civil分析设计原理（2010 08 17）

Part 1
midas Civil
........................................................................................................... 3
........................................................................................................... 4
........................................................................................................... 5
3.1 ............................................................................................................................ 5
3.1.1
.................................................................................................................. 5
3.1.2
....................................................................................... 5
3.1.3
.......................................................................................................... 6
3.1.4
...................................................................................................... 6
3.2 ........................................................................................................................ 8
3.2.1
.................................................................................................................. 8
3.2.2
....................................................................................... 8
3.2.3
.......................................................................................................... 8
3.2.4
...................................................................................................... 8
3.3 ................................................................................................................................ 8
3.3.1
.................................................................................................................. 8
3.3.2
.......................................................................................................... 9
3.3.3
.................................................................................................................. 9
3.4 ...................................................................................................................... 12
3.4.1
................................................................................................................ 12
3.4.2
..................................................................................... 12
3.4.3
................................................................................................................ 12
3.4.4
.................................................................................................... 13
3.5 .............................................................................................................................. 13
3.5.1
................................................................................................................ 13
3.5.2
..................................................................................... 13
3.5.3
................................................................................................................ 13
3.5.4
........................................................................................................ 14
3.6 .................................................................................................................. 15
3.6.1
................................................................................................................ 15
3.6.2
..................................................................................... 16
3.6.3
................................................................................................................ 17
3.6.4
............................................................................................................ 17
| 1
3.6.5
........................................................................................................ 19
3.6.6
.................................................................................................... 20
3.7 .................................................................................................................. 23
3.7.1
................................................................................................................ 23
3.7.2
..................................................................................... 23
3.7.3
................................................................................................................ 25
3.7.4
............................................................................................................ 25
3.7.5
........................................................................................................ 27
3.7.6
.................................................................................................... 28
3.8 ...................................................................................................................... 30
3.8.1
................................................................................................................ 30
3.8.2
..................................................................................... 31
3.8.3
................................................................................................................ 32
3.8.4
.................................................................................................... 32
3.9 .............................................................................................................................. 34
3.9.1
................................................................................................................ 34
3.9.2
..................................................................................... 35
3.9.3
........................................................................................................ 35
3.9.4
............................................................................................................ 36
3.9.5
........................................................................................................ 37
3.9.6
.................................................................................................... 38
3.10 ........................................................................................................................ 42
3.10.1
.............................................................................................................. 42
3.10.2
............................................................... 42
3.10.3
...................................................................................................... 43
3.10.4
.......................................................................................................... 44
3.10.5
...................................................................................................... 46
3.10.6
.................................................................................................. 48
......................................................................................... 52
4.1 .................................................................................. 54
4.2 .............................................................................................................................. 56
4.3 .................................................................................................................. 58
4.4 .................................................................................................................. 59
4.5 ...................................................................................................................... 59
4.6 .............................................................................................................................. 59
4.7 .......................................................................................................................... 60
4.8 .................................................................................................................. 61
5
..................................................................................................... 62
5.1 .......................................................................................................................... 63
2 |
5.2 .................................................................................................................. 63
5.3 ...................................................................................................................... 64
5.4 ...................................................................................................................... 70
5.5 ...................................................................................................................... 71
5.6 .......................................................................................................................... 72
5.7 ...................................................................................................... 73
6
................................................................................................................ 74
6.1 .......................................................................................................................... 74
6.2 .................................................................................................................. 74
6.3 .................................................................................................................. 76
6.4 ...................................................................................... 78
6.5 .................................................................................................................. 80
6.6 .................................................................................................................. 81
6.7 .................................................................................................................. 86
6.8 .................................................................................................................. 87
6.8.1
............................................................................................. 87
6.8.2
............................................................................................. 94
6.9 .......................................................................................................... 95
6.10 .......................................................................................................... 101
Part 2
midas Civil
....................................................................................................... 105
.............................................................................................................. 106
2.1 ................................................................................................................................ 106

2.2 ........................................................................................ 106
3
....................................................................................................... 108
3.1 .................................................................................................................... 108

3.2 .................................................................................................................... 112
3.3 ................................................................................................................ 115
3.4 ........................................................................................................................ 116
3.5 ........................................................................................................................ 117
3.5.1
.............................................................................................................. 117
3.5.2
................................................................................... 117
3.5.3 ......................................................................................... 119

4
...................................................................................................................... 120
4.1 ................................................................................................................................ 120

| 3
4.2 ........................................................................................................................ 121

4.3 ........................................................................................................................ 123
4.3.1
........................................... 124
4.3.2
................................................................... 125
4.4 ........................................................................................ 125

4.4.1
...................................................................................................................... 125
4.4.2
................................................... 127
4.5 ........................................................................................................................ 128

4.6 ................................................................................................................ 129
4.7 ............................................................................ 129
4.8 ........................................................................................ 129
5
.......................................................................................................... 131
................................................................................................... 135
6.1 .................................................................................................................... 135

6.2 .................................................................................................................... 137
6.3 ................................................................................................................ 139
7
.............................................................................................................. 141
.......................................................................................................... 144
8.1 ................................................................................................................................ 144

8.2 ............................................................................................................ 145
8.2.1
- ..................................................................................................... 146
8.2.2
.................................................................................................................. 147
8.3 P-DELTA ................................................................................................................... 149

8.4 .................................................................................................................... 151
8.4.1
...................................................................................................................... 151
8.4.2
.............................................................................................. 151
8.5 .................................................................................................... 152
4 |
8.5.1
.............................................................................................................. 152
8.5.2
................................................................................... 153
8.5.3
........................................................... 154
8.5.4
........................................................... 157
8.5.5
.............................................................................................................. 158
8.5.6
....................................................................................... 159
8.5.7
...................................................................................................... 159
8.5.8
...................................................................................................................... 164
8.5.9
.......................................................................................................................... 164
8.5.10
............................................................................................................ 165
8.5.11
.................................................................................................... 167
8.5.12
................................................................................................ 168
8.5.13
- ....................................................................................................... 170
8.5.14
- ....................................................................................................... 171
8.5.15
........................................................................................................ 172
8.6 ............................................................................................................ 172

8.6.1
.............................................................................................................. 172
8.6.2
.............................................................................................................. 175
8.6.3
.............................................................................................................. 175
8.6.4
.............................................................................................. 179
8.6.5
.............................................................................................................. 181
8.6.6
........................................................... 183
8.7 ............................................................................................................ 186

8.7.1
...................................................................................................................... 186
8.7.2
.............................................................................................................. 187
8.7.3
........................................................................................... 188
8.7.4
.......................................................................................................... 192
8.7.5
.......................................................................................................... 196
8.7.6
.............................................................................................................. 196
8.7.7
............................................................... 197
8.7.8
...................................................................................................... 210
8.7.9
Pushover .......................................................... 214
8.7.10
............................................................................................ 218
8.7.11
............................................................................. 220
8.7.12
Pushover ............................................................................................ 221
................................................................................................... 222
9.1 ................................................................................................................................ 222

9.1.1
............................................................................... 222
9.1.2
.................................................................................................................. 224
9.1.3
...................................................................................................... 225
9.1.4
....................................................................................... 226
9.1.5
- ..................................................................................................... 226
9.2 .................................................................................................................... 227

9.2.1
...................................................................................................... 227
9.2.2
........................................................................................... 231
9.2.3
.................................................................................................. 232
9.3 .................................................................................................... 232

9.3.1
...................................................................................................... 232
9.3.2
.............................................................................................. 234
9.4 ................................................................................................................ 235

| 5
9.4.1
....................................................................................... 236
9.4.2
........................................................................................... 237
9.4.3
........................................................................................... 238
9.4.4
....................................................................................... 239
9.4.5
.............................................................................................. 240
9.4.6
....................................................................................... 241
9.4.7
....................................................................................... 242
9.4.8
....................................................................................... 245
9.4.9
............................................................................... 246
9.4.10
............................................................................. 248
9.4.11
..................................................................................... 249
9.4.12
..................................................................................... 249
9.4.13
..................................................................................... 250
9.4.14
..................................................................................... 252
9.4.15
..................................................................................... 253
9.4.16
- ............................................................................... 254
9.4.17
- ................................................................................... 255
9.5 .................................................................................................................... 256

9.5.1
...................................................................................................... 257
9.5.2
P-M P-M-M ..................................................................................... 258
9.5.3
.......................................................................................................... 259
9.6 ........................................................................................................................ 261

9.6.1
.............................................................................................. 265
9.6.2
........................................................................................... 267
10
..................................................................................................... 274
10.1 .............................................................................................................................. 274

10.2 .............................................................................................................. 274
10.2.1
........................................................................................................ 275
10.2.2
................................................................................................ 278
10.2.3
........................................................................................................ 280
10.2.4
..................................................................................... 280
10.3 .............................................................................................. 281

10.4 .................................................................................................. 283
10.4.1
.................................................................................................... 283
10.4.2
.................................................................................................... 284
10.5 .................................................................................................. 284
6 |
10.5.1
() ...................................... 285
10.5.2
............................................................................................ 285
10.5.3
................................................................................................ 287
10.5.4
......................................................... 287
10.5.5
() .................................................. 288
11
........................................................................................................ 290
11.1 .................................................................................................................. 290

11.1.1
.................................................................................................................... 290
11.1.2
.................................................................................................................... 291
11.1.3
.................................................................................................................... 291
11.1.4
.................................................................................................................... 292
11.1.5
............................................................................................................ 292
11.1.6
............................................................................................................ 292
11.1.7
............................................................................................................ 292
11.2 .................................................................................................................. 293

11.2.1
......................................................................................... 293
11.2.2
......................................... 295
11.2.3
............................................................................. 296
11.2.4
................................................................................................ 296
11.2.5
................................................................................................ 296
11.3 .......................................................................................................... 296

12
PSC ...................................................................................................... 299
12.1 ...................................................................................................... 299

12.2 .............................................................................................................. 300
12.2.1
l1 .................................... 300
12.2.2
l2 ................................ 301
12.2.3
l4 ............................................................ 302
12.2.4
l5 ................................................ 303
12.2.5
l6 .................................................... 306
12.3 .................................................................................................................. 306

13
..................................................................................................... 308
13.1 .............................................................................................................. 309

13.1.1
.................................................................................................................... 309
13.1.2
................................................................................................................ 310
13.2 .............................................................................................. 311

13.3 .......................................................................................................... 317
13.4 .......................................................................................................... 318
13.5 .......................................................................................... 318
13.6 ...................................................................................................................... 318
14
..................................................................................................... 319
| 7
15
......................................................................................... 320
16
...................................................................... 321
Part3
1
midas Civil
RC ......................................................................................... 327
1.1 RC ................................................................................................. 327

1.1.1
- ............................................................................. 327
1.1.2
- ............................................................................. 329
1.1.3
-.................................................................. 331
1.1.4
- ................................................................................. 332
1.1.5
- ......................................................................................... 335
1.1.6
- ......................................................................................... 336
1.1.7
- ............................................................................. 337
1.1.8
- ............................................................................. 341
1.1.9
- ......................................................................................... 345
1.1.10
- ............................................................................... 350
1.1.11
- ....................................................................................... 354
1.1.12
-/ .......................................... 355
1.1.13
-/ .......................................... 358
1.2 RC ......................................................................................................... 360

1.3 RC ................................................................................................. 364
2
PSC ........................................................... 370
2.1 PSC ................................................................................................ 370

2.1.1
................................................................................... 370
2.1.2
................................................................................... 372
2.1.3
................................................................................... 374
2.1.4
................................................................................... 376
2.1.5
............................................................................... 377
2.1.6
........................................................................... 378
2.1.7
....................................................................................... 379
2.1.8
...................................................................................................... 381
2.1.9
.............................................................................................. 382
2.1.10
................................................................................. 383
2.1.11
................................................................................ 385
2.1.12
............................................................................................ 388
2.1.13
............................................................................................ 390
2.2 PSC ........................................................................................................ 393

8 |
2.3 PSC ................................................................................................. 396

3
............................................................................................... 400
3.1 ........................................................................................ 400

3.1.1
...................................................................................................... 400
3.1.2
...................................................................................................... 402
3.1.3
...................................................................................................... 403
3.1.4
.............................................................................................. 404
3.1.5
.............................................................................................. 406
3.1.6
.............................................................................................. 408
3.1.7
.............................................................................................. 410
3.1.8
................................................................................... 411
3.1.9
....................................................................... 412
3.1.10
......................................................... 414
3.1.11
............................................................. 416
3.1.12
................................................................. 418
3.1.13
..................................................................... 419
3.1.14
............................................................................................ 420
3.2 ................................................................................................ 421

3.3 ........................................................................................ 427
4
RC ........................................................................ 434
4.1 RC ................................................................................................. 434

