0.0
Households with
a computer
Wirelessbroadband
subscriptions
Fixed (wired)-broadband
subscriptions
Barbados
2012
2011
Households
with Internet
Bangladesh
Fixed-telephone
subscriptions
Mobile-cellular
1.0
subscriptions
0.8
0.6
International
Internet bandwidth
0.4
per Internet user
0.2
0.0
Households with
a computer
Wirelessbroadband
subscriptions
Fixed (wired)-broadband
subscriptions
Fixed-telephone
subscriptions
Mobile-cellular
1.0
subscriptions
0.8
0.6
International
Internet bandwidth
0.4
per Internet user
0.2
0.0
Households with
a computer
Households
with Internet
Internet users
2012
2011
Literacy
Tertiary
enrolment
Secondary
enrolment
Fixed-telephone
subscriptions
Mobile-cellular
1.0
subscriptions
0.8
0.6
International
Internet bandwidth
0.4
per Internet user
0.2
0.0
Households with
a computer
Wirelessbroadband
subscriptions
Fixed (wired)-broadband
subscriptions
Households
with Internet
Internet users
Figure 2.3: IDI spider charts, selected dynamic countries, 2011 and 2012 (continued)
Costa Rica
Brazil
2012
2011
Literacy
Tertiary
enrolment
Secondary
enrolment
Fixed-telephone
subscriptions
Mobile-cellular
1.0
subscriptions
0.8
0.6
International
Internet bandwidth
0.4
per Internet user
0.2
0.0
Households with
a computer
Wirelessbroadband
subscriptions
Fixed (wired)-broadband
subscriptions
Households
with Internet
Internet users
2012
2011
Literacy
Tertiary
enrolment
Secondary
enrolment
Wirelessbroadband
subscriptions
Fixed (wired)-broadband
subscriptions
Estonia
2012
2011
Literacy
Tertiary
enrolment
Secondary
enrolment
Households
with Internet
Internet users
2012
2011
Literacy
Tertiary
enrolment
Secondary
enrolment
Literacy
Tertiary
enrolment
Secondary
enrolment
Households
with Internet
Internet users
Lebanon
Fixed-telephone
subscriptions
Mobile-cellular
1.0
subscriptions
0.8
0.6
International
Internet bandwidth
0.4
per Internet user
0.2
0.0
Households with
a computer
Wirelessbroadband
subscriptions
Fixed (wired)-broadband
subscriptions
Internet users
Fixed-telephone
subscriptions
Mobile-cellular
1.0
subscriptions
0.8
0.6
International
Internet bandwidth
0.4
per Internet user
0.2
0.0
Households with
a computer
Wirelessbroadband
subscriptions
Fixed (wired)-broadband
subscriptions
Kenya
2012
2011
Households
with Internet
Israel
Fixed-telephone
subscriptions
Mobile-cellular
1.0
subscriptions
0.8
0.6
International
Internet bandwidth
0.4
per Internet user
0.2
0.0
Households with
a computer
Wirelessbroadband
subscriptions
Fixed (wired)-broadband
subscriptions
Fixed-telephone
subscriptions
Mobile-cellular
1.0
subscriptions
0.8
0.6
International
Internet bandwidth
0.4
per Internet user
0.2
0.0
Households with
a computer
Households
with Internet
Internet users
2012
2011
Literacy
Tertiary
enrolment
Secondary
enrolment
Fixed-telephone
subscriptions
Mobile-cellular
1.0
subscriptions
0.8
0.6
International
Internet bandwidth
0.4
per Internet user
0.2
0.0
Households with
a computer
Wirelessbroadband
subscriptions
Fixed (wired)-broadband
subscriptions
Households
with Internet
Internet users
37
Figure 2.3: IDI spider charts, selected dynamic countries, 2011 and 2012 (continued)
Oman
Mongolia
2012
2011
Literacy
Tertiary
enrolment
Secondary
enrolment
Fixed-telephone
subscriptions
Mobile-cellular
1.0
subscriptions
0.8
0.6
International
Internet bandwidth
0.4
per Internet user
0.2
0.0
Households with
a computer
Wirelessbroadband
subscriptions
Fixed (wired)-broadband
subscriptions
Households
with Internet
Internet users
2012
2011
Literacy
Tertiary
enrolment
Secondary
enrolment
Wirelessbroadband
subscriptions
Fixed (wired)-broadband
subscriptions
Seychelles
2012
2011
Literacy
Tertiary
enrolment
Secondary
enrolment
Households
with Internet
Internet users
2012
2011
Literacy
Tertiary
enrolment
Secondary
enrolment
Literacy
Tertiary
enrolment
Secondary
enrolment
Households
with Internet
Internet users
2012
2011
Literacy
Tertiary
enrolment
Secondary
enrolment
Internet users
Fixed-telephone
subscriptions
Mobile-cellular
1.0
subscriptions
0.8
0.6
International
Internet bandwidth
0.4
per Internet user
0.2
0.0
Households with
a computer
Wirelessbroadband
subscriptions
Fixed (wired)-broadband
subscriptions
Note: These charts show normalized values of the indicators included in the IDI.
Source: ITU.
38
Households
with Internet
Zimbabwe
Fixed-telephone
subscriptions
Mobile-cellular
1.0
subscriptions
0.8
0.6
International
Internet bandwidth
0.4
per Internet user
0.2
0.0
Households with
a computer
Wirelessbroadband
subscriptions
Fixed (wired)-broadband
subscriptions
Internet users
Fixed-telephone
subscriptions
Mobile-cellular
1.0
subscriptions
0.8
0.6
International
Internet bandwidth
0.4
per Internet user
0.2
0.0
Households with
a computer
Wirelessbroadband
subscriptions
Fixed (wired)-broadband
subscriptions
Zambia
2012
2011
Households
with Internet
Fixed-telephone
subscriptions
Mobile-cellular
1.0
subscriptions
0.8
0.6
International
Internet bandwidth
0.4
per Internet user
0.2
0.0
Households with
a computer
Wirelessbroadband
subscriptions
Fixed (wired)-broadband
subscriptions
Fixed-telephone
subscriptions
Mobile-cellular
1.0
subscriptions
0.8
0.6
International
Internet bandwidth
0.4
per Internet user
0.2
0.0
Households with
a computer
Households
with Internet
Internet users
a rate of 5.8 per cent, as against 3.5 per cent for developed
67
66
68
69
and for which ITU produces the IDI is to assess and track the
bring more people online. At the same time, the use subindex is growing at twice the speed in developing countries.
39
6.5 6.8
2011
6
5
IDI
2012
4.2 4.4
Change:
+3.5%
3
2
Change:
+4.8%
3.4
3.3
Change:
+5.8%
7
IDI skills sub-index
8.7 8.7
2012
6.6 6.6
5.8 5.8
6
Change:
+0.0%
5
4
3
2011
Change:
+0.0%
Change:
+0.1%
2
1
0
World
Developed
Developing
0
World
Developed
Developing
9
8
IDI access sub-index
2012
4.6 4.7
3.7 3.9
4
Change:
+1.9%
3
2
2011
6
5
7.0 7.1
Change:
+3.9%
Change:
+5.3%
0
World
Developed
Developing
:
9
8
7
6
5.1
2011
2012
5.5
both), suggesting that the countries with the highest and the
5
4
3
2
1
2.5
2.8
Change:
+8.6%
Change:
+17.3%
1.6
Change:
+12.5%
1.8
0
World
Developed
Developing
40
IDI 2011
Average
value*
Min.
Max.
Range
StDev
CV
Average
value*
Min.
Max.
Range
StDev
CV
Change in
average value
2011-2012
World
4.35
0.99
8.57
7.58
2.19
50.28
4.15
0.93
8.51
7.58
2.13
51.32
0.20
Developed
6.78
4.11
8.45
4.34
1.14
16.82
6.55
3.80
8.41
4.61
1.16
17.66
0.23
Developing
3.44
0.99
8.57
7.58
1.75
50.79
3.25
0.93
8.51
7.58
1.67
51.26
0.19
decreased for the high and upper IDI groups, and increased
for the medium and low IDI groups. This suggests that
2011 and 2012, the CV decreased slightly for the medium IDI
group, but increased for the low IDI group. This highlights
Group
Number
Average
of counvalue*
tries
IDI 2011
Min.
Max.
Range
StDev
CV
Average
value*
Min.
Max.
Range
StDev
CV
High
40
7.30
6.19
8.57
2.38
0.72
9.86
7.06
5.68
8.51
2.83
0.78
11.11
Upper
39
5.08
4.17
6.11
1.95
0.59
11.55
4.80
3.86
5.91
2.05
0.60
12.44
Medium
39
3.31
2.40
4.11
1.70
0.53
15.89
3.12
2.16
3.80
1.64
0.52
16.58
Low
39
1.64
0.99
2.33
1.34
0.36
21.95
1.56
0.93
2.19
1.25
0.33
20.97
Total
157
4.35
0.99
8.57
7.58
2.19
50.28
4.15
0.93
8.51
7.58
2.13
51.32
41
Box 2.9: The least connected countries (LCCs) home to 2.4 billion people are not making enough
progress to reduce the digital divide
The worlds least connected countries (LCCs) are the group of
relatively late. Some, like Chad, the Central African Republic and
that divides the 157 countries included in the IDI into four groups
(high, upper, medium, and low). In these LCCs, most ICT access
and use is limited to basic voice and low-speed data services.
While a number of LCCs have reached relatively high levels
They are the countries that could potentially derive great benefits
Togo, fewer than one in ten people use the Internet. In Papua
list of LCCs are also those that are lagging behind with respect to
New Guinea, Myanmar, Eritrea and Niger, fewer than 2 per cent
of the population is online. The LCCs also tend to have very low
national policies so that they can make the most of ICTs in order
IDI value:
Above 2.33
LCC (2.33 and below)
Data not available
Source: ITU.
low levels of ICT uptake and use also recorded the smallest
42
9
8
Estonia
7
United Arab Emirates
IDI 2012
6
Moldova
Brunei Darussalam
4
Botswana
3
Gabon
2
Angola
R = 0.8848
0
0
10'000
20'000
30'000
40'000
50'000
60'000
high ICT prices and very low ICT levels, in particular, must
43
IDI 2012
8
6
4
R = 0.8547
2
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
IPB 2012
Source: ITU.
Access sub-index
44
Box 2.10: Abundant and secure international Internet bandwidth and fast broadband to protect and
run Hong Kong (China)s financial centre
Hong Kong (China)s telecommunication regulator has ensured
that, as one of the worlds key financial hubs, Hong Kong has
landed in Hong Kong (China), and more cables are planned. ACE
ITU price data also show that Hong Kongs fixed- and mobile-
at the top of the overall IDI also have a very high access
(Table 2.1).
45
Source:
Source: ITU.
ITU.
46
Economy
China
Colombia
Ecuador
Egypt
Syria
South Africa
Venezuela
Mexico
Mongolia
Viet Nam
Thailand
Tunisia
El Salvador
Jamaica
Fiji
Peru
Albania
Gabon
Indonesia
Paraguay
Algeria
Botswana
Cape Verde
Philippines
Sri Lanka
Dominican Rep.
Bolivia
Tonga
Guyana
Cambodia
Namibia
Honduras
Nicaragua
Kenya
Bhutan
Sudan
Senegal
Cte d'Ivoire
Mauritania
Pakistan
Zimbabwe
Lao P.D.R.
India
Mali
Swaziland
Gambia
Ghana
Uzbekistan
Benin
Lesotho
Zambia
Djibouti
Yemen
Bangladesh
Solomon Islands
Nigeria
Congo
Rwanda
Uganda
Cameroon
Tanzania
Burkina Faso
Comoros
Angola
Liberia
Malawi
Guinea
Mozambique
Niger
Ethiopia
Myanmar
Guinea-Bissau
Madagascar
Cuba
Chad
Congo (Dem. Rep.)
Eritrea
Central African Rep.
Rank
2012
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
Access
2012
4.36
4.35
4.34
4.20
4.20
4.14
4.13
4.11
4.04
4.04
4.00
3.95
3.95
3.93
3.86
3.85
3.73
3.67
3.62
3.60
3.60
3.58
3.46
3.41
3.36
3.35
3.27
3.25
3.18
3.14
3.09
3.05
2.99
2.73
2.68
2.62
2.59
2.58
2.58
2.56
2.54
2.53
2.50
2.44
2.43
2.42
2.40
2.38
2.36
2.26
2.12
2.11
2.09
2.03
2.02
1.99
1.99
1.96
1.95
1.87
1.87
1.87
1.87
1.83
1.80
1.72
1.71
1.69
1.65
1.64
1.62
1.49
1.48
1.45
1.40
1.33
1.23
1.12
Rank
2011
82
84
81
83
80
88
87
85
95
89
92
90
91
86
93
94
96
102
100
98
99
97
101
106
105
103
108
104
109
112
110
107
111
123
116
120
121
113
119
115
126
122
114
127
117
125
128
118
124
130
133
129
134
138
131
136
135
141
132
143
139
142
137
140
148
144
145
146
149
147
150
154
151
152
155
153
156
157
Access
2011
4.04
3.99
4.05
4.00
4.12
3.90
3.91
3.93
3.69
3.87
3.77
3.79
3.78
3.91
3.76
3.74
3.53
3.30
3.35
3.45
3.43
3.46
3.32
3.19
3.21
3.30
3.06
3.23
3.01
2.72
2.87
3.11
2.74
2.35
2.46
2.37
2.37
2.48
2.41
2.47
2.19
2.36
2.47
2.18
2.46
2.26
2.15
2.44
2.27
2.01
1.89
2.08
1.86
1.81
1.97
1.85
1.85
1.78
1.93
1.72
1.79
1.76
1.82
1.78
1.54
1.72
1.65
1.60
1.54
1.60
1.53
1.32
1.48
1.38
1.23
1.32
1.12
1.12
Box 2.11: Kenya largest amount of international Internet bandwidth per Internet user in Africa
Kenya has made significant advances in its access sub-index,
which rose from 2.35 in 2011 to 2.73 in 2012. This allowed the
Box 2.11).
and LION2 have all become operational. While the latter two are
30'000
25'000
2011
2012
20'000
15'000
10'000
5'000
0
Kenya
South
Africa
shows that the total used bandwidth has increased during the
course of 2012,77 driven mostly by the bandwidth capacity of
submarine cables (CCK, 2012).
47
Table 2.7: Top ten economies with the greatest 2011-2012 change in the IDI access sub-index, by
absolute value change (left) and rank change (right)
IDI rank
2012
Access rank
Country
2012
52
64
33
60
48
70
39
120
76
71
55
53
25
65
41
66
28
109
74
73
Lebanon
Seychelles
United Arab Emirates
Costa Rica
Kazakhstan
Panama
Bahrain
Cambodia
Jordan
Georgia
Access
value change
2011-2012
0.70
0.62
0.58
0.57
0.45
0.45
0.44
0.43
0.42
0.41
IDI rank
2012
33
116
52
85
39
48
41
115
112
119
Access rank
Country
2012
25
113
55
88
28
41
47
120
97
115
Access
rank change
2011-2012
10
10
9
7
6
6
6
6
5
5
Source: ITU.
cards, high top-up bonuses for SMS, minutes and data, as well
as cash prizes. The latest price war erupted in 2012 between the
cheap prices and high top-up bonuses for calls, SMS and data.
140
132
120
100
2011
2012
96
86
91
77
80
83
60
40
20
extended its mobile-broadband network, and increased wirelessbroadband penetration from 2 per cent in 2011 to 7 per cent in
0
Cambodia
World
48
140
133
123
120
102
Number of countries
100
80
64
53
60
40
20
31
38
17
0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Use sub-index
first, second and third, respectively, and the top ten also
remain insignificant.
49
Rank
2012
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
Use
2012
8.25
8.22
8.15
8.05
8.05
7.51
7.50
7.46
7.32
7.29
7.25
7.19
6.88
6.76
6.72
6.62
6.60
6.54
6.52
6.38
6.08
6.05
6.04
5.97
5.86
5.79
5.75
5.52
5.45
5.18
5.17
5.00
4.99
4.94
4.89
4.84
4.79
4.75
4.65
4.48
4.45
4.34
4.23
4.20
4.13
4.07
3.84
3.77
3.76
3.72
3.71
3.67
3.67
3.67
3.54
3.52
3.41
3.34
3.19
3.16
3.11
3.06
2.83
2.82
2.71
2.70
2.69
2.63
2.60
2.53
2.52
2.51
2.46
2.39
2.35
2.32
2.28
2.27
2.27
Rank
2011
2
1
3
4
5
6
10
12
9
8
7
13
11
14
17
18
16
15
24
19
20
21
25
23
27
22
26
29
30
40
28
44
32
33
34
31
35
41
36
37
39
42
38
45
52
54
51
43
46
53
47
49
55
48
63
50
59
58
56
60
57
68
61
64
74
69
76
66
70
62
71
67
65
72
81
77
75
73
84
Use
2011
8.16
8.17
7.78
7.67
7.51
7.49
6.96
6.66
6.99
7.07
7.12
6.46
6.71
6.43
6.09
6.02
6.11
6.24
5.45
5.84
5.81
5.76
5.17
5.56
5.02
5.70
5.07
4.96
4.78
3.93
5.02
3.64
4.63
4.61
4.60
4.75
4.42
3.92
4.17
4.17
4.00
3.91
4.00
3.64
3.17
2.99
3.19
3.76
3.58
3.07
3.37
3.22
2.98
3.28
2.37
3.20
2.69
2.78
2.90
2.69
2.85
2.24
2.56
2.35
2.15
2.24
2.12
2.30
2.21
2.39
2.18
2.25
2.34
2.17
1.89
2.02
2.13
2.15
1.77
Note: *The GNI per capita is based on the World Banks Atlas Method.
Source:
Source: ITU.
ITU.
50
Economy
Moldova
Colombia
Mexico
Viet Nam
Ecuador
Cape Verde
Venezuela
Fiji
Uzbekistan
Jordan
Jamaica
Tunisia
Ukraine
Nigeria
Ghana
Mongolia
Indonesia
Peru
Zimbabwe
Namibia
Suriname
Philippines
Bolivia
Guyana
Sudan
El Salvador
Tonga
Thailand
Paraguay
Kenya
Iran (I.R.)
Swaziland
Bhutan
Botswana
Syria
Sri Lanka
Cuba
Honduras
Senegal
Uganda
Algeria
India
Angola
Yemen
Nicaragua
Tanzania
Lesotho
Zambia
Solomon Islands
Lao P.D.R.
Gambia
Cambodia
Pakistan
Rwanda
Djibouti
Mauritania
Gabon
Congo
Malawi
Bangladesh
Mozambique
Comoros
Cameroon
Benin
Burkina Faso
Liberia
Central African Rep.
Guinea-Bissau
Mali
Cte d'Ivoire
Chad
Madagascar
Niger
Ethiopia
Congo (Dem. Rep.)
Guinea
Myanmar
Eritrea
Rank
2012
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
Use
2012
2.27
2.26
2.23
2.22
2.22
2.12
2.00
1.99
1.95
1.92
1.84
1.82
1.76
1.72
1.71
1.64
1.64
1.63
1.59
1.55
1.49
1.46
1.42
1.36
1.26
1.25
1.24
1.23
1.17
1.15
1.14
1.11
1.05
1.00
0.97
0.87
0.86
0.81
0.80
0.75
0.68
0.65
0.62
0.62
0.58
0.49
0.48
0.48
0.47
0.46
0.46
0.41
0.38
0.38
0.37
0.32
0.30
0.28
0.26
0.24
0.23
0.20
0.19
0.14
0.13
0.13
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.09
0.08
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.06
0.05
0.04
0.03
Rank
2011
80
82
79
78
87
93
83
88
86
89
90
85
91
95
96
100
98
92
105
102
94
99
103
97
101
108
109
104
106
107
110
118
111
114
112
116
113
117
115
121
119
124
120
122
123
126
125
127
130
129
128
139
131
135
133
132
134
137
136
138
141
140
142
143
144
145
149
146
148
147
150
151
152
153
155
154
156
157
Use
2011
1.94
1.86
1.97
2.01
1.63
1.39
1.82
1.60
1.65
1.55
1.51
1.67
1.49
1.29
1.25
1.17
1.21
1.47
1.03
1.14
1.33
1.18
1.13
1.21
1.16
0.93
0.90
1.10
1.02
0.95
0.85
0.65
0.83
0.70
0.81
0.67
0.78
0.66
0.68
0.53
0.62
0.46
0.55
0.52
0.46
0.44
0.45
0.40
0.35
0.36
0.38
0.19
0.34
0.27
0.30
0.33
0.28
0.20
0.21
0.20
0.18
0.18
0.17
0.13
0.10
0.10
0.07
0.09
0.08
0.09
0.07
0.07
0.06
0.05
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.02
Table 2.9: Top ten economies with the greatest 2011-2012 change in IDI use sub-index, by absolute
value change (left) and rank change (right)
IDI rank
2012
Use rank
2012
68
90
63
58
65
85
41
87
53
106
92
110
78
70
80
95
45
100
60
120
Use
value change
2011-2012
Ukraine
2.89
Iran (I.R.)
2.76
St. Vincent and the Gr.
2.57
Brunei Darussalam
2.54
Moldova
2.52
Mongolia
2.42
Belarus
2.40
Suriname
2.40
Argentina
2.38
Algeria
2.36
Country
IDI rank
2012
Use rank
2012
29
33
72
80
52
120
54
96
41
117
32
30
67
65
55
131
46
85
45
111
Country
Barbados
United Arab Emirates
Mauritius
Albania
Lebanon
Cambodia
Oman
Cape Verde
Belarus
Swaziland
Use
rank change
2011-2012
12
10
9
9
8
8
8
8
7
7
Source: ITU.
with the highest levels of ICT use have reached IDI values
with the weakest ICT use levels (Niger and the Central
Box2.7).
Lebanon was singled out in the 2012 MIS report for its
Internet bandwidth.82
51
cent in 2012 Albania has seen one of the highest Internet user
below the regional European average (71 per cent), and still has
after Turkey (45 per cent), Serbia (48 per cent) and Romania (50
per cent) (Chart Box 2.13). A number of policies exist to foster ICT
84
Chart Box 2.13: Individuals using the Internet, Europe, 2011 and 2012
2011
2012
Ice
No land
r
Sw wa
y
e
D
Ne en den
th ma
Lu er rk
xe lan
m ds
Un
b
ite F our
d inl g
K a
Sw ing nd
itz do
m
Geerla
rm nd
Fr any
Be anc
lg e
Au ium
Slo stri
v a
Es akia
to
Cz
ec Ir nia
h ela
Re n
pu d
b
La lic
tv
I ia
Hu sra
ng el
a
Sp ry
Bo
a
sn
M in
ia
al
S
l
an
o ta
d Lit ven
He h ia
rz uan
eg ia
ov
TF
Po ina
YR P la
M ort nd
ac ug
ed al
o
Cr nia
oa
Cy tia
pr
u
I s
Gr taly
Bu eec
lg e
Al aria
b
Ro an
m ia
a
Se nia
r
Tu bia
rk
ey
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
52
driven broadband competition and increased wirelessbroadband penetration from 39 per cent in 2011 to a high
of 58 per cent in 2012 (see Box 2.6).
Skills sub-index
IDI 2012
Range
3
2
1
0
Europe
CIS
The Americas
Arab States
Africa
53
Source:
Source: ITU.
ITU.
54
Economy
Mexico
United Arab Emirates
Mauritius
Bolivia
Saint Lucia
Tunisia
Philippines
Uzbekistan
Qatar
Jamaica
Sri Lanka
Algeria
Malaysia
China
Maldives
South Africa
Dominican Rep.
Trinidad & Tobago
Indonesia
Paraguay
Cape Verde
Viet Nam
Seychelles
Suriname
Guyana
Honduras
El Salvador
Botswana
Egypt
Syria
Nicaragua
Myanmar
Gabon
Swaziland
Morocco
Namibia
Solomon Islands
India
Ghana
Bhutan
Kenya
Lao P.D.R.
Cameroon
Cambodia
Comoros
Zimbabwe
Lesotho
Bangladesh
Yemen
Djibouti
Sudan
Congo (Dem. Rep.)
Congo
Uganda
Zambia
Gambia
Rwanda
Tanzania
Nigeria
Angola
Eritrea
Senegal
Madagascar
Pakistan
Malawi
Cte d'Ivoire
Guinea-Bissau
Liberia
Benin
Mauritania
Ethiopia
Mozambique
Guinea
Mali
Central African Rep.
Chad
Burkina Faso
Niger
Rank
2012
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
Skills
2012
7.09
7.08
7.07
7.02
6.98
6.95
6.94
6.94
6.92
6.85
6.84
6.82
6.81
6.77
6.77
6.75
6.67
6.67
6.61
6.54
6.50
6.49
6.47
6.40
6.34
5.99
5.88
5.82
5.80
5.77
5.56
5.39
5.13
5.12
5.03
4.98
4.88
4.79
4.76
4.56
4.54
4.53
4.50
4.42
4.38
4.35
4.28
4.10
4.04
3.90
3.88
3.80
3.78
3.69
3.64
3.64
3.61
3.56
3.51
3.51
3.46
3.32
3.32
3.27
3.21
3.16
3.13
3.07
3.02
3.01
2.80
2.71
2.64
2.63
2.59
2.10
1.91
1.51
Rank
2011
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
109
108
110
111
112
113
115
114
116
117
118
123
119
120
121
122
124
125
126
127
128
131
129
130
132
133
134
135
136
140
137
138
139
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
153
152
154
155
156
157
Skills
2011
7.09
7.08
7.07
7.02
6.98
6.95
6.94
6.94
6.92
6.85
6.84
6.82
6.81
6.77
6.77
6.75
6.67
6.67
6.61
6.54
6.50
6.49
6.47
6.40
6.34
5.99
5.88
5.82
5.74
5.77
5.56
5.39
5.13
5.12
4.93
4.98
4.88
4.79
4.72
4.38
4.54
4.53
4.50
4.42
4.38
4.35
4.28
4.10
4.04
3.80
3.88
3.80
3.78
3.69
3.64
3.64
3.61
3.38
3.51
3.51
3.46
3.32
3.32
3.27
3.21
3.16
3.13
3.07
3.02
3.01
2.80
2.73
2.61
2.63
2.59
2.10
1.84
1.49
the other hand, made little progress and dropped four and
region progressed.
Europe is not only the region with the highest average IDI,
Range
StDev
CV
Max.
Min.
Range
Average
value*
StDev
CV
Range
Average
value*
CV
Difference 2011-2012
Min.
IDI 2011
Max.
Region
Average
value*
IDI 2012
Europe
8.45
4.11
4.34
6.73
1.14
16.89
8.41
3.80
4.61
6.51
1.14
17.49
-0.27
0.22
-0.61
CIS
6.19
3.12
3.07
4.95
0.96
19.40
5.94
3.02
2.91
4.65
0.88
18.96
0.16
0.31
0.45
The Americas
7.53
2.54
4.99
4.45
1.33
29.87
7.35
2.39
4.96
4.22
1.26
29.91
0.03
0.22
-0.04
8.57
1.73
6.84
4.37
2.26
51.83
8.51
1.62
6.89
4.20
2.25
53.59
-0.05
0.17
-1.76
Arab States
6.54
1.70
4.84
3.94
1.74
44.08
6.41
1.68
4.74
3.68
1.58
42.82
0.10
0.26
1.25
Africa
4.75
0.99
3.75
2.00
0.94
46.98
4.36
0.93
3.43
1.87
0.85
45.22
0.33
0.13
1.76
55
Table 2.12: The top five economies in each region and their ranking in the global IDI, 2012
Regional
IDI
rank
Europe
Global
IDI
rank
Asia &
Pacific
Global
IDI
rank
The
Americas
Global
IDI
rank
Arab States
Global
IDI
rank
CIS
Global
IDI
rank
Africa
Global
IDI
rank
Sweden
Korea (Rep.)
United States
17
Qatar
31
Russian
Federation
40
Seychelles
64
Iceland
Hong Kong,
China
10
Canada
20
United Arab
Emirates
33
Belarus
41
Mauritius
72
Denmark
Australia
11
Barbados
29
Bahrain
39
Kazakhstan
48
South Africa
84
Finland
Japan
12
Uruguay
47
Saudi Arabia
50
Azerbaijan
61
Cape Verde
96
Macao,
China
14
Antigua &
Barbuda
49
Lebanon
52
Moldova
65
Botswana
108
Norway
Source: ITU.
and Arab States regions, the top five countries also rank
The top five in the Asia and the Pacific region rank closely
States and Canada), which rank in the global top 20, and their
top five are the most diverse and lowest ranked globally.
Africa
Seychelles and Mauritius are the top ranked countries in the
Africa region. They are the only African countries with an IDI
and Mauritius only South Africa and Cape Verde have IDI
per cent at end 2012, and showed very little growth from
countries lie below that average and rank very low globally.
The bottom nineteen countries in the IDI 2012 are all African
56
Chart 2.9: IDI values compared with the global, regional and developing/developed-country averages,
Africa, 2012
7
Developed
6
5
World
4
IDI
Developing
3
Africa
2
1
Se
y
M ch
So au elle
u r s
Ca th A itius
pe fr
Bo Ve ica
ts rd
Na wane
m a
Ga ibia
b
Zim Gh on
ba ana
b
Sw Ke we
az ny
i a
Ni land
g
Se eri
n a
Le eg
so al
Ga th
o
Ugmb
ia
a
n
C Za d
C am mb a
e
te ro ia
d on
Iv
An oire
g
C ol
Rwong a
Ta an o
nz da
an
Be ia
ni
n
Co
M Ma
ng
al li
o
(D L aw
M em iber i
oz . ia
M am Re
Gu ad biqp.)
in aga ue
ea s
-B ca
Et issa r
hi u
Guopi
i a
Bu
Ce
Er nea
r
k
i
nt
in tre
aF a
ra
lA
fri C aso
ca ha
n d
Re
Ni p.
ge
r
Source: ITU.
89
57
Regional rank
2012
Global rank
2012
IDI
2012
Global rank
2011
IDI
2011
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
64
72
84
96
108
109
112
113
115
116
117
122
124
126
128
130
132
136
137
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
4.75
4.55
3.95
3.53
3.00
2.85
2.61
2.60
2.52
2.46
2.44
2.18
2.02
1.95
1.88
1.81
1.77
1.72
1.70
1.68
1.66
1.66
1.65
1.60
1.54
1.43
1.39
1.31
1.31
1.28
1.26
1.24
1.23
1.20
1.18
1.01
1.00
0.99
2.00
70
74
85
96
108
111
112
114
119
116
115
123
125
126
127
130
137
136
135
138
140
143
141
142
144
145
148
146
149
147
152
150
151
153
154
156
155
157
4.36
4.23
3.67
3.18
2.83
2.60
2.46
2.30
2.16
2.23
2.27
1.96
1.88
1.84
1.79
1.72
1.64
1.66
1.66
1.63
1.58
1.54
1.57
1.57
1.43
1.41
1.27
1.30
1.26
1.28
1.19
1.22
1.20
1.15
1.11
0.94
1.00
0.93
1.87
Seychelles
Mauritius
South Africa
Cape Verde
Botswana
Namibia
Gabon
Ghana
Zimbabwe
Kenya
Swaziland
Nigeria
Senegal
Lesotho
Gambia
Uganda
Zambia
Cameroon
Cte d'Ivoire
Angola
Congo
Rwanda
Tanzania
Benin
Mali
Malawi
Liberia
Congo (Dem. Rep.)
Mozambique
Madagascar
Guinea-Bissau
Ethiopia
Guinea
Eritrea
Burkina Faso
Chad
Central African Rep.
Niger
Average*
Global rank
change
2011-2012
6
2
1
0
0
2
0
1
4
0
-2
1
1
0
-1
0
5
0
-2
-1
0
2
-1
-1
0
0
2
-1
1
-2
2
-1
-1
0
0
1
-1
0
Arab States
country average (27.5 per cent) at end 2012. South Africa has
Comoros, with IDI values of less than two, even lie far below
58
2011
160
2012
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
Se Gab
yc o
B h n
So ots elle
ut w s
h an
M Afr a
au ica
Na ritiu
m s
i
Co bia
ng
Z Gh o
C imb an
te ab a
d we
Ivo
i
Be re
ni
n
M
Ca Sen al
pe eg i
V al
Ga erde
m
Za bia
m
Gu
in Ke bia
ea n
-B ya
is
Ni sau
Sw ge
r
Ca azil ia
m and
e
Le roon
s
Bu Ta oth
rk nza o
in n
a F ia
Lib aso
Rw eri
an a
An da
Ug gola
a
M G nda
ad u
ag ina
as
M
ca
o
za Ch r
Co
m
ng
bi ad
o
qu
(D
em Ni e
g
.
R er
Ce
nt
M ep.)
ra
a
l A Et law
fri hio i
ca p
n ia
R
Er ep.
itr
ea
countries in the IDI 2012 (see section 2.2 and Boxes 2.6
Chart 2.11: IDI values compared with the global, regional and developing/developed-country
averages, Arab States, 2012
7
Developed
6
5
World
4
Arab States
Developing
IDI
3
2
1
ia
Al
ge
ria
Su
da
n
Ye
m
en
Dj
ib
ou
M
ti
au
rit
an
i
Co a
m
or
os
Sy
r
hr
ai
n
ud
iA
ra
bi
Le a
ba
no
n
Om
an
Jo
rd
an
Eg
yp
t
M
or
oc
co
Tu
ni
sia
Sa
Ba
UA
E
Qa
ta
r
Source: ITU.
59
Qatar, the regions number one: between 2011 and 2012, the
and 2012, from 29 per cent to 32 per cent and from 21 per
IDI value between itself and Qatar from 0.73 to 0.13, and by
2012 the two Gulf countries rank very close only two places
cent in 2012.
the result that the country lost four places in the global IDI
IDI value, and were thus unable to improve their global IDI
is also very low, and little progress has been made from
60
Regional rank
2012
Global rank
2012
IDI
2012
Global rank
2011
IDI
2011
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
31
33
39
50
52
54
76
86
89
91
102
106
119
127
131
133
138
6.54
6.41
6.30
5.69
5.37
5.36
4.22
3.85
3.79
3.70
3.22
3.07
2.33
1.89
1.77
1.76
1.70
3.94
30
45
42
48
61
58
77
87
89
92
99
105
118
129
131
133
134
6.41
5.68
5.79
5.46
4.62
4.80
3.90
3.65
3.59
3.58
3.13
2.98
2.19
1.76
1.71
1.70
1.68
3.68
Global rank
change
2011-2012
-1
12
3
-2
9
4
1
1
0
1
-3
-1
-1
2
0
0
-4
by end 2012.
cent. Algeria (15 per cent), Djibouti (8 per cent), Sudan (21
per cent), Syria (24 per cent) and Yemen (17 per cent) remain
and the United Arab Emirates, where the rate more than
doubled, to 26 per cent and 51 per cent, respectively.
clearly stands apart from the rest of the Asia and the Pacific
above the global average, the remaining Asia and the Pacific
have the lowest IDI values in the region, and rank very low
61
Chart 2.12: Individuals using the Internet, Arab States, 2011 and 2012
100
90
80
70
2011
60
2012
50
40
30
20
10
0
Chart 2.13: IDI values compared with the global, regional and developing/developed-country
averages, Asia and the Pacific, 2012
9
8
7
Developed
IDI
World
Asia & Pacific
Developing
3
2
1
Ho Ko
ng rea
Ko (R
ng ep
, C .)
Au hin
st a
ra
M
ac Ja lia
ao pa
, n
S Ch
Br N inga ina
un ew po
ei Ze re
Da a
ru lan
ss d
a
M lam
al
M ays
al ia
di
ve
Ch s
in
a
M F
on iji
Vi gol
et ia
Ira Nam
n
Th (I.R.
)
In aila
do nd
Ph ne
ilip sia
pi
ne
To s
Sr ng
iL a
an
Bh ka
Ca ut
m an
bo
d
So L In ia
lo ao di
m P a
on .D
Isl .R.
a
Pa nds
k
M ista
Ba yan n
ng ma
la r
de
sh
Source: ITU.
62
that the majority of Asia and the Pacific countries are falling
by New Zealand (87 per cent) and Japan (86 per cent). A
the conceptual framework upon which the IDI has been built.
Regional rank
2012
Global rank
2012
IDI
2012
Global rank
2011
IDI
2011
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
1
10
11
12
14
15
16
58
59
73
78
82
85
88
90
95
97
98
101
107
118
120
121
123
125
129
134
135
8.57
7.92
7.90
7.82
7.65
7.65
7.64
5.06
5.04
4.53
4.18
3.99
3.92
3.80
3.79
3.54
3.43
3.34
3.23
3.06
2.40
2.30
2.21
2.10
1.97
1.83
1.74
1.73
4.37
1
10
15
8
13
14
18
56
57
71
79
81
90
86
88
94
97
98
101
107
117
121
120
122
124
128
132
139
8.51
7.66
7.54
7.77
7.57
7.55
7.31
4.93
4.81
4.31
3.86
3.79
3.59
3.65
3.61
3.42
3.14
3.14
3.09
2.92
2.19
2.05
2.13
1.99
1.91
1.78
1.70
1.62
4.20
Global rank
change
2011-2012
0
0
4
-4
-1
-1
2
-2
-2
-2
1
-1
5
-2
-2
-1
0
0
0
0
-1
1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-2
4
63
Chart 2.14: Mobile-cellular telephone subscriptions, Asia and the Pacific, 2011 and 2012
> 200%
2011
200
2012
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
M
Ho aca
ng o,
Ko Ch
ng ina
,C
M hina
al
d
Sin ive
ga s
p
Vi ore
et
N
M am
al
Ca ays
m ia
bo
Th dia
ai
M lan
on d
Br
g
un In olil
ei do a
Da ne
ru sia
Ko ssa
re lam
Ne a (R
w ep
Ze .)
al
an
d
J
a
Ph p
ilip an
p
Au ines
st
La rali
o a
D.
P.R
.
Sr Fij
iL i
an
ka
Ch
Ira ina
n
(I.
R
Bh .)
ut
an
In
d
Pa ia
Ba kis
ng tan
la
de
So
sh
lo
T
m o
on ng
Is a
M land
ya s
nm
ar
of Korea (38 per cent) and Singapore (26 per cent). Fixed
end 2012, over 20 million more than in 2011. China also has
the lowest IDI value in the region (Table 2.16). While all CIS
(31.5 per cent), New Zealand (28 per cent), the Republic
64
cent in all CIS countries except Uzbekistan. The CIS region has
Regional rank
2012
Global rank
2012
IDI
2012
Global rank
2011
IDI
2011
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
40
41
48
61
65
68
71
74
104
6.19
6.11
5.74
5.01
4.74
4.64
4.59
4.45
3.12
4.95
38
46
49
60
67
69
73
75
104
5.94
5.57
5.41
4.62
4.46
4.38
4.24
4.18
3.02
4.65
Global rank
change
2011-2012
-2
5
1
-1
2
1
2
1
0
Chart 2.15: IDI values compared with the global, regional and developing/developed-country
averages, CIS, 2012
7
Developed
6
5
CIS
World
4
IDI
Developing
3
2
1
0
Source: ITU.
65
Chart 2.16: Households with Internet access, CIS, 2011 and 2012
60
2011
50
2012
40
30
20
10
0
This situation refers to the fact that one person has several
between 2011 and 2012, and all CIS countries apart from
tariffs for on-net calls and off-net calls. This led to the fact that
94
66
Europe
Europe boasts the highest regional IDI of 6.73, and a generally
high level of ICT development. All European countries,
with the exception of Albania, have an IDI value above the
global average (4.35), and about half have an IDI above the
subscriptions.
Chart 2.17: IDI values compared with the global, regional and developing/developed-country
averages, Europe, 2012
9
8
7
Developed
Europe
IDI
6
5
4
World
Developing
3
2
1
0
Sw
e
I de
Decela n
nm nd
Fin ar
k
Un Ne No land
ite the rw
d r ay
Lu Kin land
xe gd s
Sw mb om
itz ou
er rg
l
F an
Ge ran d
rm ce
Au an
y
Es stria
to
n
Ire ia
la
M nd
Be al
lgi ta
u
Isr m
ae
SloSpa l
ve in
ni
Cz
ec G Ita a
h re ly
Re e
pu ce
b
L li
Po atv c
rtu ia
Po ga
l
Cr land
Hu oat
n ia
Sl ga
Lit ova ry
hu kia
Cy ania
Bu pru
Bo
Ro lga s
sn TF
m ria
ia YR
an M S ani
d a er a
He ce b
rz do ia
eg ni
ov a
Tu ina
Al rke
ba y
ni
a
Source: ITU.
67
Regional rank
2012
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
Global rank
2012
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
13
18
19
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
30
32
34
35
36
37
38
42
43
44
45
46
55
56
57
67
69
80
IDI
2012
8.45
8.36
8.35
8.24
8.13
8.00
7.98
7.93
7.78
7.53
7.46
7.36
7.28
7.25
7.25
7.16
7.11
6.89
6.76
6.57
6.45
6.40
6.36
6.32
6.31
6.31
6.10
6.05
5.88
5.86
5.83
5.35
5.34
5.19
4.71
4.64
4.11
6.73
Global rank
2011
2
4
3
5
6
7
11
9
12
19
17
21
25
22
24
23
26
27
28
29
33
31
37
35
32
34
39
40
41
43
47
54
51
55
64
66
80
IDI
2011
8.41
8.12
8.18
7.99
7.97
7.85
7.63
7.76
7.62
7.26
7.33
7.10
6.74
7.10
6.85
6.85
6.70
6.65
6.60
6.43
6.21
6.30
6.00
6.07
6.22
6.14
5.91
5.85
5.79
5.71
5.50
5.05
5.38
4.93
4.49
4.47
3.80
6.51
Global rank
change
2011-2012
0
1
-1
0
0
0
3
0
-1
1
-2
0
3
-1
0
-2
0
0
0
-1
1
-3
2
-1
-5
-4
-3
-3
-3
-2
1
-1
-5
-2
-3
-3
0
68
2011
2012
Fin
Sw land
De ede
nm n
No ark
rw
Un Lux Est ay
ite em oni
d bo a
Ki u
ng rg
d
Ice om
l
Ire and
la
nd
Ne
th Isra
er el
la
n
M ds
Au alta
st
r
La ia
tv
Sp ia
Cr ain
o
Cz
ec Po atia
h la
Re n
pu d
Fr blic
an
ce
It
Sw Gr aly
itz eec
er e
Bu lan
d
Ge lgar
rm ia
a
Se ny
Slo rbi
a
Slo vak
ve ia
Cy nia
Be pru
l s
Po gium
rtu
Hu ga
TF
YR R nga l
M om ry
ac an
ed ia
o
Bo
Al nia
sn
ba
ia
an
T nia
d Li urk
He th ey
r z ua
eg ni
ov a
in
a
have a computer (97 per cent) and Iceland has the second
Turkey (16 per cent), Bosnia and Herzegovina (12 per cent)
and Lithuania (12 per cent) have the lowest penetration rates
69
that those countries that are still below the target added
include Portugal (11 per cent), Romania (14 per cent) and
The Americas
The Americas regional IDI ranking is headed by the United
States (7.53) and Canada (7.38), the only two developed
countries in the Americas region. Both have IDI values well
above the developed-country average of 6.78. Just over half
of the countries in the region have an IDI value below the
global average of 4.35. Nicaragua ranks last regionally and
114th globally, with an IDI of 2.54 (Chart 2.19).
Chart 2.19: IDI values compared with the global, regional and developing/developed-country
averages, the Americas, 2012
8
7
Developed
IDI
5
4
The Americas
World
Developing
3
2
1
Un
ite
St
at
Ca es
n
Ba ad
An
rb a
tig
a
ua Ur do
& ugu s
Ba ay
rb
ud
a
C
Ar hil
ge e
St
Co nti
.V
sta na
in
Ri
ce
ca
Tr nt
in an Bra
id d zi
ad th l
& eG
To .
b
Pa ago
na
St ma
.
Co Luc
lo ia
Ve m
ne bia
z
Ec uela
ua
d
M or
ex
Su ic
rin o
am
e
Pe
Do
r
J
m am u
in a
ica ic
n a
Re
p
B
El o .
Sa liv
lv ia
Pa ado
ra r
g
Gu uay
y
Ho an
nd a
ur
as
Ni Cub
ca a
ra
gu
a
Source: ITU.
70
from 92 per cent in 2011 to 128 per cent by end 2012, after
than 100 per cent between 2011 and 2012. These include
Regional rank
2012
Global rank
2012
IDI
2012
Global rank
2011
IDI
2011
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
17
20
29
47
49
51
53
60
62
63
66
70
75
77
79
81
83
87
92
93
94
99
100
103
105
110
111
114
7.53
7.38
6.65
5.76
5.74
5.46
5.36
5.03
5.00
4.81
4.73
4.61
4.43
4.20
4.17
4.08
3.95
3.84
3.68
3.68
3.58
3.28
3.25
3.21
3.08
2.74
2.72
2.54
4.45
16
20
36
50
44
52
53
65
62
59
63
68
72
78
76
83
82
84
91
93
95
102
103
100
106
109
110
113
7.35
7.14
6.01
5.38
5.70
5.08
5.06
4.47
4.59
4.71
4.54
4.38
4.28
3.89
4.00
3.73
3.78
3.73
3.58
3.54
3.36
3.08
3.06
3.10
2.96
2.70
2.66
2.39
4.22
Global rank
change
2011-2012
-1
0
7
3
-5
1
0
5
0
-4
-3
-2
-3
1
-3
2
-1
-3
-1
0
1
3
3
-3
1
-1
-1
-1
71
Chart 2.20: Households with Internet access, the Americas, 2011 and 2012
90
80
2011
70
2012
60
50
40
30
20
10
Sa
in
tV
in
ce
nt
an
d
th
e
G.
Barbuda (84 per cent) and Barbados (73 per cent) likewise
namely Canada (33 per cent) and the United States (28
since 2011.
72
Endnotes
This section is based on the 2012 edition of Measuring the Information Society. The presentation of the conceptual framework and methodology
of the IDI is maintained in each version of the report, to help the reader. The reader is also advised to consult the 2009 edition of Measuring the
Information Society, which provides more information on the development of the IDI concept and methodology. Annex 1 to this report describes
the methodology in more detail.
Data on the indicators included in the skills sub-index are sourced from the UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS). See Annex 1 for more details on the
definition of the indicators.
In this context, the recommendations made by experts in relation to the development of the single index were taken into consideration. Between
2007 and 2008, ITU maintained an online discussion forum with more than 100 participants on the preparation of the single index.
The revision was part of the overall review of ITUs infrastructure indicators, and was carried out through its Expert Group on Telecommunication/ICT
Indicators (EGTI). The definition adopted by ITU is in line with the OECD definition of wireless broadband. Active mobile-broadband subscriptions
include (a) standard mobile subscriptions with use of data communications at broadband speeds (i.e. mobile-cellular subscriptions with advertised
data speeds of 256 kbit/s or greater and which have been used to set up an Internet data connection) and (b) dedicated mobile data subscriptions
at broadband speeds (i.e. subscriptions to dedicated data services over a mobile network which are purchased separately from voice services,
either as a standalone service e.g. using a data card such as a USB modem/dongle or as an add-on data package to voice services requiring an
additional subscription). For more information, see http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/ict/handbook.html.
By end 2012, Japan and Singapore also had mobile-broadband penetration rates above 100 per cent.
See http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_STAT-12-185_en.htm.
10
See http://www.pts.se/en-gb/News/Press-releases/2012/Half-of-households-and-businesses-in-Sweden-can-get-fast-broadband/.
11
See http://www.lightreading.com/ip-convergence/teliasonera-first-to-go-live-with-lte/240111802.
12
See http://www.hkcsl.com/en/pdf/2012/SKT_CSL_LTE_roaming_launch_ENG.pdf.
13
14
See http://media.ofcom.org.uk/2012/06/18/boosting-business-telecoms-to-meet-growing-demand-for-data/.
15
See http://speedtest.ofca.gov.hk/index.html.
16
See https://ec.europa.eu/digital-agenda/telecoms-rules.
17
See https://ec.europa.eu/digital-agenda/node/641.
18
19
See http://ec.europa.eu/digital-agenda/en/single-telecom-market-growth-jobs.
20
21
See http://www.tra.org.bh/EN/pdf/2012TelecommunicationsmarketsindicatorsvFforpublic.pdf.
22
23
See http://www.btrc.gov.bd/jdownloads/Licensing%20Guidelines/btrc_license_summary_06-03-2013_.pdf.
24
See http://lirneasia.net/2013/01/graphic-evidence-of-consequences-of-not-paying-attention-to-redundancy-bangladeshs-internationalconnectivity/.
25
26
27
See http://www.mpt.gov.by/en/content/1928.22Mobile-broadbandsubscriptionsincludeGPRS.
28
See http://www.telegeography.com/products/commsupdate/articles/2013/01/29/mts-belarus-reports-1-5m-mobile-internet-subscribers-in-2012/.
29
See http://www.mc.gov.br/acoes-e-programas/programa-nacional-de-banda-larga-pnbl/252-temas/programa-nacional-de-banda-largapnbl/23723-termos-de-compromisso.
30
See http://www.mc.gov.br/acoes-e-programas/programa-nacional-de-banda-larga-pnbl.
31
See http://www.teleco.com.br/3g_cobertura.asp.
32
73
See http://www.americamovil.com/amx/cm/reports/Q/1Q12EN.pdf.
33
See http://www.telegeography.com/products/commsupdate/articles/2013/01/25/sutel-to-choose-firm-for-mnp/?utm_
source=CommsUpdate&utm_campaign=d99ad5b718-CommsUpdate+25+January+2013&utm_medium=email.
34
35
See http://estonia.eu/about-estonia/economy-a-it/e-estonia.html.
36
See http://point-topic.com/press-and-events/2012/estonia-a-leader-in-mobile-and-superfast-broadband/.
37
See http://www.ustr.gov/trade-agreements/free-trade-agreements/cafta-dr-dominican-republic-central-america-fta.
38
See http://www.telecomsinsight.com/file/92741/costa-rica-telecoms-ready-to-reach-potential.html,
http://www.telegeography.com/products/commsupdate/articles/2005/10/03/ice-gsm-lines-face-further-delays/ and
http://www.telegeography.com/products/commsupdate/articles/2005/06/16/first-come-first-served-in-queue-for-ice/.
39
See http://www.bnamericas.com/news/privatization/market-liberalization-has-positive-effect-on-mobile-penetration-levels-sutel.
40
See http://www.grupoice.com/wps/portal/gice/acerca_ice/acerca_ice_asi_somos/acerca_ice_asi_somos_historia/!ut/p/c5/04_
SB8K8xLLM9MSSzPy8xBz9CP0os_gQL0N_D2cLEwN_Vy8XA08zY09TUzNTi1BnI6B8JJK8QYClK1De1dcyyMzVwMDAhBjdBjiAowE3SbGaHajyBsEGJuQ5HJM0_Hr9vPIz03VL8gNDQ2NKFcEAKzriVk!/dl3/d3/L2dBISEvZ0FBIS9nQSEh/.
41
See http://www.prepaidmvno.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Future_MVNOs_Latin_America_-_August_2012.pdf.
42
See http://www.telegeography.com/products/commsupdate/articles/2013/01/25/sutel-to-choose-firm-for-mnp/?utm_
source=CommsUpdate&utm_campaign=d99ad5b718-CommsUpdate+25+January+2013&utm_medium=email.
43
See http://www.telegeography.com/products/commsupdate/articles/2012/05/15/hot-golan-launch-3g-networks/.
44
See http://www.moc.gov.il/sip_storage/FILES/5/605.pdf.
45
46
See http://www.crc.gov.mn/en/main.php?cid=1&do=5&did=0.
47
See http://www.oxfordbusinessgroup.com/news/make-connection-small-population-spread-over-huge-area-creates-number-hurdles.
48
49
See http://www.ita.gov.om/ITAPortal/ITA/strategy.aspx?NID=646&PID=2323&LID=115.
50
See http://www.omantel.om/OmanWebLib/MediaCenter/Press%20Release.aspx?LinkID=5&MenuId=183.
51
See http://www.nawras.om/nawras/mediacentre/pressreleases/tabid/250/vw/1/itemid/36/--nawras-network-turbocharging-programme-positivelyimpacts-the-customer-experience-.aspx.
52
53
See http://www.oman.om/wps/portal/index/!ut/p/c5/04_SB8K8xLLM9MSSzPy8xBz9CP0os3hjA3cDA39LT1_
vEF9HAyPjMDcvSx8zYxcXE6B8pFm8AQ7gaEBAdzjIPrz6_Tzyc1P1C3IjDHQdFRUBGuNB1g!!/dl3/d3/L2dBISEvZ0FBIS9nQSEh/.
54
See http://www.nation.sc/index.php?art=27695.
55
56
See http://www.balancingact-africa.com/news/en/issue-no-569/telecoms/zambia-waives-duty-t/en.
57
See http://www.balancingact-africa.com/news/en/issue-no-586/telecoms/mtn-goes-green-in-za/en.
58
See http://news.idg.no/cw/art.cfm?id=AA6ADFA1-AC08-48EC-3C5791B2DDD71EE3.
59
According to a document published by the Ministry of Transport, Works, Supply and Communication in July 2012.
60
61
See http://www.parliament.gov.zm/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_view&gid=1007.
62
See http://allafrica.com/stories/201303121306.html?page=2.
63
See http://www.balancingact-africa.com/news/en/issue-no-586/telecoms/mtn-goes-green-in-za/en.
64
See http://www.itnewsafrica.com/2013/01/airtel-zambias-rural-investment-pays-off/.
65
66
See http://www.telegeography.com/products/commsupdate/articles/2012/11/26/potraz-targets-improved-coverage-in-remote-areas/.
67
See https://www.econet.co.zw/media-centre/general-news/ecocash-handles-100m-monthly;
http://www.telegeography.com/products/commsupdate/articles/2012/10/02/ecocash-attracts-1-7m-users-in-first-year/ and
https://www.econet.co.zw/ecocash/.
68
74
See http://www.potraz.gov.zw/files/POTRAZ_Quaterly_Sector_Statistics.pdf.
69
See http://www.telegeography.com/products/commsupdate/articles/2013/04/17/international-bandwidth-demand-is-decentralising/.
70
See http://www.telegeography.com/products/commsupdate/articles/2012/12/13/ntt-lands-ase-in-hong-kong-ahead-of-target-q1-launch/.
71
See ITU, Broadband Commission for Digital Development and Cisco, 2013.
72
See http://www.teams.co.ke/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=59&Itemid=53.
73
74
See http://www.lion-submarinesystem.com/.
75
See http://www.orange-tkl.co.ke/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=284:lion2-submarine-cable-goes-live&catid=1:latestnews&Itemid=28.
76
Total used bandwidth increased from 278 329 Mbit/s in September 2012 to 328 641 Mbit/s by December 2012.
77
78
79
See http://www.itu.int/net/pressoffice/press_releases/2013/CM04.aspx#.UcrdTfn0Geg.
80
ITU, 2012a.
81
ITU correspondence with Central African Republics Agence de rgulation des tlcommunications.
82
83
See http://www.telegeography.com/products/commsupdate/articles/2013/03/01/the-eagle-has-landed-incumbent-swoops-into-3g-sector/.
84
85
86
The regions in this chapter refer to the ITU/BDT regions, see http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/ict/definitions/regions/index.html.
87
The coefficient of variation (CV) measures the dispersion of a variable independently of the variables measurement unit. The higher the CV, the
greater the dispersion in the variable.
88
See http://www.lion-submarinesystem.com/.
89
See http://www.nation.sc/index.php?art=27695.
90
See http://www.iam.ma/Groupe/Presse/CommuniquesDePresse/Pages/DetailDuCommuniqueDePresse.aspx?itemID=66.
91
See http://www.cellular-news.com/story/19503.php.
92
See http://www.ftthcouncil.eu/documents/Presentations/20121016PressConfBBWF.pdf.
93
For an overview of MTR regulation in the European Union, see the list of countries applying ex-ante regulation to voice call termination on mobile
networks (Market 7 under the 2007 EC Recommendation on Relevant Markets), available at
https://ec.europa.eu/digital-agenda/sites/digital-agenda/files/Market_overview_25_february_2013.pdf. For more information on the regulatory
accounting principles applied to MTRs in Europe, see the European Commissions Recommendation on the Regulatory Treatment of Fixed and
Mobile Termination Rates in the EU, available at: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2009:124:0067:0074:EN:PDF.
94
See http://www.vodafone.al/vodafone/Vodafone_Albania_202_2.php.
95
See http://www.telegeography.com/products/commsupdate/articles/2009/07/30/3g-launches-in-turkey/.
96
See http://www.mc.gov.br/acoes-e-programas/programa-nacional-de-banda-larga-pnbl.
97
98
See http://www.nationnews.com/articles/view/digicel-launches-4g-network/.
99
100
See http://www.telegeography.com/products/commsupdate/articles/2013/01/21/vtr-passes-150000-mobile-users/.
101
75
3.1 Introduction
Since the first ICT Price Basket (IPB) was published in 2009
By end 2008 the reference year for the first IPB published
cellular (voice and SMS) and fixed broadband. The IPB has
end 2013 that figure will have grown fivefold. The number
(Chapter 1).
Conversely, fixed-telephone subscriptions have been
declining since 2009. Mobile-cellular subscriptions have
reached saturation in the majority of countries, and as a
result the policy focus is shifting from how many people
use a mobile phone to how many people use a mobile
phone for accessing the Internet.
In response to these dynamic trends, this chapter focuses
on an analysis of broadband prices and affordability. It
goes beyond the regular review of fixed-broadband prices
included in the chapter on IPB in previous MIS reports, and
includes a comprehensive analysis of mobile-broadband
prices and affordability, based on the extended data
collection carried out by ITU in 2012.
broadband affordability.
77
as well as the general IPB ranking combining the three subbaskets expressed in terms of GNI per capita (GNI p.c.). Prices
are expressed as a percentage of GNI p.c. in order to show
them in relative terms to the income generated by each
country, thus pointing to the affordability of each ICT service.
The methodological details of the IPB and the collection of
mobile-broadband prices can be found in Annex 2.
31.0 per cent of GNI p.c. in 2012, down from 164.6 per cent
in 2008. The steepest fall was seen between 2008 and 2009,
78
Chart 3.1: Fixed-broadband prices, as a percentage of GNI p.c. (left) and annual change (right),
2008-2012
120
115.1
164.6
Developed
Developing
100
World
As % of GNI p.c.
85.1
Developing
Developed
80
1.9
-22.5
-23.0
World
1.4
-31.8
-32.2
2011/2012
2010/2011
59.4
60
-17.0
59.7
40
41.8
28.5
20
2.5
2.0
1.7
1.7
2008
2009
2010
2011
2009/2010
-30.0
40.3
-30.2
31.0
22.1
-19.1
2008/2009
-48.1
-48.3
1.7
2012
Note: Simple averages. Based on 144 economies for which 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2012 fixed-broadband prices were available.
Source: ITU. GNI p.c. is based on World Bank data.
1.4 and 1.9 per cent in 2011 and 2012, respectively. In most
Table 3.1: Minimum advertised fixed-broadband speeds, percentage of countries, 2008 and 2012
2008
2012
0.256
45.1
20.8
>0.256 - 0.512
18.8
16.0
>0.512 - 1.024
17.4
18.1
>1.024 - 2.048
7.6
13.9
>2.048 - 10
9.0
20.1
6.9
2.1
4.2
>10 - 50
Speed not specified
Note: Based on 144 economies for which 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2012 fixed-broadband prices were available.
Source: ITU.
79
Chart 3.2: Fixed-braodband median price per Mbit/s, in USD, world and by level of development, 2008
and 2012
38.9
Developing
141.1
19.5
World
2012
70.1
2008
4.4
Developed
21.4
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
no plans at 256 kbit/s are offered and advertised speeds are often
the price of these unlimited offers is still very competitive and most
the data-collection exercise. In some cases, the price for the rental of
80
Chart 3.2 shows that the price per unit of speed (Mbit/s)
Chart 3.3: Fixed-broadband prices, as a percentage of GNI p.c., by level of development, number of
countries, 2012
60
Developed
Developing
50
Number of countries
40
34
10
30
20
26
10
21
18
6
0
0-2
2-5
5-8
20
18
8-10
10-20
20-30
30-40
7
40-50
>50
81
Economy
Macao, China
Kuwait
United States
Switzerland
Luxembourg
Andorra
United Kingdom
Japan
Norway
Hong Kong, China
Qatar
France
Sweden
Singapore
Netherlands
Cyprus
Belgium
Denmark
Finland
Italy
Trinidad & Tobago
Austria
Canada
Ireland
Iceland
Germany
Greece
Lithuania
Russian Federation
United Arab Emirates
Malta
Spain
Latvia
Turkey
Romania
Czech Republic
Uruguay
Maldives
Venezuela
Korea (Rep.)
Israel
Australia
Oman
Bahamas
Croatia
Portugal
Seychelles
Estonia
Mauritius
Slovenia
Poland
Kazakhstan
Bulgaria
Brunei Darussalam
Brazil
Bahrain
Slovakia
Tunisia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Sri Lanka
Panama
Mexico
Lebanon
New Zealand
Belarus
Costa Rica
Chile
Saudi Arabia
Azerbaijan
Ukraine
Hungary
Malaysia
Montenegro
TFYR Macedonia
Egypt
St. Kitts and Nevis
Albania
Colombia
Algeria
Peru
Libya
Barbados
Armenia
Serbia
Argentina
as % of
GNI p.c.
0.2
0.4
0.4
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.3
1.3
1.4
1.4
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
2.0
2.0
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.3
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.7
2.9
2.9
2.9
3.1
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
4.0
4.3
4.3
4.5
4.5
USD
7.9
14.5
15.0
38.3
40.3
21.8
20.8
26.6
53.3
21.6
54.9
29.2
36.8
30.0
35.4
21.9
34.7
46.4
37.4
28.0
12.3
41.6
40.4
34.8
31.8
41.7
23.7
12.1
10.2
40.6
19.3
33.5
13.8
12.5
9.5
22.6
14.9
8.2
15.4
27.1
38.3
61.9
26.0
30.0
19.0
29.2
16.3
22.2
12.2
36.2
19.9
13.2
10.5
51.7
17.8
26.6
27.6
7.0
8.3
4.5
14.0
17.6
17.6
59.2
11.9
15.8
25.8
39.7
12.7
7.5
31.0
21.6
19.5
13.5
7.6
36.7
11.9
18.7
14.1
18.0
40.8
45.2
12.1
21.2
36.5
PPP$
9.3
12.6
15.0
23.4
31.5
N/A
19.2
19.9
33.7
31.3
52.8
24.1
26.7
36.6
30.2
22.9
28.8
31.8
28.8
25.5
19.2
35.3
32.4
29.8
26.1
37.3
24.2
18.4
16.6
42.9
24.8
33.6
19.1
20.8
17.2
28.8
16.3
11.5
18.3
36.5
34.0
38.4
29.8
43.0
26.2
33.1
36.7
29.5
20.1
41.0
31.5
15.4
21.5
77.6
16.6
34.6
37.6
15.4
15.7
8.9
25.5
26.7
26.1
49.0
30.9
22.3
31.1
47.3
18.6
15.1
47.8
34.8
36.8
32.1
17.2
41.6
26.4
26.7
23.4
30.9
67.5
66.1
21.3
40.8
58.7
GNI p.c.,
USD, 2011
(or latest
available)
45460
48900
48450
76380
78130
41750
37780
45180
88890
35160
80440
42420
53230
42930
49730
29450
46160
60390
48420
35330
15040
48300
45560
38580
35020
43980
25030
12280
10400
40760
18620
30990
12350
10410
7910
18520
11860
6530
11920
20870
28930
46200
19260
21970
13850
21250
11130
15200
8240
23610
12480
8220
6550
31800
10720
15920
16070
4070
4780
2580
7910
9240
9110
29350
5830
7660
12280
17820
5290
3120
12730
8420
7060
4730
2600
12480
3980
6110
4470
5500
12320
12660
3360
5680
9740
Fixed-broadband prices
Rank
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
Economy
Iran (I.R.)
Gabon
South Africa
Grenada
Morocco
Georgia
Jordan
India
Mongolia
Dominican Rep.
Antigua & Barbuda
Dominica
Thailand
China
Ecuador
Bhutan
Fiji
Saint Lucia
Suriname
St. Vincent
El Salvador
Jamaica
Bangladesh
Moldova
Syria
Guatemala
Paraguay
Sudan
Indonesia
Uzbekistan
Botswana
Guyana
Turkmenistan
Viet Nam
Cape Verde
Honduras
Philippines
Micronesia
Bolivia
Marshall Islands
Pakistan
Angola
Samoa
Belize
Kyrgyzstan
Yemen
Namibia
Nepal
Tonga
Nicaragua
Mauritania
Swaziland
Djibouti
Uganda
Cambodia
Ghana
Nigeria
Tanzania
Senegal
Timor-Leste
Vanuatu
Kiribati
Cte d'Ivoire
Kenya
Zimbabwe
Cameroon
Ethiopia
Comoros
Benin
Haiti
Lesotho
Zambia
Burkina Faso
Mali
Togo
S. Tom & Principe
Mozambique
Papua New Guinea
Malawi
Madagascar
Niger
Afghanistan
Solomon Islands
Cuba
as % of
GNI p.c.
4.7
4.8
4.8
4.9
4.9
5.0
5.1
5.1
5.3
5.3
5.5
5.6
5.6
5.6
5.8
6.2
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.6
7.0
7.0
7.3
7.7
7.9
8.6
8.8
9.0
9.1
9.1
9.2
10.1
10.2
11.3
11.3
12.1
12.4
13.7
14.4
15.3
15.5
15.7
16.1
16.3
16.3
16.5
17.5
17.8
19.2
22.8
26.8
27.5
29.9
32.9
34.0
36.6
39.0
42.4
42.8
43.5
44.0
44.0
46.2
49.3
56.3
61.0
71.0
81.5
81.5
81.9
84.0
85.1
98.2
98.4
101.2
103.0
149.3
150.5
169.7
177.8
210.2
221.3
280.2
386.9
Source: ITU. GNI p.c. and PPP$ are based on World Bank data. USD exchange rates are based on IMF data.
82
USD
17.8
31.8
28.1
29.4
12.2
11.9
18.7
6.0
10.3
23.3
54.9
33.0
20.7
23.2
20.2
10.7
19.5
36.2
41.9
33.6
20.3
29.2
4.7
12.8
18.1
20.6
21.8
9.7
22.2
11.5
57.3
24.5
35.0
11.8
33.3
19.9
22.9
33.0
24.5
50.0
14.5
53.2
42.7
50.0
12.5
14.7
68.7
8.0
57.3
22.2
22.3
75.7
31.6
14.0
23.5
43.0
39.0
19.1
38.1
99.0
105.2
77.4
42.4
33.7
30.0
61.5
23.7
52.3
53.0
47.8
85.4
82.3
46.6
50.0
47.2
116.8
58.5
185.6
48.1
63.7
63.0
53.5
259.2
1760.4
PPP$
48.6
45.7
38.4
42.2
20.0
20.4
24.0
14.4
16.0
41.6
70.3
58.6
36.2
36.1
37.4
27.2
21.3
48.5
47.4
57.8
37.8
42.2
11.8
22.0
38.9
32.1
32.6
16.9
29.7
21.2
97.4
28.2
68.1
26.2
36.2
36.2
39.9
39.8
51.9
N/A
33.8
61.3
55.3
81.3
28.2
25.4
88.6
16.6
64.1
52.5
49.8
124.0
60.2
42.2
62.0
51.6
68.0
54.9
67.5
175.4
158.7
111.2
64.0
71.6
N/A
115.2
74.0
72.2
107.6
77.7
132.4
0.1
101.7
82.2
84.3
163.1
107.4
271.1
119.7
132.7
123.3
129.0
502.6
N/A
GNI p.c.,
USD, 2011
(or latest
available)
4520
7980
6960
7220
2970
2860
4380
1410
2320
5240
12060
7090
4420
4940
4140
2070
3680
6680
7640
6100
3480
4980
770
1980
2750
2870
2970
1300
2940
1510
7480
2900
4110
1260
3540
1970
2210
2900
2040
3910
1120
4060
3190
3690
920
1070
4700
540
3580
1170
1000
3300
1270
510
830
1410
1200
540
1070
2730
2870
2110
1100
820
640
1210
400
770
780
700
1220
1160
570
610
560
1360
470
1480
340
430
360
290
1110
5460
As % of GNI p.c.
50
40
30
World average (22.1)
20
10
0
Europe
CIS
Arab States
The Americas
Africa
with the least affordable prices (Cuba). The Asia and the
just 1.5 per cent of GNI p.c. (Chart 3.4 and Table 3.3). The
Table 3.3: Fixed-broadband prices ranges and averages as a percentage of GNI p.c., by region, 2012
Region
Europe
Minimum
0.6
Maximum
4.5
Range
3.9
Average value
1.5
CIS
1.2
16.3
15.1
5.8
Arab States
0.4
81.5
81.1
10.8
The Americas
0.4
386.9
386.5
18.9
0.2
280.2
280.0
28.9
Africa
1.8
210.2
208.4
64.3
Source: ITU.
83
countries with the highest GNI p.c. levels in the region, while
The following section presents a detailed analysis of fixedbroadband prices within each region. Prices are presented as a
percentage of monthly GNI p.c., and in USD and international
dollars (PPP$).11 Prices in PPP$ provide a measure of the cost
of the service irrespective of income, but taking into account
the purchasing power equivalence between countries.12
prices are all LDCs. This underlines the strong link between
income/development levels and affordability. On the other
hand, two LDCs, Uganda and Tanzania, have lower relative
fixed-broadband prices than other countries in the region
with higher income levels (see Table 3.4). This is also confirmed
when looking at the price of fixed-broadband services in
terms of purchasing power parity, which takes into account
the world, with an average value of 64.3 per cent of GNI p.c.
Within the region, prices range from 1.8 per cent of GNI p.c.
Both Uganda and Tanzania stand out with relatively low PPP$
as % of GNI p.c.
1.8
1.8
4.8
4.8
9.2
11.3
15.7
17.5
27.5
32.9
36.6
39.0
42.4
42.8
46.2
49.3
56.3
61.0
71.0
81.5
84.0
85.1
98.2
98.4
101.2
103.0
149.3
169.7
177.8
210.2
USD
16.3
12.2
31.8
28.1
57.3
33.3
53.2
68.7
75.7
14.0
43.0
39.0
19.1
38.1
42.4
33.7
30.0
61.5
23.7
53.0
85.4
82.3
46.6
50.0
47.2
116.8
58.5
48.1
63.7
63.0
PPP$
36.7
20.1
45.7
38.4
97.4
36.2
61.3
88.6
124.0
42.2
51.6
68.0
54.9
67.5
64.0
71.6
N/A
115.2
74.0
107.6
132.4
93.7
101.7
82.2
84.3
163.1
107.4
119.7
132.7
123.3
84
GNI p.c.,
USD, 2011
(or latest
available)
11130
8240
7980
6960
7480
3540
4060
4700
3300
510
1410
1200
540
1070
1100
820
640
1210
400
780
1220
1160
570
610
560
1360
470
340
430
360
PPP$
100
80
60
40
20
M
a
Ca urit
pe ius
Se Verd
So yche e
ut lle
h s
Af
r
Ug ica
an
d
Ga a
bo
Gh n
Ta ana
nz
an
A
C n ia
te go
d la
Ivo
Se ire
ne
g
Ni al
ge
ri
Ke a
n
Et ya
hi
op
ia
M
ali
T
Na ogo
m
ib
Za ia
m
Bo b
Bu tsw ia
rk an
M ina a
oz Fa
am so
bi
qu
e
B
Ca en
m in
er
o
M on
Sw alaw
az i
ila
n
S. M Leso d
To ad th
m ag o
& a
s
Pr car
in
cip
e
0.4 per cent of GNI p.c. in the United States to 386.9 per
where GNI p.c. levels are among the lowest (see Table 3.5).
Tom and Principe and Sierra Leone will for the first time
14
gateways.
85
as % of GNI p.c.