4.1.1
- ......................................................................................... 434
4.1.2
- ..................................................................................... 436
4.1.3
- ............................................................................................. 437
4.1.4
- ................................................................................................. 438
4.1.5
- ......................................................................................... 440
4.1.6
- ......................................................................................... 441
4.1.7
- ......................................................................................... 442
4.1.8
- ..................................................................................... 444
4.1.9
- ............................................................................................. 445
4.1.10
- ........................................................................................... 446
4.1.11
- ............................................................................................... 447
4.1.12
- ................................................................................................... 449
4.2 RC ......................................................................................................... 450

4.3 RC ................................................................................................. 453
5
PSC ...................................................................... 458
5.1 PSC ........................................................................................ 458

5.1.1
- ................................................................................................. 458
| 9
5.1.2
- ............................................................................................. 460
5.1.3
- ............................................................................................. 462
5.1.4
- ..................................................................... 464
5.1.5
- ..................................................................... 466
5.1.6
-.................................................................. 468
5.1.7
-.............................................................. 469
5.1.8
- .......................................................... 471
5.1.9
-.................................................................. 473
5.1.10
- ....................................................................... 474
5.1.11
- .................................................... 476
5.1.12
- .................................................... 476
5.1.13
- ............................................................................................... 479
5.1.14
- ................................................................................... 480
5.1.15
- ................................................................................... 483
5.1.16
- ................................................................... 485
5.1.17
- ............................................................... 487
5.1.18
- ........................................................... 488
5.1.19
- ............................................................... 489
5.1.20
- .................................................... 490
5.1.21
- .................................................... 491
5.2 PSC ........................................................................................................ 492

5.3 PSC ................................................................................................ 495
6
............................................................................................... 501
6.1 ........................................................................................ 501

6.1.1
....................................................................................... 501
6.1.2
........................................................................................... 503
6.1.3
........................................................................................... 504
6.1.4
.................................................................................................. 505
6.1.5
.................................................................................................. 506
6.1.6
........................................................................... 507
6.2 ................................................................................................ 508

6.3 ........................................................................................ 512
10 |
Part1
Part 1
midas Civil
midas Civil
| 1
2 |
Finite Element
| 3
midas Civil
1
(Global Coordinate System)
(Element Coordinate System)
(Node local Coordinate System)
X Y Z
(Conventional Cartesian Coordinate System) XYZ
midas Civil
X=0Y=0Z=0
Z
Z
xyz
xyz
xyz
xyz
(Xi, Yi, Zi)
1.2.1
4 |
midas Civil
1
2
3
4
5/
6
7
8
9
10
3.1
3.1.1
2
(Space Truss)(Diagonal Brace)
3.1.2
x yz

| 5
midas Civil yz
x N1 N2
1.3.1 x Z X
z x
x Z
Z x-z
N1X
X
N1Y
Y
N1 Z
Z
GCS -
a x Z
GCS-
b x Z
1.3.1
3.1.3
3.1.4
6 |
1.3.2 +
y
Axial Force
Axial Force
1.3.2
1.3.3
Civil
| 7
3.2
3.2.1
=0
>0
(b)
1.3.4
3.2.2
3.2.3
3.2.4
3.3
3.3.1
8 |
1.3.5
3.3.2
(sag)
K comb
1.3.1
EA
2 L2 EA
L 1
12T 3
1.3.2
EA
12T 3
K sag 2 3
L
L
1.3.3
K comb
K elastic
1/ K sag
1
1/ K elastic
E
A
L
w
T
3.3.3
midas Civil
1.3.6 i 123, j 45
0
0
0
0
0
0
6 F 1F 2F 3F 4F 5F 6 F1F2F3F4 F5F6
F4 F1
1.3.4
| 9
F5 F2
F6 F3 w0l0 w0=w
1.3.5
1.3.6
lx lx0 D1 D4 f (F1, F2 , F3 )
1.3.7
l y l y 0 2 5 g ( F1 , F2 , F3 )
1.3.8
lz lz 0 D3 D6 h(F1, F2 , F3 )
1.3.9
1.3.6
([F])
([K])
10 |
dlx =
f
f
f
d F1 +
d F2 +
d F3
F1
F2
F3
dl y
g
g
g
dF1
dF2
dF3
F1
F2
F3
dlz
h
h
h
dF1
dF2
dF3
F1
F2
F3
1.3.10
F1
dl
dF
x
1
dl y F dF2 F
dl
dF
F1
z
3
h
F1
f
F2
g
F2
h
F2
F3
f11
g
f 21
F3
f 31
h
F3
f12
f 22
f 32
f13
f 23
f 33
dF1
dlx

-1
dF2 K dl y (K=F )
dF
dl
3
z
1.3.11
1.3.12
f11
L
F2
f
1
0 ln F3 wL0 B ln F3 A 1
F1
EA0 w
w
1
1
2
2
B F3 wL0 B A F3 A
1.3.13
f12
FF
f
1 2
F2
w
f13
1
1
2
2
B F3 wL0 B A F3 A
F A
F F wL0 B
f
1 2 3
23
F3
w B F3 wL0 B A F3 A
f 21
f 22
g
f12
F1
L
F2
g
1
0 ln F3 wL0 B ln F3 A 2
F2
EA0 w
w
1.3.14
1.3.15
1.3.16
1
1
2
2
B F3 wL0 B A F3 A
1.3.17
F
g
2 f13
F3 F1
1.3.18
F 1 1
h
1
F1
w B A
1.3.19
F
h
2 f31
F2 F1
1.3.20
f 23
f 31
f32
| 11
f 33
L
h
1 F wL0 F3
0 3
F3
EA0 w
B
A
A F12 F22 F32 , B F12 F22 F3 wL0

1/2
1.3.21
2 1/2
dF KT d
1.3.22
1.3.23
F1

1
F2

1
F3
1
KT
F1
1
F
1
1
F
1
1
F1
2
F1
3
F1
4
F1
5
F2
2
F2
3
F2
4
F2
5
F3
2
F3
3
F3
4
F3
5
F1
2
F1
3
F1
4
F1
5
F2
2
F2
3
F2
4
F2
5
F3
2
F3
3
F3
4
F3
5
F1
6
F2
6
F3
6 Fii
F1 Fii
6
F
2
6
F
3
6
Fij
Fij
1.3.24
3.4
3.4.1
(Cap Distance)
3.4.2
3.4.3
12 |
3.4.4
>0
=0
a
1.3.7
b)
3.5
3.5.1
midas Civil
x (Linear Variation) x 1
2 3
3.5.2
3.5.3
| 13
3.5.4
1.3.8 +
Shearz
Momentz
x
Axial Force
Torque
Momenty
Sheary
3/4
2/4
Sheary
1/4
Momenty
Torque
Axial Force
Momentz
Shearz
* +
1.3.8
14 |
1.3.9
3.6
3.6.1
3 4
Isoparametric Plan Stress

Formulation with Incompatible Modes)
(Poisson Effects)
| 15
3.6.2
xy
xyz
1.3.10
N1N2N3N4
z N1 N4
N2 N3 x
x y
N1N2 x
yz
z
(N1N2N3N4)
y
x
x
(N1 N2)
a
z
(N1N2N3)
y
x
x
(N1 N2)
b
1.3.10
16 |
3.6.3
P2
P2
N4
N1
P2
N3
N2
P2
1.3.11
3.6.4
1. 3
1/31/3
N3
1 1
P ,
3 3
P
N1
x
1.3.12
N2
N1 1 N 2 N3
| 17
i 1
x p Ni xi , y p Ni yi
1.3.25
1/3 1/3
3
1
1
1
1 1
x p Ni xi 1 x1 x2 x3 x1 x2 x3
3
3
3
3 3
i 1
yp
1
y1 y2 y3
3
1.3.26
1.3.27
2. 4
4 Pi
N3
N4
P3
P4
1
1
P1
,
3
3
1
1
P2
,
3
3
1
3
1 1
P3
,
3 3
1 1
P4
,
3 3
P1
P2
N1
1
3
1.3.13
1
3
1
3
N2
N1
1
1
1
1
1 1 , N2 1 1 , N3 1 1 , N4 1 1
4
4
4
4
1.3.28
Pi
P1 x
4
x p1 Ni xi
i 1
1
2 3 x1 x2 2 3 x3 x4
18 |
1.3.29
3.6.5
2 3
1
2 3
1 x1
2 3
1
2 3 x2
1
xp

6
2 3
1 x3

2 3 x4
symmetry
1.3.30
2 3
1
2 3
1 y1
2 3
1
2 3 y2
1
yp

6
2 3
1 y3

2 3 y4
symmetry
1.3.31
1
1
t 1
t 1
1
1.3.14
1
s 1
s 1
4
s
, t 3
1.3.32
| 19
N Ni i
i 1, 2, 3, 4
1.3.33
1
4
1
N1 Ni i 1 3 1 3 1 1 3 1 3 2
i 1

1
4 2 3
4

4 2 3
1 3 1 3 3 1 3 1 3 4
2 2
1.3.34
2 4
2 3
1
2 3
1 1
N 1

2 3
1
2 3 2
N2 1

2 3
1 3
N 3 2
N 4

2 3 4
3.6.6
1.3.35
(Gauss Point)
(Extrapolation)
1.3.15 +
1.3.16 +
20 |
Fy3
Fx1
Fy1
Fy2
a
b
1.3.15
* +
xy
xy
x
xy
xy
y
a
x x
y y
xy x-y
| 21
x : x
y : y
xy : x-y
1 : =
2 : =
x + y
2
x + y
2
x y
2
+
+ xy
2
x y
2

+ xy
2
x y
2
max : =
+ xy
2
: x
2
eff : von-Mises Stress = (12 1 2 + 2 2 )
1.3.16
1.3.17
22 |
3.7
3.7.1
(Dam)(Tunnel)
(Isoparametric Plane Strain Formulation with Incompatible Models)
midas Civil x-z 1.0()

1.3.18
(Poisson Effects)
1.0
1.3.18
3.7.2
XZ
xyz
1.3.19
N1N2N3N4
z N1 N4
N2 N3 x
x y
| 23
N1N2
x yz
* +
y
x
(N1N2N3N4)
y
x
(N1N2N3)
z
x
N1N2
b
1.3.19
24 |
3.7.3
1.3.20
P2
P2
N1
P2
N3
N4
N2
P2
1.3.20
3.7.4
13
1/31/3
N3
1 1
P ,
3 3
P
N1
x
1.3.21
N2
3
| 25
N1 1 N 2 N3
x p Ni xi
i 1
, z p Ni zi
1.3.36
1/ 3 1/ 3
3
1 1
1
1
1
3 3
3
3
3
i 1
zp
1
z1 z2 z3
3
1.3.37
1.3.38
24
4 Pi
N3
N4
P3
P4
1
3
P1
P2
N1
1
3
1.3.22
1
3
1
3
1
1
P1
,
3
3
1
1
P2
,
3
3
1 1
P3
,
3 3
1 1
P4
,
3 3
N2
N1
1
1
1 1 , N2 1 1
4
4
N3
1
1
1 1 , N4 1 1
4
4
1.3.39
Pi
P1 x
26 |
x p1 Ni xi
i 1
1
2 3 x1 x2 2 3 x3 x4
1.3.40
2 3
1
2 3
1 x1
2 3
1
2 3 x2
1
xp

6
2 3
1 x3

2 3 x4
symmetry
3.7.5
1.3.41
1
1
t 1
t 1
1.3.23
1
s 1
s 1
4
s
, t 3
1.3.42
N Ni i
1.3.43
i 1
| 27
1
N 1 Ni i 1 3 1 3 1 1 3 1 3 2
4
i 1

1
4 2 3 2 4 2 3
4
1 3 1 3 3 1 3 1 3 4
1.3.44
2 4
2 3
1
2 3
1 1
N 1

2 3
1
2 3 2
N2 1

2 3
1 3
N 3 2
N 4

2 3 4
1.3.45
3.7.6
1.3.24 Segment
(Gauss Point)
(Extrapolation)

1.3.19 +

1.3.24 +
y
xx
xy
z
zz
yy
yx
zz
yx
yy
y
3
xy
xx
28 |
3
b
1
x
xx : x
yy : y
zz : z
xy yx : x-y
1, 2, 3 : 1
23
, - I 1 - I 2 - I 3 = 0
3
I 1 = xx yy zz
I2 =
xx
xy
xy
yy
xx
xz
xz
zz
yy
yz
yz
zz
xx
xy
xz
I 3 xy
yy
yz , xz zy 0
xz
yz
zz
: x-y1x
1 2 2 3 3 1
,
,
2
2
2
max : = max
eff : von-Mises Stress
( 1 2 ) 2 ( 2 3 ) 2 ( 3 1 ) 2
oct : Octahedral Normal Stress
oct : Octahedral Shear Stress
1.3.24
( 1 + 2 + 3 )
( 1 2 ) 2 ( 2 3 ) 2 ( 3 1 ) 2
| 29
1.3.25
3.8
3.8.1
(
)(Isoparametric
Formulation)
3 2
midas Civil Z
X-Z Z X
X (X0)
1 1.3.25
(XY, YZ) (XY, YZ)