0.4
1.0
1.1
1.5
1.5
1.6
2.0
2.1
2.3
2.5
2.5
3.5
3.7
3.9
4.3
4.5
4.9
5.3
5.5
5.6
5.8
6.5
6.6
6.6
7.0
7.0
8.6
8.8
10.1
12.1
14.4
16.3
22.8
81.9
386.9
USD
15.0
12.3
40.4
14.9
15.4
30.0
17.8
14.0
17.6
15.8
25.8
36.7
18.7
18.0
45.2
36.5
29.4
23.3
54.9
33.0
20.2
36.2
41.9
33.6
20.3
29.2
20.6
21.8
24.5
19.9
24.5
50.0
22.2
47.8
1760.4
PPP$
15.0
19.2
32.4
16.3
18.3
43.0
16.6
25.5
26.7
22.3
31.1
41.6
26.7
30.9
66.1
58.7
42.2
41.6
70.3
58.6
37.4
48.5
47.4
57.8
37.8
42.2
32.1
32.6
28.2
36.2
51.9
81.3
52.5
77.7
N/A
GNI p.c.,
USD, 2011
(or latest
available)
48450
15040
45560
11860
11920
21970
10720
7910
9240
7660
12280
12480
6110
5500
12660
9740
7220
5240
12060
7090
4140
6680
7640
6100
3480
4980
2870
2970
2900
1970
2040
3690
1170
700
5460
86
PPP$
50
40
30
20
10
Un
ite
d
S
Ur tate
ug s
u
Tr
in V B ay
id en ra
ad e zi
& zue l
T
Co oba la
sta go
Pa Ric
Co nama
lo a
m
M bia
ex
Gu ico
ya
n
Pe a
Gu C ru
at hil
em e
Ca ala
Pa na
r d
Ho agu a
nd ay
St
E u
. K El cua ras
itt Sa do
Do s a lva r
m nd do
in N r
ica ev
n is
Ja Rep
m
Gr aic .
en a
Ba a
h d
Su am a
r
Sa ina as
in m
St
tL e
.V
uc
in
B
ce N ol ia
nt ica ivi
an ra a
d gu
Do the a
G
Ar min .
An
ge ica
tig
ua Ba ntin
& rba a
Ba do
rb s
ud
Ha a
Be iti
liz
e
as % of GNI p.c.
0.4
0.8
1.2
1.6
2.0
2.1
2.3
2.7
3.5
3.8
4.0
4.9
5.1
7.9
9.0
16.5
26.8
29.9
81.5
USD
14.5
54.9
40.6
26.0
26.6
7.0
17.6
39.7
7.6
14.1
40.8
12.2
18.7
18.1
9.7
14.7
22.3
31.6
52.3
PPP$
12.6
52.8
42.9
29.8
34.6
15.4
26.1
47.3
17.2
23.4
67.5
20.0
24.0
38.9
16.9
25.4
49.8
60.2
72.2
GNI p.c.,
USD, 2011
(or latest
available)
48900
80440
40760
19260
15920
4070
9110
17820
2600
4470
12320
2970
4380
2750
1300
1070
1000
1270
770
Source: ITU. GNI p.c. and PPP$ values are based on World Bank data. USD exchange rates are based on IMF data.
87
Chart 3.7: Purchasing-power-adjusted fixed-broadband prices in the Arab States region, 2012
80
70
60
PPP$
50
40
30
20
10
Ku
wa
it
Tu
ni
sia
Su
da
n
Eg
yp
t
M
or
oc
co
Al
ge
ria
Jo
rd
an
Ye
m
e
Le n
ba
no
n
Om
an
Ba
h
Un
ra
in
ite
d
Ar
S
yr
ab
Em ia
i
Sa rate
ud
s
iA
ra
b
M
au ia
rit
an
ia
Qa
ta
Dj r
ib
ou
ti
Lib
y
Co a
m
or
os
and Morocco, at below PPP$ 20, but also in the LDC Sudan,
in relation to income.
The Asia and the Pacific region includes the economy with
2013 been able to apply for a MYR 200 (about USD 65)
Macao (China), at 0.2 per cent of GNI p.c., but also three
Table 3.7).
88
as % of GNI p.c.
0.2
0.7
0.7
0.8
1.5
1.6
1.6
1.9
2.1
2.4
3.1
4.7
5.1
5.3
5.6
5.6
6.2
6.4
7.3
9.1
11.3
12.4
13.7
15.3
15.5
16.1
17.8
19.2
34.0
43.5
44.0
44.0
150.5
221.3
280.2
USD
7.9
26.6
21.6
30.0
8.2
27.1
61.9
51.7
4.5
59.2
21.6
17.8
6.0
10.3
20.7
23.2
10.7
19.5
4.7
22.2
11.8
22.9
33.0
50.0
14.5
42.7
8.0
57.3
23.5
99.0
105.2
77.4
185.6
53.5
259.2
PPP$
9.3
19.9
31.3
36.6
11.5
36.5
38.4
77.6
8.9
49.0
34.8
48.6
14.4
16.0
36.2
36.1
27.2
21.3
11.8
29.7
26.2
39.9
39.8
N/A
33.8
55.3
16.6
64.1
62.0
175.4
158.7
111.2
271.1
129.0
502.6
GNI p.c.,
USD, 2011
(or latest
available)
45460
45180
35160
42930
6530
20870
46200
31800
2580
29350
8420
4520
1410
2320
4420
4940
2070
3680
770
2940
1260
2210
2900
3910
1120
3190
540
3580
830
2730
2870
2110
1480
290
1110
89
Chart 3.8: Purchasing-power-adjusted fixed-broadband prices in the Asia and the Pacific region, 2012
500
450
400
350
PPP$
300
250
200
150
100
50
M Sri
ac La
ao nk
,C a
M hi
Ba ald na
ng iv
la es
de
sh
I
M nd
on ia
go
Ne lia
p
Ja al
pa
n
Vi F
et iji
N
Bh am
Ho
I
ng n uta
Ko don n
ng es
, C ia
Pa hin
k a
M ista
al n
ay
s
Ch ia
T
i
Ko ha na
re ila
a nd
Sin (Re
ga p.)
Au por
M str e
ic a
Ph ron lia
ilip esi
p a
Ne Iran ines
w (I.
Ze R.
al )
a
Sa nd
Ca m
Br
o
m
un
bo a
ei
d
Da To ia
ru ng
ss a
al
Af Kir am
gh ib
an ati
ist
Pa
V
pu Tim anu an
a o a
So New r-Le tu
lo G st
m u e
on in
Isl ea
an
ds
as % of GNI p.c.
1.2
1.9
2.5
2.9
2.9
4.3
5.0
7.7
9.1
10.2
16.3
USD
10.2
13.2
11.9
12.7
7.5
12.1
11.9
12.8
11.5
35.0
12.5
PPP$
16.6
15.4
30.9
18.6
15.1
21.3
20.4
22.0
21.2
68.1
28.2
Source: ITU. GNI p.c. and PPP$ values are based on World Bank data. USD exchange rates are based on IMF data.
90
GNI p.c.,
USD, 2011
(or latest
available)
10400
8220
5830
5290
3120
3360
2860
1980
1510
4110
920
PPP$
50
40
30
20
10
ist
an
us
km
en
Tu
r
Be
la
r
Ky
rg
yz
st
an
ia
ol
do
va
M
be
Uz
Ar
m
en
kis
ta
n
rg
ia
Ge
o
n
ija
ba
Az
er
Ka
za
kh
sta
sia
n
n
Fe
de
ra
tio
n
Ru
s
Uk
ra
in
e
below 5 per cent of GNI p.c., with the vast majority below 2
per cent of GNI p.c. The relatively low prices in terms of GNI
p.c. across the region reflect its high income (see Table 3.9).
A regional comparison in terms of purchasing power parity
(see Chart 3.10), which takes into account the national
buying power of a local currency, further highlights that
this set of countries enjoy very low fixed-broadband prices.
In Bosnia and Herzegovina, Romania, Lithuania, Latvia
and the United Kingdom, a fixed-broadband subscription
costs below PPP$ 20 per month. Prices in terms of PPP$
are highest in Hungary, at PPP$ 47.8. Hungary ranks low in
a regional comparison (35th out of 39 countries), despite
its higher GNI p.c. levels as compared with other countries
91
as % of GNI p.c.
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.7
0.7
0.8
0.8
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
1.0
1.0
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.2
1.2
1.3
1.3
1.4
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.8
1.8
1.9
1.9
2.1
2.1
2.9
3.3
3.4
3.6
4.5
USD
38.3
40.3
21.8
20.8
53.3
29.2
36.8
35.4
21.9
34.7
46.4
37.4
28.0
41.6
34.8
31.8
41.7
23.7
12.1
19.3
33.5
13.8
12.5
9.5
22.6
38.3
19.0
29.2
22.2
36.2
19.9
10.5
27.6
8.3
31.0
19.5
13.5
11.9
21.2
PPP$
23.4
31.5
N/A
19.2
33.7
24.1
26.7
30.2
22.9
28.8
31.8
28.8
25.5
35.3
29.8
26.1
37.3
24.2
18.4
24.8
33.6
19.1
20.8
17.2
28.8
34.0
26.2
33.1
29.5
41.0
31.5
21.5
37.6
15.7
47.8
36.8
32.1
26.4
40.8
GNI p.c.,
USD, 2011
(or latest
available)
76380
78130
41750
37780
88890
42420
53230
49730
29450
46160
60390
48420
35330
48300
38580
35020
43980
25030
12280
18620
30990
12350
10410
7910
18520
28930
13850
21250
15200
23610
12480
6550
16070
4780
12730
7060
4730
3980
5680
plans are very high in the region, with the vast majority of
92
PPP$
40
30
20
10
Bo
s
ni
aa
nd
He
rz
eg
Ro ovi
m n
L a a
Un ithu nia
a
ite
d La nia
Ki tv
ng ia
d
Tu om
Bu rke
lg y
Sw Cy aria
itz pru
er s
l
Fr and
an
Gr ce
ee
M ce
al
ta
I
Ice taly
Cr land
o
Al ati
b a
Sw ani
a
Be ede
Cz
n
l
ec F giu
h inl m
Re an
pu d
Es blic
t
Ne Ir oni
a
e
t
Lu her lan
xe la d
m nd
bo s
TF
u
YR D Pol rg
M en and
ac m
ed ar
Po on k
rtu ia
g
S al
No pai
rw n
Isr ay
M A ae
on us l
te tr
Ge neg ia
rm ro
Slo an
va y
S kia
Slo erb
i
Hu ven a
ng ia
ar
y
a handset-based connection. 23 Furthermore, mobilebroadband subscriptions can be divided into: (i) prepaid
plans, for which customers pay in advance; and (ii) postpaid
plans, which are normally billed at the end of each month.
As usage, packages and availability differ in each case,
prices for all four possible combinations prepaid handsetbased, postpaid handset-based, prepaid computer-based
and postpaid computer-based were collected in order
to gain a comprehensive overview of the affordability of
these different mobile-broadband services (see Figure 3.1).
Prepaid
Handset-based
Postpaid
Mobile
broadband
Prepaid
Computer-based
Postpaid
Source: ITU.
93
minimum of ) 30 days.
94
mobile-broadband subscriptions.
excluded.
95
Box 3.3: Available mobile-broadband plans according to different monthly data allowances
In most countries, operators available/advertised offers do
not possible to define usage patterns that apply across all regions
plans is by far the least common match. A mere 15.2 per cent
more than 250 MB per month and that this trend is certain
250 MB. In contrast to this, the match was much better for 1 GB
postpaid and 48.4 per cent prepaid offers at 1 GB. In fact, in the
Table Box 3.3: Match of mobile-broadband plans and monthly data allowances, percentage of
countries, 2012
Advertised mobile-broadband data allowances:
Lie below the respective
data allowance
20.8
15.2
64.0
7.9
16.5
75.6
23.8
32.5
43.7
6.5
43.5
50.0
8.9
48.4
42.7
4.7
56.7
38.6
Mobile-broadband plans
Note: A total of 146 countries were included in the mobile-broadband data analysis. See Annex Table 2.2 for the number of countries with
available data for each of the six mobile-broadband plans.
Source: ITU.
developing countries.
96
Chart 3.11: Mobile-broadband prices as a percentage of GNI p.c., world and by level of development,
2012
1.3
Postpaid handset-based (500 MB)
7.7
11.3
1.1
11.6
15.7
Developed
1.5
World
13.0
18.8
Developing
2.3
Prepaid computer-based (1 GB)
17.9
24.7
0
10
15
20
25
30
Note: Simple averages. The following number of countries are included per plan: prepaid handset-based (500 MB): 126; postpaid handsetbased (500 MB): 124; prepaid computer-based (1 GB): 124; postpaid computer-based (1 GB): 127.
Source: ITU. GNI p.c. values are based on World Bank data.
Chart 3.12: Mobile-broadband prices, in USD, world and by level of development, 2012
21.6
Postpaid handset-based (500 MB)
25.5
19.4
Developed
24.1
23.7
25.1
World
Developing
27.3
23.7
29.2
34.9
33.1
35.6
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
USD
Note: Simple averages. The following number of countries are included per plan: prepaid handset-based (500 MB): 126; postpaid handsetbased (500 MB): 124; prepaid computer-based (1 GB): 124; postpaid computer-based (1 GB): 127.
Source: ITU. USD exchange rates are based on IMF data.
97
Chart 3.13: Mobile-broadband prices, in PPP$, world and by level of development, 2012
24.3
27.1
28.7
Developed
25.3
Prepaid handset-based (500 MB)
World
33.2
36.4
Developing
24.3
Postpaid computer-based (1 GB)
38.3
45.4
36.0
49.7
55.8
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
PPP$
Note: Simple averages. The following number of countries are included per plan: prepaid handset-based (500 MB): 125; postpaid handsetbased (500 MB): 122; prepaid computer-based (1 GB): 123; postpaid computer-based (1 GB): 125.
Source: ITU. PPP$ exchange rate based on World Bank. PPP$ exchange rates were not available for Andorra and Zimbabwe.
Europe clearly has the most affordable mobilebroadband prices (for all plans), at 2 per cent of
GNI p.c.
by region:
98
In all six ITU regions, 500 MB postpaid handsetbased plans are the most affordable, at below 6per
cent of GNI p.c., except for Africa, where the price
exceeds 36 per cent of GNI p.c.
1 GB of prepaid computer-based mobilebroadband is the most expensive in all regions,
at around 7 per cent of GNI p.c. in the CIS and the Arab
Arab
States
Asia and
the Pacific
CIS
Europe
The
Americas
38.8
5.7
5.9
5.7
1.2
5.9
36.2
2.2
3.5
5.6
1.2
5.0
58.3
7.4
12.6
7.6
2.0
11.1
54.6
2.5
10.6
7.4
1.2
8.0
Kong (China), Qatar and the United States. In more than half
are available).
services in Sri Lanka, for all four plans, cost around 1.5 per
Egypt stands out among the Arab States in particular for its
which may thus be able to offer lower prices per unit of use,
99
PPP$
GNI p.c.,
USD, 2011
(or latest
available)
Rank
4.7
8.8
12.4
26.4
13.8
12.7
8.7
12.8
11.7
25.3
23.1
28.5
30.9
12.9
13.4
15.1
16.9
18.9
15.3
44.9
19.6
7.9
44.3
35.6
7.8
11.3
14.3
7.4
22.2
35.7
40.6
16.3
61.1
11.0
6.6
40.6
43.6
33.2
16.0
34.5
27.0
16.0
20.1
35.8
38.2
63.3
27.6
28.9
15.3
24.8
4.8
83.6
85.0
6.8
26.3
27.4
10.9
7.6
28.8
10.2
28.9
13.5
35.2
48300
37780
43980
80440
42420
35330
15920
46200
15200
48900
46160
40760
76380
13850
12480
16070
21250
23610
12730
88890
29350
8220
45460
49730
4070
11860
5830
5290
17820
38580
45560
11920
35160
3980
2580
30990
29450
15040
4730
18520
12660
5680
8240
18620
25030
60390
10400
10410
6530
12280
1260
31800
48450
3540
7910
7910
4380
2940
9240
2860
6550
3120
9740
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
Economy
Austria
United Kingdom
Germany
Qatar
France
Italy
Bahrain
Australia
Estonia
Kuwait
Belgium
United Arab Emirates
Switzerland
Croatia
Poland
Slovakia
Portugal
Slovenia
Hungary
Norway
New Zealand
Kazakhstan
Macao, China
Netherlands
Tunisia
Uruguay
Belarus
Azerbaijan
Saudi Arabia
Ireland
Canada
Venezuela
Hong Kong, China
Albania
Sri Lanka
Spain
Cyprus
Trinidad & Tobago
TFYR Macedonia
Czech Republic
Barbados
Serbia
Mauritius
Malta
Greece
Denmark
Russian Federation
Turkey
Maldives
Chile
Viet Nam
Brunei Darussalam
United States
Cape Verde
Romania
Panama
Jordan
Indonesia
Mexico
Georgia
Bulgaria
Ukraine
Argentina
as % of
GNI p.c.
0.1
0.3
0.4
0.4
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.1
1.1
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.4
1.4
1.5
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.5
2.5
2.6
2.6
2.7
USD
5.6
9.6
13.9
27.5
16.7
13.9
6.6
20.6
8.8
29.0
27.8
27.0
50.7
9.3
8.4
11.1
14.9
16.7
9.9
71.2
23.7
6.8
37.4
41.7
3.6
10.4
5.5
5.1
18.7
41.7
50.5
13.8
42.1
5.0
3.3
40.4
41.7
21.4
6.8
27.0
18.5
8.3
12.2
27.8
37.6
92.2
17.0
17.3
11.0
20.7
2.1
55.6
85.0
6.3
14.6
15.0
8.5
5.7
19.0
5.9
14.2
6.7
21.9
as % of
GNI p.c.
USD
PPP$
GNI p.c.,
USD, 2011
(or latest
available)
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.9
3.0
3.1
3.2
3.4
3.8
3.8
3.9
4.0
4.1
4.5
4.7
4.8
4.8
4.9
5.2
5.2
5.7
5.8
6.3
6.3
6.4
6.9
7.2
7.7
7.8
8.2
8.8
8.9
9.0
9.0
11.3
13.0
14.0
15.8
16.1
16.8
16.9
17.5
17.9
18.3
19.6
20.0
21.8
22.3
23.3
26.1
26.2
28.4
29.8
30.9
35.1
35.7
45.1
65.9
101.3
106.0
109.1
126.4
156.5
20.9
27.8
17.8
3.4
55.0
2.9
14.5
10.0
15.5
21.9
8.4
35.8
42.5
13.9
29.8
6.0
13.4
20.4
8.5
48.2
11.1
29.8
11.5
21.8
10.8
7.5
5.0
19.1
18.6
5.6
34.4
19.6
10.6
56.3
5.1
13.0
26.5
12.1
26.5
10.8
9.9
8.3
47.5
17.8
10.0
49.4
15.8
21.6
9.9
154.1
23.4
96.0
30.3
7.5
12.6
31.8
12.8
25.8
54.0
31.8
30.9
20.0
177.3
31.0
35.6
25.1
8.1
78.9
6.8
24.9
18.6
24.1
29.9
19.1
33.3
70.2
15.2
33.8
11.1
23.7
29.5
14.7
108.8
17.2
42.6
20.1
40.5
22.9
13.0
13.2
28.6
29.1
12.0
44.4
21.8
12.7
95.7
14.6
22.7
32.9
27.4
48.1
27.3
16.0
17.9
61.4
42.2
16.4
80.7
39.6
24.6
29.9
274.1
40.4
110.6
47.0
18.0
26.2
56.2
31.8
47.4
N/A
62.1
68.2
32.5
247.7
9110
12060
7660
1410
21970
1120
5500
3480
4940
6960
2600
10720
12320
3680
7640
1510
3360
4980
1980
11130
2320
6110
2210
4140
2040
1300
830
2970
2870
820
4700
2640
1410
7480
540
1200
2270
920
1970
770
700
570
3190
1170
610
2970
870
1160
510
7090
1070
4060
1220
290
430
1070
340
470
640
360
340
190
1360
100
Economy
Austria
Finland
Luxembourg
Italy
Australia
Lithuania
Hong Kong, China
Iceland
Qatar
Denmark
Netherlands
Korea (Rep.)
Macao, China
Kuwait
Sweden
Estonia
Belgium
Slovakia
Slovenia
Sri Lanka
Portugal
Brunei Darussalam
Hungary
Norway
Latvia
Spain
France
Canada
Kazakhstan
Bahrain
Cyprus
Tunisia
Uruguay
Switzerland
United Kingdom
Romania
Greece
Belarus
Azerbaijan
United Arab Emirates
Serbia
Saudi Arabia
Ireland
Venezuela
Japan
Albania
Panama
Poland
Trinidad & Tobago
Germany
TFYR Macedonia
Barbados
Mauritius
Turkey
Czech Republic
Bhutan
Russian Federation
Maldives
Mexico
Bosnia and Herzegovina
United States
Jordan
as % of
GNI p.c.
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.5
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.9
0.9
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.2
1.2
1.3
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.0
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.3
USD
5.6
6.8
13.9
7.0
10.3
2.8
8.1
9.4
27.5
24.0
20.9
9.9
22.2
25.4
30.6
8.8
27.8
9.7
15.3
1.8
14.9
23.8
9.9
71.2
9.9
25.2
34.6
37.4
6.8
13.3
25.5
3.6
10.4
67.1
34.5
7.3
23.4
5.5
5.1
39.5
5.5
18.7
41.7
13.8
55.3
5.0
10.0
16.8
21.4
62.6
6.8
18.5
12.2
15.8
28.2
3.2
17.0
11.0
16.0
8.3
85.0
8.5
PPP$
GNI p.c.,
USD, 2011
(or latest
available)
Rank
4.7
5.2
10.9
6.3
6.4
4.3
11.7
7.7
26.4
16.5
17.8
13.4
26.3
22.1
22.2
11.7
23.1
13.2
17.4
3.5
16.9
35.8
15.3
44.9
13.8
25.3
28.6
30.0
7.9
17.3
26.6
7.8
11.3
40.9
31.7
13.1
23.8
14.3
7.4
41.7
10.7
22.2
35.7
16.3
41.3
11.0
18.2
26.7
33.2
56.1
16.0
27.0
20.1
26.4
36.0
8.1
27.6
15.3
24.3
15.7
85.0
10.9
48300
48420
78130
35330
46200
12280
35160
35020
80440
60390
49730
20870
45460
48900
53230
15200
46160
16070
23610
2580
21250
31800
12730
88890
12350
30990
42420
45560
8220
15920
29450
4070
11860
76380
37780
7910
25030
5830
5290
40760
5680
17820
38580
11920
45180
3980
7910
12480
15040
43980
4730
12660
8240
10410
18520
2070
10400
6530
9240
4780
48450
4380
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
Economy
Indonesia
Peru
Andorra
Georgia
Antigua & Barbuda
New Zealand
Bulgaria
Ukraine
Colombia
Argentina
Lebanon
India
Bahamas
Moldova
Suriname
Malta
Sudan
Malaysia
Costa Rica
El Salvador
South Africa
Montenegro
Egypt
Syria
Brazil
Ecuador
Jamaica
Uzbekistan
Morocco
Lao P.D.R.
Chile
Armenia
Paraguay
China
Mongolia
Philippines
Namibia
Guatemala
Samoa
Fiji
Honduras
Kenya
Bolivia
Nicaragua
Ghana
Tanzania
Bangladesh
Nigeria
Kyrgyzstan
Haiti
Mali
Tajikistan
Lesotho
Dominican Rep.
Angola
Ethiopia
Madagascar
Mozambique
S. Tom & Principe
Zimbabwe
Niger
Congo (Dem. Rep.)
as % of
GNI p.c.
USD
PPP$
GNI p.c.,
USD, 2011
(or latest
available)
2.3
2.4
2.4
2.5
2.5
2.6
2.6
2.6
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
3.0
3.1
3.1
3.1
3.1
3.2
3.2
3.4
3.5
3.5
3.9
3.9
4.0
4.1
4.2
4.8
4.9
5.1
5.3
5.7
5.8
5.9
6.1
6.3
6.3
6.7
7.3
7.4
7.4
8.2
8.4
10.2
11.3
11.3
12.6
13.0
15.8
16.9
19.6
21.8
24.4
26.1
28.4
28.6
35.1
39.5
50.1
101.3
106.0
126.4
5.7
10.9
83.4
5.9
25.6
63.2
14.2
6.7
13.5
21.9
20.9
3.4
55.0
5.1
19.9
48.7
3.4
22.2
20.2
10.0
20.5
20.9
8.4
9.0
35.8
14.0
17.5
6.0
12.2
4.8
53.7
15.8
14.3
24.1
11.9
11.5
24.7
16.1
19.4
22.8
12.2
5.6
14.3
10.0
13.2
5.1
8.1
13.0
12.1
9.9
10.0
15.8
24.8
154.1
96.0
9.5
12.6
15.5
56.7
54.0
31.8
20.0
7.6
18.7
N/A
10.2
32.7
52.3
28.9
13.5
19.3
35.2
31.0
8.2
78.9
8.8
22.5
62.6
5.9
35.9
28.5
18.6
28.1
39.4
19.1
19.5
33.3
26.0
25.3
11.1
20.0
10.6
64.6
27.9
21.4
37.5
18.5
20.2
31.8
25.1
25.1
24.8
22.2
12.0
30.2
23.6
15.9
14.6
20.5
22.7
27.4
16.0
16.4
39.6
38.4
274.1
110.6
29.8
26.2
28.4
79.3
N/A
62.1
32.5
2940
5500
41750
2860
12060
29350
6550
3120
6110
9740
9110
1410
21970
1980
7640
18620
1300
8420
7660
3480
6960
7060
2600
2750
10720
4140
4980
1510
2970
1130
12280
3360
2970
4940
2320
2210
4700
2870
3190
3680
1970
820
2040
1170
1410
540
770
1200
920
700
610
870
1220
7090
4060
400
430
470
1360
640
360
190
101
Rank
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
Economy
Austria
Finland
Ireland
Italy
United States
Iceland
Bahrain
Switzerland
Kuwait
France
United Arab Emirates
Oman
Poland
Sweden
Estonia
Kazakhstan
Australia
Portugal
Croatia
Slovakia
Trinidad & Tobago
Hong Kong, China
Germany
Sri Lanka
Uruguay
Peru
New Zealand
Albania
Belarus
TFYR Macedonia
Barbados
Mauritius
Saudi Arabia
Malta
Belgium
United Kingdom
Qatar
Venezuela
Hungary
Bahamas
Egypt
Russian Federation
Macao, China
Spain
Turkey
Serbia
Brunei Darussalam
Panama
Jordan
Maldives
Cyprus
Azerbaijan
Seychelles
Chile
Canada
Greece
Argentina
Antigua & Barbuda
Costa Rica
Indonesia
Mexico
Malaysia
as % of GNI
p.c.
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.5
0.5
0.6
0.6
0.7
0.7
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.9
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.2
1.4
1.5
1.5
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.7
1.7
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.1
2.1
2.3
2.3
2.5
2.6
2.6
2.6
2.6
2.7
2.7
2.7
2.8
2.8
2.8
3.1
3.2
USD
PPP$
GNI p.c.,
USD, 2011
(or latest
available)
5.6
9.5
11.1
13.9
20.0
17.2
8.0
43.9
29.0
27.8
27.0
13.0
8.4
38.3
11.0
6.8
41.3
19.8
13.1
15.3
15.4
42.1
55.6
3.3
15.5
7.3
39.5
5.5
8.0
6.8
18.5
12.2
26.4
27.8
69.5
57.3
123.6
18.4
20.1
35.0
4.2
17.0
74.8
51.3
17.3
9.7
55.6
15.0
8.5
13.7
62.6
11.4
24.1
26.7
101.0
55.6
21.9
27.8
17.8
6.8
24.1
22.2
4.7
7.3
9.5
12.7
20.0
14.1
10.4
26.8
25.3
22.9
28.5
14.9
13.4
27.8
14.6
7.9
25.6
22.5
18.1
20.8
24.0
61.1
49.8
6.6
17.0
12.5
32.7
12.1
20.8
16.0
27.0
20.1
31.4
35.8
57.7
52.7
118.8
21.9
31.0
50.2
9.6
27.6
88.6
51.5
28.9
18.7
83.6
27.4
10.9
19.1
65.4
16.7
54.5
32.1
81.1
56.7
35.2
35.6
25.1
9.1
36.5
35.9
48300
48420
38580
35330
48450
35020
15920
76380
48900
42420
40760
19260
12480
53230
15200
8220
46200
21250
13850
16070
15040
35160
43980
2580
11860
5500
29350
3980
5830
4730
12660
8240
17820
18620
46160
37780
80440
11920
12730
21970
2600
10400
45460
30990
10410
5680
31800
7910
4380
6530
29450
5290
11130
12280
45560
25030
9740
12060
7660
2940
9240
8420
Rank
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
Economy
Netherlands
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Georgia
Cape Verde
Bulgaria
Slovenia
Brazil
Ukraine
India
Lebanon
Jamaica
El Salvador
Tunisia
Mongolia
Armenia
Colombia
Montenegro
Suriname
Uzbekistan
Fiji
South Africa
Romania
Paraguay
Guatemala
Angola
Morocco
Pakistan
Ghana
China
Sudan
Bolivia
Moldova
Botswana
Ecuador
Namibia
Kenya
Bangladesh
Nicaragua
Samoa
Kyrgyzstan
Tajikistan
Nigeria
Congo
Zambia
Rwanda
Mali
Cte d'Ivoire
Lesotho
Senegal
Yemen
Afghanistan
Madagascar
Mozambique
Haiti
Togo
Cambodia
Dominican Rep.
S. Tom & Principe
Niger
Zimbabwe
Sierra Leone
Congo (Dem. Rep.)
as % of GNI
p.c.
USD
PPP$
GNI p.c.,
USD, 2011
(or latest
available)
3.4
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
4.2
4.3
4.5
4.6
4.6
4.9
5.2
5.2
5.7
5.8
5.8
5.9
6.0
6.4
6.4
6.6
7.5
7.7
7.8
8.5
10.0
11.2
11.3
11.3
11.7
12.7
12.9
14.1
14.3
15.8
16.5
16.8
17.1
17.9
21.2
21.8
22.7
25.8
26.6
28.1
31.3
34.7
44.7
45.2
53.7
61.8
62.0
65.9
67.7
71.6
72.3
106.3
110.3
141.3
168.8
181.9
316.0
139.1
14.2
8.9
11.2
21.3
83.4
38.8
11.6
5.4
35.2
20.4
15.0
17.8
11.1
16.1
29.8
34.8
38.2
8.0
19.5
38.4
49.1
19.1
18.6
28.8
24.7
10.4
13.2
46.4
12.7
21.6
21.3
87.7
49.2
62.0
11.3
10.8
16.7
47.5
16.3
15.8
22.7
48.7
25.7
13.3
15.9
31.8
45.4
40.3
47.9
14.9
22.2
25.8
39.5
33.4
50.0
628.1
125.0
42.4
90.0
51.5
50.0
118.8
26.8
15.3
12.2
43.4
94.7
36.1
23.3
12.8
52.3
29.5
27.9
38.9
17.2
28.4
42.6
65.7
43.3
14.8
21.3
52.5
88.7
28.6
29.1
33.2
40.4
24.3
15.9
72.2
22.0
45.8
36.7
149.1
91.5
79.9
23.9
27.3
39.5
61.4
36.7
39.6
39.7
60.6
29.3
28.6
26.1
48.0
70.5
71.2
82.7
36.0
46.3
47.4
64.2
59.6
131.7
1117.5
174.6
82.9
N/A
113.6
81.4
49730
4780
2860
3540
6550
23610
10720
3120
1410
9110
4980
3480
4070
2320
3360
6110
7060
7640
1510
3680
6960
7910
2970
2870
4060
2970
1120
1410
4940
1300
2040
1980
7480
4140
4700
820
770
1170
3190
920
870
1200
2270
1160
570
610
1100
1220
1070
1070
290
430
470
700
560
830
7090
1360
360
640
340
190
102
Rank
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
Economy
Austria
Iceland
Finland
Sweden
Denmark
Qatar
Norway
United States
United Kingdom
Kuwait
Estonia
Switzerland
Belgium
Romania
Germany
Slovenia
Oman
France
Brunei Darussalam
Hong Kong, China
Latvia
Macao, China
Kazakhstan
Greece
Bahrain
Netherlands
Uruguay
Cyprus
Australia
Italy
United Arab Emirates
Serbia
Portugal
Libya
Trinidad & Tobago
Ireland
Bulgaria
Spain
Malta
Turkey
Korea (Rep.)
Canada
Sri Lanka
Andorra
Peru
New Zealand
Japan
Belarus
Slovakia
TFYR Macedonia
Barbados
Mauritius
Saudi Arabia
Czech Republic
Venezuela
Hungary
Bahamas
Russian Federation
Maldives
Tunisia
Malaysia
Egypt
Lithuania
Azerbaijan
as % of GNI
p.c.
0.1
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.4
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.9
0.9
0.9
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.1
1.1
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.9
1.9
1.9
2.0
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.2
2.4
2.6
USD
5.6
9.4
13.8
15.2
18.4
27.5
35.5
20.0
16.4
25.4
8.3
42.8
27.8
4.9
27.8
15.3
13.0
30.6
23.8
27.2
9.9
37.2
6.8
20.9
13.3
41.7
10.3
25.5
41.2
33.4
39.5
5.6
20.8
12.3
15.4
41.7
7.1
33.7
20.9
11.9
23.8
52.5
3.3
54.2
7.3
39.5
61.8
8.0
22.9
6.8
18.5
12.2
26.4
28.2
18.4
20.1
35.0
17.0
11.0
7.1
15.7
4.8
24.2
11.4
PPP$
GNI p.c.,
USD, 2011
(or latest
available)
4.7
7.7
10.6
11.1
12.7
26.4
22.4
20.0
15.1
22.1
11.0
26.1
23.1
8.9
24.9
17.4
14.9
25.2
35.8
39.5
13.8
44.0
7.9
21.2
17.3
35.6
11.2
26.6
25.6
30.4
41.7
10.7
23.7
20.2
24.0
35.7
14.5
33.8
26.8
19.8
32.1
42.2
6.6
N/A
12.5
32.6
46.2
20.8
31.2
16.0
27.0
20.1
31.4
36.0
21.9
31.0
50.2
27.6
15.3
15.6
25.3
11.0
36.9
16.7
48300
35020
48420
53230
60390
80440
88890
48450
37780
48900
15200
76380
46160
7910
43980
23610
19260
42420
31800
35160
12350
45460
8220
25030
15920
49730
11860
29450
46200
35330
40760
5680
21250
12320
15040
38580
6550
30990
18620
10410
20870
45560
2580
41750
5500
29350
45180
5830
16070
4730
12660
8240
17820
18520
11920
12730
21970
10400
6530
4070
8420
2600
12280
5,290
Rank
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
Economy
Mexico
Seychelles
Chile
Argentina
Indonesia
Antigua & Barbuda
Panama
Costa Rica
Poland
Colombia
Georgia
Jordan
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Jamaica
Brazil
Ukraine
India
Lebanon
Mongolia
Morocco
Albania
Moldova
El Salvador
Paraguay
South Africa
Suriname
Ecuador
Uzbekistan
Lao P.D.R.
Cape Verde
Fiji
Honduras
Guatemala
Syria
Namibia
Bolivia
Armenia
Ghana
Samoa
Nicaragua
Philippines
Bangladesh
Botswana
Kenya
Nigeria
Kyrgyzstan
Tajikistan
Pakistan
Mali
Cte d'Ivoire
Lesotho
Viet Nam
Timor-Leste
China
Dominican Rep.
Ethiopia
Madagascar
Mozambique
Haiti
Togo
S. Tom & Principe
Zimbabwe
Congo (Dem. Rep.)
as % of GNI
p.c.