Z
1.0
1.3.26
30 |
3.8.2
XZ
xyz
1.3.26
N1N2N3N4
z N1 N4
N2 N3 x
x y
N1N2 x
y z
*
+
y
x FZ3
FZ4
FX3
FX4
(N1N2N3N4)
x
z
FX1
FX2
FZ1
FZ2
a
FZ3
y
x
FX3
(N1N2N3)
z
x
N1N2
FX1
FX2
FZ1
FZ2
b
1.3.27
| 31
3.8.3
1.3.28
P2
P2
3
N4
N1
P2
N3
N2
P2
1.3.28
3.8.4
1.3.29 Segment
(Gauss Point)
(Extrapolation)

1.3.27 +

1.3.29 +
*
32 |
zz
xy
yy
yx
zz
xx
xy
xx
yx
yy
xx : x
yy : y
zz : z
xy yx : x-y
1, 2, 3 : 1
23
, - I 1 - I 2 - I 3 = 0
3
I 1 = xx yy zz
I2 =
xx
xy
xy
yy
xx
xz
xz
zz
yy
yz
yz
zz
xx
xy
xz
I 3 xy
yy
yz , yz zx 0
xz
yz
zz
: x-y1x
1 2 2 3 3 1
,
,
2
2
2
max : = max
( 1 2 ) 2 ( 2 3 ) 2 ( 3 1 ) 2
1.3.29
( 1 + 2 + 3 )
( 1 2 ) 2 ( 2 3 ) 2 ( 3 1 ) 2
| 33
1.3.30
3.9
3.9.1
3 4 Plate Element)
midas Civil DKT/DKQ(Discrete Kichhoff Element)

DKMT/DKMQ(Discrete Kirchhoff-Mindlin Element)
Kirchhoff Plate Theory Mindlin-Reissner Plate Theory
LST(Linear Strain Triangle)

(Isoparametric Plane Stress
(Isoparametric Plane Stress Formulation

with Incompatible Modes)
Allman
(In-plane Stiffness)
(Out-of-Plane-Stiffness)
34 |
3.9.2
xyz
xy
xyz
1.3.31
3.9.3
(N1N2N3N4)
y
x
x
(N1 N2)
a
z
(N1N2N3)
y
x
x
(N1 N2)
b
1.3.31
| 35
3.9.4
13
1/31/3
N3
1 1
P ,
3 3
P
N1
N2
1.3.32
N1 1 N 2 N3
x p Ni xi
i 1
, y p Ni yi
1.3.46
1/3 1/3
3
1 1
1
1
1
3
3
3
3
3
i 1
yp
1
y1 y2 y3
3
1.3.48
24
4 Pi
N3
N4
P3
P4
1
3
P1
P2
N1
1
3
1.3.33
36 |
1
3
1
3
1.3.47
1
1
P1
,
3
3
1
1
P2
,
3
3
1 1
P3
,
3 3
1 1
P4
,
3 3
N2
N1
1
1
1
1
1 1 , N2 1 1 , N3 1 1 , N4 1 1 1.3.49
4
4
4
4
Pi
P1 x
4
x p1 Ni xi
i 1
1
2 3 x1 x2 2 3 x3 x4
1.3.50
3.9.5
2 3
1
2 3
1 x1
2 3
1
2 3 x2
1
xp

6
2 3
1 x3

2 3 x4
symmetry
1.3.51
2 3
1
2 3
1 y1
2 3
1
2 3 y2
1
yp

6
2 3
1 y3

2 3 y4
symmetry
1.3.52
1
1
t 1
t 1
1.3.34
1
s 1
s 1
4
| 37
, t 3
1.3.53
N Ni i
i 1, 2, 3, 4
1.3.54
1
4
1
N 1 Ni i 1 3 1 3 1 1 3 1 3 2
i 1

1
4 2 3 2 4 2 3
4
1 3 1 3 3 1 3 1 3 4
1.3.55
2 4
2 3
1
2 3
1 1
N 1

2 3
1
2 3 2
N2 1

2 3
1 3
N 3 2
N 4

2 3 4
3.9.6
1.3.56
(Gauss Point)
(Extrapolation)

1.3.35 +

38 |
1.3.36
+

(Top Surface)
(Bottom Surface) 1.3.37 +
* +
Fz4
Fy4
Fx4
Mx4
M y4
N4
Fz 3
Fz1
My3 Fy3
Fx1 Mx1
N3
N1
Mx3 Fx3
Fy1 My1
Fz2
M x2
Fy 2
Mx2
N2
Fx 2
(a)
Fz3
M x3
My3
Fx3
Fz1
Fy 3
y
N3 z
Mx1
Fx1
Fy1
Fz2
N1
My1
M x2
M y2
Fy2
N2
Fx2
(b)
1.3.35
* +
N4
N3
N3
N1
N1
x
x
N2
N2
a
| 39
c
1.3.36
* +
xy
xy
x
xy
xy
y
b
40 |
x : x
y : y
xy : x-y
1 : =
2 : =
x + y
2
x + y
2
x y
2
+ xy
2
2
x y
2

+ xy
2
2
x y
2
: =
+ xy
2
max
: x
eff : von-Mises Stress =
1.3.37
( 1 1 2 + 2 )
2
1.3.38
| 41
3.10
3.10.1
4 6 8 (Solid
Element)(Solid Structure)(Thick
Shell)
(Isoparametric Formulation with Incompatible

Modes)
3.10.2
5
6
4
1
a8 Hexahedron
2(N4N5
N6)
1N1N2
N3
b6 Wedge
1.3.39
42 |
b4 Tetrahedron
XYZ
xyz
1
1.3.39 4 6
8
3.10.3
1.3.40
* +
2
1.3.40
| 43
3.10.4
14
1/41/41/4
N4
N3
N1 1
N2
N1
N3
N2
1 1 1
P , ,
4 4 4
1.3.41
N4
P
4
1 1 1
1
1
1
1
x p Ni xi 1 x1 x2 x3 x4 x1 x2 x3 x4 1.3.57
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
i 1
4
y p Ni yi
i 1
1
y1 y2 y3 y4
4
26
6 Pi
1 1
P1 , ,
6 6
2 1
P2 , ,
3 6
N4
N5
P4
P5
P6
1
3
N6
z
x
P1
y
P2
N1
N2
1.3.42
1
44 |
P3
1
3
3
1
3
1
1 2
P3 , ,
3
6 3
1 1 1
P4 , ,
6 6 3
2 1 1
P5 , ,
3 6 3
1.3.58
N1
N4
(1 )
N2
(1 )
( 1 ) N3
N5
( 1 ) N6
( 1 )
1.3.59
( 1 )
P1
6
x p1 N i xi
i 1

3 x 3 3 x 3 3 x
1
12 4 3 x1 3 3 x2 3 3 x3
36
12 4
1.3.60
12 4 3 3 3
3 3 12 4 3 3 3
3 3 x
1
12 4 3 3 3
3 3 12 4 3 3 3 x2

12 4 3 3 3
3 3 12 4 3 x3
1
xp
x 1.3.61
36
12
4
3
3
3
3
12 4 3 3 3 x5
x

symmetry
12 4 3 6
38
8 Pi
1
1
1
P1
,
,
3
3
3
1
1
1
P2
,
,
3
3
3
N8
N7

N5
P7
P8
1
3
N6
P5
P6

P4
P3
N4
P1
1
3
N3
N1
1

3
P2
3
N2
1.3.43
1
3
1
3
1
1 1
P3
,
,
3
3 3
1
1 1
P4
,
,
3 3
3
1 1
1
P5
,
,
3
3 3
1 1
1
P6
,
,
3 3
3
1 1 1
P7
,
,
3 3 3
1 1 1
P8
,
,
3 3 3
| 45
1
1 1 1
8
1
N3 1 1 1
8
1
N5 1 1 1
8
1
N 7 1 1 1
8
1
1 1 1
8
1
N 4 1 1 1
8
1
N 6 1 1 1
8
1
N8 1 1 1
8
N1
N2
1.3.62
P1
8
x p1 Ni xi
i 1
1
9 5 3 x1 3 3 x2 3 3 x3 3 3 x4
36
3 3 x5 3 3 x6 9 5 3 x7 3 3 x8
1.3.63
95 3
3 3 3 3 3
95 3 3 3 3
95 3 3
95
1
xp
36
symmetry
3 3
x1
3 9 5 3 x
2
3 3 3 x3

3 3 3 x4

3 3 3 x5

3 3 3 x6
x
3 3 3 7

x8
9 5 3
3 3
3 3
9 5 3
3 3
3 3
95 3
3 3
3 3
95 3
95 3
3 3
95 3
3
95
1.3.64
3.10.5
46 |
2 1 , s 2 , t 2 , u 3
6
6
6
1.3.65
1
3
u
P1
P2
P3
1.3.44
N Ni i
1.3.66
i 1

5 1 3 1 3 1 3
6
1
N 1 N i i 5 1 3 1 1 3 2 1 3 3
6
i 1
4
1.3.67
5 5 3 1 3
N 1

55 3
N
2
N 3
1
N4 6
N 5
N 6
1 3
55 3
1 3
1 3
1 3
55 3
55 3
1 3
1 3
55 3
1 3
55 3
1 3
1
1 3 2

5 5 3
3
1.3.68
1 3 4

1 3 5

5 5 3 6
| 47
1
1
t 1
t 1
1
s 1
1.3.45
s 1
t 3 , u
1.3.69
8
1
N1 Ni i 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 1 3 1 3 1 3 2
8
i 1

1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3
1.3.70
1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3
1
10 6 3 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 3
8
2 2 3 2 2 3 10 6 3 2 2 3
1 3 1 3 1 3 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 4
5 3 3
N 1
N
2
N 3
N4 1
N 5 4
N 6
N 7
N8
3.10.6
48 |
1 3
1 3
1 3
1 3
1 3
53 3
1 3
1 3
1 3
1 3
53 3
1 3
53 3
1 3
53 3
1 3
53 3
53 3
1 3
53 3
1 3
1
1 3 5 3 3
2
1 3 1 3 3

1 3 1 3 4
1.3.71
1 3 1 3 5

1 3 1 3 6

5 3 3 1 3 7

8
5 3 3
53 3
(Gauss Point)
(Extrapolation )

1.3.46 +

1.3.47 +
* +
1.3.46
| 49
xx : x
yy : y
zz : z
xz zx : x-z
xy yx : x-y
yz zy : y -z
1, 2, 3 : 1
23
, - I 1 - I 2 - I 3 = 0
3
I 1 = xx yy zz
I2 =
xy
xy
yy
xx
xz
xz
zz
xy
xz
I 3 xy
yy
yz
xz
yz
zz
yy
yz
yz
zz
, ,
2
2
2
1
( ) ( ) ( )
2
2
1.3.47
xx
max : = max
50 |
xx
( 1 + 2 + 3 )
( ) ( ) ( )
2
1.3.48
| 51
(Local Mode)

(Preliminary Design Phase)
(Contour)
52 |

(Logarithmic Configuration)
1/2
4 8
11 14
110
90
60
45 135
30 150

1/100
| 53
4.1
(Sagging)(Wind
Bracing)
(Contact Element)
(Pretension Loads)
(Singular Error)midas Civil
1.4.1
1.4.1a
1.4.1b 1.4.1c
a X-Z
b Y-Z
c Y-Z
1.4.1
54 |
a
1.4.2
1.4.2(a)
0 1.4.2(b)
b
1.4.3
1.4.3a
1.4.3b
| 55
midas Civil
1/100~1/1000 1/1000
P-Delta Pushover
4.2
(Tapered Member)
6
Timoshenko Beam Theory
1/5
(Torsional Resistance)(Polar Moment of Inertia)
(Panel Zone)
(Pin Connection)(Slot Hole)

(Beam End Release)
(Singular Error)
56 |
a(Pin Connection)
b(Slot Hole)
c(Pin Connection)
d
1.4.4
(Beam End Release)
(Rigid Beam)
5
8
10 ~10
1.4.4
()
| 57
(Pin Connection)
(Singular Error)
(Beam End Release)
4.3
1.4.5
1.4.5
midas Civil
Aspect Ratio
1
90
58 |
4.4
(Dam)(Tunnel)
(Poisson Effect)
4.5
4.6
midas Civil
DKTDKQ(Discrete Kichhoff Element) DKMTDKMQ(Discrete KirchhoffMindlin Element) Euler-Bernoulli Beam
Timoshenko Beam
| 59
LST(Linear Strain Triangle)

(Isoparametric Plane Stress
(In-plane Stiffness)
(Out-of-Plane-Stiffness)
1.4.6
4
10 23
2%
10
4.7
XYZ
60 |
midas Civil
Aspect Ratio
1
90
4.8
2
x
xy
xyz
3
xy
Ex
yx
Ey
xz
Ex
zx
Ez
yz
Ey
zy
Ez
1.4.1
1 xy
2 xy
| 61
>>>>
1.5.1
midas Civil
1
2
3
midas Civil
62 |
5.1
Area dA A1 A2 A3
(300 15) (573 10) (320 12)
14070
1.5.1
5.2
y z
MIDAT/Civil
1.5.2
Asy y
Asz z
| 63
1.5.2
1. L
2.
5
Asy B t f
6
Asy
5
Asz H tw
6
5
(2 B t f )
6
Asz H t w
3. I
4. T
Asy
5
(2 B t f )
6
Asy
Asz H t w
5
(B t f )
6
Asz H t w
5.
6.
Asy 2 B t f
Asy r t w
Asz 2 H t w
Asz r t w
7.
8.
5
Asy BH
6
Asy 0.9 r 2
Asz 0.9 r 2
5.3
5
Asz BH
6
(1.5.1)
GI xx
64 |
1.5.1
G
Ixx
T

(Polar Moment of Inertia)
(Open Section)(Close Section)
(1.5.2)
I xx ixx
16
b
b4
ixx ab3 3.36 1
ab
a 12a 4
3
1.5.2
ixx
2a
2b
(Tube)(1.5.3)( 1.5.2)
I xx
4 A2
/t
1.5.3
A
ds
t
| 65
: I xx
4 A2
d s / ts
: T
T
2 Ats
ts
1.5.2
(Tube)
(1.5.1)(1.5.3)
< 1.5.3>< 1.5.6>
1.5.3
(Solid Section)
1.
2.
1
I xx r 2
2
I xx 2.25a 4
3.
16
b
b4
I xx ab3 3.36 I
a 12a 4
3
(where,
66 |
ab
1.5.4
1.
2.
I xx
4
4
1 D D
I xx o i
2 2 2
2(b h) 2
b h

t f tw
1.5.5
1. L
I xx I1 I 2 D 4
1
b
b4
I1 ab3 0.21 1
a 12a 4
3
d
d 4
3 1
I 2 cd 0.105 1
c 192c 4
3
d
r
0.07 0.076
b
b
D 2 d b 3r 2 2r b 2r d
(where, b < 2(d + r))

I xx I1 I 2 D 4
2. T
1
b
b4
I1 ab3 0.21 1
a 12a 4
3
1
d
d 4
I 2 cd 3 0.105 1
c 192c 4
3
t
1
0.15 0.10
t
b
b r rd
2r b
2
IF b<d : t=b, t1=d

IF b>d : t=d, t1=b
d2
4
(where, d < 2(b + r))
3.
Angle 1
(Angle)
(Angle)
Angle2
Angle 2
4. I-
I xx 2 I1 I 2 2 D 4
Tee1
1
b
b4
I1 ab3 0.21 1
a 12a 4
3
1
I 2 cd 3
3
t
r
0.15 0.10
t1
b
D
IF b<d : t=b, t1=d

IF b>d : t=d, t1=b
b r rd
2r b
2
Tee2
d2
4
(where, d < 2(b + r))
| 67
1.5.6
1. L
I xx
1
h tw3 b t 3f
3
2.
I xx
1
h tw3 2 b t 3f
3
I xx
1
h tw3 2 b t 3f
3. I
4. T
I xx
1
h tw3 b t 3f
3
5.
I xx
3
3
1
h tw3 b1 t f 1 b2 t f 2
3
2 1
H (Double H-Section) 1.5.3(a)
()
68 |
IC
2(b1 h1 ) 2
b1 h1

t f tw
1.5.4
()
1
I O 2 2b b1 tw tw3
3
1.5.5
I xx IC IO
1.5.6
H 2 (Flat Bar) 1.5.3(b)
H (Flat Bar)
()(1.5.7)
I xx
2(b1 h1 ) 2
b1 h1

t f tw
1.5.7
| 69
b2
1.5.3
5.4
I yy z 2 dA
1.5.8
I zz y 2 dA
1.5.9
Ai
zi
10
40
10
20
1.5.4
70 |
Qyi
yi
Qzi
80
200
180
100
24
15.5
372
120
84
632
420
Ai
zi z
yi y
Qyi y
QZi z
( Z , Y )
Z
zdA
ydA
Area
Area
Qy
Area
632
7.5238
84
Qz
420
5.0000
Area
84
(Iyy, Izz )
Ai
Z zi
Iy1
Iy2
Iyy
Y yi
Iz1
Iz2
Izz
40
5.5328
1224.5
53.3
1277.8
333.3
333.3
20
1.4672
43.1
166.7
209.8
6.7
6.7
24
7.9762
1526.9
18.0
1544.9
128.0
128.0
2794.5
238.0
3032.5
468.0
468.0
I y1 Ai ( Z zi ) 2
I z1 Ai (Y yi )2 ,
I y2
bh3
12
Iz2
hb3
,
12
I yy I y1 I y 2
I zz I z1 I z 2
5.5
Q y zdA
1.5.10
Qz ydA
1.5.11
y z
| 71
y
z
Vy Qz
1.5.12
I zz bz
Vz Q y
1.5.13
I yy by
:
Vy y
Vz z
Iyy y
Izz z
by z
bz y
5.6
V y Qz
I zz bz
Vz Qy
I yy by
Qz
I zz bz
Vy
Qz
Vy
I Qzb Qzb b
zz
z
Vz Qy
z
Qyb Q
I yy by I yy
Vz Qy
I yy by
yb
Qy
by
Vz
Qyb
I yy
tw
1.5.5
72 |
1.5.14
1.5.15
1.5.16
Qy zdA ( B t f ) z
1.5.17
by t w
1.5.18
Qyb {( B t f ) z}/ tw
1.5.19
5.7
midas Civil -(SRC)
(Equivalent Sectional Properties)
0.8Ec
Areaeq Ast 1
Acon
REN
1.5.20
Aseq Asst 1
Es
Acon Ast 1 0.8
0.8Ec
Es
Ascon Asst 1 0.8
Ascon
REN
1.5.21
I eq I st 1
0.8Ec
Es
I con I st 1 0.8
I con
REN
1.5.22
Astl
Acon
Asstl
Ascon
Istl
Icon
REN (Es/Ec)
0.8
1.0
| 73
6.1
midas Civil
Constraint
(Spring support)
(Elastic Link)
Element end release

(Beam End Offset)
Rigid link
6.2
(Constraint)
(Singular Error)
1.6.1
1.6.1
74 |
X-Z
>> Y
X Z
N1 XZ ()
Y
N3 Z
N5 X
1.6.2
b H
1.6.2
1.6.2(a)
X
| 75
1.6.2b H
6.3
(Singular Error)
(Modulus of Subgrade Reaction)(Tributary Area)
midas Civil (Surface

Spring Supports)>>
a
76 |
K=
b
1.6.3
1.6.1
EA/H E
A H
EI/H
I H
(Coupled)
1.6.1
(KN/m3)
12000 ~ 24000
24000 ~ 48000
48000~ 112000
4800 ~ 16000
9600 ~ 80000
24000 ~ 48000
48000 ~ 96000
32000 ~ 80000
64000 ~ 130000
80000~ 190000
80000~ 190000
| 77
(Singular Error)
0.00010.001
midas Civil
6.4
(Winkler) midas Civil >

>
1
2
Winkler
L
x
2
1
kv v
q1
q2
y
1.6.4
U [ ]T [ ]dV [ v]kv [v]dV
U

78 |
1.6.1
V
v
kv ()
[ q] [ f ]
T
kv [ f ][q]dV [ q]T [ P]
1.6.2
kv [ f ]T [ f ]dV [q] [ P]
1.6.3
[ Kr ] [q] [ P]
1.6.4
[ K r ] kv [ f ]T [ f ]dV
1.6.5
P
f
q
Kr
L Winkler
156 22 L
2
kv L 22 L 4 L
[Kr ]
13L
420 54
2
13L 3L
13L
13L 3L2
156 22 L
22 L 4 L2
54
1.6.6
x q
3
2
3
3
2 2
3
1 2 x 3Lx L q1 Lx 2 L x L x 1
v y ( x) 3
L 2 x3 3Lx 2 q2 ( Lx3 L2 x 2 ) 2
1.6.7
Winkler
Winkler
| 79
V ( x) kv y ( x) dx
0
1 4
L 4 2 L2 3 L3 2
3
3
x
Lx
L
x
q
x x 1
1 x
3
2
kv 2
4
3
2
L
L
1
L
x 4 Lx3 q2 x 4 x3 2
4
3
2
1.6.8
M ( x) kv y ( x)( x x) dx kv x y ( x ) dx kv y ( x ) x dx
0
1 5
L 5 2 L2 4 L3 3
4
3 2
x
Lx
L
x
q
x x 1
1 x
3
2
kv 2
4
3
L 1 5
L
L2
x Lx 4 q2 x 5 x 4 2
3
2
1.6.9
2 5 3 L 4 L 2
L
2L 4 L 3
x x q1 x5
x x 1
x
4
2
4
3
kv 5
5
3
L
L
2
3L 4
L2
x5
x q2 x5 x 4 2
4
5
4
6.5
(Radian)
1.6.5
x
80 |
1.6.5
6.6
Lyi
Lyi c yi L
Lzi czi L
Lyj c yj L
Lzj czj L
kx
Lyj
ky
Lzi
Lzj
c yi c yj czi czj 1.0

joint i
kz
joint j
k x
z
y
k y
x
local coordinate axis
k z
1.6.6
/
1.6.6
| 81
>>
()()
1
2
Mu Cu Ceff u KS u p
1.6.10

u
u u
p
M
C
Ceff
Ks
1.6.2
82 |
1.6.2
1)
1)
1)
1)
2)
2)
2)
1)
1)
()
1)
2)
2)
()
2)
1)
1)
1)
2)
3)
()()
Ceff
1.6.11
Ceff
K
F KSu
| 83
F Ceff u K S u
b
1.6.7
1.6.3
F KSu
F KSu
F KSu
F KSu
F KSu
()
F KSu
F KSu
F Ceff u KS u
F KSu
()
F KSu
F Ceff u KS u
F KSu
F Ceff u KS u
1.6.7 1.6.3
>
84 |
y
Momenty
(-)
y
Lzj
Lzi
Sheary
(-)
Momenty
(+)
Axial
(-)
Shearz
Momentx
(-)
(-)
Sheary
(+)
Momentz
(-)
Axial
(+)
Momentx
(+)
Momentz
(+)
Lyi
Lyj
location of shear spring

in direction 3
Shearz
(+)
location of shear spring

in direction 2
Lyi L ij y
yj
Lzi Lzj ij z
1.6.8
2
1.6.9
z zj zi
y
Lyj zj
k z
zj
ky
Lyi zi
vj
zi
vi
j
Lyi
Lyj
Ly
q yi
Shear force
diagram
mzi
qy
mz
q yj
mzj
Bending moment
diagram
M
| 85
v j vi Lyj zj Lyi zi
v v j Lyj zj vi Lyi zi
qy k yv
k y v j vi Lyj zj Lyi zi
q yj q yi
mz k z z
k z ( zj zi )
mzj Lyj qzj
(mzi Lyi qzi )
mz j m
q yi
L
mzj mzi
q yj
L
z i
mzi mz L yi q yi
mzj mz L yj q yj
1.6.9
6.7
1.6.10 ()
86 |
4 Fx, My
4 My
b
1.6.10
34 Fx, My
34 My
6.8
()
midas Civil
1.6.11
1(Panel Zone)
2(Panel Zone)
midas Civil ()(Panel Zone)
6.8.1
L1 L ( Ri R j )
1.6.12
L Ri Rj (Rigid End Offset Length)

L1 (Rigid Zone
Deformation)
midas Civil (Offset Factor)
L1 L Z F ( Ri R j )
1.6.13
ZF
| 87
01
() L
b
1.6.11
c
()
midas Civil >>
Z XY
(ZF (Ri +Rj))

88 |
(
)
1.0
0.0
(L1 = L - ZF (Ri +Rj))