USD
PPP$
GNI p.c.,
USD, 2011
(or latest
available)
2.6
2.6
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
3.0
3.2
3.2
3.4
3.7
3.9
4.2
4.2
4.3
4.5
4.6
4.6
4.9
4.9
5.1
5.2
5.2
5.8
5.9
6.0
6.2
6.4
6.4
6.8
7.4
7.4
7.8
7.9
8.4
10.1
11.2
11.3
12.2
12.3
12.5
12.6
14.1
16.5
19.5
21.2
21.8
26.1
31.3
34.7
35.2
40.9
43.5
44.0
47.7
53.3
63.4
65.9
67.7
71.6
110.3
168.8
316.0
20.0
24.1
26.7
21.9
6.8
29.3
20.0
20.2
33.7
17.3
8.9
14.1
16.6
17.5
38.8
11.6
5.4
35.2
9.5
12.2
16.8
8.5
15.0
14.3
34.3
38.2
21.3
8.0
6.1
20.0
22.8
12.2
18.6
18.1
32.9
17.2
31.3
13.2
32.4
12.0
23.1
8.1
87.7
11.3
19.5
16.3
15.8
24.3
15.9
31.8
35.8
43.0
99.0
181.1
282.1
17.8
22.7
25.8
39.5
33.4
125.0
90.0
50.0
30.4
54.5
32.1
35.2
9.1
37.4
36.5
28.5
53.4
24.7
15.3
18.1
31.4
25.3
36.1
23.3
12.8
52.3
14.8
20.0
37.4
14.7
27.9
21.4
46.9
43.3
39.5
14.8
13.2
21.8
24.8
22.2
29.1
38.9
42.4
36.3
55.2
15.9
41.9
28.4
40.3
20.5
149.1
23.9
34.0
36.7
39.6
56.8
26.1
48.0
55.5
95.2
175.4
281.5
501.8
55.5
47.3
47.4
64.2
59.6
174.6
N/A
81.4
9240
11130
12280
9740
2940
12060
7910
7660
12480
6110
2860
4380
4780
4980
10720
3120
1410
9110
2320
2970
3980
1980
3480
2970
6960
7640
4140
1510
1130
3540
3680
1970
2870
2750
4700
2040
3360
1410
3190
1170
2210
770
7480
820
1200
920
870
1120
610
1100
1220
1260
2730
4940
7090
400
430
470
700
560
1360
640
190
103
amount of data.
per cent of GNI p.c. compared to 18.8 per cent of GNI p.c.
USD
25
27.3
24.1
21.6
20
15
10
5
0
Prepaid handsetbased (500 MB)
Note: Simple averages. The following number of countries are included per plan: prepaid handset-based (500 MB): 126; postpaid handsetbased (500 MB): 125; prepaid computer-based (1 GB): 125; postpaid computer-based (1 GB): 127.
Source: ITU. USD exchange rates are based on IMF data.
104
27.3
43.2
34.9
48.2
10
20
30
40
50
60
USD per GB
Note: Simple averages.
Source: ITU. USD exchange rates are based on IMF data.
which price data on all five plans were available for 2012.
the Internet.
In developing countries,
in developed countries.
28, 29
105
Chart 3.16: Mobile-broadband and fixed-broadband prices, as a percentage of GNI p.c., world and by
level of development, 2012
1.5
Postpaid handset-based
mobile-broadband (500 MB)
6.0
8.3
Developed
1.3
7.9
Prepaid handset-based
mobile-broadband (500 MB)
World
11.1
Developing
1.5
9.9
Postpaid computer-based
mobile-broadband (1 GB)
14.0
2.3
11.0
Prepaid computer-based
mobile-broadband (1 GB)
15.2
1.9
12.5
Postpaid
fixed-broadband (1 GB)
17.7
0
10
As % of GNI p.c.
15
20
Note: Simple averages. Averages include 97 countries for which prepaid handset-based, postpaid handset-based, prepaid computer-based
and postpaid computer-based mobile-broadband as well as postpaid fixed-broadband prices were available.
Source: ITU.
Box 3.4: To what extent are fixed-broadband and mobile-broadband prices and services comparable?
Fixed-broadband and mobile-broadband prices are only
comparable to some degree. First of all, data caps differ for the
will usually offer lower prices to customers when they can count
Even when data allowances are the same, as for the computer-
106
are very affordable for both plans, at 1.9 per cent of GNI
p.c. for fixed broadband and 1.5 per cent of GNI p.c. for
broadband subscriptions.
GNI p.c. compared with 7 per cent of GNI p.c. for mobile
1.3
1.6
Europe
Postpaid computer-based
mobile-broadband (1 GB)
2.3
2.5
Arab States
5.9
5.4
CIS
7.0
4.7
8.0
8.0
The Americas
44.8
Africa
68.1
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
As % of GNI p.c.
Note: Simple averages. Averages include 97 countries for which postpaid computer-based mobile-broadband as well as postpaid fixedbroadband prices were available.
Source: ITU.
107
Africa
33
67
Arab States
40
60
43
57
CIS
40
60
Europe
40
60
Americas
46
54
Total
41
59
108
Price (PPP$)
Advertised speed
(Mbit/s)
Mobile
36.1
Fixed
unlimited
16.6
Mobile
281.5
n/a
Fixed
unlimited
36.1
Plan
Brazil
China
Egypt
France
India
Nigeria
Russian Federation
South Africa
United States
Mobile
11.0
7.2
Fixed
17.2
0.256
Mobile
25.2
42
Fixed
unlimited
24.1
Mobile
12.8
n/a
Fixed
14.4
Mobile
34.0
7.2
Fixed
68.0
0.512
Mobile
27.6
42.6
Fixed
unlimited
16.6
1.2
Mobile
46.9
n/a
Fixed
38.4
n/a
Mobile
20.0
14.8
Fixed
unlimited
15.0
0.750
Source: ITU.
broadband services.
33
prices. This may be explained by the fact that the ITU mobile-
is to be achieved.
109
Chart 3.18: Mobile-broadband and mobile-cellular prices as a percentage of GNI p.c., world and by
level of development (left) and comparison (right), 2012
As % of GNI p.c.
20
15
10
Mobilebroadband,
prepaid
handset-based
500MB
70
13.4
Mobile-cellular
sub-basket
10.0
Number of countries
25
60
Developing
50
Developed
40
30
20
10
0
5
0
9.6
1.3
2.0
Developed
Developing
Cheaper
7.4
World
Equal to up
to 2x as high
2x - 4x as
high
> 4x as high
Note: Simple averages. Averages include 123 countries for which prepaid handset-based (500 MB) and prepaid mobile-cellular prices were
available.
Source: ITU.
mobile-cellular prices.
110
mobile-broadband affordability.
As explained in section 3.3, handset-based mobileThe extensive 2012 ITU data collection of mobile-broadband
mobile-broadband sub-basket.
to postpaid plans.
USB key. This may be either because they mostly use lighter
111
with high GNI p.c. levels from Europe and the Arab States
exceeds, the monthly GNI p.c.). As in the case of the IPB, the
for which price data for the two plans included in the
Prepaid
handset-based
500 MB
Postpaid
computer-based
1 GB
+
National average
monthly GNI
p.c.
National average
monthly GNI
p.c.
2
Source: ITU.
112
Mobile
= broadband
sub-basket
Economy
Austria
Qatar
United Kingdom
Germany
Kuwait
France
Estonia
Norway
Belgium
Switzerland
Bahrain
Italy
Australia
Slovenia
United Arab Emirates
Macao, China
Kazakhstan
Netherlands
Portugal
Uruguay
Denmark
Hong Kong, China
Slovakia
New Zealand
Ireland
United States
Canada
Cyprus
Belarus
Greece
Hungary
Spain
Serbia
Trinidad & Tobago
Romania
Brunei Darussalam
Saudi Arabia
Sri Lanka
Malta
Tunisia
Venezuela
Turkey
TFYR Macedonia
Barbados
Mauritius
Czech Republic
Azerbaijan
Bulgaria
Russian Federation
Maldives
Poland
Chile
Peru
Bahamas
Mexico
Mobilebroadband
sub-basket
Prepaid
handsetbased
prices
(500MB)
as % of
GNI p.c.
Postpaid
computerbased
prices
(1GB) as
% of GNI
p.c.
GNI p.c.,
USD, 2011
(or latest
available)
0.1
0.4
0.4
0.6
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.7
1.7
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.9
1.9
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.5
0.1
0.4
0.3
0.4
0.7
0.5
0.7
1.0
0.7
0.8
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.8
0.8
1.0
1.0
1.0
0.8
1.0
1.8
1.4
0.8
1.0
1.3
2.1
1.3
1.7
1.1
1.8
0.9
1.6
1.8
1.7
2.2
2.1
1.3
1.5
1.8
1.0
1.4
2.0
1.7
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.1
2.6
2.0
2.0
0.8
2.0
3.2
3.0
2.5
0.1
0.4
0.5
0.8
0.6
0.9
0.7
0.5
0.7
0.7
1.0
1.1
1.1
0.8
1.2
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.2
1.0
0.4
0.9
1.7
1.6
1.3
0.5
1.4
1.0
1.7
1.0
1.9
1.3
1.2
1.2
0.7
0.9
1.8
1.5
1.3
2.1
1.9
1.4
1.7
1.8
1.8
1.8
2.6
1.3
2.0
2.0
3.2
2.6
1.6
1.9
2.6
48300
80440
37780
43980
48900
42420
15200
88890
46160
76380
15920
35330
46200
23610
40760
45460
8220
49730
21250
11860
60390
35160
16070
29350
38580
48450
45560
29450
5830
25030
12730
30990
5680
15040
7910
31800
17820
2580
18620
4070
11920
10410
4730
12660
8240
18520
5290
6550
10400
6530
12480
12280
5500
21,970
9240
Economy
Indonesia
Panama
Libya
Argentina
Antigua & Barbuda
Costa Rica
Egypt
Jordan
Georgia
Albania
Ukraine
Lebanon
India
Seychelles
Brazil
El Salvador
Cape Verde
Jamaica
Colombia
South Africa
Moldova
Mongolia
Suriname
Uzbekistan
Fiji
Ecuador
Paraguay
Guatemala
Armenia
Bolivia
Namibia
Philippines
Ghana
Botswana
Honduras
Kenya
Morocco
Pakistan
Bangladesh
Samoa
Nicaragua
Nigeria
Kyrgyzstan
Viet Nam
Tajikistan
China
Mali
Lesotho
Dominican Rep.
Haiti
Madagascar
Mozambique
S. Tom & Principe
Zimbabwe
Congo (Dem. Rep.)
Mobilebroadband
sub-basket
2.6
2.7
2.7
2.7
2.8
3.0
3.1
3.1
3.1
3.3
3.5
3.7
3.7
3.9
4.2
4.3
4.5
4.6
4.6
4.8
5.2
5.3
5.3
5.6
6.0
6.2
6.7
7.8
8.0
8.2
8.6
9.4
10.1
11.6
11.8
12.4
12.5
14.6
14.7
15.0
15.3
16.2
18.5
21.5
21.8
23.9
25.4
32.5
36.9
42.3
49.3
65.9
100.0
100.0
100.0
Prepaid
handsetbased
prices
(500MB)
as % of
GNI p.c.
2.3
2.3
4.1
2.7
2.8
2.8
3.9
2.3
2.5
1.5
2.6
2.8
2.9
5.2
4.0
3.4
2.1
4.9
5.8
3.8
5.2
5.7
4.7
4.8
4.5
6.3
7.7
7.8
4.8
6.4
8.8
6.3
9.0
9.0
16.1
8.2
20.0
3.1
16.8
17.9
18.3
13.0
15.8
2.0
21.8
3.8
19.6
29.8
26.1
16.9
35.1
65.9
156.5
101.3
126.4
Postpaid
computerbased
prices
(1GB) as
% of GNI
p.c.
2.8
3.0
1.2
2.7
2.9
3.2
2.2
3.9
3.7
5.1
4.5
4.6
4.6
2.6
4.3
5.2
6.8
4.2
3.4
5.9
5.2
4.9
6.0
6.4
7.4
6.2
5.8
7.8
11.2
10.1
8.4
12.5
11.3
14.1
7.4
16.5
4.9
26.1
12.6
12.2
12.3
19.5
21.2
40.9
21.8
44.0
31.3
35.2
47.7
67.7
63.4
65.9
110.3
168.8
316.0
GNI p.c.,
USD, 2011
(or latest
available)
2940
7910
12320
9740
12060
7660
2600
4380
2860
3980
3120
9110
1410
11130
10720
3480
3540
4980
6110
6960
1980
2320
7640
1510
3680
4140
2970
2870
3360
2040
4700
2210
1410
7480
1970
820
2970
1120
770
3190
1170
1200
920
1260
870
4940
610
1220
7090
700
430
470
1360
640
190
Source: ITU.
113
number of developing countries where the price of mobilebroadband services exceeds 5 per cent of the monthly GNI p.c.,
basket and income levels (GNI p.c.) is also weak. This suggests
of the ten countries with the least affordable prices, seven are
for the other ICT services included in the IPB (see Chart2.6),
50
Number of countries
40
Developed
30
Developing
30
3
20
1
10
23
19
11
11
8
4
0
0-2
2-5
5-10
10-20
Source: ITU.
114
20-50
>50
Mobile-broadband sub-basket
100
90
Mobile-broadband sub-basket
80
70
60
50
40
30
10
8
6
4
2
0
0
20
40
60
80
100
20
10
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Active mobile-broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
80
90
100
Source: ITU.
115
Table 3.18: ICT Price Basket and sub-baskets, 2011 and 2012
Rank
Economy
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
Macao, China
Qatar
Hong Kong, China
Singapore
Luxembourg
Norway
United Arab Emirates
United States
Denmark
Sweden
Switzerland
Finland
Austria
Cyprus
Japan
Korea (Rep.)
Germany
Iceland
Netherlands
France
Belgium
Canada
Russian Federation
Oman
Australia
Italy
Brunei Darussalam
Venezuela
Maldives
United Kingdom
Ireland
Trinidad & Tobago
Bahamas
Bahrain
Mauritius
Lithuania
Latvia
Costa Rica
Israel
Malta
Kazakhstan
Slovenia
Spain
Sri Lanka
Seychelles
Greece
Belarus
Portugal
Croatia
Saudi Arabia
Estonia
Slovakia
Malaysia
Uruguay
Poland
Czech Republic
Panama
Azerbaijan
Iran (I.R.)
Lebanon
Turkey
New Zealand
St. Kitts and Nevis
Tunisia
Ukraine
Romania
China
Hungary
Montenegro
Egypt
Mexico
Chile
Argentina
Georgia
Armenia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Serbia
Barbados
Mongolia
TFYR Macedonia
Bhutan
116
IPB
2012
0.2
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.6
0.6
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.9
0.9
0.9
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.2
2.3
2.3
2.4
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.6
2.6
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.9
2.9
2.9
2.9
3.0
3.1
2011
0.2
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.7
0.6
0.7
0.7
0.8
0.8
0.9
0.8
0.8
1.0
0.9
0.9
1.0
1.0
1.1
1.0
1.1
1.4
1.1
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.3
1.1
1.2
1.2
0.9
1.3
1.9
1.4
1.6
1.6
2.4
1.4
1.2
1.5
1.5
1.2
1.6
2.2
1.7
1.9
1.7
1.9
1.9
1.8
N/A
2.4
2.1
1.8
2.1
2.3
2.2
2.3
2.0
2.3
2.6
2.6
2.6
2.4
2.7
3.1
3.9
3.0
2.9
2.6
N/A
3.9
3.4
Fixed-telephone
sub-basket as a %
of GNI p.c.
Mobile-cellular
sub-basket as a %
of GNI p.c.
Fixed-broadband
sub-basket as a %
of GNI p.c.
2012
0.2
0.1
0.5
0.2
0.4
0.5
0.1
0.4
0.6
0.6
0.5
0.8
0.7
1.0
0.8
0.4
0.8
0.7
0.8
0.8
0.9
0.8
0.5
0.8
0.9
1.0
0.5
0.2
0.7
1.1
0.9
1.2
0.9
0.4
0.8
1.4
1.1
0.7
0.8
0.9
0.5
1.0
1.3
1.6
1.0
1.2
0.3
1.4
1.3
0.9
1.0
1.4
0.8
1.2
2.1
1.9
1.4
0.6
0.1
1.4
1.6
2.2
1.2
1.8
1.4
2.0
1.2
2.4
1.4
1.4
2.5
3.4
0.6
1.0
1.1
2.6
1.5
2.1
0.6
2.3
1.0
2012
0.1
0.3
0.1
0.3
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.9
0.2
0.5
0.8
0.3
0.4
0.3
0.8
0.4
0.5
0.7
1.0
1.2
1.0
1.1
1.3
0.5
0.5
1.1
0.8
1.5
1.1
1.5
1.4
1.2
1.0
1.1
0.9
1.1
1.3
0.6
1.5
1.8
1.7
1.3
1.5
0.5
1.6
2.1
1.7
1.4
1.5
1.0
1.9
1.3
1.1
2.3
1.1
1.8
1.9
2.4
1.3
2.7
3.6
2.1
2.1
3.1
3.0
3.9
0.6
2.4
3.0
2.9
3.0
2.2
4.9
2.5
3.1
3.9
2.6
2.3
3.0
3.4
2.0
2012
0.2
0.8
0.7
0.8
0.6
0.7
1.2
0.4
0.9
0.8
0.6
0.9
1.0
0.9
0.7
1.6
1.1
1.1
0.9
0.8
0.9
1.1
1.2
1.6
1.6
1.0
1.9
1.5
1.5
0.7
1.1
1.0
1.6
2.0
1.8
1.2
1.3
2.5
1.6
1.2
1.9
1.8
1.3
2.1
1.8
1.1
2.5
1.6
1.6
2.7
1.8
2.1
3.1
1.5
1.9
1.5
2.1
2.9
4.7
2.3
1.4
2.4
3.5
2.1
2.9
1.4
5.6
2.9
3.3
3.5
2.3
2.5
3.0
5.0
4.3
2.1
4.5
4.3
5.3
3.4
6.2
2011
0.2
0.1
0.5
0.2
0.4
0.5
0.1
0.3
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.7
0.7
1.0
0.8
0.4
0.8
0.7
0.8
0.8
0.9
0.7
0.8
0.8
0.9
0.9
0.5
0.2
0.7
1.1
0.9
1.5
0.9
0.4
0.8
1.3
1.1
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.4
1.0
1.3
1.6
1.0
1.2
0.2
1.4
1.5
0.9
1.0
1.4
0.8
1.4
2.0
1.9
2.0
0.6
N/A
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.2
1.7
0.9
2.0
1.0
2.2
1.4
1.4
2.5
2.7
0.5
1.0
1.1
2.6
1.5
2.0
N/A
3.2
1.9
2011
0.1
0.3
0.1
0.3
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.9
0.2
0.5
1.1
0.3
0.4
0.3
0.8
0.4
0.9
0.7
0.8
1.5
1.0
1.2
1.1
0.5
0.8
1.1
0.7
2.4
1.1
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.0
1.1
1.0
1.0
1.3
0.5
1.5
1.8
1.8
1.3
2.2
0.5
1.8
2.1
1.2
1.4
1.5
1.0
1.9
3.0
1.3
2.3
1.2
2.3
1.5
2.0
N/A
3.3
3.4
2.1
1.5
3.0
2.6
3.5
0.5
2.7
3.0
2.9
3.0
2.4
4.8
4.5
3.1
4.2
2.8
2.0
N/A
5.1
2.0
2011
0.2
0.8
0.7
0.8
0.6
0.7
1.2
0.5
0.9
0.8
0.6
0.9
1.0
0.9
0.7
1.6
1.1
1.0
0.8
0.8
0.7
0.8
1.2
1.6
1.6
1.0
1.9
1.5
1.5
0.7
1.1
1.0
1.6
2.0
2.0
1.1
1.3
2.3
0.4
1.2
3.5
1.8
1.3
2.6
4.3
1.0
2.2
1.6
1.6
1.8
1.8
2.1
3.1
2.0
1.9
1.5
2.3
2.9
N/A
2.3
1.4
1.8
3.5
2.1
2.9
1.4
4.5
2.1
3.3
3.5
2.4
2.0
2.8
3.7
7.5
2.1
4.4
3.8
N/A
3.4
6.2
GNI p.c.,
USD, 2011
(or latest
available year)
45460
80440
35160
42930
78130
88890
40760
48450
60390
53230
76380
48420
48300
29450
45180
20870
43980
35020
49730
42420
46160
45560
10400
19260
46200
35330
31800
11920
6530
37780
38580
15040
21970
15920
8240
12280
12350
7660
28930
18620
8220
23610
30990
2580
11130
25030
5830
21250
13850
17820
15200
16070
8420
11860
12480
18520
7910
5290
4520
9110
10410
29350
12480
4070
3120
7910
4940
12730
7060
2600
9240
12280
9740
2860
3360
4780
5680
12660
2320
4730
2070
Table 3.18: ICT Price Basket and sub-baskets, 2011 and 2012 (continued)
Rank
Economy
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
IPB
2012
3.1
3.1
3.1
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.3
3.4
3.4
3.5
3.6
4.0
4.0
4.2
4.3
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.8
5.0
5.1
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.4
5.7
6.2
6.4
7.6
8.3
8.5
8.7
8.8
8.9
9.2
10.0
10.5
10.9
11.8
12.1
12.7
15.6
16.3
16.8
18.4
19.4
19.9
21.8
23.8
24.4
25.2
26.2
26.5
26.7
28.4
30.3
35.3
36.6
37.7
37.7
39.0
39.2
39.8
41.4
42.3
44.7
48.2
48.4
49.4
51.7
53.5
55.3
57.9
79.3
83.4
2011
3.1
3.1
3.5
3.1
3.3
3.9
3.5
3.3
3.3
3.7
3.5
3.8
34.5
3.9
3.7
4.5
4.5
4.0
4.6
5.5
4.7
4.8
4.1
4.9
7.2
4.2
5.4
5.3
5.4
N/A
5.7
12.8
6.0
7.6
11.2
26.5
6.2
8.8
8.9
12.0
11.1
10.8
10.9
12.0
N/A
36.9
11.8
20.0
21.8
17.9
29.9
19.5
22.0
32.6
24.5
25.2
23.7
35.7
28.1
28.2
30.3
35.8
28.8
N/A
37.9
N/A
39.7
39.8
40.5
N/A
N/A
47.6
48.4
N/A
51.6
58.4
60.3
N/A
N/A
N/A
Fixed-telephone
sub-basket as a %
of GNI p.c.
Mobile-cellular
sub-basket as a %
of GNI p.c.
2012
1.3
0.5
1.7
2.7
2.2
2.6
1.8
2.0
1.7
2.2
2.7
3.3
1.1
3.8
2.4
2.0
3.6
2.1
2.2
4.1
2.9
1.9
2.4
1.3
0.9
4.9
2.3
3.6
0.3
8.0
1.9
4.5
2.4
3.7
3.3
1.8
3.7
8.1
5.0
4.8
1.1
6.0
6.2
14.1
14.0
2.5
4.4
6.5
5.5
3.9
9.5
9.1
21.2
16.9
18.5
21.6
14.0
19.9
60.8
2.9
22.6
0.1
7.6
9.5
18.4
13.5
7.3
7.6
20.5
11.1
9.3
11.6
16.4
8.0
31.2
22.5
32.9
24.6
62.6
75.9
2012
2.5
2.2
3.8
2.8
2.4
2.1
2.6
4.4
2.9
6.4
2.9
6.7
1.9
3.4
3.9
5.0
2.5
4.8
7.8
2.5
2.1
3.2
5.1
3.7
9.4
5.6
6.9
3.6
8.0
3.5
3.9
5.2
8.3
3.7
4.1
7.4
11.1
5.7
5.9
6.8
12.5
7.7
10.2
7.0
6.8
8.2
5.6
12.4
10.8
28.5
9.8
7.2
17.5
10.5
5.5
21.2
21.9
17.2
5.6
11.4
22.0
5.8
17.1
21.7
38.6
19.4
10.3
11.7
22.2
15.7
24.7
33.0
30.5
40.3
25.7
38.1
33.1
49.3
75.2
74.2
2011
1.3
0.4
1.7
2.7
2.2
2.6
1.8
1.7
1.7
2.2
2.5
2.7
1.0
2.8
2.1
2.0
3.2
2.1
2.3
2.2
2.8
1.9
2.4
1.3
2.7
4.0
2.9
3.1
0.3
N/A
2.1
5.6
2.4
4.3
3.3
1.6
3.0
8.1
5.0
4.8
1.1
7.5
6.4
14.1
N/A
1.8
4.4
7.7
11.4
3.9
15.8
7.6
21.2
16.9
18.5
21.6
12.2
22.9
60.0
2.9
22.6
0.1
7.6
N/A
18.9
N/A
7.3
7.6
14.7
N/A
N/A
9.8
16.4
N/A
30.9
30.9
34.6
N/A
N/A
N/A
2011
2.5
2.2
3.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
3.0
4.5
2.5
6.4
2.9
6.7
2.5
3.7
3.8
5.0
3.1
3.3
7.9
2.3
2.1
3.4
4.5
3.2
13.9
3.8
6.9
4.1
8.0
N/A
4.7
5.6
3.8
3.7
4.1
7.4
11.4
5.7
6.0
7.0
13.0
7.0
10.2
6.7
N/A
8.8
5.6
12.4
10.9
29.6
15.5
7.3
17.0
10.5
5.8
21.2
16.2
20.6
3.8
10.8
22.0
7.5
20.2
N/A
38.6
N/A
11.9
11.7
25.3
N/A
N/A
33.0
30.5
N/A
25.7
44.4
46.2
N/A
N/A
N/A
Fixed-broadband
sub-basket as a %
of GNI p.c.
2012
5.5
6.6
3.8
3.9
4.9
5.1
5.6
3.7
5.6
1.9
5.1
2.0
9.1
5.3
6.5
5.8
7.0
6.6
3.6
7.3
9.2
9.1
7.0
10.1
4.9
4.8
6.4
8.8
7.7
4.8
11.3
9.0
8.6
15.5
17.5
16.3
11.3
12.4
15.7
16.1
16.5
17.8
16.3
14.4
15.3
27.5
36.6
29.9
34.0
22.8
39.0
43.5
26.8
44.0
49.3
32.9
42.8
42.4
13.7
71.0
46.2
386.9
85.1
81.9
56.3
84.0
243.6
103.0
81.5
280.2
150.5
4,455.4
98.4
221.3
98.2
101.2
149.3
177.8
2,527.7
169.7
2011
5.5
6.6
4.9
3.9
4.9
6.2
5.6
3.7
5.7
2.6
5.1
2.0
184.6
5.3
5.3
6.5
7.1
6.6
3.6
12.1
9.2
9.1
5.5
10.1
4.9
4.7
6.5
8.8
7.7
N/A
10.2
27.0
11.8
14.9
26.3
70.7
4.2
12.5
15.7
24.2
19.3
17.8
16.3
15.2
N/A
318.0
25.3
39.8
43.2
20.2
58.5
43.5
27.7
70.5
49.3
32.9
42.8
63.6
20.7
71.0
46.2
386.9
58.7
N/A
56.3
N/A
243.6
203.1
81.5
N/A
N/A
4,455.4
98.4
N/A
98.2
375.1
149.3
N/A
N/A
N/A
GNI p.c.,
USD, 2011
(or latest
available year)
12060
7640
4470
5500
7220
4380
7090
6110
4420
6550
1410
10720
1510
5240
6680
4140
4980
6100
3980
770
7480
2940
3480
2900
2970
6960
3680
2970
1980
7980
1260
1300
2870
1120
4700
920
3540
2210
4060
3190
1070
540
3690
2040
3910
3300
1410
1270
830
1170
1200
2730
1000
2870
820
510
1070
540
2900
400
1100
5460
1160
700
640
1220
2110
1360
780
1110
1480
430
610
290
570
560
470
430
190
340
117
118
Rank
Economy
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
Iran (I.R.)
Cuba
United Arab Emirates
Qatar
Venezuela
Macao, China
Singapore
Belarus
Moldova
Korea (Rep.)
Bahrain
United States
Luxembourg
Suriname
Russian Federation
Brunei Darussalam
Kazakhstan
Hong Kong, China
Norway
Switzerland
Mongolia
Argentina
Azerbaijan
Denmark
Sweden
Maldives
Austria
Iceland
Costa Rica
Israel
Japan
Canada
Malaysia
Finland
Germany
Mauritius
France
Oman
Netherlands
Australia
Ireland
Malta
Bahamas
Saudi Arabia
Belgium
Morocco
Slovenia
Seychelles
Italy
Bhutan
Georgia
Estonia
Cyprus
Armenia
Yemen
Latvia
Uzbekistan
United Kingdom
China
St. Kitts and Nevis
Uruguay
Greece
Trinidad & Tobago
Antigua & Barbuda
Guyana
Spain
Croatia
Lebanon
Lithuania
Egypt
Montenegro
Portugal
Slovakia
Ukraine
Panama
Serbia
Sri Lanka
Turkey
Thailand
Algeria
Tunisia
Fixed-telephone
sub-basket as %
of GNI p.c.
2012
2011
0.1
N/A
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.4
0.4
0.5
0.4
0.5
0.8
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.4
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.6
0.6
N/A
0.6
0.5
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.8
0.7
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.7
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.7
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.7
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
2.7
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
0.9
1.0
1.9
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.0
1.1
1.1
1.2
1.0
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.4
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.5
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.5
1.4
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
0.9
1.4
2.0
1.5
1.5
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.5
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.8
1.7
Value
change
Relative change
(%)
2011-2012
N/A
N/A
0.0
-13
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.1
81
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
2
0.0
9
0.0
0
0.1
17
-0.4
-44
0.0
0
0.1
18
0.0
0
0.0
10
0.0
-6
N/A
N/A
0.0
3
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
4
0.0
4
0.0
0
0.0
1
0.0
0
0.0
3
0.0
0
0.1
16
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
2
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.2
23
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.1
8
-1.7
-65
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.1
6
-0.9
-49
0.0
0
0.0
1
0.0
2
0.0
0
0.0
-3
0.0
0
0.1
10
0.1
5
0.2
21
0.0
0
-0.2
-12
0.0
1
-0.3
-18
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
2
-0.2
-12
-0.2
-12
0.0
1
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.5
50
-0.5
-27
0.0
2
0.0
-2
0.1
5
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.1
3
Fixedtelephone
sub-basket,
USD
0.2
0.3
4.1
9.1
1.7
8.4
8.8
1.4
0.5
6.1
4.8
15.0
28.5
2.9
4.1
12.5
3.2
14.1
38.0
34.6
1.1
4.5
2.5
30.5
28.3
3.6
27.8
21.0
4.7
18.2
29.0
29.3
5.4
31.4
28.6
5.4
28.1
13.2
35.1
33.0
27.8
13.6
16.3
13.2
36.1
2.3
18.7
9.0
28.8
1.7
2.4
12.8
25.2
3.0
0.9
10.9
1.4
36.2
4.9
12.6
12.0
25.4
15.6
12.8
3.1
33.5
15.3
10.3
13.9
3.0
8.3
25.0
18.9
3.7
9.5
7.0
3.4
13.7
6.2
6.4
6.0
Fixedtelephone
sub-basket,
PPP$
0.5
4.3
8.7
2.0
9.9
10.7
3.7
0.9
8.3
6.2
15.0
22.3
3.3
6.6
18.8
3.8
20.5
24.0
21.1
1.7
7.3
3.7
21.0
20.5
5.0
23.6
17.2
6.7
16.2
21.7
23.5
8.8
24.1
25.6
9.0
23.2
15.2
30.0
20.5
23.8
17.5
23.3
15.7
29.9
3.8
21.2
20.2
26.3
4.3
4.1
16.9
26.3
5.2
1.6
15.2
2.5
33.3
7.6
14.3
13.1
25.8
24.3
16.4
3.5
33.6
21.1
15.2
21.2
6.7
15.7
28.4
25.8
7.4
17.4
13.5
6.7
22.8
10.9
10.6
13.2
GNI p.c.,
USD, 2011
(or latest
available)
4520
5460
40760
80440
11920
45460
42930
5830
1980
20870
15920
48450
78130
7640
10400
31800
8220
35160
88890
76380
2320
9740
5290
60390
53230
6530
48300
35020
7660
28930
45180
45560
8420
48420
43980
8240
42420
19260
49730
46200
38580
18620
21970
17820
46160
2970
23610
11130
35330
2070
2860
15200
29450
3360
1070
12350
1510
37780
4940
12480
11860
25030
15040
12060
2900
30990
13850
9110
12280
2600
7060
21250
16070
3120
7910
5680
2580
10410
4420
4470
4070
Economy
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
Kyrgyzstan
Dominica
Czech Republic
Viet Nam
Indonesia
Colombia
Romania
Ecuador
Poland
Barbados
St. Vincent and the Grenadines
New Zealand
Bulgaria
Grenada
Albania
Fiji
TFYR Macedonia
El Salvador
Hungary
Guatemala
Saint Lucia
Swaziland
Mexico
Jordan
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Peru
India
Ethiopia
Botswana
Namibia
Brazil
Chile
Paraguay
Jamaica
Cape Verde
Pakistan
Dominican Rep.
Nicaragua
Bangladesh
Ghana
Sudan
Samoa
South Africa
Angola
Cambodia
Nepal
Belize
Djibouti
Kiribati
Zambia
S. Tom & Principe
Gabon
Afghanistan
Philippines
Timor-Leste
Papua New Guinea
Nigeria
Haiti
Solomon Islands
Eritrea
Lesotho
Senegal
Marshall Islands
Bolivia
Mali
Vanuatu
Zimbabwe
Kenya
Tanzania
Benin
Mauritania
Uganda
Togo
Cte d'Ivoire
Madagascar
Burkina Faso
Mozambique
Micronesia
Congo (Dem. Rep.)
Malawi
Fixed-telephone
sub-basket as %
of GNI p.c.
2012
2011
1.8
1.6
1.8
1.8
1.9
1.9
1.9
2.1
1.9
1.9
2.0
1.7
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.1
2.0
2.1
2.0
2.1
2.1
2.2
1.5
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.3
2.3
2.9
2.3
3.2
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.2
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.1
2.5
1.8
2.5
2.5
2.6
2.6
2.6
2.6
2.7
2.7
2.7
2.5
2.9
2.9
2.9
2.8
3.3
3.3
3.3
2.7
3.4
2.7
3.6
3.1
3.6
3.2
3.7
3.0
3.7
4.3
3.8
2.8
3.9
3.9
4.1
2.2
4.4
4.4
4.5
5.6
4.8
4.8
4.9
4.0
5.0
5.0
5.5
11.4
6.0
7.5
6.2
6.4
6.5
7.7
7.3
7.3
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
8.0
N/A
8.0
N/A
8.1
8.1
9.1
7.6
9.3
N/A
9.5
15.8
9.5
N/A
11.1
N/A
11.6
9.8
13.5
N/A
14.0
12.2
14.0
N/A
14.1
14.1
16.4
16.4
16.9
16.9
18.4
18.9
18.5
18.5
19.9
22.9
20.5
14.7
21.2
21.2
21.6
21.6
22.5
30.9
22.6
22.6
24.6
N/A
31.2
30.9
32.9
34.6
60.8
60.0
62.6
N/A
75.9
N/A
Value
change
Relative change
(%)
2011-2012
0.2
0.0
0.0
-0.2
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.7
0.0
0.0
-0.1
-0.7
-0.9
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.3
0.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.6
0.7
0.4
0.5
0.7
-0.6
1.0
0.0
1.8
0.0
-1.1
0.0
0.9
0.0
-5.9
-1.5
-0.2
-1.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
N/A
N/A
0.0
1.6
N/A
-6.3
N/A
N/A
1.8
N/A
1.9
N/A
0.0
0.0
0.0
-0.6
0.0
-3.0
5.9
0.0
0.0
-8.5
0.0
N/A
0.3
-1.8
0.8
N/A
N/A
15
0
0
-9
0
15
0
0
2
4
0
48
0
0
-4
-23
-27
0
9
0
16
36
0
0
0
0
11
0
2
0
23
26
14
15
23
-14
38
0
82
0
-20
0
22
0
-52
-20
-3
-16
0
0
0
N/A
N/A
0
21
N/A
-40
N/A
N/A
18
N/A
15
N/A
0
0
0
-3
0
-13
40
0
0
-27
0
N/A
1
-5
1
N/A
N/A
Fixedtelephone
sub-basket,
USD
1.4
10.7
29.1
2.0
4.8
10.0
13.0
6.9
21.6
22.0
10.9
53.4
11.9
13.4
7.5
6.9
9.1
6.9
25.3
5.8
13.4
6.8
19.2
9.4
10.4
12.3
3.2
1.0
17.9
12.8
29.8
35.1
8.8
15.0
10.8
3.5
16.6
3.8
2.6
5.2
4.9
12.7
28.3
16.9
3.8
2.7
19.2
6.9
12.9
7.4
8.6
52.9
1.9
15.0
20.8
11.5
9.5
5.6
10.3
4.1
13.8
12.5
45.8
24.0
8.3
40.4
9.8
12.6
8.9
13.4
17.6
9.2
10.5
20.7
8.8
14.8
12.9
147.0
9.9
21.5
Fixedtelephone
sub-basket,
PPP$
3.1
19.1
37.1
4.5
6.4
14.3
23.5
12.9
34.1
32.2
18.7
44.2
24.4
19.3
16.5
7.5
21.6
12.8
38.9
9.0
18.0
11.2
29.2
12.1
19.6
21.2
7.6
3.0
30.4
16.5
27.8
42.2
13.2
21.8
11.8
8.1
29.7
9.1
6.6
6.3
8.4
16.4
38.7
19.5
10.0
5.6
31.2
13.1
18.5
8.4
12.1
76.0
4.6
26.2
36.9
16.8
16.5
9.0
19.9
5.1
21.4
22.1
N/A
50.8
13.7
61.0
N/A
26.8
25.7
27.1
39.4
27.8
18.7
31.3
18.3
32.4
23.6
177.3
16.1
53.6
GNI p.c.,
USD, 2011
(or latest
available)
920
7090
18520
1260
2940
6110
7910
4140
12480
12660
6100
29350
6550
7220
3980
3680
4730
3480
12730
2870
6680
3300
9240
4380
4780
5500
1410
400
7480
4700
10720
12280
2970
4980
3540
1120
5240
1170
770
1410
1300
3190
6960
4060
830
540
3690
1270
2110
1160
1360
7980
290
2210
2730
1480
1200
700
1110
430
1220
1070
3910
2040
610
2870
640
820
540
780
1000
510
560
1100
430
570
470
2900
190
340
119
120
Rank
Economy
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
Mobile-cellular
sub-basket as % of
GNI p.c.
2012
2011
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.9
0.5
0.8
0.5
0.5
0.6
0.5
0.6
0.5
0.7
0.7
0.8
0.7
0.8
1.1
0.8
0.8
0.9
0.9
0.9
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
0.8
1.1
1.3
1.1
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.2
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.2
1.5
1.2
1.1
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.1
1.3
1.3
1.3
3.0
1.3
N/A
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.2
1.5
1.5
1.5
2.4
1.5
1.3
1.5
1.5
1.5
2.2
1.6
1.8
1.7
1.8
1.7
1.2
1.8
2.3
1.8
1.8
1.9
2.5
1.9
1.5
1.9
1.9
2.0
2.0
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.1
1.5
2.1
2.8
2.2
2.4
2.2
2.2
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.0
2.4
2.0
2.4
2.7
2.4
2.8
2.5
2.5
2.5
4.5
2.5
3.1
2.5
2.3
2.6
3.0
2.6
2.8
2.7
3.3
2.8
2.8
2.9
2.5
2.9
2.9
Value
change
Relative
change (%)
2011-2012
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
-0.4
-0.3
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.0
-0.2
0.0
0.0
-0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
-0.3
0.1
-0.1
0.0
-0.2
0.0
0.0
-0.3
0.1
0.0
0.2
0.0
-1.7
N/A
0.0
0.2
0.0
-0.9
0.3
0.0
-0.7
-0.1
-0.1
0.6
-0.6
0.0
-0.6
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.7
-0.7
-0.2
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.3
-0.3
-0.4
0.0
-2.0
-0.6
0.2
-0.4
-0.1
-0.6
0.0
0.4
0.0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
1
0
0
0
-43
-35
0
16
7
15
7
-23
0
0
-8
0
0
0
24
-20
6
-12
0
-13
0
0
-19
12
-1
17
-1
-57
N/A
3
17
0
-38
21
2
-30
-8
-7
47
-24
0
-23
31
0
0
0
0
0
46
-25
-8
0
0
14
16
-13
-14
0
-44
-19
10
-13
-5
-17
0
17
0
Mobilecellular
sub-basket,
USD
1.8
5.7
10.3
9.3
9.1
18.7
25.2
13.8
8.4
14.7
27.7
7.4
20.6
1.1
18.9
20.3
8.7
2.3
3.8
21.9
20.8
51.3
30.7
35.6
6.5
14.1
17.5
39.7
43.5
7.4
10.8
40.8
31.9
11.3
6.0
15.0
42.2
15.1
25.1
11.1
13.3
17.5
5.0
25.3
46.0
36.2
14.9
47.8
17.6
39.9
15.3
11.3
8.4
27.7
28.2
2.4
12.6
24.6
3.5
43.3
13.0
51.6
22.1
7.8
22.8
14.2
22.4
24.6
10.4
25.1
14.7
25.3
6.0
10.5
1.6
15.4
12.5
20.9
12.8
10.6
6.3
Mobilecellular
sub-basket,
PPP$
2.6
6.7
7.1
11.3
9.6
18.0
15.9
10.7
8.8
12.5
21.6
10.0
15.0
2.2
16.9
12.6
10.0
3.5
5.3
17.9
31.3
31.3
22.9
35.6
10.8
16.8
25.1
33.0
37.1
11.9
16.5
32.7
29.0
17.8
8.4
19.6
34.8
23.4
28.5
18.1
18.5
23.9
13.7
28.7
39.4
32.2
17.7
44.0
24.4
40.1
34.5
13.3
21.6
35.3
36.2
4.4
23.0
32.6
9.0
44.1
22.1
42.7
25.1
10.0
27.4
16.1
24.5
36.0
15.3
38.6
21.1
32.4
10.3
15.2
4.1
27.4
24.1
31.0
21.9
18.5
14.2
GNI p.c.,
USD, 2011
(or latest
available)
35160
45460
60390
42930
40760
80440
88890
48420
29450
48300
78130
20870
53230
2580
43980
46200
19260
4940
7660
35020
31800
76380
45180
48450
8240
17820
21970
46160
49730
8420
12280
45560
35330
12480
6530
15920
42420
15040
23610
10400
12350
16070
4520
21250
38580
28930
11920
37780
13850
30990
11130
8220
5830
18520
18620
1510
7910
15200
2070
25030
7480
29350
12480
4380
12280
7640
11860
12660
5290
12730
7220
12060
2860
4980
770
7090
5680
9110
5500
4420
2600
Economy
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
India
Mongolia
Montenegro
Ukraine
Mexico
Tunisia
Armenia
Indonesia
TFYR Macedonia
Dominican Rep.
Gabon
Paraguay
Turkey
Pakistan
Guyana
Algeria
Viet Nam
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Saint Lucia
Romania
Namibia
Colombia
St. Vincent and the Grenadines
Argentina
Ecuador
El Salvador
Sudan
Kenya
South Africa
Micronesia
Ghana
Philippines
Cuba
Angola
Bulgaria
Brazil
Marshall Islands
Samoa
Fiji
Bolivia
Timor-Leste
Kyrgyzstan
Nepal
Albania
Moldova
Swaziland
Guatemala
Morocco
Nigeria
Belize
Kiribati
Vanuatu
Cambodia
Cape Verde
Ethiopia
S. Tom & Principe
Djibouti
Yemen
Solomon Islands
Zambia
Tanzania
Mauritania
Lesotho
Uganda
Haiti
Senegal
Cte d'Ivoire
Benin
Papua New Guinea
Burkina Faso
Nicaragua
Mali
Eritrea
Mozambique
Togo
Zimbabwe
Afghanistan
Madagascar
Malawi
Congo (Dem. Rep.)
Mobile-cellular
sub-basket as % of
GNI p.c.
2012
2011
2.9
2.9
3.0
N/A
3.0
3.0
3.0
2.6
3.0
3.0
3.1
3.0
3.1
3.1
3.2
3.4
3.4
5.1
3.4
3.7
3.5
N/A
3.6
4.1
3.6
3.4
3.7
3.7
3.7
3.2
3.8
3.8
3.9
4.7
3.9
4.2
3.9
3.8
3.9
3.5
4.1
4.1
4.4
4.5
4.8
3.3
4.9
4.8
5.0
5.0
5.1
4.5
5.2
5.6
5.5
5.8
5.6
3.8
5.6
3.8
5.6
5.6
5.7
5.7
5.8
7.5
5.9
6.0
6.4
6.4
6.7
6.7
6.8
N/A
6.8
7.0
6.9
6.9
7.0
6.7
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.4
7.7
7.0
7.8
7.9
8.0
8.0
8.2
8.8
8.3
3.8
9.4
13.9
9.8
15.5
10.2
10.2
10.3
11.9
10.5
10.5
10.8
10.9
11.1
11.4
11.4
10.8
11.7
11.7
12.4
12.4
12.5
13.0
15.7
N/A
17.1
20.2
17.2
20.6
17.5
17.0
19.4
N/A
21.2
21.2
21.7
N/A
21.9
16.2
22.0
22.0
22.2
25.3
24.7
N/A
25.7
25.7
28.5
29.6
30.5
30.5
33.0
33.0
33.1
46.2
38.1
44.4
38.6
38.6
40.3
N/A
49.3
N/A
74.2
N/A
75.2
N/A
Value
change
Relative
change (%)
2011-2012
0.0
N/A
0.0
0.4
0.0
0.1
0.0
-0.2
-1.7
-0.3
N/A
-0.5
0.2
0.0
0.5
0.0
-0.8
-0.4
0.1
0.4
0.0
0.0
1.5
0.1
0.0
0.6
-0.4
-0.4
1.8
1.9
0.0
0.0
-1.7
-0.1
0.0
0.0
N/A
-0.2
0.0
0.3
-0.1
0.0
0.7
-0.1
0.0
-0.7
4.5
-4.6
-5.8
0.0
-1.6
0.0
-0.1
-0.2
0.5
0.0
0.0
-0.5
N/A
-3.1
-3.4
0.6
N/A
0.0
N/A
5.6
0.0
-3.1
N/A
0.0
-1.1
0.0
0.0
-13.1
-6.2
0.0
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
0
N/A
0
14
0
5
0
-5
-34
-8
N/A
-12
5
0
16
0
-17
-8
2
11
0
-1
46
1
0
12
-8
-7
46
50
0
0
-22
-1
0
0
N/A
-3
0
4
-2
0
10
-1
0
-8
117
-33
-37
0
-13
0
-1
-2
5
0
0
-4
N/A
-16
-16
4
N/A
0
N/A
35
0
-12
N/A
0
-4
0
0
-28
-14
0
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Mobilecellular
sub-basket,
USD
3.5
5.7
17.5
7.8
23.4
10.6
8.8
7.9
13.3
14.9
23.3
8.8
31.4
3.5
9.0
14.1
4.1
15.4
21.6
25.7
16.0
22.7
24.6
39.4
17.1
14.7
5.6
3.7
32.6
13.6
6.6
10.5
26.5
20.0
34.8
60.2
22.2
18.1
21.1
11.8
16.3
5.7
3.5
25.9
13.2
22.5
19.8
23.2
9.8
31.3
18.1
25.1
7.5
32.9
3.8
13.2
13.2
11.1
14.5
16.5
7.7
14.6
19.8
9.0
12.6
19.5
20.1
14.4
30.4
12.2
27.8
15.5
11.8
13.0
17.8
20.6
9.7
17.7
21.0
11.9
Mobilecellular
sub-basket,
PPP$
8.3
8.9
33.0
15.6
35.5
23.2
15.5
10.6
31.5
26.7
33.4
13.2
52.3
8.1
10.3
23.5
9.0
29.0
29.0
46.3
20.7
32.4
42.2
63.4
31.8
27.4
9.8
7.9
44.6
16.4
8.0
18.3
N/A
23.1
71.0
56.0
N/A
23.4
23.0
25.1
28.8
12.8
7.2
57.4
22.8
36.8
30.9
37.9
17.0
50.9
26.0
37.9
19.7
35.7
11.9
18.5
25.1
19.2
28.1
18.8
22.3
32.7
30.6
27.2
20.5
34.5
30.4
29.3
44.4
26.7
65.7
25.5
14.4
23.8
31.7
N/A
23.5
36.8
52.3
19.4
GNI p.c.,
USD, 2011
(or latest
available)
1410
2320
7060
3120
9240
4070
3360
2940
4730
5240
7980
2970
10410
1120
2900
4470
1260
4780
6680
7910
4700
6110
6100
9740
4140
3480
1300
820
6960
2900
1410
2210
5460
4060
6550
10720
3910
3190
3680
2040
2730
920
540
3980
1980
3300
2870
2970
1200
3690
2110
2870
830
3540
400
1360
1270
1070
1110
1160
540
1000
1220
510
700
1070
1100
780
1480
570
1170
610
430
470
560
640
290
430
340
190
121
122
Rank
Economy
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
Macao, China
United States
Switzerland
Luxembourg
United Kingdom
Japan
Norway
Hong Kong, China
Qatar
France
Sweden
Singapore
Netherlands
Cyprus
Belgium
Denmark
Finland
Italy
Trinidad & Tobago
Austria
Canada
Ireland
Iceland
Germany
Greece
Lithuania
Russian Federation
United Arab Emirates
Malta
Spain
Latvia
Turkey
Romania
Czech Republic
Uruguay
Maldives
Venezuela
Korea (Rep.)
Israel
Australia
Oman
Bahamas
Croatia
Portugal
Seychelles
Estonia
Mauritius
Slovenia
Poland
Kazakhstan
Bulgaria
Brunei Darussalam
Brazil
Bahrain
Slovakia
Tunisia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Sri Lanka
Panama
Mexico
Lebanon
New Zealand
Belarus
Costa Rica
Chile
Saudi Arabia
Azerbaijan
Ukraine
Hungary
Argentina
Malaysia
Montenegro
TFYR Macedonia
Egypt
St. Kitts and Nevis
Albania
Colombia
Algeria
Peru
Barbados
Armenia
Fixed-broadband
sub-basket as % of
GNI p.c.
2012
2011
0.2
0.2
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.9
0.8
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.7
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.1
0.8
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.0
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.0
1.2
1.1
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.5
1.5
1.5
2.0
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.6
1.6
1.6
0.4
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.8
4.3
1.8
1.8
1.8
2.0
1.8
1.8
1.9
1.9
1.9
3.5
1.9
2.6
1.9
1.9
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.6
2.1
2.3
2.3
2.4
2.3
2.3
2.4
1.8
2.5
2.2
2.5
2.3
2.5
2.0
2.7
1.8
2.9
2.9
2.9
2.9
2.9
2.1
3.0
2.8
3.1
3.1
3.3
3.3
3.4
3.4
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.6
3.6
3.7
3.7
3.8
4.9
3.9
3.9
4.3
3.8
4.3
7.5
Value
change
Relative
change (%)
2011-2012
0.0
-0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
-0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
-2.6
0.0
-0.3
0.0
0.0
-1.6
-0.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
-0.5
-0.2
-0.1
0.0
0.6
0.2
0.2
0.5
0.9
0.0
0.0
0.8
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
-1.1
0.0
0.5
-3.2
-7
-25
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
2
0
30
0
0
0
0
0
31
0
12
0
17
11
0
0
0
3
-1
0
0
0
-26
0
0
0
320
0
0
0
2
0
-59
0
-13
0
0
-45
-26
0
0
0
0
0
0
-18
-7
-5
-1
34
10
9
25
49
0
0
37
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-23
0
12
-42
Fixedbroadband
sub-basket,
USD
7.9
15.0
38.3
40.3
20.8
26.6
53.3
21.6
54.9
29.2
36.8
30.0
35.4
21.9
34.7
46.4
37.4
28.0
12.3
41.6
40.4
34.8
31.8
41.7
23.7
12.1
10.2
40.6
19.3
33.5
13.8
12.5
9.5
22.6
14.9
8.2
15.4
27.1
38.3
61.9
26.0
30.0
19.0
29.2
16.3
22.2
12.2
36.2
19.9
13.2
10.5
51.7
17.8
26.6
27.6
7.0
8.3
4.5
14.0
17.6
17.6
59.2
11.9
15.8
25.8
39.7
12.7
7.5
31.0
24.3
21.6
19.5
13.5
7.6
36.7
11.9
18.7
14.1
18.0
45.2
12.1
Fixedbroadband
sub-basket,
PPP$
9.3
15.0
23.4
31.5
19.2
19.9
33.7
31.3
52.8
24.1
26.7
36.6
30.2
22.9
28.8
31.8
28.8
25.5
19.2
35.3
32.4
29.8
26.1
37.3
24.2
18.4
16.6
42.9
24.8
33.6
19.1
20.8
17.2
28.8
16.3
11.5
18.3
36.5
34.0
38.4
29.8
43.0
26.2
33.1
36.7
29.5
20.1
41.0
31.5
15.4
21.5
77.6
16.6
34.6
37.6
15.4
15.7
8.9
25.5
26.7
26.1
49.0
30.9
22.3
31.1
47.3
18.6
15.1
47.8
39.1
34.8
36.8
32.1
17.2
41.6
26.4
26.7
23.4
30.9
66.1
21.3
GNI p.c.,
USD, 2011
(or latest
available)
45460
48450
76380
78130
37780
45180
88890
35160
80440
42420
53230
42930
49730
29450
46160
60390
48420
35330
15040
48300
45560
38580
35020
43980
25030
12280
10400
40760
18620
30990
12350
10410
7910
18520
11860
6530
11920
20870
28930
46200
19260
21970
13850
21250
11130
15200
8240
23610
12480
8220
6550
31800
10720
15920
16070
4070
4780
2580
7910
9240
9110
29350
5830
7660
12280
17820
5290
3120
12730
9740
8420
7060
4730
2600
12480
3980
6110
4470
5500
12660
3360
Economy
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
Serbia
Iran (I.R.)
Gabon
South Africa
Grenada
Morocco
Georgia
Jordan
India
Mongolia
Dominican Rep.
Antigua & Barbuda
Dominica
Thailand
China
Ecuador
Bhutan
Fiji
Saint Lucia
Suriname
St. Vincent and the Grenadines
El Salvador
Jamaica
Bangladesh
Moldova
Guatemala
Paraguay
Sudan
Indonesia
Uzbekistan
Botswana
Guyana
Viet Nam
Cape Verde
Philippines
Micronesia
Bolivia
Marshall Islands
Pakistan
Angola
Samoa
Belize
Kyrgyzstan
Yemen
Namibia
Nepal
Nicaragua
Mauritania
Swaziland
Djibouti
Uganda
Cambodia
Ghana
Nigeria
Tanzania
Senegal
Timor-Leste
Vanuatu
Cte d'Ivoire
Kenya
Zimbabwe
Ethiopia
Benin
Haiti
Lesotho
Zambia
Burkina Faso
Mali
Togo
S. Tom & Principe
Mozambique
Papua New Guinea
Malawi
Madagascar
Afghanistan
Kiribati
Solomon Islands
Cuba
Congo (Dem. Rep.)
Eritrea
Fixed-broadband
sub-basket as % of
GNI p.c.
2012
2011
4.4
4.5
4.7
N/A
4.8
N/A
4.8
4.7
4.9
4.9
4.9
4.9
5.0
3.7
5.1
6.2
5.1
5.1
5.3
N/A
5.3
5.3
5.5
5.5
5.6
5.6
5.6
5.7
5.6
4.5
5.8
6.5
6.2
6.2
6.4
6.5
6.5
5.3
6.6
6.6
6.6
6.6
7.0
5.5
7.0
7.1
7.3
12.1
7.7
7.7
8.6
11.8
8.8
8.8
9.0
27.0
9.1
9.1
9.1
184.6
9.2
9.2
10.1
10.1
11.3
10.2
11.3
4.2
12.4
12.5
13.7
20.7
14.4
15.2
15.3
N/A
15.5
14.9
15.7
15.7
16.1
24.2
16.3
16.3
16.3
70.7
16.5
19.3
17.5
26.3
17.8
17.8
22.8
20.2
26.8
27.7
27.5
318.0
29.9
39.8
32.9
32.9
34.0
43.2
36.6
25.3
39.0
58.5
42.4
63.6
42.8
42.8
43.5
43.5
44.0
70.5
46.2
46.2
49.3
49.3
56.3
56.3
71.0
71.0
81.5
81.5
81.9
N/A
84.0
N/A
85.1
58.7
98.2
98.2
98.4
98.4
101.2
375.1
103.0
203.1
149.3
149.3
150.5
N/A
169.7
N/A
177.8
N/A
221.3
N/A
243.6
243.6
280.2
N/A
386.9
386.9
2527.7
N/A
4455.4
4455.4
Value
change
Relative
change (%)
2011-2012
0.1
N/A
N/A
0.1
0.0
0.0
1.2
-1.1
0.0
N/A
0.0
0.0
0.0
-0.1
1.1
-0.7
0.0
-0.1
1.2
0.0
0.0
1.6
-0.1
-4.8
0.0
-3.2
0.0
-18.0
0.0
-175.5
0.0
0.0
1.0
7.1
-0.1
-7.0
-0.8
N/A
0.6
0.0
-8.1
0.0
-54.4
-2.8
-8.8
0.0
2.5
-1.0
-290.4
-10.0
0.0
-9.2
11.3
-19.5
-21.2
0.0
0.0
-26.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
N/A
N/A
26.4
0.0
0.0
-273.9
-100.1
0.0
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
0.0
N/A
0.0
N/A
0.0
2
N/A
N/A
3
0
0
33
-18
0
N/A
0
0
0
-2
25
-11
0
-2
24
0
0
29
-1
-40
0
-27
0
-67
0
-95
0
0
10
167
-1
-34
-5
N/A
4
0
-34
0
-77
-14
-33
0
13
-4
-91
-25
0
-21
44
-33
-33
0
0
-38
0
0
0
0
0
N/A
N/A
45
0
0
-73
-49
0
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
0
N/A
0
N/A
0
Fixedbroadband
sub-basket,
USD
21.2
17.8
31.8
28.1
29.4
12.2
11.9
18.7
6.0
10.3
23.3
54.9
33.0
20.7
23.2
20.2
10.7
19.5
36.2
41.9
33.6
20.3
29.2
4.7
12.8
20.6
21.8
9.7
22.2
11.5
57.3
24.5
11.8
33.3
22.9
33.0
24.5
50.0
14.5
53.2
42.7
50.0
12.5
14.7
68.7
8.0
22.2
22.3
75.7
31.6
14.0
23.5
43.0
39.0
19.1
38.1
99.0
105.2
42.4
33.7
30.0
23.7
53.0
47.8
85.4
82.3
46.6
50.0
47.2
116.8
58.5
185.6
48.1
63.7
53.5
428.3
259.2
1760.4
400.2
1596.5
Fixedbroadband
sub-basket,
PPP$
40.8
48.6
45.7
38.4
42.2
20.0
20.4
24.0
14.4
16.0
41.6
70.3
58.6
36.2
36.1
37.4
27.2
21.3
48.5
47.4
57.8
37.8
42.2
11.8
22.0
32.1
32.6
16.9
29.7
21.2
97.4
28.2
26.2
36.2
39.9
39.8
51.9
N/A
33.8
61.3
55.3
81.3
28.2
25.4
88.6
16.6
52.5
49.8
124.0
60.2
42.2
62.0
51.6
68.0
54.9
67.5
175.4
158.7
64.0
71.6
N/A
74.0
107.6
77.7
132.4
93.7
101.7
82.2
84.3
163.1
107.4
271.1
119.7
132.7
129.0
615.5
502.6
N/A
650.9
1951.7
GNI p.c.,
USD, 2011
(or latest
available)
5680
4520
7980
6960
7220
2970
2860
4380
1410
2320
5240
12060
7090
4420
4940
4140
2070
3680
6680
7640
6100
3480
4980
770
1980
2870
2970
1300
2940
1510
7480
2900
1260
3540
2210
2900
2040
3910
1120
4060
3190
3690
920
1070
4700
540
1170
1000
3300
1270
510
830
1410
1200
540
1070
2730
2870
1100
820
640
400
780
700
1220
1160
570
610
560
1360
470
1480
340
430
290
2110
1110
5460
190
430
123
Endnotes
The conclusions and recommendations of the tenth World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators Meeting are available at:
http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Documents/events/wtim2012/wtim2012_037_E_doc.pdf.
For more details on the standards agreed by the ITU Radiocommunication Assembly for next-generation mobile technologies IMT-Advanced
see http://www.itu.int/net/pressoffice/press_releases/2012/02.aspx.
2012 fixed-broadband prices from Lao P.D.R. and Rwanda refer to 2011.
Countries where an increase in both data allowances and speeds from 2011 to 2012 was reflected in an increase in fixed-broadband prices include
Canada, Belgium and Hungary.
See http://www22.verizon.com/home/highspeedinternet/#plans.
In Romania, most fixed (wired)-broadband subscriptions correspond to FTTB/FTTC/FTTN plus coaxial cable to reach the premises. In the Republic of
Korea, FTTH is the dominant fixed (wired)-broadband technology.
See endnote 6.
The median rather than the average is used for benchmarking prices per unit of speed because the median screens outliers, which in this case
could greatly alter the results. For instance, if a given country has a very high price per Mbit/s, it will have a significant impact on the result of the
average, but it will not directly affect the result of the median.
Entry-level fixed-broadband plans are based on a minimum speed of 256 kbit/s, and a minimum monthly data usage of 1 GB. See Annex 2 for more
details on the rules applied to the collection of fixed-broadband prices.
References to income levels are based on the World Bank classification, see
http://data.worldbank.org/about/country-classifications/country-and-lending-groups.
10
See Annex 2 for more details on the different methods of presenting prices used in this publication.
11
For example, if country A and country B have the same price in USD for any given ICT service, but in country A prices of other products are in
general cheaper (in USD), then applying PPP exchange rates to the ICT service price in country A will make this service more expensive. That is
because, compared to country B, in country A the same amount of USD (exchanged into national currency at market exchange rates) can buy more
products or services. Therefore, the ICT service in country A is more expensive in terms of what could be bought with that amount in each country.
The International Comparison Program (ICP) is the major global initiative to produce internationally comparable price levels. It is overseen by a
Global Office housed in the World Bank and is implemented through the national statistical offices of more than 110 countries. Together with the
OECD/Eurostat PPP data, it provides PPP data for all countries in the ICT Price Basket, except for Cuba and Zimbabwe. For more information on PPP
methodology and data, see http://siteresources.worldbank.org/ICPEXT/Resources/ICP_2011.html.
12
13
See http://www.ace-submarinecable.com/ace/media/ace_en/UPL8278106536144867809_PR_Orange_ACE_EN_191212.pdf.
14
See http://www.antel.com.uy/antel/personas-y-hogares/internet/planes/adsl/universal-hogares-prepago.
15
See http://www.skmm.gov.my/Sectors/Broadband/National-Broadband-Initiative.aspx.
16
For more information on this initiative, which is coordinated by the Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission, see
http://www.skmm.gov.my/skmmgovmy/media/General/pdf/Press-Release-PKB-GMBO.pdf.
17
18
For more information on the Intel World Ahead Program, see Featured Insight 18 in ITU (2012) and
http://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/world-ahead/intel-world-ahead-program-connectivity.html.
19
See http://ec.europa.eu/digital-agenda/en/pillar-4-fast-and-ultra-fast-internet-access.
20
Data for fixed-telephone, mobile-cellular and fixed-broadband services have been collected since 2008 through the ITU ICT Price Basket
Questionnaire, which is sent out annually to all ITU Member States/national statistical contacts. In 2012, the collection of mobile-broadband services
was included.
21
The Expert Group on Telecommunication/ICT Indicators (EGTI) was created in May 2009 with the mandate to revise the list of ITU supply-side
indicators (i.e. data collected from operators), as well as to discuss outstanding methodological issues and new indicators. EGTI is open to all ITU
members and experts in the field of ICT statistics and data collection. It works through an online discussion forum (http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/ict/
ExpertGroup/default.asp) and face-to-face meetings. EGTI reports to the World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators Symposium (WTIS).
22
In addition, in some (mostly developed) countries operators are offering mobile-broadband plans for use on tablet computers. These were not
considered in the data collection, given that their availability at the global level is still limited.
23
These rules were presented to the Expert Group on Telecommunication/ICT Indicators (EGTI) in September 2012. EGTI agreed that ITU should
collect prepaid and postpaid prices, for both handset- and computerbased services, with the following volume allowances: 1 GB for computer
based and 250 MB as well as 500 MB for handsetbased usage. The EGTI proposals to measure mobile-broadband prices were endorsed by the
tenth World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators Meeting held in September 2012 in Bangkok, Thailand.
24
124
In line with the ITU definition of active mobile-broadband subscriptions (ITU, 2011b) and the OECD Wireless Broadband Indicator Methodology
(OECD, 2010a), only plans that allow access to the greater Internet via HTTP are considered. This excludes plans that provide access only to walled
garden services (such as a limited number of websites, content and applications) or e-mail only services. It also excludes connections limited to a
part of the Internet, such as those limited to the national Internet, or to intranets.
25
Some operators throttle speeds after the data allowance included in the base package has been reached. Customers can then pay an excess usage
charge in order to continue to have full-speed connections. In some cases, even throttled speeds are still considered broadband (i.e. equal to, or
greater than, 256 kbit/s according to ITUs definition).
26
Cisco (2013a), Cisco Visual Networking Index: Global Mobile Data Traffic Forecast Update, 2012-2017, White Paper, February 2013.
27
See for instance Ofcom (2011a), pp. 187-188, and Horrigan (2013). The only EU country where mobile broadband has been proven to be a
substitute, rather than complement, for fixed broadband is Austria (see pp. 5-6 of the European Commissions letter of withdrawal of serious doubts
and comments in response to the proposal for wholesale broadband regulation in Austria, Case AT/2009/0970).
28
McDonough, Carol C. (2012), Fixed and mobile broadband: Demand and market structure, 23rd European Regional Conference of the International
Telecommunication Society, Vienna, Austria, July 2012. Available at http://hdl.handle.net/10419/60350.
29
Mobile-broadband speeds are not always advertised, since they are often not a determining factor in the mobile-broadband package and its price.
Moreover, advertised mobile-broadband speeds offer only an indication of the actual speed, which may change at any moment depending on the
location of the subscriber and the number of subscribers in the same area.
30
The m-Powering Development initiative was launched in October 2012 at ITU TELECOM World 2012. For more information on this ITU initiative, see
http://www.itu.int/net/pressoffice/press_releases/2012/75.aspx.
31
By end 2012, 3G coverage had already reached around 50 per cent of the population worldwide.
32
Ericsson (2012) estimates that smartphone subscriptions represented a sixth of mobile subscriptions worldwide by the end of 2012, and forecast
that they will increase to up to a third of total mobile subscriptions by 2018. According to IDC, for the first time ever, in Q1 2013 more smartphones
than feature phones were shipped (http://www.idc.com/getdoc.jsp?containerId=prUS24085413).
33
See Box 3.2 in ITU (2011a) for a more detailed discussion on how the methodology of the ITU mobile-cellular sub-basket affects the measurement
of mobile-cellular prices in developed countries.
34
Data are not available means that (i) mobile-broadband prices are not advertised on operators websites, and (ii) mobile-broadband prices were not
reported by the country administration to ITU through the 2012 ICT Price Basket Questionnaire.
35
The correlation between the results of a mobile-broadband sub-basket using four plans, i.e. (i) prepaid handset-based, 500 MB; (ii) postpaid handsetbased, 500 MB; (iii) prepaid computer-based, 1 GB; and (iv) postpaid computer-based, 1 GB), and a basket using two plans, i.e. (i) and (iv), is very high:
0.994 (1 being a perfect correlation). This statistical relation is confirmed by a paired sample t-test, which compares the means of the two values
(using two plans and four plans) and shows that there is no significant difference. Therefore, the mobile-broadband sub-basket can be constructed
on the basis of two plans without losing much information.
36
The IPB includes entry-level plans for several telecommunication services, and aims to measure the affordability of such services. Therefore, rather
than a measure of different usages (high-volume, low-volume, prepaid, postpaid), it is a measure of the affordability of entry-level plans for the same
usage and type of contract in each service.
37
Bahrain and the United Arab Emirates were the first Arab States to launch commercial 3G services in December 2003. Moreover, competition in
the mobile-broadband market is high, with three operators offering 3G services (ITU, 2012c). Indeed, the incumbent Batelco competes with two
transnational operators: Zain Bahrain and Viva, which is part of the STC group. Competition has been spurred by key regulatory decisions, such as
the granting of the third mobile licence in March 2010, and the adoption of light-touch regulation for mobile-broadband prices, which have been
freely set by each mobile operator since 2010 (TRA Bahrain, 2013).
38
125
4.1 Introduction
broader issues?
127
Box 4.1: Youth and ICT: the BYND 2015 Global Youth Summit
Young people are increasingly earning recognition from
use ICTs include their capacity to learn to use ICTs quickly, their
their generally higher literacy rates and the extra spare time they
generations call.
people but also the effect that young people have in terms of
and it has given them a voice where before they had none. ICT
employment.
http://www.itu.int/en/bynd2015/Pages/default.aspx.
128
the majority.
Internet (Prensky, 2001a: 1). In other words, they are the first
lived their entire lives surrounded by and using tools and toys
not only a part of their lives but are integral parts of their lives
129
an MP3 player.
case of the United States, all people born before 1980 are
(Box 4.2).
Box 4.2: Survey depicts optimistic millennial generation that believes in the potential of ICTs
A 2013 online survey by Telefnica and the Financial Times of
were the most optimistic about the economy and their regions
pessimistic.
130
how and for what they use digital technology and media.
adults born between 1983 and 1990, and label the former
World War II. Their baby boomer label has stayed with them
131
born after 1983 but are younger than 25, was that those
One thing is clear, though: given that the digital age has
skills or expertise.
132
133
younger than 22 years old in 2007 (i.e. born after 1985), had
old and had more than ten years experience (2010: 4).
(Prensky, 2001a).
134
ability to learn.
some argue that the set of digital natives is defined not just
by who they are or what they do, but also by how their brain
The following section will show that the literature not only
varies on just how to define digital native, but also differs in
terms of its enthusiasm for the concept itself. While some
writers have argued that digital nativism is the biggest
change to hit the worlds youth, others suggest it is more
of the same and part of an ever-evolving media landscape.
135
al., 2011).
homogeneous whole.
those who are natives and those who are not the so-
136
(Buckingham, 2006).
simultaneously.
Western bias
137
digital natives does not allow for nuancing, but rather entails
in the same way, and that those who use technology are not
on how ICTs are used by, and impact on, young people
digital nativism, as this report does for the first time, some
its value and validity. This process will serve both to provide
138
Internet users (%) aged 10-19 in year t - 5 * population aged 10-19 in year t - 5 / 100
0 < x 85
x > 85
(1)
(2)
where x is the total Internet user penetration (%) and y is the youth Internet user penetration (%) in a given year.
This means that the estimated youth Internet user penetration (%) for Costa Rica in 2007 was 56.01, which, according to the digital
native model, is equal to the digital native penetration (%) in year 2012.
Digital native absolute number in year 2012 = Internet users (%) aged 10-19 in year 2007 * population aged 10-19 in year 2007 / 100
139
15-24 than for the age group 10-19, data for the first age
for the age group 10-19 is similar to that for the age
countries at the median are Belarus and Syria, with 5.5 and
digital natives. Table 4.1 shows the values for all countries
included in the model.
(180 countries).
digital natives.
around 7 billion. Thus, across the globe, some 5.2 per cent of
same time, this accounts for 30 per cent of the global youth
youth population.
140
Figure 4.1: Distribution of digital natives across countries (absolute numbers), 2012
Algeria
Argentina
Indonesia
Germany
Canada
Japan
Brazil
Australia
Moldova
Iran (I.R.)
Ban- Belglad- gium
esh
Chile
Korea
(Rep. of)
India
Mexico
Italy
Morocco
Sudan
Nigeria
Turkey
Netherlands
China
Thailand
United
Kingddom
Pakistan
Peru
Russian
Fed.
Venezuela
Philippines
United States
Saudi
Arabia
Russian
Fed.
Colom- Czech Rep.
bia
Egypt
Viet Nam
Spain
France
South
Africa
Note: Absolute number of digital natives in each country (listed alphabetically, top to bottom and left to right) indicated by relative size of box.