( 1.6.12)
(Rigid End
Offset Length)
( L1 = L - (Ri +Rj))
( 1.66)
( L1 = L - (Ri +Rj))
(L1 = L - ZF (Ri +Rj))
1.0
(Beam End Release Condition)
( 1.6.12)
1.6.15
y z
1.6.16
RCy=BDcos2
RCz=BDsin2
| 89
RCy y ()
RCz z ()
BD
z
( Z )
1.00
L 1.00 ( A B)
L 0.75 ( A B)
L 0.50 ( A B)
L 0.25 ( A B)
L 0.00 ( A B)
0.75
0.50
0.25
0.00
c ( B=0)
1.6.12
90 |
Li = 1.0 Ri ()
Li=ZF Ri ()
Lj = 1.0 Rj ()
Lj=ZF Rj ()
Ri
: i
ZF
: Offset Factor
V1, V2
Rj
: j
M1, M2 :
V3, V4
1.6.13
| 91
LR = 1.0 R
LR = ZF R
R
V1V2
M1M2:
V3
1.6.14
b
1.6.15
92 |
1 : BD 250
RC z 250 sin 2 0 0.0
RC y cos 2 0 250.0
2 : BD 200 40 RC z 200 sin 2 40 82.6
RC y 200 cos 2 0 117.4
3 : BD 150 90
RC y 150 cos 2 90 0.0
RC z 150 sin 2 90 150
RC y MAX(250.0,117.4, 0.0) 250.0

BD
RC z MAX(0.0,82.6,150.0) 150.0
RCz
RCy
1.6.16
-( 1.6.17)
RB
Depth cos2 Width sin 2
2
2
(1.6.14)
Depth z
Width y
| 93
2
2
1.6.17
x
i
= 150, =100, = 40
i =
150 cos 2 0 100 sin 2 0
75.0
2
2
j =
150 cos 2 40 100 sin 2 40
64.7
2
2
1.6.18
6.8.2
1 XYZ
2 x
94 |
( 1.6.11(b)(c))
1.0
6.9
(>>)
1
2
3
4
U Xs U Xm RYm Z RZm Y
U Ys U Ym RZm X RXm Z
(1.6.15)
RZs RZm RXm Y RYm X
RXs RXm
RYs RYm
(1.6.16)
RZs RZm
, X = Xm - Xs, Y = Ym - Ys, Z = Zm - Zs
ms UxUyUz
XYZ RxRyRz XYZ
XmYmZm XsYsZs
| 95
X-Y Y-Z Z-X
X-Y
U Xs U Xm RZm Y
U Ys U Ym RZm X
(1.6.17)
RZs RZm
Y-Z
U Ys U Ym RXm Z
U Zs U Zm RXm Y
(1.6.18)
RXs RXm
Z-X
U Zs U Zm RYm X
U Xs U Xm RYm Z
(1.6.19)
RYs RYm
XYZ
U Xs U Xm
(1.6.20)
UYs UYm
(1.6.21)
U Zs U Zm
(1.6.22)
XYZ
96 |
RXs RXm
(1.6.23)
RYs RYm
(1.6.24)
RZs RZm
(1.6.25)
(
)(Rigid Diaphragm
Action)
1 2
1.6.19
1.6.19
1 2
| 97
1 2 3 4 5
1.6.20
1.6.20 (123
4)
1.6.21 24 (
6 ) 15
Ux Uy Uz Rx Ry Rz
Ux Uy Uz Rx Ry Rz
Ux Uy Uz Rx Ry Rz
Ux Uy Uz Rx Ry Rz
Uz Rx Ry
Uz Rx Ry
UxUyRz
Uz Rx Ry
Uz Rx Ry
98 |
UX
: X
RX : X
UY
: Y
RY : Y
UZ
: Z
RZ : Z
1.6.21
UXm : X
UYm : Y
RZm : Z
UXs : X
UYs : Y
RZs : Z
1.6.22
U Xs U Xm RZm Y
U Ys U Ym RZm X
(1.6.26)
RZs RZm
1.6.23
| 99
1.6.23a
1.6.23b
1.6.23b 6
()
: (12 )
* X-Z
(XZ)
Y
b
1.6.23
100 |
6.10
(Specified Displacement)
1
2
3
4
midas Civil
| 101
()
b
1.6.24
1.6.24
1
( 1.6.24a)
2 4 24 ( 6 )(
1.6.24a)
6
( 24 )
102 |
Part2
Part 2
midas Civil
midas Civil
| 103
104 |
midas Civil
-
- P-Delta
-
-
-
-
-
-
| 105
2
2.1
midas Civil
K U P
2.2.1
[K]
{U}
{P}
2.2
K+K U P
n,s
U U
K
Kn,s
106 |
UU
P
| 107
3
3.1
midas Civil
midas Civil
K n n 2 M n
2.3.1
[K]
[M]
{n }
2
n
1 () 2 n 3.1.1
()
()
mu cu ku p(t )
2.3.2
mu ku 0
2.3.3
u u A cos t ( A )
108 |
(m 2 k ) A cos t 0
2.3.4
k
,
m
T 1
k
, f
,
f
2
m
2.3.5
2
(rotational natural frequency)f
(natural frequency)T (natural period)
2.3.1
(T1=1.787T2=0.285T3=0.102)
mT M1X
mT M1Y
mT M1Z
,
mY
mZ
mT Mm
mT Mm
mT Mm
2.3.6
mT M1RX
T M1RY
T M1RZ
, mRY mT
, mRZ mT
T
m Mm
m Mm
m Mm
2.3.7
mX
mRX
mX mY mZ
mRX mRY mRZ
1X 1Y 1Z
1RX 1RY 1RZ
m
XYZm
XYZm
XYZ
XYZ
| 109
90%
*
mX
mT M1 X
mT M1Y
mT M1Z
*
*
, M mY
, M mZ
m T M m
m T M m
m T Mm
*
mRX
mT M1RX
mT M1RY
mT M1RZ
*
*
, M mRY
, M mRZ
mT Mm
mT Mm
mT Mm
2.3.8
2.3.9
*
*
*
M mX
M mY
M mZ
*
*
*
M mRX
M mRY
M mRZ
m XYZ
m XYZ
(translational masses)(rotational mass moment of

inertia) 2.3.1
dm
2.3.10
r dm
2.3.11
r
midas Civil
1>
2>>
3>>
110 |
2.3.1
bd 3
M bd
Im
12
M
12
db 3
12
d2
Im Ix I y
d2
d4
32
Im
M dA
Im Ix I y
L
M L L
L3
12
Im L
I0
M=m
I m I o mr 2
| 111
3.2
Rayleigh-Ritz
p n
p n
Mu( t )+Cu( t )+ Ku( t )= p( t )
2.3.12
u( t ) i zi ( t ) z( t )
2.3.13
i 1
u(t)
z(t)
p(t)
(Generalized coordinate)
zi(t)
= 1 i p
n p
Mz (t ) +Cz (t ) + Kz (t ) = p(t )
2.3.14
M T M
C T C
K T K
p(t ) T p(t )
Ki i2 Mi
i
i
112 |
2.3.15
T pi (t )
qi (t ) + 2ii qi (t ) + q(t ) = T
M
2
i
2.3.16
z (t ) i qi (t )
2.3.17
i 1
qi(t) i
i i
i
i i
2.3.18
i i
u(t )
qi (t )
p
u(t ) z(t ) i qi (t )
2.3.19
i 1
i i
2.3.20
i i
(2.3.16)
| 113
K (1) = r (1)
2.3.21
(1) = K 1r (1)
2.3.22
K
(1)
(1)
K (2) = M (1)
2.3.23
(2) = K 1M (1)
2.3.24
(2)
4
3
(linearly dependent)
(linearly independent)
midas Civil XY Z

(nonlinear link force vector)
XY Z
114 |
2
3
90%
3.3
E k N s X k
1 2 .. Ns
1 E1 N s X1 Y0
2 k
KYk MXk
(projection)
(projection)
Mk 1 YkT MYk
Kk 1Qk 1 Mk 1Qk 1k 1
Q k 1 1* 2*
1*
k 1
*
2
... N* s
2.3.25
*
N s
2.3.26
Xk 1 Xk 1 Yk Qk 1
n X k
*
m* m ,
Xk 1
... Ns
2.3.27
| 115
m( k 1) m( k )
m( k 1)
2.3.28
Ns Ns_0 Nf
N s max{N s _ 0 , min(2 N f , N f 8)}
3.4
2.3.29
Krylov span(V1, V2 ,..., Vk ) Tk
m
m 1/ m
1 V1
2 k
Uk MVk
(K M)Wk Uk
Wk* Wk Vk 1BTk 1
Ck
Ck Vk MWk*
Wk** Wk* Vk Ck
Wk** Vk 1B k
Tk
C1
B1
Tk
BTk 1
Ck
B1T
C2
Ck 1
BTk 1
2.3.30
Tk m m m m 1/ m m m Vk
*
* *
N b Tk N b m m
*
m *
m
116 |
m* V1 V2 V3 ... Vk m*
2.3.31
Km* m* Mm*
K
2.3.32
. 2.22 1016
3.5
3.5.1
2.3.2
2.3.2
3.5.2
f1f2
(2 f1 )2
2.3.3 f1f2
N f f1f2
f1 = f2 f1
N f
f1 < f2 [ f1, f 2 ] f1
N f
| 117
f1 > f2 [ f1, f 2 ] f2
f1
4
N f
f2
1 2 3
f1
f2
1 2
3 4
f2
f1
4
2.3.3
3.5.2.1
3 2 1
Sturm Sequence
(K M)Wk Uk
2.3.33
LDLT D
n N f
N f N f

N f N f N f 1
2.3.34
Sturm Vk Nb 7
Sturm LDLT
Sturm N b 1
3.5.2.2
K 0
0 -
K M
1 1 1
118 |
3.5.3
midas X k N s N I
N s D N s
N s max{N s , min(2 N f , N f 8)}
2.3.35
N I 30 1.0 106
| 119
4.1
(Voigt Maxwell )
- ()
-
-
-
(Classical Damping)
midas Civil
()
()
(Strain Energy Proportional)
120 |
()
()
()
()
i C
4.2
Caughey C
N 1
C M a j M 1 K
2.4.1
j 0
jN : ()
2.4.1 M 1 K
M y K y 0
2.4.2
y u eiax
2.4.3
(2.4.2)
M K u 0
2
2.4.4
2.4.4 M 1K 2 2 s
2
M 1 K 2.4.1 us us
T
| 121
us
N 1
N 1
C us Cs a j s2 j us M us a j s2 j M s
T
j 0
2.4.5
j 0
Cs 2s s M s
2.4.6
2.4.52.4.6 N s
Cs
1
2s M s 2s
s2 j
1 a
0 a1 s a2 s3 aN 1 s2 N 3 , s 1 N
2 s
2.4.7
a0
, C a0 M 2ss M
2s
2.4.8
a1 s
,
2
C a1 K
2 s
2.4.9
s
Stiffness Proportional
C a1 K
a
s 1 s
2
Mass Proportional
C a0 M
a
s 0
2 s
Natural frequencies s
122 |
2.4.1
4.3
i j
ij
C a0 M a1K
2.4.10
1 a
s 0 a1 s
2 s
2.4.11
a0
2 i j i j j i
2
j
a1
s
2
i
2
j
C a1 K
a1 s
2
Stiffness Proportional
Rayleigh Damping
C a0 M a1 K
a
a
s 0 1 s
2 s
2
a
2.4.2
2.4.13
2
i
Mass Proportional
C a0 M
a
s 0
2 s
2.4.12
a0 a1
1.
a0 a1
2.
| 123
()
2.4.122.4.13 a0 a1
fi 1.0Hz , f j 1.25Hz i 0.05 , j 0.05
a0 a1
1
2
2
6.28, 2
7.85
1.0
0.8
2.4.14
22.4.122.4.13 a0 a1 ()
a0
2 6.28 7.85 0.05 7.85-0.05 6.28

0.349
7.852 -6.282
a1
2 0.05 7.85-0.05 6.28

=0.007
7.852 -6.282
2.4.15
2.4.16
3midas Civil a0 a1
4.3.1
a0 a1
midas Civil a0 a1 a0 a1
a0 0.35 a1 0.005 1 4.59215 2 9.81814

3 14.57793
1. ()
1 a
s 0 a1 s
2 s
1
124 |
1
1
0.35 0.005 4.59215 0.04959
2 4.59215
2.4.17
2.4.18
1
1
0.35 0.005 9.81814 0.04237
2 9.81814
2.4.19
1
1
0.35 0.005 14.57793 0.04845
2 14.57793
2.4.20
2. ()
s >1 s 0.9999 s <0 s 0.0
4.3.2
a0 a1 C a0 M a1K
C a0 M a1K midas Civil
4.4
4.4.1
midas Civil ()
midas Civil
(harmonic motion)(dissipated energy)