Source: ITU
than that of other top IDI countries, at 14.3 per cent of the
high, and the Republic of Korea has topped the IDI for
141
0.1 - 3.0
3.1 - 6.0
6.1 - 9.0
9.1 - 14.0
Source: ITU.
cent) that was also fairly high in 2007 (42 per cent). With 18
per cent of the population falling into the youth age range,
was not particularly high (15 per cent) in 2007, young people
ICT-in-education skills.
13
142
Rank
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
Economy
Iceland
New Zealand
Korea (Rep.)
Malaysia
Lithuania
United States
Barbados
Slovakia
Latvia
Denmark
Norway
Singapore
Brunei Darussalam
Finland
Netherlands
Israel
Canada
Poland
Estonia
Sweden
Hong Kong, China
Australia
Chile
Switzerland
United Kingdom
France
Malta
Luxembourg
Saint Lucia
Macao, China
Belgium
Austria
Saudi Arabia
Hungary
Trinidad & Tobago
Grenada
Brazil
Germany
Uruguay
Costa Rica
Slovenia
TFYR Macedonia
Czech Republic
Peru
Cyprus
Ireland
Japan
Croatia
Turkey
Bahamas
Portugal
Morocco
Argentina
Jamaica
Jordan
Viet Nam
Montenegro
Serbia
Spain
Colombia
Maldives
Kuwait
Venezuela
Panama
United Arab Emirates
Mexico
Bulgaria
Greece
Moldova
Romania
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Dominican Rep.
Lebanon
Micronesia
Mauritius
S. Tom & Principe
St. Vincent and the Gr.
Italy
Egypt
Kyrgyzstan
Tunisia
Bahrain
Guyana
Russian Federation
Thailand
Albania
Zimbabwe
Azerbaijan
China
Belarus
DN
(total)
45495
606040
6552589
3914573
436045
41322288
35830
696917
275036
685624
607837
643589
50049
645961
1993587
915636
4124622
4538102
158260
1110582
833148
2621640
1961464
862768
6992034
6982540
45548
56414
18921
60149
1139462
886475
2988281
1018863
137561
10702
20081178
8287453
340181
479028
202731
205166
1044895
2922648
110504
447888
12200091
420144
6933267
32393
980279
2829799
3555551
238553
542817
7527242
52658
819138
3887992
3904502
26444
234242
2366932
285298
635781
9086114
560896
861104
263203
1584515
270180
733019
306940
8013
92113
11849
7335
4065346
5532746
357450
700044
87967
48049
8974678
4387062
198333
796166
551410
75210372
527032
DN as a
% of total
population
13.9
13.6
13.5
13.4
13.2
13.1
13.1
12.7
12.3
12.3
12.3
12.2
12.1
12.0
11.9
11.9
11.9
11.8
11.8
11.7
11.6
11.4
11.3
11.2
11.1
11.0
10.9
10.8
10.6
10.6
10.6
10.5
10.4
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.1
10.1
10.0
10.0
9.9
9.9
9.9
9.8
9.8
9.8
9.6
9.6
9.3
9.2
9.2
8.7
8.6
8.6
8.4
8.4
8.3
8.3
8.3
8.2
8.2
8.1
7.9
7.9
7.8
7.8
7.6
7.5
7.5
7.4
7.2
7.2
7.2
7.1
7.0
6.9
6.7
6.7
6.6
6.6
6.5
6.5
6.3
6.3
6.3
6.1
6.1
5.9
5.6
5.5
DN as a
% of
total
youth*
95.9
94.8
99.6
74.7
92.7
95.6
90.5
92.9
97.0
96.9
93.3
88.4
73.7
98.3
98.4
80.0
90.1
89.4
96.0
89.4
90.5
83.1
67.0
94.0
85.9
90.7
79.8
88.5
56.0
73.7
91.3
87.7
59.0
84.9
63.4
48.4
60.2
94.2
65.4
54.7
92.3
67.5
82.1
52.1
62.7
78.4
99.5
80.7
53.7
53.3
86.7
45.8
52.5
46.7
40.4
43.6
60.1
62.8
84.6
45.6
35.4
55.8
43.5
46.0
56.6
43.3
68.3
74.6
45.6
60.1
55.7
38.8
40.1
32.2
42.3
32.8
36.5
67.8
34.9
30.5
36.7
50.8
32.4
49.6
42.3
34.1
25.1
30.9
34.7
41.8
Share of
youth
population**
14.4
14.3
13.5
17.9
14.3
13.7
14.4
13.7
12.7
12.6
13.1
13.8
16.5
12.2
12.1
14.9
13.2
13.3
12.3
13.1
12.8
13.8
16.8
11.9
13.0
12.1
13.6
12.2
19.0
14.4
11.6
12.0
17.7
12.1
16.1
21.0
16.8
10.7
15.3
18.3
10.8
14.7
12.1
18.9
15.6
12.5
9.7
11.9
17.3
17.3
10.6
19.0
16.5
18.5
20.8
19.2
13.8
13.2
9.8
18.0
23.0
14.5
18.2
17.1
13.8
18.1
11.1
10.1
16.4
12.3
13.0
18.5
17.8
22.2
16.6
21.0
18.4
9.8
18.9
21.5
17.8
12.7
19.6
12.7
14.8
18.0
24.4
19.0
16.0
13.2
Rank
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
Economy
Syria
Suriname
Belize
Bolivia
Qatar
Honduras
Ecuador
Cape Verde
Fiji
Oman
Iran (I.R.)
Algeria
Mongolia
Tajikistan
Sudan
Paraguay
Uzbekistan
Kenya
Senegal
Cuba
South Africa
Haiti
Guatemala
Tonga
Pakistan
Tanzania
El Salvador
Vanuatu
Nigeria
Georgia
Gambia
Gabon
Bhutan
Philippines
Ukraine
Botswana
Yemen
Samoa
Namibia
Swaziland
Armenia
Indonesia
Zambia
Nicaragua
Lesotho
Libya
Ghana
Uganda
India
Kazakhstan
Angola
Cameroon
Sri Lanka
Congo
Togo
Comoros
Guinea-Bissau
Rwanda
Afghanistan
Solomon Islands
Lao P.D.R.
Cte d'Ivoire
Bangladesh
Benin
Djibouti
Papua New Guinea
Turkmenistan
Nepal
Equatorial Guinea
Mauritania
Somalia
Malawi
Mozambique
Iraq
Chad
Mali
Guinea
Burundi
Burkina Faso
Madagascar
Cambodia
Liberia
Ethiopia
Central African Rep.
Eritrea
Congo (Dem. Rep.)
Niger
Sierra Leone
Myanmar
Timor-Leste
DN
(total)
1141451
28450
16847
500185
93271
362189
671850
22316
38639
126663
3188749
1512106
117484
280152
1789721
259834
1072320
1596013
485465
414580
1848847
369222
528839
3655
6143363
1571929
197758
7909
5154598
128126
53912
44935
21253
2699063
1231068
54891
665487
4583
57556
29692
75543
5841176
324758
123340
43477
122917
468171
644338
22660059
269422
317113
302917
301853
55530
72077
8701
17710
118691
335958
5549
62152
195380
1423409
84682
8169
62852
39693
238079
5653
26877
56955
85334
122269
166937
55872
73385
46734
38081
74860
83190
50145
12759
229727
11713
14180
175259
40436
11034
76302
1495
DN as a
% of total
population
5.4
5.3
5.2
4.9
4.8
4.6
4.5
4.4
4.4
4.4
4.2
4.1
4.1
4.0
3.9
3.9
3.8
3.7
3.7
3.7
3.6
3.6
3.5
3.5
3.4
3.3
3.2
3.1
3.1
3.0
3.0
2.9
2.8
2.8
2.7
2.7
2.6
2.5
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.3
2.1
2.0
1.9
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.6
1.6
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.0
1.0
1.0
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.1
DN as a
% of
total
youth*
26.1
31.6
24.4
24.2
38.6
21.6
24.6
19.7
24.7
26.0
21.6
21.6
20.7
17.2
19.9
19.5
17.5
18.5
18.0
26.7
18.6
17.3
17.2
18.5
16.0
16.9
14.4
15.8
16.0
19.7
14.4
13.6
13.7
14.1
21.4
12.4
12.0
12.6
11.5
9.9
14.4
13.7
11.8
9.8
8.5
11.4
9.3
9.0
9.5
9.6
7.9
7.3
9.5
6.8
5.5
6.3
5.6
5.4
4.9
5.0
4.2
4.7
4.7
4.6
4.2
4.6
3.7
3.7
3.9
3.7
3.1
2.6
2.5
2.5
2.4
2.3
2.2
2.0
2.1
1.9
1.6
1.6
1.2
1.2
1.3
1.2
1.3
0.9
0.9
0.6
Share of
youth
population**
20.7
16.8
21.3
20.1
12.5
21.2
18.4
22.5
17.9
16.7
19.5
19.2
19.9
23.0
19.7
19.9
21.8
20.2
20.5
13.8
19.6
20.8
20.4
18.8
21.3
19.5
21.9
19.9
19.3
15.1
20.5
21.1
20.7
19.8
12.8
21.5
21.8
19.7
21.2
24.5
16.9
17.5
19.8
21.2
23.1
16.7
19.7
20.1
18.9
17.1
20.0
20.4
15.0
19.2
20.7
17.9
19.9
19.6
20.6
19.5
23.0
20.4
20.1
19.7
21.2
19.3
21.0
20.9
19.4
19.8
18.7
20.4
19.8
19.6
19.8
19.6
19.8
21.9
20.0
20.2
21.8
19.2
21.6
20.6
19.5
20.4
18.5
19.5
18.2
21.2
Note: DN: Digital natives. * Refers to population aged 15 to 24. ** Share of youth population (15-24) among the total population.
Source: ITU.
143
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
0.4
As % of total population
As % of total population
Chart 4.1: Digital natives as a percentage of total population, top countries (left) and bottom countries
(right), 2012
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
Source: ITU.
per cent.
the IDI and per capita gross national income (GNI p.c.),
Ethiopia and Niger are among the ten countries with the
lowest IDI 2012 values, and Liberia ranks 146th out of 157
the IDI, and has one of the largest shares of young people
(aged 15-24) in the world. This suggests that, with the
144
Chart 4.2: Relationship between digital natives as a percentage of total population and the IDI value
16
Malaysia
14
12
Peru
10
8
Zimbabwe
6
Qatar
4
Ukraine
Kazakhstan
Armenia
R = 0.7755
0
0
IDI value
Source: ITU.
Europe.
the list with low levels. Indeed, upon closer analysis, the
Internet uptake.
145
12
12
10
10
As % of total population
As % of total population
Chart 4.3: Digital natives as a percentage of total population, by region and level of development (left)
and by income (right), 2012
8
6
4
2
0
8
6
4
2
0
High-income Upper-middle Lower-middle Low-income
-income
-income
Source: ITU.
Youth bulge
Chart 4.4: Population distribution by age group and gender, Egypt, 2010
Male
Female
100+
90-94
80-84
70-74
60-64
50-54
40-44
30-34
20-24
10-14
0-4
5'000
4'000
3'000
2'000
1'000
146
0
0
Population (thousands)
1'000
2'000
3'000
4'000
5'000
Chart 4.5: Percentage of population in the age group 15-24, by region and level of development (left),
and income group (right), 2012
25
20
15
10
5
0
25
20
15
10
5
0
Low-income Lower-middle Upper-middle High-income
-income
-income
Source: ITU.
15-24 year olds, below 11 per cent. In Cape Verde, Lao PDR,
that are estimated as having been Internet users for five years
99.6 per cent in the Republic of Korea to a low 0.6 per cent
147
1.0 - 10.0
11.0 - 15.0
16.0 - 20.0
21.0 - 25.0
Source: UNPD.
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Chart 4.6: Digital natives as a percentage of youth (15-24), by region and level of development (left),
and by income group (right), 2012
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
High-income Upper-middle Lower-middle Low-income
-income
-income
Source: ITU.
been online for at least five years. The figure varies significantly
in the Africa region and 79.1 per cent in Europe (Chart 4.6 left).
world to 81.9 per cent in the developed world (Chart 4.6, left).
been using the Internet for at least five years compared with
148
Chart 4.7: Percentage of digital natives among youth Internet users, 2012
Youth Internet users
Digital natives (five years or more using the Internet)
Non digital natives (less than five years using the Internet)
14%
53%
47%
44%
56%
86%
Source: ITU.
Age gaps: Internet use among youth compared with Internet use among the overall
population
only more recently (i.e. less than five years ago). Out of a
figure, slightly more than half (56 per cent) of young Internet
149
In every country of the world, the 15-24 year olds are more
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
3.0
Chart 4.8: Ratio of youth (15-24) Internet usage to overall Internet usage, by region and level of
development (left), and by income group (right), 2012
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
Low-income
Source: ITU.
150
Lowermiddleincome
Uppermiddleincome
High-income
Table 4.2: Internet user penetration, youth and total population, 2012
Economy
Korea (Rep.)
Germany
United Arab Emirates
Switzerland
France
Australia
Belgium
Canada
United Kingdom
United States
Austria
Bahrain
Qatar
Slovakia
Kuwait
Japan
Estonia
Ireland
New Zealand
Finland
Luxembourg
Denmark
Netherlands
Czech Republic
Sweden
Singapore
Latvia
Norway
Israel
Barbados
Hong Kong, China
Iceland
Hungary
Spain
Bahamas
Malta
Slovenia
Lithuania
Malaysia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Poland
Macao, China
Portugal
TFYR Macedonia
Croatia
Chile
Lebanon
Cyprus
Brunei Darussalam
Oman
Trinidad & Tobago
Italy
Montenegro
Greece
Argentina
Bulgaria
Uruguay
Morocco
Albania
Azerbaijan
Saudi Arabia
Kazakhstan
Russian Federation
Romania
Brazil
Colombia
Saint Lucia
Serbia
St. Vincent and the Grenadines
Costa Rica
Belarus
Jamaica
Georgia
Panama
Turkey
Dominican Rep.
Egypt
Venezuela
Moldova
China
Grenada
Tunisia
Mauritius
Jordan
South Africa
Viet Nam
Armenia
Maldives
Mexico
Peru
Youth
Internet user
penetration*
99.6
99.6
99.6
99.6
99.6
99.6
99.6
99.5
99.5
99.5
99.5
99.4
99.4
99.4
99.3
99.3
99.2
99.2
99.2
99.0
98.8
98.5
98.5
98.4
98.3
98.2
98.2
98.0
98.0
98.0
97.8
97.7
97.5
97.5
97.4
96.8
96.8
95.9
94.9
94.6
94.5
94.1
93.9
93.4
93.3
92.4
92.2
92.1
91.6
91.4
91.1
90.0
89.1
88.5
88.3
87.8
87.8
87.7
87.4
87.0
86.8
86.3
86.2
83.2
83.1
82.2
81.9
81.4
80.8
80.8
80.1
79.7
78.6
78.3
78.2
78.1
77.1
77.0
76.3
75.0
74.8
74.0
74.0
73.5
73.5
71.6
71.2
70.9
70.3
70.0
Total
Internet user
penetration
84.1
84.0
85.0
85.2
83.0
82.3
82.0
86.8
87.0
81.0
81.0
88.0
88.1
80.0
79.2
79.1
79.0
79.0
89.5
91.0
92.0
93.0
93.0
75.0
94.0
74.2
74.0
95.0
73.4
73.3
72.8
96.0
72.0
72.0
71.7
70.0
70.0
68.0
65.8
65.4
65.0
64.3
64.0
63.1
63.0
61.4
61.2
61.0
60.3
60.0
59.5
58.0
56.8
56.0
55.8
55.1
55.1
55.0
54.7
54.2
54.0
53.3
53.3
50.0
49.8
49.0
48.6
48.1
47.5
47.5
46.9
46.5
45.5
45.2
45.1
45.0
44.1
44.0
43.4
42.3
42.1
41.4
41.4
41.0
41.0
39.5
39.2
38.9
38.4
38.2
Age gap**
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.1
1.1
1.2
1.2
1.1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.3
1.0
1.3
1.3
1.0
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.0
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
Economy
Uzbekistan
Philippines
Ecuador
Tonga
Cape Verde
Suriname
Guyana
Bolivia
Fiji
Ukraine
Nigeria
Kenya
Paraguay
Thailand
Iran (I.R.)
Micronesia
Cuba
El Salvador
Bhutan
Belize
Syria
Kyrgyzstan
S. Tom & Principe
Sudan
Swaziland
Libya
Senegal
Sri Lanka
Honduras
Yemen
Ghana
Zimbabwe
Angola
Mongolia
Guatemala
Indonesia
Algeria
Uganda
Tajikistan
Equatorial Guinea
Nicaragua
Zambia
Tanzania
Namibia
Samoa
India
Gambia
Botswana
Nepal
Haiti
Lao P.D.R.
Vanuatu
Pakistan
Gabon
Djibouti
Rwanda
Turkmenistan
Iraq
Solomon Islands
Bangladesh
Congo
Comoros
Cameroon
Afghanistan
Mauritania
Cambodia
Mozambique
Lesotho
Malawi
Togo
Benin
Liberia
Burkina Faso
Central African Rep.
Guinea-Bissau
Cte d'Ivoire
Papua New Guinea
Mali
Chad
Madagascar
Congo (Dem. Rep.)
Guinea
Ethiopia
Niger
Somalia
Sierra Leone
Burundi
Myanmar
Timor-Leste
Eritrea
Youth
Internet user
penetration*
67.8
67.4
65.9
65.5
65.4
65.3
64.8
64.6
64.0
63.9
62.7
61.6
53.9
53.0
52.2
52.1
51.6
51.4
51.3
50.5
49.4
45.0
44.7
43.7
43.3
41.7
40.5
38.8
38.5
37.2
36.6
36.5
36.3
35.2
34.5
33.3
33.0
32.0
31.6
30.5
29.6
29.6
28.8
28.5
28.5
27.8
27.5
25.6
24.9
24.3
24.1
23.8
22.4
19.6
18.9
18.4
16.6
16.4
16.2
14.6
14.2
13.9
13.3
12.8
12.6
11.6
11.4
10.9
10.3
9.5
9.1
9.1
8.9
7.3
7.0
5.9
5.7
5.4
5.2
5.1
4.3
3.8
3.8
3.6
3.6
3.4
3.2
2.8
2.5
2.2
Total
Internet user
penetration
36.5
36.2
35.1
34.9
34.7
34.7
34.3
34.2
33.7
33.7
32.9
32.1
27.1
26.5
26.0
26.0
25.6
25.5
25.4
25.0
24.3
21.7
21.6
21.0
20.8
19.9
19.2
18.3
18.1
17.4
17.1
17.1
16.9
16.4
16.0
15.4
15.2
14.7
14.5
13.9
13.5
13.5
13.1
12.9
12.9
12.6
12.4
11.5
11.1
10.9
10.7
10.6
10.0
8.6
8.3
8.0
7.2
7.1
7.0
6.3
6.1
6.0
5.7
5.5
5.4
4.9
4.8
4.6
4.4
4.0
3.8
3.8
3.7
3.0
2.9
2.4
2.3
2.2
2.1
2.1
1.7
1.5
1.5
1.4
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.1
0.9
0.8
Age gap**
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.6
2.6
2.6
2.6
2.6
2.6
2.7
2.7
2.8
Note:
GNIto
per
capita is based
onto
the
World
Banks
Atlas Method.
Note: *The
* Refers
population
aged 15
24.
** Ratio
of youth
(15-24) Internet users to overall Internet users.
Source:
Source: ITU.
ITU.
151
Figure 4.4: Ratio of youth (15-24) Internet users to overall Internet users, 2012
1.0 - 1.5
1.6 - 2.0
2.1 - 2.5
2.6 - 3.0
the ratio is also high, between 2.2. and 2.3. The map of the
152
wider population.
bulges and low age gap ratios (meaning that young people
Chart 4.9: Relationship between the ratio of youth (15-24) Internet users to overall Internet users
(y-axis) and percentage of total population aged 15-24 (x-axis), by income group, 2012
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
High-income
Upper-middle-income
Lower-middle-income
0.5
Low-income
0.0
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
Note: Linear fit. Shaded regions depict 95 per cent confidence levels of fit.
Source: ITU and UNPD.
of these groups, the lower the income levels the higher the
greater the youth bulge for these income groups, the more
153
160
120
140
100
Gross tertiary enrolment ratio
Chart 4.10: Relationship between digital natives as a percentage of total population and school
enrolment, by education level, 2012
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
-20
60
40
20
0
-20
-40
-40
-5
0
5
10
15
Digital natives as a % of total population
Note: Linear fit. Shaded regions depict 95 per cent confidence levels of fit.
Source: ITU and UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS).
154
80
-5
0
5
10
15
Digital natives as a % of total population
140
120
to be achieved.
100
80
60
40
20
-5
0
5
10
15
Digital natives as a % of total population
Chart 4.12: Relationship between digital natives as a percentage of total population and ratio of
females to males in school enrolment, by education level, 2012
1.5
2.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
-5
0
5
10
15
Digital natives as a % of total population
-5
0
5
10
15
Digital natives as a % of total population
Note: Linear fit. Shaded regions depict 95 per cent confidence levels of fit.
Source: ITU and UIS.
155
4.5 Conclusions
the Americas to 1.9 per cent in Africa. Some 4.2 per cent of
the population in the 15-24 age range varies from 20.1 per
natives.
2007 to 30.7 per cent in 2012. This report has shown that 53
youth population.
156
the Internet.
the IDI results) and the percentage of its population that are
this is all the more reason to focus on them, learn from them
157
Endnotes
The 15-M Movement (Movimiento 15-M), which started on 15 May 2011, is part of a series of demonstrations in Spain whose origin can be traced to
social networks and civilian digital platforms. The movement demands a radical change in Spanish politics, as protesters do not consider themselves
to be represented by any traditional party nor favoured by the measures approved by politicians. Yo Soy 132 is a Mexican protest movement, also
closely linked to social networks, centred around the democratization of the country and its media. For more information, see
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011%E2%80%9312_Spanish_protests and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yo_Soy_132.
References to income levels are based on the World Bank classification, see
http://data.worldbank.org/about/country-classifications/country-and-lending-groups.
Telefnica, in partnership with the Financial Times, commissioned 12 171 online quantitative interviews among young people aged 18-30, across
27 countries in six regions, including North America, Latin America, Western Europe, Central and Eastern Europe, Asia and the Middle East, and
Africa. The survey was carried out between 11 January and 4 February 2013, and included millennials from Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, Chile,
China, Colombia, Czech Republic, Egypt, France, Germany, India, Israel, Italy, Japan, Saudi Arabia, Republic of Korea, Mexico, Peru, Poland, Russian
Federation, South Africa, Spain, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States and Venezuela. Country sample sizes represented in the global number were
weighted by the percentage of the population in each country with access to the Internet. See more at:
http://survey.telefonica.com/survey-findings/#sthash.WAVOxBcm.dpuf.
See http://survey.telefonica.com/connected-yet-divided-telefonica-survey-of-the-millennial-generation-reveals-digital-natives-are-optimisticabout-their-individual-futures-despite-splits-across-political-economic-and-technology-ou/.
However, Livingstone and Helspers (2007) research suggests that some young people choose not to be submerged, as shown by findings that low
and non-users have wholly different priorities and cannot even contemplate how the Internet could become embedded in their daily routines.
See, for example: Bekebrede et al. (2011); Bennett, Maton and Kervin (2008); Bullen and Morgan (2011); Guo, Dobson and Petrina (2008); Jones and
Cross (2009); Kennedy et al. (2007, 2008, 2009); Pedr (2009); Reeves and Oh (2008); Selwyn (2009); Smith (2009); van den Beemt et al. (2010).
See, for example: Brown and Czerniewicz (2010); DiMaggio and Hargittai (2001); Facer and Furlong (2001); Hargittai and Hinnant (2008); Kennedy et
al. (2008); Livingstone and Helsper (2007); Oliver and Goerke (2007); Selwyn (2009); and Thinyane (2010).
The function is a quadratic function based on Internet user penetration data available for the 15-24 age group for 70 countries for at least one year
during the period 2009 to 2011. Internet user data collected from official sources (representative household surveys) are scarce in many developing
countries (out of the 70 countries, 28 are developing), as are, a fortiori, data broken down by age. Therefore, data from various years had to be used.
When developing the function, patterns were identified according to level of Internet usage in countries but not according to specific years, so
various years could be combined. The R-squared of this quadratic function is 0.958.
ITU collects ICT use statistics by age groups using the following breakdowns: <15, 15-24, 25-74, >74.
10
A selected number of countries collect data for the age group 10-14, and these data confirmed the assumption that Internet user penetration
rates for the two age groups (10-14 and 15-24) are similar. For most of these - developed and developing - countries, Internet user penetration
in both groups was almost the same (with a ratio of 1:1). However, for some developing countries, Internet user penetration in the age group
15-24 was slightly higher (with a ratio of 1.2:1). Since the penetration levels in many developing countries were still very low in 2007, the impact
on the calculation of the global figures for the number of digital natives should be relatively small, although the country figure could be slightly
overestimated.
11
Of the 180 countries included in the analysis, 2007 survey data on youth Internet user penetration was available for 42 countries; the figures for
the remaining 138 countries were estimated using the function presented in Box 4.3. Some countries were excluded because there are either no
population statistics broken down by age or no overall Internet use figures available. The sum of their population represents less than 1 per cent of
the world population.
12
See http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2012/05/113_111504.html.
13
Neither Sierra Leone nor Timor-Leste are included in the IDI 2012.
14
See http://www.itu.int/net/pressoffice/press_releases/2013/CM04.aspx#.UcrdTfn0Geg.
15
Correlation coefficients between digital natives as a percentage of the total population in 2012 and the IDI 2012 indicators are as follows: 0.76 with
fixed-telephone subscriptions per 100 inhabitants; 0.62 with mobile-cellular subscriptions per 100 inhabitants; 0.87 with percentage of households
with a computer; 0.86 with percentage of households with Internet; 0.9 with percentage of individuals using the Internet; 0.8 with fixed (wired)broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants; and 0.58 with wireless-broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants. For all indicators, n=154 and p
values are below 0.0001.
16
Gross school enrolment is measured as the ratio of the number of pupils or students enrolled in a given level of education, regardless of age, and
the official school-age population corresponding to the same level of education.
17
Correlation coefficients between digital natives as a percentage of the total population and gross enrolment ratios are: 0.76 with secondary
enrollment, and 0.74 with tertiary enrolment (r(153) =0.76, p<0.0001) and (r(153)=0.74, p<0.0001 respectively).
18
The correlation coefficient between digital natives as a percentage of the total population and gross primary enrolment ratio is 0.27 (r(139)=0.27,
p=0.0009).
19
The correlation coefficients between digital natives as a percentage of the total population and the ratio of females to males in secondary and
tertiary school are both significant at 0.40 (r(122)=0.40, p<0.0001 and r(113)=0.40, p<0.0001 respectively).
20
158
TV set.5
digital technologies.
159
are many advantages that justify the effort. Digital signals are
more robust than analogue ones, thus improving sound and
image quality. Moreover, they use spectrum more efficiently than
analogue transmissions, thus allowing more TV programmes
to be accommodated within the same amount of spectrum
thanks to digital video compression. Governments can then
decide to allocate the freed spectrum (the digital dividend) for
additional TV channels or for other telecommunication services,
such as wireless broadband (Table 5.1). The digital dividend is of
160
by EGH.12
ITU has been collecting data on TV indicators since the 1960s. The
Analogue
Digital
Analogue
terrestrial
broadcasting
wireless
Analogue
cable TV
(CATV)
Digital terrestrial
TV broadcasting
(DTT)
wired
satellite
Digital cable
TV (CATV)
free to air
Internet Protocol
TV (IPTV)
paid
Direct-to-home
satellite (DTH)
Source: ITU.
161
100
As % of total households
95
98
98
98
85
Developed
World
Developing
80
79
90
77
78
78
98
70
69
70
70
71
2008
2009
2010
2011
72
2012
60
162
75
65
As % of total households
80
70
Africa
60
50
Arab States
CIS
40
The Americas
30
Europe
20
10
0
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Source: Estimates based on Digital TV Research and ITU data. Data cover 140 countries, accounting for 98 per cent of all households in the
world.
were the Americas, the Arab states, CIS and Europe, all of
them with more than 90 per cent of households with a TV.
The top seven countries accounted for 56 per cent of the
worlds households with a TV by end 2012 (Chart 5.3). The
countries with most households with a TV also are those
with the largest numbers of households, which confirms
Indonesia
3%
Rest of the world
44%
Japan
3%
Russia
4%
Brazil
4%
United
States
9%
India
8%
163
Country
Date of assignment
United States22
March 2008
Germany
May 2010
Sweden
March 2011
Spain
July 2011
Italy
September 2011
France
December 2011
Portugal
December 2011
Switzerland
February 2012
Denmark
June 2012
Japan
June 2012
Romania
September 2012
Croatia
October 2012
Ireland
December 2012
164
As % of households with a TV
90
Developed
80
World
61
50
55
53
49
40
43
30
20
36
30
42
35
29
22
10
68
60
Developing
70
17
0
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
165
a total of 107 countries from Europe, Africa, Central Asia and the
32
A key factor for the success of the conference was the outstanding
ITU Member States in the Americas and the Asia and the Pacific
planning area.
34
television in the Americas and the Asia and the Pacific regions,
although some countries have adopted bilateral or multilateral
agreements (with a small number of countries) on the subject.
were no longer suitable for the digital age, and a new frequency
Source: ITU.
166
As % of households with a TV
80
70
Africa
60
CIS
50
40
Arab States
30
Europe
20
10
0
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Source: Estimates based on Digital TV Research and ITU data. Data cover 140 countries, accounting for 98 per cent of all households in the
world.
the Americas, the Arab States and Europe, more than half
36
167
Chart 5.6: Top seven countries by number of households with digital TV, 2008 and 2012
Share in global households with digital TV
2008
2012
Brazil
India
4%
1%
Germany
5%
Brazil
4%
United
Kingdom
6%
Japan
7%
United
Kingdom
3%
China
11%
United
States
22%
Germany
4%
Japan
5%
India
7%
United
States
15%
China
20%
Source: Estimates based on Digital TV Research and ITU data. Data cover 140 countries, accounting for 98 per cent of all households in the
world.
168
As % of households with a TV
1
15
22
33
34
51
39
2008
IPTV
2009
DTH satellite
2010
Cable
2011
2012
Terrestrial broadcasting
Note: DTH satellite refers to the sum of FTA and pay DTH
satellite; cable includes analogue and digital CATV;
terrestrial broadcasting refers to the sum of analogue
and digital terrestrial TV broadcasting. Mobile TV is not
included owing to lack of data. It would anyhow represent
only a marginal share of the total.
Source: Estimates based on Digital TV Research and ITU data.
Data cover 140 countries, accounting for 98 per cent of all
households in the world.
100
FTA DTH
satellite
90
As % of total households
80
Terrestrial TV broadcasting
Terrestrial TV broadcasting maintains a significant position in
the TV universe. About 546 million households still watched
Pay DTH
satellite
Analogue
cable
Digital
cable
30
DTT
20
Analogue
terrestrial
broadcasting
70
60
50
40
10
0
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
by end 2012, although this figure was down from 657 million
at end 2008. From the 2012 total, 409 million (75 per cent)
were in the developing countries. The figure would be even
169
As % of households with a TV
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Asia & Pacific
Africa
CIS
Arab States
Europe
The Americas
Analogue terrestrial TV
Analogue terrestrial TV has traditionally been the main means
of broadcasting TV signals in most countries. Despite the
170
As % of households with a TV
70
60
50
40
30
Africa
Asia & Pacific
Arab States
20
10
CIS
The Americas
Europe
0
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
120
Number of countries
100
Analogue terrestrial
TV broadcasting is
significant**
80
60
40
Analogue terrestrial
TV broadcasting
dominates***
20
0
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Note:
* Countries where <10% of households with a TV have only analogue terrestrial TV. ** Countries where 11-50% of households with a
TV have only analogue terrestrial TV. *** Countries where >50% of households with a TV have only analogue terrestrial TV.
Source: Estimates based on Digital TV Research and ITU data. Data cover 140 countries, accounting for 98 per cent of all households in the
world.
one, even though this may also imply that further efforts
coverage.
Digital terrestrial TV
171
As % of households with a TV
30
25
Europe
Africa
Asia & Pacific
Cable TV
Cable TV remains strongest in developed countries where
it was first included as part of the household rent, such as
The Americas
CIS
Arab States
20
10
0
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
followed by Italy (73 per cent) and Australia (62 per cent).
172
gave their competitors (especially DTH satellite players) firstmover advantage. Nevertheless, most cable networks now
offer digital services, although many still provide analogue
packages as well.
45
As % of households with a TV
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
The Americas
CIS
Africa
with a TV).
The number of subscriptions to digital cable TV in the
developing countries overtook the developed countries
0
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
per cent), Canada (59 per cent), Luxembourg (68 per cent),
Netherlands (65 per cent) and Switzerland (65 per cent).
were Asia and the Pacific and Europe, which doubled the
percentage of households with a TV subscribing to digital
cable between 2008 and 2012 (Chart 5.14). The Americas
Digital cable TV
in total households with a TV. The CIS region also saw some
Chart 5.14: Households with digital CATV (left) and analogue CATV (right), by region, 2008-2012
The Americas
Europe
Arab States
25
20
15
10
5
0
35
As % of households with a TV
As % of households with a TV
30
30
25
20
15
10
CIS
Europe
Africa
0
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Source: Estimates based on Digital TV Research and ITU data. Data cover 140 countries, accounting for 98 per cent of all households in the
world.
173
cable TV were Asia and the Pacific, Europe and the Americas.
end 2012.
cent), Luxembourg (51 per cent) and Malta (53 per cent).
penetration in 2012.
Analogue cable TV
Given cables historic image as a low-cost, no-frills service,
cable operators have encountered some reluctance on the
part of subscribers to upgrade to digital platforms.
To accelerate the digitization process, some governments
are forcing cable operators to switch off their analogue
networks. China and India42 are notable examples of this.
In China, cable networks are consolidating on a national
level: the regulator, the State Administration of Radio, Film
and Television (SARFT), is creating the China Radio and TV
Satellite TV
However, unlike many cable operators and telecommunication operators, very few DTH satellite operators offer
October 2012 for the big four cities (Phase I: The metros)
174
70
As % of households with a TV
60
Arab States
Africa
CIS
50
40
30
20
10
0
2008
Europe
The Americas
Asia & Pacific
2009
2010
2011
2012
cent in Africa, the Americas and CIS. Asia and the Pacific is
section 5.6 for more details on pay DTT). In the case of DTH
absolute numbers, with 42 million homes receiving satelliteTV signals (or 36 per cent of all households with a TV). The
Pay satellite TV
was higher in almost all Arab States, where more than 500
45
and 2012. This was particularly the case in Africa and the CIS
175
As % of households with a TV
25
Free-to-air satellite TV
20
15
10
0
2008
2009
2010
2011
The Americas
Africa
Asia & Pacific
CIS
2012
Europe
Arab States
70
As % of households with a TV
60
50
Arab States
CIS
Asia & Pacific
40
30
Europe
Africa
The Americas
20
10
0
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
176
IPTV
IPTV uses broadband networks to carry TV signals, but
maintaining a guaranteed quality of service. This requires
reliable and high-capacity broadband connections. IPTV
is generally aimed at viewing over a television set, making
the quality of experience comparable with that of other TV
As % of households with a TV
Europe
The Americas
CIS
Asia & Pacific
Arab States
Africa
10
8
6
4
2
0
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2012, up from less than 0.3 per cent at end 2008. One reason
177
per cent), Singapore (35 per cent), Slovenia (32 per cent)
and the United Arab Emirates (30 per cent). The United
Mobile TV
Advanced, increases.
178
Africa
35
As % of total households
30
Other
25
FTA DTH
satellite
20
15
10
2009
2010
2011
Pay DTH
satellite
0
2008
DTT
Analogue
terrestrial
broadcasting
2012
179
Table 5.2: Prices of DTT set-top boxes (STB) in selected African countries, July 2013
Tanzania
Price STB
Price STB as a % of annual GNI p.c.