(strain energy)
ED
4 ES
2.4.21
| 125
ED ES
F FD FS
FS
ED 2 h KA2
: Dissipated Energy
A
ES
1
KA2 : Strain Energy
2
FD Cu
2.4.3
ui ,n i ,n sin i t i
2.4.22
ui ,n ii ,n cos i t i
2.4.23
ui,n i n
ui , n i n
i,n i n
i i
i i (phase angle)
Cn
2hn
Kn
Cn n
Kn n
hn n
126 |
2.4.24
ED i, n uiT,nCnui ,n 2 hniT,n K ni ,n
ES i, n
1 T
1
ui ,n Knui ,n iT,n Kni ,n
2
2
2.4.25
2.4.26
ED (i, n) i n
ES (i, n) i n
i i
ED i , n
n 1
4 ES i, n
h
n 1
N
n 1
4.4.2
T
n n ,i
n 1
T
n ,i
K nn,i
2.4.27
K nn,i
1.
a. (>>)
b. (>>)
c. (>
>)
0.05
0.05
- (2.4.24)
-
- (2.4.25)
- (2.4.27)
-
-
-(CQC SRSS)
2.
a. (>>)
| 127
b. (>>)
c. (>
>)
1
()
-(2.4.24)
-
-(2.4.25)
-(2.4.27)
( 2.4.4)
(a)
2.4.4
4.5
128 |
(b)
midas Civil
4.6
1(>>)
2(>>)
3
(>>)
4.7
C M
2ii
T M
2.4.28
C
M
i i
4.8
| 129
midas Civil
(Damping)(Effective
Damping)
Ceff
2eff
eff
Keff
2.4.29
Ceff
Keff
eff
eff
E i, n
D
n 1
4 ES i, n
n 1
h
N
n 1
T
n n ,i
K nn,i 0.5inT,iCeff n,i

N
n 1
T
n ,i
2.4.30
K nn,i
130 |
M [ u(t ) rug (t )] Cu(t ) K u(t ) 0
2.5.1
M u(t ) Cu(t ) K u(t ) M ru g (t )
2.5.2
M
C
K
r
ug (t )
u (t )
u (t )
u (t )
( ) y (t ) u(t )
u(t ) y(t )
2.5.3
2.5.3(2.5.2) T
T M y (t ) T Cy (t ) T K y (t ) T Mr u g (t )
2.5.4
i M or C or K j 0 (i j )
2.5.5
( T M 1 ) m mT Cm m mT Km
2.5.4
211
y (t )
2 mm
12
y (t )
2 nn
y (t ) T M ru g (t )
m2
2
n
2.5.6
| 131
2.5.6 m
ym (t ) 2mm ym (t ) m2 ym (t ) m ug (t )
2.5.7
m mT Mr
2.5.7 m
2.5.7 n
2.5.8
u(t ) y(t ), u(t ) y(t ), u(t ) y(t )
2.5.8
2.5.6()
m
S dm
S am
2
m
Sam
Svm
2.5.9
ym m S dm , ym m Svm , ym m S am
um mm Sdm , um mm Svm , um mm Sam
2.5.10
Sdm m
Svm m
Sam m
SRSS CQC ABS (ABsolute Sum)

1. SRSS(square root of the sum of the squares)
12
Rmax R12 R22 Rn 2

2. CQC(complete quadratic combination)
132 |
2.5.11
12
Rmax
ij
N N
Ri ij R j
i 1 j 1
2.5.12
8 i j (i rijm )rij 3 2
(1 rij 2 )2 4i j rij (1 rij 2 ) 4(i2 j2 )rij 2
ij
8 2 (1 rij )rij 3 2
(1 rij 2 )2 4 2 rij (1 rij )2
rij
i
j
0 ij 1
(i j )
j i
ij 1 (i j )
2.5.13
2.5.14
2.5.15
2.5.16
Rmax
Ri i
rij i j
ij ij
ij ij
ij ij (correlation coefficient)
i j ( i , j ) ij = 1 0 CQC SRSS
3. ABS (ABsolute Sum)
Rmax R1 R2 Rn
2.5.17
ABS SRSS
0.05 SRSS CQC
1 0.46 , 2 0.52 , 3 1.42

Dij ( j i )
| 133
0.036 0.012 0.019

Dij 0.012 0.044 0.005
0.049 0.002 0.017
SRSS
Rmax R12 R22 R32 0.042 0.046 0.052

12
CQC
12 21 0.3985
13 31 0.0061
23 32 0.0080
12
Rmax R12 R2 2 R32 2 12 R1R2 2 13 R1R3 2 23 R2 R3
0.046 0.041 0.053
SRSS CQC
CQC SRSS
Sx
S7 S6
(Tx T 6) S 6
T7 T6
()
2.5.1
134 |
()
Mu(t ) Cu(t ) Ku(t ) F(t )
2.6.1
M
C
K
F(t)
u (t )
u (t )
u (t )
F(t ) 0 C 0 F(t )
()
midas Civil
6.1
2.6.1
u(t ) Y(t ) iYi (t)
2.6.2
i j
2.6.22.6.1
MY(t ) CY(t ) KY(t ) F(t )
2.6.3
| 135
2.6.3 m ( m )
T
mT MY(t ) mT CY(t ) mT KY(t ) mT F(t )
2.6.4
iT M j mij ij
2.6.5
iT K j kij ij
2.6.6
ij (Kronecker delta), i j ; ij 1 , i j ; ij 0
2.6.3
n
mT MY(t ) mT CY(t ) mT KY(t ) mT F(t )
(m 1,2,.....,n)
2.6.7
m (general coordinate)
2.6.7
Ym ( t ) 2 mmYm ( t ) m2 Ym ( t )
2 mmYm ( t )
mT F(t )
mT Mm
mT Cm
mT Mm
2.6.8
2.6.9
mT Km
Y (t ) T
m Mm
2
m m
2.6.10
m m
m m
qm (t )
qm (t )
qm (t )
q (0) qm (0)
1
qm (t ) e mmt qm (0) cos Dmt m m m
sin Dmt
Dm
m Dm
136 |
Pm ( )e mm (t ) sin Dm (t ) d
2.6.11
Dm m 1 m2
2.6.12
2.6.2
1()
2
1/10
t
Tp
10
Tp
3
()
6.2
midas Civil Newmark

t t
t t
u u [(1 ) u
t
u u ut [(
t
t t
u ]t
) u
t
2.6.13
t t
u ]t
2.6.14
2
2.6.14
t t
u 2.6.13
t t
u 2.6.15
t t
t t
u f
u f
t t
t t
u , u , u , u
u , u , u ,
2.6.15
2.6.152.6.16
2.6.18(
2.6.21)((2.6.24))
t t
t t
t t
[M ] u [C ] u [K ] u
[K ] a
[M ] a1 [C ]
t t
t t
t t
2.6.16
p [M ](a0 u a2 u a3 u ) [C ](a1 u a4 u a5 u )
t
2.6.17
| 137
[K ]
t t
t t
2.6.18
[K ] [K ] a0 [M ] a1 [C ]
t t
t t
t t
2.6.19
p [M ](a0 u a2 u a3 u ) [C ](a1 u a4 u a5 u )
t
u a0 (
t t
u u ) a 2 u a3 u
t
t t
u u a6 u a7
t
t t
2.6.20
2.6.21
a0
a4
1
t
1
a1
a5
t
2
a2
1
t
a3
a6 t (1 )
1
2
a7 t
2.6.22
2.6.23
Newmark (= 0.5= 0.25 )
[C] a[K ] b[M ]
2.6.24
ab
1()
2
1/10
t
Tp
10
Tp
3
()
4
5
138 |
6.3
()
midas Civil ()
2.6.25
M ss
M
gs
M sg ust (t ) Css
M gg ugt (t ) Cgs
Csg ust (t ) K ss
Cgg ugt (t ) K gs
K sg ust (t ) 0
2.6.25
K gg ugt (t ) Pg (t )
s g u
s
us (t ) us (t ) 2.6.26
ust (t ) uss (t ) us (t )
t
ug (t ) ug (t ) 0
2.6.26
u g (t ) uss (t ) (quasi-static displacement)

s
2.6.27 Pg (t ) u g (t ) (quasi-static
support force)
K ss K sg uss (t ) 0
s
K K
u
(
t
)
gg
Pg (t )
g
gs
2.6.27
2.6.252.6.262.6.28
M ss uss (t ) us (t ) M sg u g (t ) Css uss (t ) us (t ) Csg u g (t )

K ss uss (t ) us (t ) K sg u g (t ) 0
2.6.28
M ss us (t ) Css us (t ) K ss us (t ) Peff (t )
Peff (t ) M ss uss (t ) M sg u g (t ) Css uss (t )
2.6.29
Csg ug (t ) K u (t ) K sg u g (t )
s
ss s
2.6.272.6.30
| 139
K ss uss (t ) K sg u g (t ) 0
uss (t ) I f u g (t )
2.6.30
I f K ss 1 K sg
If
2.6.30
2.6.29
Peff (t ) M ss I f M sg ug (t ) Css I f Csg ug (t )
2.6.31
2.6.32
ss
I f Csg ug (t ) K ss I f K sg ug (t ) 0
Peff (t ) M ss I f M sg ug (t )
2.6.32
2.6.33
2.6.292.6.34
M ss us (t ) Css us (t ) K ss us (t ) Peff (t )
Peff (t ) M ss I f u g (t )
2.6.34
Mu (t ) Cu (t ) Ku (t ) Peff (t )
Peff (t ) M 1 u g (t )
2.6.35
ust (t ) uss (t ) us (t )
t s
us (t ) us (t ) us (t )
u t (t ) u s (t ) u (t )
s s s
140 |
2.6.36
midas Civil (linear buckling analysis)

(critical load factor)(buckling
mode shape)
[ K ]{U} [ KG ]{U} {P}
2.7.1
[K]
[KG]
{U}
{P}
[ K G ] [ kG ]
2.7.2
kG

F
1.
0 1
L
0 0
kG 0 0
0 1
0 0
symm.
1
L
0
1
L
1
L
1
L
2.7.3
| 141
2.
[kG ] [kG1 ] [kG 2 ]
2.7.4
[ k G1 ]
[ k G 2 ]
k G

0
0
6
5L
6
5L
0
0
0
1
10
0
5L
1
10
symm.
0
1
10
2L
15
0
6
5L
0
1
10
0
0
0
0
0
2L
15
0
6
5L
L
30
1
10
0
L
30
0
10
1
10
6
5L
0
1
10
0
[kG 2 ] [G]T [ S ][G]dL

L
0
0
2L
15
2.7.5
2L
15
2.7.6
[G]
[S]
3.
s 0 0
[kG ] [G ] 0 s 0 [G ]dV
v
0 0 s
T
[G]
[S]=xy yy yz
142 |
2.7.7
[ KG ] [ KG ]
2.7.8

[KG]
[ K KG ]{u} { p}
2.7.9
[ Keq ] [ K KG ]
2.7.10
[ K eq ] 0 ( cr ) :
[ K eq ] 0 ( cr ) :
[ K eq ] 0 ( cr ) :
2.7.11
K I [ K G ] 0
2.7.11
i ()
()
2
()Pushover
3
| 143
8
8.1
1-
- 2.8.1
2.8.1
2-
Pdelta ( 2.8.2)
V
V
H
a()
2.8.2
144 |
bP-delta ()
3-
8.2
ij
1
(ui , j u j .i )
2
ij
2.8.1
u ui , ju j ,i 2.8.3
F Deformation TensorR Rotation

TensorU Stretch Tensor U
F RU f U
2.8.2
e 3t
e 2t
0
3
e 20
e1t
e3
e10
e2
e1
Y
X
2.8.3
(Co-rotational)
-

Bu -
u u
f e1 , e2 , e3 , e1 , e2 , e3 u
int
u Tu p
B dV
T
2.8.3
dv

| 145
p int ( K K ) u
2.8.4
K (Initial Stress Stiffness Matrix)

pext pint 0
( K K )u p ext
2.8.5
-(Newton-Raphson)(Arc-length)
-(Snap-through)(Snap-back)
8.2.1
- 2.8.4
Rm
KT (um 1 )
Rm 1
KT (um )
um 1
um
um um um1
2.8.4
( K K )u p ,
KT u p
2.8.6
KT K K ,
K f (u)
2.8.7
KT (um1 )(um1 um ) Rm
2.8.8
y( xn h) y( xn ) y( xn )h
146 |
KT (um1 )(um1 um ) KT (um1 )um1
dR
um
dum1
2.8.9
dR
KT (um1 ) Rm Fm1 R R
dum1
2.8.10
KT (um1 )um Rm Rm1 R R R R
2.8.11
2.8.4 um um=um-1+um
KT(um) Rm+1-Rm um+1
8.2.2
--
2.8.5 (Snap-through)(Snap-back)
( 2.8.5(c))
Rm1 i f i
KT (ui 1 ) ui Ri R
ui KT (ui 1 )1 ( fint (um1 ) fint (ui ))
2.8.12
2.8.13
ui I KT (ui 1 )1 ( fint (um1 ) fint (ui )), ui II KT (ui 1 ) 1 f
2.8.14
ui uiI i uiII
2.8.15
i (Spherical Path)
uiT ui l 2
2.8.16
l ui ui 1 ui i
| 147
a(Snap-through)
b(Snap-back)
c
2.8.5
a1 2 a2 a3 0
2.8.17
a2 a22 4a1a3
i
2a1
2.8.18
a1 ( uiII )T uiII
a2 2( uiI )T uiII 2(ui 1 )T uiII
2.8.19
a3 2(ui 1 )T uiI ( uiI )T uiI (ui 1 )T ui 1 l 2
ui-1
cos
ui
ui
ui -1
148 |
2.8.20
i - a3 a2
8.3 P-Delta
P-Delta
(Geometric Nonlinearity)
P-Delta P-Delta 2.8.6
(Critical Buckling Load)
NO
YES
2.8.6 P-Delta
2.8.7a P-Delta
M 0 M VL
P P
| 149
P-Delta
My = Vy - Px
P-Delta
P-Delta
My = Vy - Px
P-Delta
P-Delta
b
2.8.7
(P-Delta)
V / K,
K KO KG
2.8.21
K o K G
P-Delta P-Delta
()
P-Delta
K u KG u P
150 |
2.8.22
[K]
[KG]
{P}
{U}
P-Delta
1 P-Delta
2P-Delta
3P-Delta
8.4
8.4.1
//
K K N U P
2.8.23
K
KN
8.4.2
2.8.24
2.8.25
KN f (D d )
2.8.24
| 151
D
d
K eff
1/ K sag 1/ K elastic
K sag
EA
L(1
2 L2 EA
12T
12T 3
EA
,
K
elastic
2 L3
L
2.8.25
2.8.26

L
T
1
2
3
4
2
3
4 2 3
8.5
8.5.1
()()midas
(
)()
()()
152 |
midas (
)
()
(
)
()-()
+()
8.5.2
fN
fN
fL
fL
fN : Nonlinear spring & force
fL : Effective Stiffness & force
2.8.8
| 153
-(Runge-Kutta Method)
8.5.3
1.
Mu(t ) Cu(t ) KS K N u(t ) BP p(t ) BN f L (t ) - f N (t )
2.8.27
M
C
Ks
KN
BPBN
u (t ) u (t )
u (t )
p(t)
fL(t)
fN(t)
f L (t ) K N
f N (t ) K
N
K
S
K N
()
154 |
qi (t ) + 2 ii qi (t ) i2 q (t )
iT BP p (t ) iT BN f L (t ) iT BN f N (t )
iT M i
iT M i
iT M i
2.8.28
i i
i i
i i
qi (t ) qi (t )
i
qi (t )
f N (t ) f L (t )
f N (t ) f L (t )
f N (t ) f L (t )
f N (t ) f L (t )
q ( j 1) ( nt ) qi( j ) ( nt )
q max i
i
qi( j 1) ( nt )
2.8.29
q ( j 1) ( nt ) qi( j ) ( nt )
q max i
i
qi( j 1) ( nt )
2.8.30
f ( j 1) ( nt ) f M( j,i) (nt )
f max M ,i
i
f M( j,i1) ( nt )
2.8.31
f M( j,i) (nt )
iT BN f N( j ) ( nt )
iT M i
2.8.32
t
| 155
n
j
i
t
2.
3.
1>>
2
3>>
0.99
4>>
>>
156 |
2.8.9
8.5.4
Newmark-
Mu(t ) Cu(t ) K N u(t ) p(t ) f L (t ) - f N (t )
2.8.33
M
C
KN
u (t ) u (t ) u (t )
p(t)
fL(t)
fN(t)
Newmark- u
K Eff u pEff
2.8.34
| 157
K Eff
1
C KN
t
pEff p(t ) Mu (t ) Cu (t ) f L (t ) - f N (t )
2.8.35
2.8.36
KEff
pEff
u
Newmark-
p(t)
fL(t)
fN(t)
8.5.5
k b k k y k b
2.8.10
158 |
8.5.6
(Viscoelastic Damper)
(Gap)(Hook)(Hysteretic System)(Lead Rubber Bearing
Isolator)(Friction Pendulum System Isolator)
8.5.7
2.8.11(a)
2.8.11(b)
(Dashpot)
2.8.11(c)(d)
kd
cd
deformation
deformation
Time
Loading
Time
Unloading
Loading
Unloading
b
kd
f
kd
cd
cd
f
Time
Loading
Unloading
deformation
deformation
deformation
Time
Loading
Unloading
Time
Loading
Unloading
| 159
c(Maxwell Model)
2.8.11
midas (Viscoelastic Damper)
Maxwell ()
Kelvin ()Midas Maxwell ModelKelvin Model
Damper Brace Assembly Model( Kelvin Model )
Damper Brace Assembly Model
f kd dd cd sign dd dd kb db
d d d db
2.8.37
2.8.38
f
kd
kb
cd
s (exponent)
d
dd
db
(s=1.0)(0.0<s<1.0)
s 0.35~1.00midas s 0.20~1.00
160 |
cd sign dd dd
s 1
D
s<1.0 f d N m sec
s
cd sign d d
N
m /sec
s
d
m /sec s
f dD
N m sec
2.8.39
s 1
midas dd v0
v0
f kd d d cd sign d d
dd
kb d b
v0
2.8.40
cd N m sec v0 N
tonf v0 1.0
v0
2.8.1
N, tonf
dd
m/seccm/sec
v0
m/seccm/sec
d d v0
cd
N, tonf
1(kN, m)
2N, cm
| 161
kd 10,000 N cm
Cd
11000
10 N sec cm
100
kb 10,000 N cm
s 1
v0
Cd 1 kN 1,000N
v0 1 m sec 100 cm sec
dd
db
cd
kb
f
N2
N1
aMaxwell Model
dd
cd
f
kd
N2
N1
bKelvin Model
dd
cd
db
kb
f
kd
N1
cDamper Brace Assembly Model

2.8.12
162 |
N2
Maxwell Model
2.8.12(a)Maxwell Model
(Fluid Viscoelastic Device)
Maxwell Model
f cd sign d d
d
kb d b
v0
2.8.41
Runge-Kutta Method
d d
() Kelvin(Voigt) Model
2.8.12(b)Kelvin Model
(Solid Viscoelastic Device)
Kelvin Model
d
f kd d cd sign d
v0
2.8.42

Damper Brace Assembly Model Kelvin Model 2.8.12(c)

Runge-Kutta Method
d d
f kd d d cd sign d d
d
kb db
v0
2.8.43
s 1 ( s 1.0 )
Runge-Kutta Method
d d
cd 1
d d (t )
v0 t
c 1
kd kb d
v0 t
kb d (t t )
d d (t t )
; (s =1.0)
2.8.44
Maxwell Model kd=0.0

| 163
dd 0.0 k
f k d
2.8.45
Maxwell Modelk=0.0
Kelvin Model k=kd
Damper Brace Assembly Model k
8.5.8
kb kd
kb kd
d
k
f
N2
N1
2.8.13
(Gap)
k d o if d o <0
otherwise
2.8.46
8.5.9
164 |
d
k
f
N1
N2
2.8.14
(Hook)
k (d o) if d o 0
2.8.47
otherwise
k
0
d
8.5.10
(uniaxial plasticity)
(energy dissipation device)
(metallic yield damper)(primary structure)
d
Fy
r
k
k
f
N2
N1
2.8.15
Park, Wen and Ang(1986)
f r k d (1 r ) Fy z
2.8.48
| 165
Fy
r
d
z
z Wen(1976)
1 z s sgn dz d
Fy
k
2.8.49
||+||=1.0
s (transition region)
d
+>0 (softening system)
+<0 (hardening system)
(-)
2.8.16
s
s 30
1.0~50.0 s 2.8.17
1
0.75
0.75
0.5
0.5
0.25
0.25
0
0
-0.25
-0.25
-0.5
-0.5
-0.75
-0.75
-1
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
d
0.5
1.5
-1
-2
-1.5
= 0.1
a = 0.9,
-1
-0.5
0
d
0.5
1.5
= 0.9
b = 0.1,
5
4
2
3
2
0
-1
-1
-2
-3
-2
-3
-2
-4
-1.5
-1
c = 0.5,
2.8.16
166 |
-0.5
0
d
0.5
= -0.5
1.5
-5
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
d
0.5
d = 0.25,
1.5
= -0.75
(r = 0, k = Fy = s = 1.0)
1.2
1.0
0.8
f
s=
Fy
r k
s=2
s=1
0.4
s = 1.0
s = 2.0
s = 10.0
s =100.0
0.2
0
0
d
2.8.17
8.5.11
0.6
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
()
(biaxial plasticity)
Elastic Axial Spring
Nonlinear Shear Spring

(Hysteretic System)
f3
kx
f2
d2
d3
Fy
Ky
x
K0
dy
2.8.18
f y ry k y d y (1 ry ) Fy , y z y
f z rz k z d z (1 rz ) Fy , z z z
2.8.50
2.8.51
| 167
kykz yz
FyyFyz yz
ryrz yz
dydz yz
zyzz yz
z y z z Park, Wen, and Ang(1986)

Wen(1976)
ky
dy
1 z 2 sgn d z z z sgn d z
y
y
y y
y
y z
z
z z
z
zy
Fy , y 2.8.52

z z z y z z y sgn d y z y y 1 z z2 z sgn d z z z z k z d
Fy , z
yyzz yz
d y d z yz
s=2
8.5.12
(biaxial plasticity)
(Gap)
P
k
P
N2
N1
P
2.8.19
0
168 |
k x d x
if d x 0
otherwise
fx P
2.8.53
P
kx
dx
fy
fz
P
Ry
P
Rz
d y P y zy
d z P z zz
2.8.54
2.8.55
P
Ry Rz yz
y
dy d
zy z
yz
yz
yz
y Constantinou,
Mokha and Reinhorn(1990)
z
y fast , y fast , y slow, y e r v

z fast , z fast , z slow, z e r v
2.8.56
v d y2 d z2 , r
ry d y2 rz d z2
2.8.57
v2
fastyfastz
yz
slowyslowz
yz
ryrz
yz
dy dz
yz
zy zz Park, Wen, and Ang(1986)

Wen(1976)
| 169
ky
dy
1 z 2 sgn d z z z sgn d z
y
y
y y
y
y z
z
z z
z
zy
P y 2.8.58

z z z y z z y sgn d y z y y 1 z z2 z sgn d z z z z k z d
P z
kykz
yyzz
dy , dz
yz(
)
yz
yz
8.5.13
Runge-Kutta Method
2.8.20
Runge-Kutta Method
t
t Runge-Kutta Method
t
dy ( x)
f ( x, y ( x))
dx
y ( x0 ) y0
y2
y1
y0
x1
x0
t
2.8.20
170 |
x2
8.5.14
Runge-Kutta
(Adaptive Stepsize Control) 2.8.21
Press et al.(1992)
a
2.8.59
Tolerance
hnew hpresent
new
present
2.8.21
Cash-Karp(Adaptive Stepsize Control)
hnew
hpresent
new ( new scal )
present
a present new : a =0.2 present new : a =0.25

-8
1.0e
| 171
8.5.15
t Runge Kutta Method

1/2
1st Iteration :
2nd Iteration :
3rd Iteration :
4th Iteration :
2.8.22
Fehlberg(Stepsize Sub-Division for Non-convergence Control)
8.6
8.6.1
1(constitution response)
2(elastic response)
3
e p

172 |
2.8.60
e
p
(yield criteria)
(flow rule)
(hardening rule)
1.
(elastic response)()F ( 2.8.23)
F ( , p , ) e ( , p ) ( p ) 0
2.8.61

e (equivalent)(effective)
( p )
(equivalent)
(plastic corrector)
(return mapping)
d p f
Smooth
a
a
Plastic potential
g ( ) f ( ) const.
,d p
d
d
Comer
d p
2.8.23
2.
( 2.8.23)
| 173
d p d
g
d b
2.8.62
d
g (plastic potential)(stress invariant)
g=F (associated flow) gF (nonassociated flow)
2.8.62
d p d
F
d a
2.8.63
2.8.23 ()
(singular point)
3. (Hardening rule)
(strain hardening)
(work hardening)(plastic incompressibility)
2.8.24
2.8.24
(isotropic hardening)(kinematic hardening)(mixed hardening)
174 |
8.6.2
d De d d p De d d a
2.8.64
D
(consistence condition)
F
F
F
d p d p
d aT De d aT Dea h d 0 2.8.65
dF
De aaT DeT
d De T e
d
a D ah
2.8.66
-(consistent)
RaaT R T
d R T
d
a Ra h
2.8.67
a
e
e
R I d De
D I d D A
8.6.3
De
2.8.68
1(Explicit forward Euler algorithm with subincrementation) ( 2.8.25 2.8.26)
X
A
B
a A
| 175
B
Ce
C
C
D
b A C D
2.8.25
ABCD
E
2.8.26
2(Implicit backward Euler algorithm) ( 2.8.27)
ABCD
E
2.8.27
( 2.8.25 A)( 2.8.27