Kenya
Rwanda
USD 55 - 80
USD 30 - 40
USD 25 - 30
USD 50 - 100
6% - 9%
5% - 7%
4% - 5%
9% - 18%
Note: * StarTimes was granted a transitory 100 per cent tax exemption for terrestrial set-top boxes in Tanzania until 31.12.2012.
Source: Communications Commission of Kenya (CCK), Rwanda Utilities Regulatory Agency (RURA) and Tanzania Communications Regulatory
Authority (TCRA).
Arab States
households in the Gulf States own more than one dish, each
receiving signals from different satellites. Analogue terrestrial
households in the Arab States had only DTT by end 2012. This
58
59
payment.
for the rest of Kenya and nine other East African countries.
180
60
100
Other
80
DTT
70
Pay DTH
satellite
60
50
Analogue
terrestrial
broadcasting
40
30
20
FTA DTH
satellite
10
As % of total households
As % of total households
90
80
IPTV
70
DTT
Pay DTH
satellite
FTA DTH
satellite
Digital
cable
60
50
40
30
Analog
cable
Analogue
terrestrial
broadcasting
20
10
0
0
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
181
63
IPTV
90
DTT
80
Pay DTH
satellite
FTA DTH
satellite
Digital
cable
Analogue
cable
Analogue
terrestrial
broadcasting
As % of total households
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
cities.
DTH satellite and IPTV, have also benefited from the decline
Europe
182
100
Pay DTH
satellite
90
As % of total households
80
FTA DTH
satellite
Digital
cable
Analogue
cable
70
60
50
40
30
DTT
20
Analogue
terrestrial
broadcasting
10
0
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
The Americas
183
other big pay-TV player is Sky, a DTH satellite service provider that
gearing up for the 2014 FIFA World Cup and the Rio 2016 summer
184
100
90
As % of total households
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
IPTV
Pay DTH
satellite
FTA DTH
satellite
Digital
cable
Analogue
cable
DTT
Analogue
terrestrial
broadcasting
10
0
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
185
As % of total households
56
58
60
61
62
33
35
37
30
20
24
26
29
40
32
42
34
Developed
World
Developing
10
0
2008
2009
50
40
70
60
2010
2011
2012
Africa and the Arab States were by far the regions with the
Source: Estimates based on Digital TV Research and ITU data.
Data cover 140 countries, accounting for 98 per cent of all
households in the world.
186
As % of total households
80
Arab States
70
Africa
60
CIS
50
40
Europe
30
The Americas
20
10
0
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Source: Estimates based on Digital TV Research and ITU data. Data cover 140 countries, accounting for 98 per cent of all households in the
world.
Country
Netherlands
100
Norway
97
Belgium
94
94
Korea (Rep.)
92
Denmark
92
Malta
86
Sweden
85
United States
85
Canada
84
Latvia
84
Switzerland
84
Luxembourg
83
Romania
82
Singapore
78
187
2008
Total: 550 million
Analogue cable
55%
Pay DTT
1%
Pay DTT
1%
IPTV
3%
Analogue cable
30%
Digital cable
34%
IPTV
10%
Pay DTH
20%
Digital cable
21%
Pay DTH
25%
Source: Estimates based on Digital TV Research and ITU data. Data cover 140 countries, accounting for 98 per cent of all households in the
world.
188
DVB-T/DVB-T2
ATSC
ISDB-T
DMB-T
Undecided
As % of total households
32
26
20
29
25
Developed
World
Developing
30
22
15
12
15
10
5
5
1
2008
2009
2010
10
0
2011
2012
84
189
As % of total households
45
40
35
30
25
Europe
The Americas
CIS
20
15
10
0
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
190
90
92
in Europe.
customers.
Africa
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
191
94
192
therefore OTT access) for some time, and boast a large and
Tablets
Computers
Games
consoles
TV
operators
Others
Total
4Q10
16
306
26
71
419
1Q11
19
335
30
73
457
2Q11
24
307
27
73
12
446
3Q11
26
13
298
27
76
20
460
4Q11
35
23
352
26
85
27
550
1Q12
49
35
343
28
84
25
573
2Q12
45
39
311
30
75
39
539
3Q12
63
49
320
30
70
37
570
4Q12
92
70
315
32
83
47
639
Source: BBC.
193
4Q11
1Q12
2Q12
3Q12
4Q12
21.5
21.7
23.4
23.9
25.1
27.2
20.5
20.2
22.0
22.7
23.8
25.5
1.5
1.9
3.1
3.6
4.3
6.1
1.0
1.5
2.4
3.0
3.7
4.9
13.9
11.2
10.1
9.2
8.6
8.2
13.8
11.0
10.0
9.2
8.5
8.1
Source: Netflix.
Dreamworks.
guide the analogue terrestrial switch-off, set the rules for the
TV Research.
194
Another important trend in TV markets is increasing crossplatform competition. Traditional multichannel TV platforms,
such as cable and DTH satellite, face increasing competition
from IPTV service providers and even DTT channels.
Moreover, TV delivery over the Internet is becoming more
and more popular. The convergence of different platforms in
the TV market may require a revision of the overall regulation
of the sector, but it also constitutes an opportunity to
improve consumer choice, make TV services more affordable
and extend multichannel TV uptake.
Governments can take a number of steps to meet the
challenges of the digital TV switchover and ensure that
users benefit from better-quality, varied and affordable TV
services:
195
Endnotes
In a recent survey on Arab media use commissioned by Northwestern University in Qatar, it was found that TV is perceived as the most important
source of news and information in most countries included in the study (Qatar, Bahrain, Egypt, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Lebanon, Tunisia and the
United Arab Emirates). Only in Bahrain and Qatar was the Internet considered a more reliable source. This testifies to the importance of TV as a mass
communication medium, even in a region where the Arab Spring has highlighted the relevance of other information sources, such as social media.
For more details on the study, see http://menamediasurvey.northwestern.edu/.
TV is by far the most popular medium with Europeans, and the main source of information for political and European matters. TV is the second most
trusted medium after radio (European Commission, 2012a).
Multichannel TV refers to services that provide additional TV programming beyond free-to-air analogue terrestrial channels.
Non-linear TV services are those in which order and time are determined by the viewer, as opposed to linear broadcasting where programmes are
transmitted in a time sequence determined by the broadcaster.
See, for instance, Dyle (2012) and the January 2013 Business Insider survey, available at
http://www.businessinsider.com/these-10-mobile-video-data-points-will-blow-your-mind-2013-5.
Cable television (CATV) service Multichannel programming delivered over a coaxial cable for viewing on television sets (ITU, 2011b).
Direct-to-home (DTH) satellite services Received via a satellite dish capable of receiving satellite television broadcasts (ITU, 2011b).
Internet Protocol TV (IPTV) Multimedia services such as television/video/audio/text/graphics/data delivered over an IP-based network managed to
support the required level of quality of service, quality of experience, security, interactivity and reliability. This does not include video accessed over
the public Internet, for example, by streaming. IPTV services are also generally aimed at viewing on a television set rather than a personal computer
(ITU, 2011b).
For examples of applications that add functionalities to TVs connected to the Internet, see Samsungs website:
http://www.samsung.com/us/article/apps-built-for-your-tv/ or Smart TVs website: http://www.yourappontv.com/about-smart-tv/featured-apps.
For example, people using a TV receiver must pay the TV licence fee in the United Kingdom (http://www.tvlicensing.co.uk/). Likewise, people that
receive radio or television services are required to pay licence fees in Switzerland (http://www.srgssr.ch/en/licence-fees/radio-and-tv-licence-fees/).
10
For more information on the ITU expert groups on ICT indicators, see http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Pages/definitions/default.aspx.
11
For more details on the ongoing EGH discussions, visit the EGH online forum: http://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/forums/EGH.
12
For more details on the ongoing EGTI discussions, visit the EGTI online forum: http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/ict/ExpertGroup.
13
14
At the 10th WTIM in Bangkok, it was agreed that the name of the meeting should be changed to World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators
Symposium (WTIS), from next year onwards.
15
The presentations made in the 10th WTIM are available at http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Pages/events/wtim2012/agenda.aspx.The final
report can be found at http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Documents/events/wtim2012/wtim2012_037_E_doc.pdf.
16
For instance, the number of registered channels in India increased from 524 in 2010 to 831 in 2012 (TRAI, 2012). Another example is the increase in
FTA satellite channels in the Arab States, where DTH satellite is the prevalent digital TV technology, see
http://www.arabadvisors.com/Pressers/presser-150512.htm-0.
17
The estimates on households with a TV presented in this chapter cover 140 countries, accounting for 98 per cent of all households in the world.
Estimates are based on Digital TV Research and ITU data.
18
For an example of an international initiative to improve electrification in Africa, see the World Banks Africa electrification Initiative
(http://go.worldbank.org/WCEDP90SZ0). For a national example, see the projects undertaken by the Rural Electrification Agency of Senegal
(http://www.aser.sn/).
19
Digital terrestrial television (DTT) The technological evolution from analogue terrestrial television, providing capability for significantly more
channels (ITU, 2011b). There are four main DTT standards: the European DVB, the United States ATSC, the Japanese ISDB and the Chinese DMB.
20
[T]he digital dividend is the amount of spectrum made available by the transition of terrestrial television broadcasting from analogue to digital
(ITU, 2012d).
21
For more information on the assignment of the 700 MHz band in the United States, see the FCCs public notice available at
http://hraunfoss.fcc.gov/edocs_public/attachmatch/DA-08-595A1.pdf.
22
See http://www.gsma.com/spectrum/wp-content/uploads/DigitalDividend/DDtoolkit/auctions-summary.html.
23
For example, in the United States Verizon and AT&T were the principal winners of the digital dividend spectrum auctioned in March 2008. Verizon
launched LTE services in December 2010 (http://news.verizonwireless.com/LTE/Overview.html), and AT&T started to provide LTE services in several
US markets during 2011
(http://www.att.com/gen/press-room?pid=22196&cdvn=news&newsarticleid=33623&mapcode=wireless-networks-general|consumer).
24
For instance, spectrum has been allocated for four national DVB-H networks in Italy. For more information, see pp. 245-247 in AGCOMs 2012 Annual
Report, available at http://www.agcom.it/Default.aspx?message=viewrelazioneannuale&idRelazione=29. For more information on the DVB-H
standard, see http://www.dvb-h.org.
25
196
See, for instance, the status of DTT coverage by region in Brazil by May 2012, at: http://www.anatel.gov.br/Portal/verificaDocumentos/
documento.asp?numeroPublicacao=276894&assuntoPublicacao=Emissoras%20em%20opera%E7%E3o&caminhoRel=In%EDcio-Radiodifus%E3oApresenta%E7%E3o&filtro=1&documentoPath=276894.pdf. Another example is Spain, where the analogue switch-off was organized progressively
in three phases (Red.es, 2010).
26
Examples of education campaigns on the transition to DTT include the FCCs dedicated web portal (http://www.dtv.gov) or the Argentine
Administrations website to provide information on FTA digital TV (http://www.tda.gov.ar).
27
For more information on the Digital Television Transition in the United States and Public Safety Act of 2005, see
http://www.ntia.doc.gov/legacy/otiahome/dtv/index.htm.
28
For more information on the the Digital Migration Policy for Television Broadcasting in Uganda, see
http://www.ucc.co.ug/files/downloads/Digital_Migration_policy.pdf.
29
For instance, policies mandating digital tuners in new TV sets were enforced in France, Italy, Spain and the United States in advance of the dates sets
for the analogue switch-off (see p. 11 in DigiTAG, 2013).
30
31
The planning area covers 120 countries; however, 13 countries were not able to attend RRC-06.
32
The compatibility calculations and analysis required a substantial amount of computer capacity and time, in the order of 90 PC-days for each
iteration of the Plan. Four iterations were conducted during the conference. Two independent distributed computing systems were implemented
to provide additional flexibility and reliability: ITUs distributed computer system, consisting of 100 high-speed (3.6 GHz) hyper-thread PCs, capable
of running 200 parallel jobs, and CERNs computer grid structure (small part) using more than 300 PCs located at its member institutions in
Germany, Russian Federation, Italy, France and Spain.
33
Prominent landforms such as the Atlantic and Indian oceans and high mountain ridges limit radio-frequency propagation across countries and
regions. Conversely, in the absence of geographical barriers, broadcasts go beyond country borders and therefore require cross-border frequency
coordination. The ITU Radio Regulations define three regions for the purposes of international frequency planning. The GE06 Agreement covers
Region 1 and the Islamic Republic of Iran. For more information on GE06, see http://www.itu.int/ITU-R/terrestrial/broadcast/plans/ge06/.
34
The transition period is defined as the period following RRC-06 during which the assignments in the Analogue Plan shall be protected. This means
that, after the end of the transition period, analogue broadcasting stations may continue to operate as long as they do not cause unacceptable
interference to, and do not claim protection from, the digital assignments in the GE06 Plan.
35
Nearly all TV channels currently being broadcast by satellite are digital. Fewer than 50 analogue channels remain in operation, among the several
thousands of digital TV channels broadcast by satellite, see http://www.sathint.com/search?custom=analog&filter=tv.
36
37
For example, in Spain DTT coverage is complemented by a common satellite platform that integrates all state broadcasters, and provides the circa
1.5 per cent additional population coverage needed to reach universal digital TV service (Red.es, 2010).
38
39
For more information on the first cable TV transmissions in India, see http://www.indiancabletv.net/cabletvhistory.htm.
40
There were around 60 000 cable TV operators in India in 2012 (TRAI, 2012).
41
42
For more information on regulation of CATV operators in China, see Administration Order (No. 67) of the State Administration of Radio Film and
Television, available at http://www.sarft.gov.cn/articles/2011/12/12/20111212145719710703.html.
43
For more information on the Ministry of Information and Broadcastings acts and decrees, see:
http://www.mib.nic.in/linksthird.aspx.
44
For more information, see the Arab Advisors press release: http://www.arabadvisors.com/Pressers/presser-150512.htm-0.
45
46
47
For more information on bundling in Europe, see the EUs E-Communications Household Survey from June 2012:
http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_381_en.pdf.
48
On 10 June 2013, the President of Mexico signed the bill called Reforma Constitucional en Materia de Telecomunicaciones y Competencia Econmica,
which includes several measures to foster competition in the telecommunication and pay-TV sectors. For more information, see
http://www.presidencia.gob.mx/articulos-prensa/gracias-al-pacto-por-mexico-nuestro-pais-demuestra-que-si-es-capaz-de-transformarse-endemocracia-epn/.
49
By end 2011, an estimated 43 per cent of homes in the European Union subscribed to a bundle including at least two ICT services, and half of these
bundles included television channels (European Commission, 2012b).
50
51
52
53
54
197
55
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current USD). Source: World Bank, http://data.worldbank.org/.
56
57
StarTimes is engaged in the construction of digital TV transmission platforms in Burundi, Central African Republic, Kenya, Nigeria, Guinea, Rwanda,
Tanzania and Uganda. The operator is also trying to extend its business to Benin, Congo (Dem. Rep.), Mozambique and Senegal. Source:
http://en.startimes.com.cn/projectbrief/index.htm.
58
GOtv is available in eight countries: Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Namibia, Nigeria, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe. Source: www.gotvafrica.com. GOtv is
owned by the South African pay-TV operator Multichoice, which offers satellite pay-TV services in several African countries.
59
60
Some regions of Australia, such as Adelaide, Perth and surrounding areas have already switched off analogue terrestrial TV broadcasts. Others will
follow until end 2013. The switch-off plan includes complementary coverage through satellite retransmission of the digital signal in areas out of the
coverage of the terrestrial digital broadcasting network. For more information, see
http://www.acma.gov.au/Citizen/Consumer-info/Ready-for-digital-TV/Analog-switch-off.
61
62
Ibid.
63
64
For more information of DVB-C implementation in Belarus, see the websites of Cosmos TV (http://cosmostv.by), MTIS (http://www.mtis.by) and
Garant (http://garant.by, http://www.garant-tv.by).
65
66
67
Countries considered as Western Europe are Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Countries included in Eastern Europe are Albania, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Greece, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Montenegro, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia,
Slovenia, TFYR Macedonia and Turkey.
68
For the latest data on FTTH/B penetration in Europe, see the press note from FTTH Council Europe released in February 2013, available at
http://www.ftthcouncil.eu/documents/PressReleases/2013/PR2013_EU_Ranking_FINAL.pdf. For more details on the impact that fibre technologies
may have on TV delivery, see also http://www.ftthcouncil.eu/documents/Opinions/2013/Broadcast_Belgium_Final.pdf.
69
Bundling has proven very attractive across Europe: around 43 per cent of households in Europe subscribed to a bundle by end 2011. The
Netherlands, Belgium, France and Slovenia had more than 60 per cent of households subscribing to bundled services, whereas the Czech Republic,
Bulgaria and Finland were all below 25 per cent. Half of the homes taking a bundle opted to include TV services as part of their deal (European
Commission, 2012b).
70
71
72
For more information on SeAC, see p.107 in ANATEL (2013) and http://www.anatel.gov.br/Portal/exibirPortalPaginaEspecial.do?acao=&codItemCanal
=1714&codigoVisao=4&nomeVisao=Cidad%E3o&nomeCanal=TV%20por%20Assinatura&nomeItemCanal=SeAC.
73
74
For more information on the pay-TV market in Brazil, see ANATEL (2013), pp. 101-107, and the overview of telecommunication groups in Brazil
provided by the consultancy firm Teleco, available at http://www.teleco.com.br/en/en_operadoras/grupos.asp.
75
For a benchmark of average prices for basic pay-TV packages, see http://www.teleco.com.br/en/en_rtv.asp.
76
By May 2012, 47 per cent of the population and 46 per cent of localities in Brazil were covered by DTT. For the latest official figures on DTT coverage
in Brazil, see ANATELs note available at http://www.anatel.gov.br/Portal/exibirPortalRedireciona.do?codigoDocumento=277056&caminhoRel=In%E
Dcio-Radiodifus%E3o-Apresenta%E7%E3o.
77
Many Canadian local stations stopped analogue terrestrial broadcasting by end August 2011. For more details on Canadas transition to DTT, see
http://digitaltv.gc.ca/eng/1297877456613/1298648705530.
78
For instance, in 2011 Argentina approved the authorization for the operator providing the DTT transmission infrastructure in the country (Decree
835/2011), and DTT is already available in several regions (see http://www.tda.gov.ar/contenidos/mapa.html). In Uruguay, the Ministry of Industry,
Energy and Mining approved two laws mandating the cleaning and refarming of the analogue broadcasting spectrum, and setting the deadline for
analogue switch-off for some operators (see Decrees 73 and 231 from 2011).
79
For more information on the expiry of the FCCs Program access rules in the United States, see
http://transition.fcc.gov/Daily_Releases/Daily_Business/2012/db1005/FCC-12-123A1.pdf.
80
For more information on Ofcoms ruling on Sky exclusive content, see http://stakeholders.ofcom.org.uk/consultations/third_paytv/statement/.
81
Households with only free-to-air broadcasting in countries where a licence fee is levied from all households with a TV to finance the public
broadcasters are not counted as households with pay TV.
82
198
For more details on the technical specifications of the different DTT transmission standards, see Part 4 in ITU (2010).
83
The deadline set in the EUs Radio Spectrum Policy Programme to make available the 800 MHz band for electronic communication services. Specific
derogations until end 2015 have been granted to those EU countries with exceptional national or local circumstances or cross-border frequency
coordination problems (European Parliament, Council, 2012).
84
For more information on the subsidies granted for the acquisition of set-top boxes in Portugal, see pp. 76-80 of the final report of the Digital
Television Migration Monitoring Group, available at
http://www.anacom.pt/streaming/GAM-TD_25+out2012.pdf?contentId=1142587&field=ATTACHED_FILE.
85
For more details on the United Kingdoms switchover help scheme, see http://www.helpscheme.co.uk/.
86
87
88
The European Commission challenged the aid provided for the purchase of DTT decoders in Italy because it considered it contravened the EU
regulation on state aid. For more information, see DigiTAG (2013) and the note of the European Audiovisual Observatory on Italy, available at
http://mavise.obs.coe.int/country?id=18.
89
90
91
92
Regular Internet data transmissions are managed on a best effort basis, and therefore no minimum quality of service is guaranteed to the end user
by the ISP.
93
Countries covered in these estimates are: Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, China, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hong Kong (China), Hungary, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Singapore, South Africa, Republic of Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom and
the United States.
94
A content delivery network (CDN) is a system of servers in multiple centres that allows easy and rapid access to content by bringing it close to the
end-user. CDNs may be directly deployed by large Internet content providers, such as Google, or rolled out by third parties, like Akamai or Level 3,
which offer wholesale access to interested online content providers.
95
For more information on the revised Telecommunications Act in the Netherlands, see
http://www.government.nl/documents-and-publications/notes/2012/06/07/dutch-telecommunications-act.html.
96
97
For more information on the FCCs ruling in the United States, see http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2011-09-23/pdf/2011-24259.pdf.
98
Netflix is operational in such Latin American countries as Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru and Uruguay.
Netflix is available in Spanish, in Portuguese in Brazil, and in English in the Caribbean. Source: https://signup.netflix.com/MediaCenter/Press.
99
199
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207
inhabitants
user
209
ITU.5
210
are from the same region and an indicator that has a known
Statistics (UIS).
211
3. Normalization of data
212
Annex Box 1.1: Weights used for indicators and sub-indices included in the IDI
Weights (Indicators)
Weights (Sub-indices)
ICT access
Fixed-telephone subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.40
ICT use
Percentage of individuals using the Internet
0.33
0.33
0.33
0.40
ICT skills
Adult literacy rate
0.33
0.33
0.33
0.20
Source: ITU.
6. Sensitivity analysis
Sensitivity analysis was carried out to investigate the
robustness of the index results, in terms of the relative
position in the overall ranking, using different combinations
of methods and techniques to compute the index.
Potential sources of variation or uncertainty can be attributed
213
2012
Ideal value*
60
62.0
190
110.4
621,834
26,035
100
82.3
100
97.4
84.1
ICT use
f
100
60
37.6
100
106.0
ICT skills
i
100
97.1
100
103.1
100
99.0
Formula
Weight
ICT access
z1
a/60
0.20
z2
b/190
0.20
1.00
0.58
z3
log(c)/5.79
0.20
0.76
z4
d/100
0.20
0.82
z5
e/100
0.20
0.97
ICT use
z6
f/100
0.33
0.84
z7
g/60
0.33
0.63
z8
h/100
0.33
1.00
0.97
ICT skills
z9
i/100
0.33
z10
j/100
0.33
1.00
z11
k/100
0.33
0.99
Formula
Weight
y1+y2+y3+y4+y5
0.40
Sub-indices
IDI access sub-index (L)
0.83
y1
z1*.20
0.20
y2
z2*.20
0.12
y3
z3*.20
0.15
y4
z4*.20
0.16
y5
z5*.20
y6+y7+y8
0.19
0.40
0.82
y6
z6*.33
0.28
y7
z7*.33
0.21
y8
z8*.33
y9+y10+y11
0.33
0.20
0.98
y9
z9*.33
y10
z10*.33
0.33
y11
z11*.33
0.33
IDI
((L*.40)+(M*.40)+(N*.20))*10
8.57
Note:
0.32
* The ideal value for indicators a, b, c and g was computed by adding two standard deviations to the mean value of the indicator.
** To diminish the effect of the large number of outliers at the high end of the value scale, the data were first transformed to a
logarithmic (log) scale. The ideal value of 621834 bit/s per Internet user is equivalent to 5.79 if transformed to a log scale.
Source: ITU.
214
215
Endnotes
Principal component analysis was used to examine the underlying nature of the data. A more detailed description of the analysis is available in the
Annex 1 to the 2009 Measuring the Information Society. The ICT Development Index report (ITU, 2009a).
More information about the indicators is available in the ITU Handbook for the collection of administrative data on telecommunications/ICT 2011,
see ITU 2011b and the ITU Manual for Measuring ICT Access and Use by Households and Individuals, see ITU 2009b.
This definition reflects the revisions agreed upon by the ITU Expert Group on ICT Household Indicators (EGH) at its meeting in Sao Paulo, Brazil, on
4-6 June 2013, see http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Documents/events/brazil2013/Final_report_EGH.pdf ). As the data used in the calculation
of the IDI were collected before that meeting, however, the data may not necessarily reflect these revisions.
See endnote 3.
See endnote 2.
216
Prices for 2008, 2009, 2010 and 2011, which are also
217
minute call within the same exchange area (local call) using the
call and not the average price for each three-minute interval. For
Internet access.
The prices of the operator with the largest market share (measured by the number of subscriptions) are used.
2.
3.
Prices are reported and collected in national currency and then converted to USD and PPP$.
4.
Where the operator proposes different commitment periods, the 12-month plan (or the one closest to this commitment period)
is used.
5. If prices vary between different regions of the country, prices refer to those applied in the largest city (in terms of population).
If that informtion is not available, the prices applying to the capital city are used.
6. The same price plan applies across all the indicators. For example, if a given Plan A is used for the fixed-telephone service, the
elements in Plan A are also used for the monthly subscription and the local-call charges.
7.
Local calls refer to those made on the same fixed network (on-net) within the same exchange area.
8. Prices refer to a regular (non-promotional) plan and exclude, among others, promotional offers, limited discounts or options
such as special prices to certain numbers.
9.
Peak is the busiest time of the day, usually during working hours of weekdays. If there are different peak prices, the most expensive
one during the daytime is used.
10. If there are different off-peak prices, then the one that is the cheapest before midnight is used. If the only off-peak period is after
midnight (valid during the night), then this is not used. Instead, the peak rate is used.
11. If no distinction is made between peak and off-peak prices, then the same price is used for the peak and off-peak indicators.
12. With convergence, operators are increasingly providing multiple (bundled) services, such as voice telephony, Internet access and
television reception, over their networks. They often bundle these offers into a single subscription. This can present a challenge
for data collection, since it may not be possible to isolate the prices for one service. It is preferable to use prices for a specific
service; but if this is not possible, then the additional services that are included in the price are specified in a note.
218
might not have a regular income and will thus not qualify
Annex Table 2.1: OECD mobile-cellular low-user call distribution (2009 methodology)
To fixed
On-net
Off-net
Total
Call
distribution by
time of day (%)
26.0
100.0
100.0
17.0
56.0
Calls (number)
5.2
16.9
7.9
30.0
2.4
7.8
3.6
13.8
Peak
46.0
Off-peak
1.5
4.9
2.3
8.7
29.0
Weekend
1.3
4.2
2.0
7.5
25.0
2.0
1.6
1.7
10.4
27.0
13.4
50.9
N/A
4.8
12.4
6.2
23.4
46.0
Peak
Off-peak
3.0
7.8
3.9
14.8
29.0
Weekend
2.6
6.8
3.4
12.7
25.0
Calls
SMS
219
The prices of the operator with the largest market share (measured by the number of subscriptions) are used. If prices vary between
different regions of the country, prices refer to those applied in the largest city (in terms of population). If that informtion is not
available, the prices applying to the capital city are used.
2.
3.
Prices are reported and collected in national currency and then converted to USD and PPP$.
4.
Prices refer to prepaid plans. Where the operator offers different packages with a certain number of calls and/or SMS messages
included, the one that comes closest to the 30 calls and 100 SMS included is used. In countries where prepaid subscriptions
account for less than 2 per cent of the total subscription base, postpaid prices may be used. In this case, the monthly subscription
fee, plus any free minutes, will be taken into consideration for the calculation of the mobile-cellular sub-basket.
5.
If per-minute prices are only advertised in internal units rather than in national currency, the price of the top-up/refill charge is
used to convert internal units into national currency. If there are different refill prices, then the cheapest/smallest refill card is
used. If different refill charges exist depending on the validity period, the validity period for 30 days (or closest to 30 days) is used.
6.
Special offers and plans with limited availability (for example, and among others, those reserved for a limited number of customers,
or with a limited time period) are not taken into consideration.
7.
If subscribers can chose favourite numbers (for family, friends, etc) with a special price, this special price will not be taken into
consideration, irrespective of the quantity of numbers involved.
8.
Prices refer to outgoing local calls. If different rates apply for local and national calls, then the local rate is used. If charges apply
to incoming calls, these are not taken into consideration.
9.
If prices vary between minutes (1st minute = price A, 2nd minute = price B, 3rd minute = price C), the sum of the different prices
is divided by the number of different prices (for example: price per minute = (A+B+C)/3).
10. If prices vary beyond three minutes, the average price per minute is calculated based on the first three minutes.
11. If there is a connection cost per call, then this is taken into consideration in the formula for the mobile-cellular sub-basket, based
on 30 calls.
12. If there are different off-peak prices, then the one that is the cheapest before midnight is used. If the only off-peak period is after
midnight, then this is not used. Instead, the peak price is used.
13. If there are different peak prices, the most expensive one during the daytime is used.
14. If there are different weekend prices, the price that applies Sundays during the daytime is used (or the equivalent day in countries
where weekends are not on Sundays).
15. If there is no weekend price, the average peak and off-peak price that is valid during the week is used.
16. If peak and off-peak SMS prices exist, the average of both is used for on-net and off-net SMS.
17. If calls are charged by call or by hour (and not by the minute), the mobile-cellular sub-basket formula will be calculated on the
basis of 30 calls or 50.9 minutes. Similarly, if calls are charged by call or by number of minutes for a specific network/time of the
day, this will be taken into account for that particular network/time of the day.
18. Where monthly, recurring charges exist, they are added to the sub-basket.
220
The prices of the operator with the largest market share (measured by the number of subscriptions) are used.
2.
3.
Prices are reported and collected in national currency and then converted to USD and PPP$.
4.
Where operators propose different commitment periods, the 12-month plan (or the one closest to this commitment period) is
used.
5. Only residential, single-user prices are collected. If prices vary between different regions of the country, prices refer to those
applied in the largest city (in terms of the population). If that informtion is not available, the prices applying to the capital city
are used.
6.
The cheapest plan on the basis of 1 GB monthly usage and an advertised download speed of at least 256 kbit/s is selected.
7.
The price for the most widely used fixed (wired)-broadband technology in the country (DSL, cable, etc.) is used.
8.
The sub-basket does not include installation charges, modem prices or telephone-line rentals that are often required for a DSL
service.
9.
Prices refer to a regular (non-promotional) plan and exclude promotional offers or limited or restricted discounts.
10. With convergence, operators are increasingly providing multiple (bundled) services such as voice telephony, Internet access and
television reception over their networks. They often bundle these offers into a single subscription. This can present a challenge
for price data collection, since it may not be possible to isolate the prices for one service. It is preferable to use prices for a specific
service; but if this is not possible, then the additional services that are included in the price will be specified in a note.
221
3. Mobile-broadband prices
Mobile-broadband prices are collected from the operator with the largest market share in the country, measured by the number
of mobile-broadband subscriptions. If this information is not available, mobile-broadband prices are collected from the mobilecellular operator with the largest market share measured by the number of mobile-cellular subscriptions.
2.
3.
Prices are reported and collected in the national currency and then converted to USD and PPP$.
4.
Where operators propose different commitment periods for postpaid mobile-broadband plans, the 12-month plan (or the closest
to this commitment period) is selected.
5.
Only residential, single-user prices are collected. If prices vary between different regions of the country, prices refer to those applied
in the largest city (in terms of population). If that informtion is not available, the prices applying to the capital city are used.
6.
Prices are collected for one of the following technologies: UMTS, HSDPA+/HSDPA, CDMA2000 and IEEE 802.16e. Prices applying
to WiFi or hotspots are excluded.
7. Prices are collected for both a) handset-based mobile-broadband subscriptions and b) computer-based mobile-broadband
subscriptions.
8.
Prices are collected for prepaid and postpaid services, for both handset-based and computer-based plans.
9.
Prices are collected for the least expensive plan with a (minimum) data allowance of:
i.
ii.
222
In some countries, not all of the four different mobilebroadband offers (prepaid and postpaid handset-based
and prepaid and postpaid computer-based) exist. While
in some countries only prepaid mobile-broadband offers
are available, in others operators offer mobile-broadband
customers postpaid plans only. The data collection shows
that prepaid only mobile-broadband offers are more
common in developing countries: out of 100 developing
countries, 17 had only prepaid handset-based offers and 12
only prepaid computer-based mobile-broadband services
available. These include in particular low-income African
countries, but also countries from the Asia-Pacific and Arab
States regions. On the other hand, a number of European
countries did not have prepaid mobile-broadband offers
(out of 49 developed countries, eight had only postpaid
handset-based plans and nine had only postpaid computerbased plans.). In addition, in a few cases operators did not
offer a choice between handset-based and computer-based
usage, but only one or the other. In these cases, prices are
only recorded and analysed for combinations of plans for
which data are available (see Annex Table 2.2).14
223
Number of countries
61
52
126
124
124
127
Note: A total of 146 countries were included in the mobilebroadband data analysis.
Source: ITU.
Data comparability
The data collection revealed some difficulties in comparing
mobile-broadband prices. As shown in Annex Table 2.2,
the exact data caps defined for each plan were not always
available in every country. The same is true, albeit to a lesser
extent, for validity, which did not always reach the required
30 days minimum. In these cases, the cheapest alternative
was used: either plans that include a higher amount of
data were selected, or different packages (a base plan plus
lower-volume plans.
224
Endnotes
The Expert Group on Telecommunication/ICT Indicators (EGTI) was created in May 2009 with the mandate to revise the list of ITU supply-side
indicators (i.e. data collected from operators), as well as to discuss outstanding methodological issues and new indicators. EGTI is open to all ITU
members and experts in the field of ICT statistics and data collection. It works through an online discussion forum (http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/ict/
ExpertGroup/default.asp) and face-to-face meetings. EGTI reports to the World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators Symposium (WTIS).
In some cases, it is not clear whether taxes are included or not and it was not possible to obtain this information from country contacts or operators;
in such cases, the advertised price is used.
See endnote 2.
On-net refers to a call made to the same mobile network, while off-net and fixed-line refer to calls made to other (competing) mobile networks and
to a fixed-telephone line, respectively.
See endnote 2.
See endnote 2.
Data for fixed-telephone, mobile-cellular and fixed-broadband have been collected since 2008 through the ITU ICT Price Basket Questionnaire,
which is sent out annually to all ITU Member States/national statistical contacts.
See endnote 1.
These rules were presented to the Expert Group on Telecommunication/ICT Indicators (EGTI) in September 2012. EGTI agreed that ITU should
collect prepaid and postpaid prices, for both handset- and computerbased services, with the following volume allowances: 1 GB for computer
based and 250 MB as well as 500 MB for handsetbased usage. The EGTI proposals to measure mobile-broadband prices were endorsed by the
tenth World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators Meeting (WTIM) held in September 2012 in Bangkok, Thailand.
10
See endnote 2.
11
In line with the ITU definition of active mobile-broadband subscriptions (ITU, 2011b) and the OECD Wireless Broadband Indicator Methodology
(OECD, 2010a), only plans that allow access to the greater Internet via HTTP are considered. This excludes plans that provide access only to walled
garden services (such as a limited number of websites, content and applications) or e-mail only services. It also excludes connections limited to a
part of the Internet, such as those limited to the national Internet, or to intranets.
12
Some operators throttle speeds after the data allowance included in the base package has been reached. Customers can then pay an excess usage
charge in order to continue to have full-speed connections. In some cases, even throttled speeds are still considered broadband (i.e. equal to, or
greater than, 256 kbit/s according to ITUs definition).
13
In the Democratic Republic of the Congo, for example, only prices for prepaid mobile-broadband services were available in 2012. Thus, the country
is included for the prepaid handset-based and computer-based plans, but not for the postpaid handset-based and computer-based plans.
14
For some cases, pay-as-you-go and unlimited offers were retained, as those offers are still comparatively competitive overall.
15
For countries where the price for the respective plan exceeds 5 per cent of GNI p.c.: If the cap is five times as high as the required amount (i.e. 5 GB
or 2.5 GB) and a) the price in USD is at least five times as high for the 1GB than for 500MB plans or b) the price in USD for 500MB plans is higher than
for 1GB plans the country is excluded for the respective plan.
16
225
227
Access indicators
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
228
Economy
Albania
Algeria
Angola
Antigua & Barbuda
Argentina
Armenia
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belarus
Belgium
Benin
Bhutan
Bolivia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Botswana
Brazil
Brunei Darussalam
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Cambodia
Cameroon
Canada
Cape Verde
Central African Rep.
Chad
Chile
China
Colombia
Comoros
Congo
Congo (Dem. Rep.)
Costa Rica
Cte d'Ivoire
Croatia
Cuba
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Djibouti
Dominican Rep.
Ecuador
Egypt
El Salvador
Eritrea
Estonia
Ethiopia
Fiji
Finland
France
Gabon
Gambia
Georgia
Germany
Ghana
Greece
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Guyana
Honduras
Hong Kong, China
Hungary
Iceland
India
Indonesia
Iran (I.R.)
Ireland
Israel
Italy
Jamaica
Japan
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Korea (Rep.)
Lao P.D.R.
Fixed-telephone
subscriptions per
100 inhabitants
2011
2012
10.5
9.7
8.5
8.8
1.5
1.5
39.6
38.7
24.3
24.3
18.6
18.8
46.8
45.7
40.3
39.6
18.1
18.4
20.9
21.3
0.6
0.6
51.4
52.5
44.0
46.3
43.1
42.9
1.7
1.7
3.7
3.6
8.7
8.6
25.5
23.5
7.4
7.8
21.9
22.3
19.7
17.2
31.6
30.4
0.8
0.8
3.7
4.0
3.3
3.6
53.0
51.9
14.9
13.9
0.1
0.1
0.3
0.3
19.5
18.8
21.2
20.6
15.2
13.2
3.1
3.1
0.3
0.4
0.1
0.1
26.1
21.2
1.3
1.3
40.1
37.4
10.6
10.8
36.3
33.1
21.7
19.9
45.1
43.5
2.0
2.0
10.4
10.5
15.1
15.5
10.6
10.2
16.5
16.9
1.1
1.1
35.2
33.5
1.0
0.9
15.0
10.1
20.1
16.5
63.4
61.9
1.5
1.1
2.8
3.5
31.0
29.6
63.0
61.8
1.1
1.1
50.4
47.8
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.3
20.1
20.4
7.9
7.7
61.0
60.6
29.4
29.8
58.9
57.6
2.6
2.5
15.8
15.5
37.1
38.0
45.2
43.8
46.3
46.7
36.4
35.5
9.9
9.6
51.1
50.8
7.4
6.7
26.3
26.5
0.7
0.6
60.9
61.9
1.7
1.8
Mobile-cellular
subscriptions per
100 inhabitants
2011
2012
96.4
108.4
99.0
103.3
48.4
48.6
196.4
198.6
134.9
142.5
103.6
106.9
108.3
106.2
154.8
161.2
108.7
107.5
128.0
156.2
56.1
63.8
127.0
126.4
111.9
112.1
120.5
119.4
85.3
89.9
65.6
74.7
82.8
92.6
84.5
89.5
142.8
150.1
119.2
125.2
109.2
113.8
140.7
145.7
45.3
57.1
96.2
132.0
52.4
64.0
79.7
75.7
79.2
84.2
22.1
23.4
31.8
35.5
129.7
138.5
73.2
81.3
98.5
103.2
28.7
32.3
93.8
101.2
23.1
28.0
92.2
128.3
86.1
96.3
116.4
113.3
11.7
14.9
97.7
98.4
126.1
122.8
116.7
118.0
21.3
22.7
87.2
88.8
104.5
110.7
101.1
115.3
133.5
138.1
4.5
5.5
139.0
154.5
16.7
23.7
83.7
98.1
166.0
172.5
94.8
98.1
154.5
187.4
78.9
83.6
102.3
109.2
132.3
131.3
84.8
100.3
106.5
116.9
44.0
45.6
56.2
69.4
69.9
72.2
104.0
93.1
214.7
227.9
117.3
116.4
106.1
105.4
72.0
68.7
102.5
115.2
74.9
76.9
108.4
107.1
121.7
119.9
158.0
159.5
108.1
96.5
105.0
109.4
118.2
139.1
155.7
175.4
67.5
71.9
108.5
110.4
87.2
101.9
International Internet
bandwidth
Bit/s per Internet user
2011
2012
19038
17007
8933
8099
517
586
56545
60064
24050
21966
22196
38556
50079
69463
81919
108533
19102
40107
14719
17553
1528
2890
38177
69544
52833
78318
131137
184943
3407
3491
2999
3248
4743
5302
17767
24519
7386
6353
28024
25081
21995
39861
70572
94368
2183
1706
13530
13982
322
276
70150
100978
5806
6180
203
160
228
451
32139
40557
2692
4165
9733
12164
4003
3592
155
209
984
684
28129
29962
18044
16329
23650
28219
158
159
53569
69687
91064
100956
159511
174958
13409
11143
13017
11320
27742
33146
3719
4078
5655
6886
791
1411
24378
23620
6974
5065
8020
9221
118445
159467
78590
84551
6314
5751
1606
2078
26695
54247
74786
75531
225
229
52181
54734
1731
2241
73
87
4547
8464
4866
4185
1079661
1239849
10321
15355
287139
371242
6319
5186
10487
17209
3540
3772
69031
97020
38385
55800
60820
76246
24819
20249
23393
33038
6337
5666
19511
31813
4544
23952
17170
26035
2048
1752
Percentage of
households
with computer
2011
2012
18.0
20.0
22.0
24.2
7.8
8.5
54.0
56.1
51.0
56.0
28.7
34.0
82.6
85.2
78.1
81.0
39.0
45.0
90.0
92.7
4.0
4.8
65.3
69.2
46.4
51.7
78.9
80.0
3.6
4.2
14.1
16.4
24.0
25.9
36.5
39.8
11.0
12.3
45.4
49.9
83.2
86.9
46.8
52.0
2.8
3.4
4.9
5.4
7.4
8.3
84.5
86.6
23.9
26.5
2.5
2.9
2.0
2.5
50.5
53.7
38.0
40.9
29.9
38.4
5.8
6.4
3.9
4.3
1.0
1.3
45.3
49.0
2.0
2.3
64.0
68.0
4.2
4.6
63.9
70.0
69.9
75.0
90.4
92.2
14.3
15.5
18.9
19.8
28.8
32.2
36.4
37.9
14.3
15.3
1.1
1.5
71.4
76.0
1.8
2.1
29.3
31.7
85.1
88.0
78.2
81.0
8.9
10.1
6.4
7.4
25.6
32.7
86.9
87.0
11.9
13.8
57.2
57.4
1.8
2.1
2.1
2.3
9.0
10.5
14.0
15.1
79.1
80.3
69.7
71.0
94.7
96.0
9.5
10.9
12.3
15.1
38.5
41.8
80.6
83.0
78.2
82.1
66.2
67.0
27.9
32.6
80.0
80.0
50.8
54.6
57.8
63.0
8.8
10.8
81.9
82.3
7.8
8.7
Percentage of
households with
Internet access
2011
2012
16.5
20.5
15.0
19.4
6.4
7.2
45.0
48.2
41.5
47.5
22.2
25.4
78.9
81.4
75.4
79.0
42.0
46.8
76.8
79.0
1.1
2.1
54.6
57.9
40.3
48.3
76.5
78.0
1.4
2.4
8.1
11.6
7.4
10.0
32.0
39.7
8.0
9.1
37.8
45.4
69.0
72.4
45.0
51.0
2.4
2.8
2.8
3.9
2.4
3.5
80.5
83.0
10.4
13.7
1.9
2.4
1.6
2.3
41.0
45.3
30.9
37.4
23.4
32.1
2.9
3.4
1.0
1.3
1.0
1.3
33.6
47.3
1.2
1.3
61.4
66.0
3.0
3.8
57.4
62.0
66.6
71.0
90.1
92.0
3.9
5.1
11.8
13.7
16.9
22.5
31.0
32.3
12.0
15.0
0.9
1.1
70.8
75.0
1.5
1.9
22.1
24.4
84.2
87.0
75.9
80.0
7.0
7.9
5.2
6.7
25.3
32.0
83.3
85.0
8.4
11.0
50.2
54.0
1.1
1.3
1.5
1.6
8.0
8.9
10.0
13.2
77.5
78.6
65.2
69.0
92.6
95.0
6.0
9.5
5.3
6.5
25.2
26.5
78.1
81.0
70.3
73.4
61.6
63.0
18.5
23.0
86.0
86.0
35.4
43.6
49.4
52.6
8.8
11.5
97.2
97.4
4.2
5.1
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
Economy
Latvia
Lebanon
Lesotho
Liberia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macao, China
Madagascar
Malawi
Malaysia
Maldives
Mali
Malta
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mexico
Moldova
Mongolia
Morocco
Mozambique
Myanmar
Namibia
Netherlands
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Niger
Nigeria
Norway
Oman
Pakistan
Panama
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Poland
Portugal
Qatar
Romania
Russian Federation
Rwanda
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Serbia
Seychelles
Singapore
Slovakia
Slovenia
Solomon Islands
South Africa
Spain
Sri Lanka
Saint Lucia
St. Vincent and the Grenadines
Sudan
Suriname
Swaziland
Sweden
Switzerland
Syria
Tanzania
TFYR Macedonia
Thailand
Tonga
Trinidad & Tobago
Tunisia
Turkey
Uganda
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United States
Uruguay
Uzbekistan
Venezuela
Viet Nam
Yemen
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Fixed-telephone
subscriptions per
100 inhabitants
2011
2012
23.0
22.4
20.3
20.5
1.8
1.9
0.1
0.0
21.9
20.3
54.1
51.0
29.9
28.6
0.6
0.7
1.1
1.4
15.7
15.7
7.5
7.1
0.7
0.7
55.6
54.8
2.0
1.8
28.7
26.6
17.2
17.4
33.3
34.3
6.7
6.2
11.0
10.1
0.4
0.4
1.1
1.1
6.8
7.2
42.8
42.4
42.6
42.1
4.9
5.4
0.5
0.6
0.4
0.3
31.0
29.5
10.1
10.5
3.2
3.2
15.7
17.7
5.6
5.6
11.1
11.5
3.7
4.1
17.9
16.0
42.5
42.6
16.5
16.9
21.8
21.9
30.9
30.1
0.4
0.4
16.5
16.7
2.7
2.6
37.3
30.2
32.1
33.1
38.9
37.8
19.3
17.8
42.9
40.4
1.5
1.4
8.2
7.9
42.8
41.1
17.1
16.3
20.4
20.7
20.8
17.7
1.1
0.9
15.9
15.5
6.3
4.0
47.5
45.5
59.8
56.7
20.9
20.9
0.3
0.4
20.4
19.7
9.6
9.1
28.7
28.6
21.7
21.2
11.5
10.3
20.7
18.6
1.3
0.9
28.1
27.1
23.1
24.3
53.3
52.6
45.8
44.0
28.5
29.8
6.9
7.0
24.9
25.6
11.5
11.4
4.3
4.3
0.6
0.6
2.8
2.3
Mobile-cellular
subscriptions per
100 inhabitants
2011
2012
102.9
103.4
79.5
93.2
56.2
59.2
49.2
56.4
151.3
151.8
148.3
145.5
243.5
284.3
40.7
39.1
25.7
27.8
127.0
140.9
165.7
172.8
68.3
89.5
124.9
128.7
93.6
111.1
99.0
113.1
82.4
86.8
101.2
115.9
104.6
117.6
113.3
119.7
32.8
33.1
2.6
11.2
96.4
103.0
119.0
117.5
109.2
110.3
82.2
89.8
29.5
32.4
58.6
67.7
115.6
115.5
169.0
181.7
61.6
66.8
188.6
186.7
99.4
101.7
110.4
98.8
99.3
106.8
131.0
132.7
115.4
115.1
123.1
134.1
109.3
106.1
179.3
183.5
40.6
50.5
191.2
184.7
73.3
87.5
125.4
92.8
145.7
158.6
150.2
153.4
109.3
111.2
106.6
110.1
49.8
53.3
126.8
134.8
113.2
108.3
87.0
95.8
123.0
127.7
120.5
123.9
56.1
60.5
178.9
182.9
63.7
66.0
121.3
122.6
130.9
135.3
63.2
61.2
55.5
57.1
107.2
108.2
111.6
120.3
52.6
53.4
135.6
139.4
116.9
120.0
88.7
90.8
48.4
45.9
123.0
132.1
148.6
169.9
130.8
130.8
95.3
98.2
140.8
147.3
91.6
72.2
97.8
102.1
143.4
149.4
47.0
54.4
60.6
75.8
72.1
96.9
International Internet
bandwidth
Bit/s per Internet user
2011
2012
44779
54427
2257
22825
2816
9828
614
1981
57571
70064
89564
4091440
45300
58120
553
502
3788
2808
10651
16378
30659
26589
4893
4817
471215
638518
3890
3187
12714
14613
13320
16304
91118
94044
85370
91895
7273
14836
1244
1685
11231
10213
2349
3405
162532
172862
23706
31052
12857
24878
2245
3606
368
310
151257
189073
8969
10211
8172
7251
44121
32346
9482
11593
9448
13206
12360
14303
40244
70424
129568
193791
22333
28101
126108
115955
31911
32945
4414
6694
33031
35867
4118
5363
76761
70528
5867
16313
343728
391106
12276
11404
71217
95936
3893
3507
11668
18700
64069
81335
5224
5927
75739
69398
637784
577243
1568
1385
10035
9176
2347
2019
236638
279755
167636
322653
3489
3897
902
1203
17945
31415
24634
24998
3827
2735
19753
18257
14832
19043
33174
40350
4206
4765
10483
14328
24777
36847
156817
188875
47174
62274
32078
40681
579
975
8108
10938
9998
13518
1082
2600
1889
2758
1748
3273
Percentage of
households
with computer
2011
2012
64.3
70.0
71.5
79.7
5.5
5.9
1.5
2.0
61.8
64.0
91.7
92.0
84.9
85.8
2.2
2.9
3.1
4.0
64.1
66.9
62.9
67.2
6.2
7.7
76.4
78.0
3.4
3.7
38.2
40.6
30.0
32.2
40.0
44.5
24.2
30.3
39.4
43.1
5.3
5.9
1.8
2.3
13.0
14.3
94.2
97.2
87.4
91.2
9.0
9.9
1.5
1.8
9.3
11.4
91.0
92.0
58.0
62.7
11.0
12.5
26.6
38.3
22.7
24.3
25.4
29.9
15.1
16.9
71.3
73.0
63.7
66.0
90.2
91.5
51.2
57.0
57.1
60.6
2.0
2.4
62.8
67.7
8.0
9.0
55.8
60.3
45.0
51.9
86.0
87.7
75.4
79.0
74.4
76.0
4.4
5.1
21.5
23.6
71.5
74.0
13.6
15.0
40.1
42.5
58.0
62.3
11.0
14.0
32.3
34.3
11.2
11.9
91.6
92.0
84.8
85.8
40.5
43.0
4.0
4.4
57.0
58.4
24.7
26.9
13.7
15.5
56.3
61.0
21.0
22.8
48.5
50.2
3.1
4.0
33.7
40.5
77.0
85.0
84.6
87.0
77.2
79.3
60.0
63.7
6.9
8.0
19.0
20.2
16.0
17.5
4.6
5.1
2.7
3.1
5.9
6.5
Percentage of
households with
Internet access
2011
2012
63.6
69.0
61.8
64.0
3.1
3.7
1.3
1.5
61.8
62.0
90.6
93.0
80.5
81.0
2.0
2.7
5.5
5.5
61.4
64.7
28.9
34.3
2.0
2.5
75.3
77.0
2.5
3.4
36.4
42.0
23.3
26.0
38.0
42.0
9.2
14.0
35.3
38.9
3.5
4.7
1.4
1.8
10.0
13.0
93.6
94.0
83.3
87.4
5.6
7.4
1.0
1.4
7.5
9.1
92.2
93.0
38.9
41.9
7.0
8.3
20.7
31.6
19.3
22.8
16.4
20.2
15.0
18.9
66.6
70.0
58.0
61.0
86.2
88.1
47.4
54.0
46.0
51.2
2.0
2.4
60.5
66.6
5.0
5.8
43.9
48.0
34.0
41.9
85.0
87.7
70.8
76.6
72.6
74.0
3.5
4.2
23.2
25.5
63.9
68.0
8.1
10.3
29.2
32.2
45.0
49.7
21.0
29.3
17.5
20.2
9.5
11.4
90.6
92.0
87.0
90.0
36.0
38.0
4.5
5.1
51.6
56.8
13.4
18.4
10.6
12.0
35.0
40.0
16.0
20.6
42.9
47.2
3.2
4.2
29.3
36.5
67.0
72.0
83.0
88.6
71.7
75.0
43.8
48.4
7.8
9.6
16.0
20.2
14.0
15.6
4.0
4.7
2.4
2.8
4.8
4.9
Note:
Data in italics refer to ITU estimates.
Source: ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database.
229
Use indicators
Percentage of individuals
using the Internet
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
230
Economy
Albania
Algeria
Angola
Antigua & Barbuda
Argentina
Armenia
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belarus
Belgium
Benin
Bhutan
Bolivia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Botswana
Brazil
Brunei Darussalam
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Cambodia
Cameroon
Canada
Cape Verde
Central African Rep.
Chad
Chile
China
Colombia
Comoros
Congo
Congo (Dem. Rep.)
Costa Rica
Cte d'Ivoire
Croatia
Cuba
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Djibouti
Dominican Rep.
Ecuador
Egypt
El Salvador
Eritrea
Estonia
Ethiopia
Fiji
Finland
France
Gabon
Gambia
Georgia
Germany
Ghana
Greece
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Guyana
Honduras
Hong Kong, China
Hungary
Iceland
India
Indonesia
Iran (I.R.)
Ireland
Israel
Italy
Jamaica
Japan
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Korea (Rep.)
Lao P.D.R.
2011
49.0
14.0
14.8
82.0
51.0
32.0
79.5
79.8
50.0
77.0
5.0
71.8
39.6
78.0
3.5
21.0
30.0
60.0
8.0
45.0
56.0
51.0
3.0
3.1
5.0
83.0
32.0
2.2
1.9
52.3
38.3
40.4
5.5
5.6
1.2
42.1
2.2
59.6
23.2
57.7
73.0
90.0
7.0
38.6
31.4
39.8
18.9
0.7
76.5
1.1
28.0
89.4
79.6
8.0
10.9
36.6
83.0
14.1
53.0
1.3
2.7
32.0
15.9
72.2
70.0
95.0
10.1
12.3
21.0
76.8
68.9
56.8
37.5
79.1
34.9
50.6
28.0
83.8
9.0
2012
54.7
15.2
16.9
83.8
55.8
39.2
82.3
81.0
54.2
88.0
6.3
73.3
46.9
82.0
3.8
25.4
34.2
65.4
11.5
49.8
60.3
55.1
3.7
4.9
5.7
86.8
34.7
3.0
2.1
61.4
42.3
49.0
6.0
6.1
1.7
47.5
2.4
63.0
25.6
61.0
75.0
93.0
8.3
45.0
35.1
44.1
25.5
0.8
79.0
1.5
33.7
91.0
83.0
8.6
12.4
45.5
84.0
17.1
56.0
1.5
2.9
34.3
18.1
72.8
72.0
96.0
12.6
15.4
26.0
79.0
73.4
58.0
46.5
79.1
41.0
53.3
32.1
84.1
10.7
Fixed (wired)-broadband
subscriptions per
100 inhabitants
2011
4.0
2.8
0.1
6.7
10.4
5.0
23.9
24.6
10.7
13.8
0.3
22.1
21.9
32.8
0.0
1.8
0.7
9.7
0.8
8.6
5.7
16.4
0.1
0.2
0.0
31.8
4.0
0.0
0.1
11.6
11.6
6.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
9.1
0.2
19.6
0.0
18.9
15.8
37.6
1.2
4.0
4.2
2.2
3.3
0.0
24.8
0.0
2.7
29.5
36.0
0.3
0.0
7.5
33.1
0.3
21.6
0.0
0.0
2.6
0.7
31.6
22.2
33.9
1.1
1.1
2.4
22.0
24.8
22.1
3.9
27.6
3.2
7.4
0.1
36.9
0.7
2012
5.0
3.0
0.2
5.6
10.9
6.6
25.1
25.2
13.8
12.7
0.3
23.8
26.6
34.1
0.1
2.2
1.1
10.8
0.8
9.2
4.8
17.6
0.1
0.2
0.0
32.9
3.8
0.0
0.2
12.4
13.0
8.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
10.0
0.2
20.3
0.0
19.2
16.6
38.2
1.7
4.4
5.4
2.7
3.9
0.0
25.7
0.0
1.5
30.4
37.8
0.3
0.0
9.1
34.0
0.3
23.5
0.0
0.0
3.9
0.8
31.6
22.9
34.5
1.1
1.2
4.1
22.7
22.2
22.1
4.3
27.9
3.0
9.7
0.1
37.6
1.5
2012
18.4
0.0
1.5
19.9
20.8
27.8
102.7
56.3
34.4
33.5
0.5
37.2
32.9
33.8
0.4
2.5
6.8
12.4
17.4
37.3
7.6
41.4
0.0
6.9
0.0
50.0
22.5
0.0
0.0
28.0
17.2
5.1
0.0
2.2
0.0
27.7
0.0
52.9
0.0
34.1
52.6
88.1
0.0
15.9
22.5
26.9
5.5
0.0
74.1
0.4
23.4
106.5
52.2
0.0
1.3
24.1
41.1
33.7
44.5
0.0
0.0
0.1
4.8
73.5
24.2
71.7
4.9
31.9
1.4
65.8
65.5
52.1
1.6
113.1
11.8
42.0
2.2
106.0
0.8
Percentage of individuals
using the Internet
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
Economy
Latvia
Lebanon
Lesotho
Liberia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macao, China
Madagascar
Malawi
Malaysia
Maldives
Mali
Malta
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mexico
Moldova
Mongolia
Morocco
Mozambique
Myanmar
Namibia
Netherlands
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Niger
Nigeria
Norway
Oman
Pakistan
Panama
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Poland
Portugal
Qatar
Romania
Russian Federation
Rwanda
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Serbia
Seychelles
Singapore
Slovakia
Slovenia
Solomon Islands
South Africa
Spain
Sri Lanka
Saint Lucia
St. Vincent and the Grenadines
Sudan
Suriname
Swaziland
Sweden
Switzerland
Syria
Tanzania
TFYR Macedonia
Thailand
Tonga
Trinidad & Tobago
Tunisia
Turkey
Uganda
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United States
Uruguay
Uzbekistan
Venezuela
Viet Nam
Yemen
Zambia
Zimbabwe
2011
71.7
52.0
4.2
3.0
65.1
90.9
60.2
1.9
3.3
61.0
34.0
2.0
69.2
4.5
35.0
35.0
38.0
12.5
53.0
4.3
1.0
12.0
92.3
86.0
10.6
1.3
28.4
94.0
48.0
9.0
42.7
23.9
36.0
29.0
64.9
57.8
86.2
44.0
49.0
7.0
47.5
17.5
42.2
43.2
71.0
74.4
69.0
6.0
34.0
67.6
15.0
45.0
43.0
19.0
32.0
18.1
94.0
85.2
22.5
12.0
56.7
23.7
25.0
55.2
39.1
43.1
13.0
28.7
78.0
86.8
77.9
51.4
30.2
40.2
35.1
14.9
11.5
15.7
2012
74.0
61.2
4.6
3.8
68.0
92.0
64.3
2.1
4.4
65.8
38.9
2.2
70.0
5.4
41.4
38.4
43.4
16.4
55.0
4.8
1.1
12.9
93.0
89.5
13.5
1.4
32.9
95.0
60.0
10.0
45.2
27.1
38.2
36.2
65.0
64.0
88.1
50.0
53.3
8.0
54.0
19.2
48.1
47.1
74.2
80.0
70.0
7.0
41.0
72.0
18.3
48.6
47.5
21.0
34.7
20.8
94.0
85.2
24.3
13.1
63.1
26.5
34.9
59.5
41.4
45.1
14.7
33.7
85.0
87.0
81.0
55.1
36.5
44.0
39.5
17.4
13.5
17.1
Fixed (wired)-broadband
subscriptions per
100 inhabitants
2011
20.4
4.9
0.1
0.0
18.9
32.9
24.7
0.0
0.0
7.4
5.4
0.0
30.0
0.2
9.8
10.3
10.0
3.2
1.8
0.1
0.0
0.8
39.0
25.8
1.4
0.0
0.1
35.4
1.8
0.4
7.9
0.9
4.0
1.9
14.7
21.0
8.7
15.2
12.2
0.0
5.6
0.7
11.3
10.4
25.6
13.6
24.0
0.4
1.8
23.8
1.7
12.1
12.9
0.0
4.6
0.2
32.1
39.9
0.6
0.0
12.6
5.5
1.2
11.5
5.1
10.3
0.1
7.0
11.0
32.7
27.4
13.5
0.5
6.1
4.3
0.4
0.1
0.3
2012
21.5
11.7
0.1
0.0
19.5
32.6
25.5
0.0
0.0
8.4
5.5
0.0
31.7
0.2
10.6
10.9
11.9
3.6
2.1
0.1
0.0
2.8
39.4
27.8
1.7
0.0
0.0
36.9
2.5
0.5
8.2
1.1
4.8
2.2
16.6
22.3
8.2
15.9
14.5
0.0
6.8
0.7
10.2
11.7
26.1
14.6
24.6
0.4
2.2
24.3
2.0
13.8
12.4
0.1
5.7
0.3
32.2
41.9
1.8
0.0
14.6
6.2
1.4
13.6
4.8
10.5
0.1
8.1
11.7
34.0
28.0
16.6
0.7
6.7
5.0
0.7
0.1
0.5
2012
53.7
25.6
9.7
0.0
12.5
72.6
283.3
0.1
3.5
13.6
21.5
0.7
58.6
3.8
21.7
10.2
5.1
26.9
10.1
1.8
0.0
28.9
61.0
65.9
1.0
0.6
18.6
85.4
58.1
0.7
15.0
6.1
2.9
3.8
52.8
32.5
72.2
23.8
53.0
3.3
44.7
3.8
40.8
9.1
124.9
39.5
37.5
6.3
26.0
53.4
4.4
0.0
0.0
16.7
0.4
12.0
101.3
41.4
1.8
1.5
22.7
0.1
0.1
2.8
5.2
16.3
7.6
5.5
50.9
72.0
75.3
32.5
20.7
4.8
19.0
0.2
0.7
29.7
Note:
Data in italics refer to ITU estimates.
Source: ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database.
231
Skills indicators
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
232
Economy
Albania
Algeria
Angola
Antigua & Barbuda
Argentina
Armenia
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belarus
Belgium
Benin
Bhutan
Bolivia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Botswana
Brazil
Brunei Darussalam
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Cambodia
Cameroon
Canada
Cape Verde
Central African Rep.
Chad
Chile
China
Colombia
Comoros
Congo
Congo (Dem. Rep.)
Costa Rica
Cte d'Ivoire
Croatia
Cuba
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Djibouti
Dominican Rep.
Ecuador
Egypt
El Salvador
Eritrea
Estonia
Ethiopia
Fiji
Finland
France
Gabon
Gambia
Georgia
Germany
Ghana
Greece
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Guyana
Honduras
Hong Kong, China
Hungary
Iceland
India
Indonesia
Iran (I.R.)
Ireland
Israel
Italy
Jamaica
Japan
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Korea (Rep.)
Lao P.D.R.
2011
88.9
101.6
31.3
104.9
90.2
92.0
131.3
98.3
99.5
103.1
51.9
103.7
104.6
110.5
51.4
70.1
81.0
89.3
82.1
101.3
111.8
88.9
22.6
44.4
51.3
101.5
89.7
18.0
25.4
90.1
81.4
97.5
46.3
37.7
39.8
101.5
29.9
95.7
90.2
91.4
90.8
118.7
36.1
76.1
87.6
72.5
67.6
32.6
106.6
37.6
90.4
108.0
113.6
58.4
54.1
86.2
103.3
58.1
109.5
41.7
36.0
93.3
74.0
80.1
100.7
108.0
63.2
80.7
85.7
118.6
102.1
100.4
92.7
102.2
86.9
99.6
60.2
97.1
45.8
Secondary
2011
43.9
32.1
3.7
14.5
74.8
48.9
79.9
70.5
19.6
29.8
13.6
61.8
85.2
70.6
10.6
8.8
38.6
38.1
7.4
25.6
19.6
56.9
3.9
14.5
12.4
66.6
20.4
3.0
2.3
70.7
26.8
42.9
9.7
9.0
7.5
43.0
8.3
54.1
80.4
48.3
64.9
73.7
4.9
34.2
39.8
27.8
24.6
2.4
64.3
7.6
61.8
95.2
57.7
6.6
4.1
30.0
46.2
12.1
89.4
11.3
2.7
12.0
20.6
60.4
59.9
78.6
17.9
24.9
48.6
68.1
62.5
65.0
26.0
59.7
37.8
40.8
4.0
103.1
17.7
Tertiary
Adult
literacy rate
2012
43.9
32.1
3.7
14.5
74.8
48.9
79.9
70.5
19.6
29.8
13.6
61.8
85.2
70.6
10.6
8.8
38.6
38.1
7.4
25.6
19.6
56.9
3.9
14.5
12.4
66.6
20.4
3.0
2.3
70.7
26.8
42.9
9.7
9.0
7.5
43.0
8.3
54.1
80.4
48.3
64.9
73.7
4.9
34.2
39.8
27.8
24.6
2.4
64.3
7.6
61.8
95.2
57.7
6.6
4.1
30.0
46.2
12.3
89.4
11.3
2.7
12.0
20.6
60.4
59.9
78.6
17.9
24.9
48.6
68.1
62.5
65.0
26.0
59.7
37.8
43.2
4.0
103.1
17.7
2011
96.8
72.6
70.4
99.0
97.9
99.6
99.0
99.0
99.5
94.6
57.7
99.0
99.6
99.0
28.7
52.8
91.2
98.0
85.1
90.4
95.4
98.4
28.7
73.9
71.3
99.0
84.9
56.6
35.4
98.6
95.1
93.6
75.5
66.8
66.8
96.3
56.9
98.9
99.8
98.7
99.0
99.0
73.0
90.1
91.6
72.0
84.5
68.9
99.8
39.0
95.1
99.0
99.0
89.0
51.1
99.7
99.0
71.5
97.3
25.3
55.3
85.0
85.1
99.0
99.0
99.0
62.8
92.8
85.0
99.0
99.0
99.0
87.0
99.0
95.9
99.7
72.2
99.0
72.7
2012
96.8
72.6
70.4
99.0
97.9
99.6
99.0
99.0
99.5
94.6
57.7
99.0
99.6
99.0
28.7
52.8
91.2
98.0
85.1
90.4
95.4
98.4
28.7
73.9
71.3
99.0
84.9
56.6
35.4
98.6
95.1
93.6
75.5
66.8
66.8
96.3
56.9
98.9
99.8
98.7
99.0
99.0
73.0
90.1
91.6
73.9
84.5
68.9
99.8
39.0
95.1
99.0
99.0
89.0
51.1
99.7
99.0
71.5
97.3
25.3
55.3
85.0
85.1
99.0
99.0
99.0
62.8
92.8
85.0
99.0
99.0
99.0
87.0
99.0
95.9
99.7
72.2
99.0
72.7
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
Economy
Latvia
Lebanon
Lesotho
Liberia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macao, China
Madagascar
Malawi
Malaysia
Maldives
Mali
Malta
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mexico
Moldova
Mongolia
Morocco
Mozambique
Myanmar
Namibia
Netherlands
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Niger
Nigeria
Norway
Oman
Pakistan
Panama
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Poland
Portugal
Qatar
Romania
Russian Federation
Rwanda
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Serbia
Seychelles
Singapore
Slovakia
Slovenia
Solomon Islands
South Africa
Spain
Sri Lanka
Saint Lucia
St. Vincent and the Grenadines
Sudan
Suriname
Swaziland
Sweden
Switzerland
Syria
Tanzania
TFYR Macedonia
Thailand
Tonga
Trinidad & Tobago
Tunisia
Turkey
Uganda
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United States
Uruguay
Uzbekistan
Venezuela
Viet Nam
Yemen
Zambia
Zimbabwe
2011
95.8
83.3
49.1
44.8
98.8
101.2
95.6
31.1
34.2
69.1
91.8
39.5
100.9
27.0
90.9
90.7
87.7
92.6
66.8
26.4
54.3
64.0
121.5
119.1
69.4
14.4
44.0
111.0
104.1
35.0
73.6
67.9
91.2
84.8
97.0
109.1
101.7
97.2
88.6
35.8
107.3
42.1
91.5
123.9
74.1
91.2
97.4
48.4
93.8
128.5
102.4
95.5
107.5
39.0
85.3
60.0
98.2
95.5
73.4
31.7
83.7
79.2
101.3
89.9
92.6
82.1
28.4
94.0
92.3
105.3
96.0
90.4
105.7
83.5
77.2
45.8
45.5
41.0
Secondary
2011
57.4
57.7
3.5
4.4
69.5
18.2
67.8
4.1
0.8
42.3
13.0
6.1
35.3
4.7
32.4
28.8
39.4
57.2
14.1
4.9
14.8
9.0
65.4
82.6
19.5
1.5
10.3
74.4
28.7
8.3
45.7
34.6
43.0
28.2
72.4
65.5
11.6
58.8
75.9
6.6
41.2
7.9
50.4
2.6
43.8
53.9
86.3
16.1
15.8
82.6
14.3
15.1
18.2
5.5
12.3
5.9
73.1
56.7
15.7
2.1
38.6
47.7
16.1
11.5
37.1
55.4
9.1
81.7
30.4
59.7
94.8
63.2
8.9
78.1
24.4
10.2
2.4
6.0
Tertiary
Adult
literacy rate
2012
57.4
57.7
3.5
4.4
69.5
18.2
67.8
4.1
0.8
42.3
13.0
6.1
35.3
4.7
32.4
28.8
39.4
57.2
14.1
4.9
14.8
9.0
65.4
82.6
19.5
1.5
10.3
74.4
28.7
8.3
45.7
34.6
43.0
28.2
72.4
65.5
11.6
58.8
75.9
6.6
41.2
7.9
50.4
2.6
43.8
53.9
86.3
16.1
15.8
82.6
14.3
15.1
18.2
5.5
12.3
5.9
73.1
56.7
15.7
3.9
38.6
46.4
16.1
11.5
37.1
55.4
9.1
81.7
30.4
59.7
94.8
63.2
8.9
78.1
24.4
10.2
2.4
6.0
2011
99.8
89.6
75.8
42.9
99.7
99.0
95.6
64.5
61.3
93.1
98.4
33.4
92.4
58.6
88.8
93.5
99.0
97.4
67.1
50.6
92.7
76.5
99.0
99.0
78.0
28.7
51.1
99.0
86.9
54.9
94.1
93.9
89.6
95.4
99.7
95.4
96.3
97.7
99.7
65.9
87.2
49.7
98.0
91.8
95.9
99.0
99.7
82.0
93.0
97.7
91.2
99.0
99.0
71.9
94.7
87.8
99.0
99.0
84.1
67.8
97.4
93.5
99.0
98.8
79.1
94.1
73.2
99.7
90.0
99.0
99.0
98.1
99.4
95.5
93.4
65.3
61.4
83.6
2012
99.8
89.6
75.8
42.9
99.7
99.0
95.6
64.5
61.3
93.1
98.4
33.4
92.4
58.6
88.8
93.5
99.0
97.4
67.1
50.6
92.7
76.5
99.0
99.0
78.0
28.7
51.1
99.0
86.9
54.9
94.1
93.9
89.6
95.4
99.7
95.4
96.3
97.7
99.7
65.9
87.2
49.7
98.0
91.8
95.9
99.0
99.7
82.0
93.0
97.7
91.2
99.0
99.0
71.9
94.7
87.8
99.0
99.0
84.1
67.8
97.4
93.5
99.0
98.8
79.1
94.1
73.2
99.7
90.0
99.0
99.0
98.1
99.4
95.5
93.4
65.3
61.4
83.6
Note:
Data in italics refer to ITU estimates.
Source: UIS. Latest available data.
233
2013
I n t e r n a t i o n a l
Te l e c o m m u n i c a t i o n
Measuring
Information
Society
Printed in Switzerland
Geneva, 2013
ISBN 978-92-61-14401-2
Photo credits: Shutterstock
the
*38501*
U n i o n
2013