B)
(Gauss Point)
176 |
1
2
3
4
Newton-Raphson
1.
1
d Bdu
2.8.69
B -
du
2
d De d
B X d
2.8.70
2.8.25
3
F X 1 r d 0
r
FB
FB FX
2.8.71
5 rd m
( 2.8.26)
m INT 8 eB eA eA 1
2.8.72
| 177
FC
a D aC h
T
C
2.8.73
D C C D aC
e

2.
C B d DeaC
2.8.74
2.8.27
2.8.74 C r
r C B d D e a C
2.8.75
r 0
rn ro Dea
2.8.76
0
ro Dea
2.8.77
F
F
FCn FC o
p FCo aTC h 0
p
T
178 |
2.8.78
8.6.4
Fo aT ro
aT D e a h
2.8.79
1(Tresca)(von Mises)
(plastic incompressibility)( 2.8.28).
2-(Mohr-Coulomb)-(Drucker-Prager)
( 2.8.29)
von Mises yield surface
3
Hydrostatic axis
Tresca yield surface
2.8.28
Drucker-Prager
t
c
c
3
Mohr-Coulomb
2.8.29
--
1.
| 179
1 2 3 1 2 3
F , 1 3 p
2.8.80
(lode angle) 30
>29
2.
F , 3 J 2 p
2.8.81
J2 (second deviatoric stress invariant)

3. -
-
-
F , c n tan
2.8.82
c
-
>29-
4. -
-
--
(hydrostatic stress)
F ,
180 |
2sin
6c cos
I1 J 2
3 3 sin
3 3 sin
2.8.83
I (first stress invariant)
8.6.5
1. (effective plastic strain)

1(strain hardening)
d p
T
2
2 T
d p d p
a ad
3
3
2.8.84
(norm)
2(work hardening)
dW p T d p d aT
2.8.85
dWp 1d 1 e d p
2.8.86
d p
aT
2.8.87
2.
1(perfectly plastic)
()
F , e
2.8.88

2(isotropic hardening)
| 181
2.8.30a
F , e p
2.8.89
3(kinematic hardening)
2.8.30b
F , , e
2.8.90

Prager Ziegler Prager
d C p d p C p ad
2.8.91
Cp Prager
a
2.8.30
Ziegler d (reduced-stress)

d d C z d p
Cz Ziegler
4(mixed hardening)
182 |
2.8.92
F , , e p
8.6.6
2.8.93
von MisesTresca
Mohr-CoulombDrucker-Prager
von MisesTresca
Mohr-CoulombDrucker-Prager
2.8.31
2.8.32
midas Civil midas Gen

midas FEA midas
| 183
2.8.33
Mohr-Coulomb Drucker-Prager
deviatoric axis
aMohr-Coulomb failure surface
=
6
rt0 = 26c cos

3 + sin
3c cot
hydrostatic axis
rc0 =
26c cos
3 - sin
=
6
b-plane
2.8.34
184 |
cmeridian plane
Mohr-Coulomb yield surface in -plane & meridian plane
deviatoric axis
aDrucker-Prager failure surface
=
6
6
r0 = 2k
k
3
hydrostatic axis
r0 = 2k
6
=
6
b-plane
2.8.35
cmeridian plane
Drucker-Prager yield surface in -plane & meridian plane
Mohr-Coulomb Drucker-Prager C-1 ()

apex regime
midas Civil midas Gen
2.8.36
Apex regime
| 185
8.7
8.7.1
Pushover PerformanceBased Seismic Design, PBSD

target performance
Pushover
displacement-based design
Pushover 2.8.37 -
performance point
5%
Sa
Ddesign
2.8.37
186 |
Sd
8.7.2
1(Linear Static Procedure, LSP)

2(Linear Dynamic Procedure, LDP)
3(Nonlinear Static Procedure, NSP)
4(Nonlinear Dynamic Procedure, NDP)
Pushover
Pushover
-(capacity curve)
--
(ADRSAcceleration-Displacement Response Spectrum)(demand spectrum)
()
()
midas ATC-40(1996) FEMA-273(1997) (Capacity

Spectrum MethodCSM)
2.8.38
roof
Vbase
Sa
roof
Vbase
Sd
a(capacity curve)(capacity spectrum)
Sa
Sa
Tn,1
Sd
Tn
5%
Tn, 2
Sd
b(demand spectrum)
2.8.38
Sa
Amax
Tn2
Sa
4 2
Dmax
Sd
c(performance point)
(Capacity Spectrum Method, CSM)

| 187
Pushover
Pushover
Pushover
1
2
3
4
8.7.3
1.
2.8.39
A
B
C
C
2.8.39
C C
2.
Pushover
(Residual Force)
()midas
-(Full Newton-Raphson Method)
-
188 |
2.8.40
1(n) nP0 2.8.40 A
Kn U n Fn1 n P0
2.8.94
Kn (n)
Un (n)
Fn-1 (n-1)
n (n)
P0
nP0 (n)
2.8.94
K n U n n P0 Fn 1
K n U n n P0
2.8.95
nP0 (n)
2.8.95 Un
2 Un
(i)
(i)
Kn Fn
2.8.40 B
| 189
(i)
3 nP0 Rn
K n (i ) U n (i ) n P0 Fn (i )
K n (i ) U n (i ) Rn (i )
2.8.96
Kn(i) (n) i
Un(i) (n) i
Fn(i) (n) i
Rn(i) (n) i
(i)
2.8.96 Un
Rn(i)(1)~(3)
4 C
3.
(2.8.96) Un
(i )
Rn(i ) (1)~(3)
1
1( 2 )
-
a.
b.
2( 1)
190 |
U n(i )T U n(i )
D
U n(i )T U n(i )
2.8.97a
Fn(i )T Fn(i )
F
Fn(i )T Fn(i )
2.8.97b
Fn(i )T U n(i )
E
Fn(i )T U n(i )
2.8.97c
D
F
E
Un(i)
Un(i)
Fn(i)
Fn(i)
(n) i
(n) i
(n) i
(n) i
4.
Pushover
0.250.5
Pushover
Pushover
5. P-Delta
| 191
P-Delta P-Delta
P-Delta
K K G n U n Fn1 n P0
2.8.98
K
KG
Pushover
K KG 0
2.8.99
1FEMA ( 2.8.40 C )
2
0
6.
1
2
3
4
8.7.4
Full
Newton-Raphson
1
2
3
1.
192 |
n nstep
n P0
1 n nstep
1 P0
n 1
n 1
Displacement
2.8.41
1: (n=1)
ratio
Pyild Pini
Pcrnt Pini
2.8.100
ratio
Pyild
Pcrnt
Pini
90%
K1U1 Fini 1 P0 Pini
2.8.101
K 1 1
U 1 1
Fini
1 1 ( 1 0.9 * ratio )
P0
Pini
1 P0 1
| 193
22: (1 n nstep )
n n1
(nstep 1) n
nstep 1
1 1
2.8.102
i 1
n (n)
n 1 (n-1)
1 1
nstep
i
Pn n P0
2.8.103
3 3 : (n=nstep)
(nstep)
Pnstep nstep P0 ; nstep 1.0
2.8.42
()
2.
194 |
2.8.104
3.
1 Pushover nstep
2 >
No. X X
Function : 10
2 0.6 10 1.0
3.
Case 1 :
1 nstep =10
2
No.
Function
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
0.30
0.60
0.65
0.70
0.75
0.80
0.85
0.90
0.95
1.00
Case 2 : nstep
nstep =10
Case1
No.
Function
0
1
5
0.0
0.6
1.0
No.
Function
0.0
0.2
1.0
0.30
0.60
0.65
| 195
4.
(Current Stiffness Ratio)

1
Cs=100.0%
2 : 0.0%<Cs<100.0%
3
Cs=0.0%
Cs<0.0%
Cs 0
CS=100%
0%<CS100%
2.8.43
8.7.5
()
()
1%2%4%
ATC-40 FEMA-273 1% 2%
4%
8.7.6
Pushover
Pushover
196 |
1
2
3
8.7.7
1.
(1)-
-
P-M-M
()()
FEMA
(2)-
-
P-M-M
()()
()
(3)
FEMA
()
2. -
| 197
flexibility method
Euler Bernoulli Beam Theory
P-Delta
f T {Fxi , Fyi , Fzi , M xi , M yi , M zi , Fxj , Fyj , Fzj , M xj , M yj , M zj } 2.8.105a

uT {ui , vi , wi , xi , yi , zi , u j , v j , w j , xj , yj , zj }
z
y
Momenty
(+) Sheary
(-)
z
Momentz
(+)
2.8.105b
Momentz
(-)
Shearz
(+)
Momenty
Axial
(-) Sheary
(+)
(+)
Momentx
(-)
Shearz
(-)
Axial
(-)
Momentx
(+)
j
L
2.8.44
-
-Lumped Type
Hinge ModelDistributed Hinge Model
1-

2.8.106 U
u i
j
198 |
uT {ui , vi , wi , xi , yi , zi , u j , v j , w j , xj , yj , zj }
2.8.106
()()
u u j ui
2.8.107
x xj xi
2.8.108
2.8.45
s
z
y
Momenty
(+) Sheary
(-)
2.8.109
Momentz
(+)
Shearz
(-)
Axial
(-)
Momentx (+)
Momenty
(-) Sheary
(+)
Momentz
(-)
Shearz
(+)
Axial
(+)
Momentx (-)
j
L
w j wi
z
y
(-)
w j wi
Ly
wi(+)
yi(+)
yi(+)
w j wi
(-)
w j(-)
Ly
yi
w j wi
2.8.45
Ly
yi
yj
w j wi
Ly
(+)
yj
yj
yj(+)
sy
w j wi
L
sz
v j vi
L
2.8.110
| 199
2.8.111
2.8.107~2.8.111 u
u T { u
yi
zi
yj
zj
x }
2.8.112
u u j ui
yi
zi
yj
zj
w j wi
Ly
v j vi
Lz
zi
w j wi
Ly
v j vi
Lz
yi
2.8.113
yj
zj
x xj xi
u q
q u
k AB q
qAB k AB u
2.8.114
qABT q ABT {n myi mzi myj mzj mx } :
u
k AB
qS
qS T q y qz
200 |
2.8.115
q y
mzi mzj
Lz
qz
my i m
Ly
yj
2.8.116
q
-- q
q
) q
d f n q
2.8.117
fn
fn 1/ kn )
dn dn1 d
2.8.118
qn qn1 q
2.8.119
dn-1
qn-1

2.8.46 ()
1(n-1)(n) dn
dy dy
2 dn dy kn
kn* kn* fn*
3 kn* qn*
4 r r=qn-qn*
| 201
1
kn*
1
fn
kn
f n*
2.8.46
()
K n Fn1
2.8.120
Fn
Kn
2-
-
-(Lumped Type Hinge Model)
-
- 0
2.8.47
2.8.2
202 |
2.8.47
2.8.2
(unit)
(Fx)
-()
EA/L(N/m)
(FyFz)
GAs(N)
(Mx)
GJ/L(Nm)
(MyMz)
6EI/L, 3EI/L, 2EI/L(Nm)
-
-
(Single Component)(P-M-M)
-
12.8.105~2.8.111 q
q q
2 2.8.48(a)
f n f 0 f spr
1
1
1
kn
k0
ks p r
d n d el d spr
2.8.121a
2.8.121b
fn
f0
fspr
| 203
dn
del
dspr
2.8.48
f spr f n f 0
2.8.122
Fn = F0 + f spr
2.8.123
Fn
F0
fspr ( 0)
204 |
-
-
-
-
2.8.49 2.8.51
Ma
a
Mb
b
a
2.8.49
Ma
Mb
b
Va
12 6 L 12 6 L va
M
2
2
a EI 6 L 4 L 6 L 2 L a
3

Vb L 12 6 L 12 6 L vb
2
2
M b
6 L 2 L 6 L 4 L b
2.8.124
2.8.49 va vb 0 a b
M a EI 4 L2 2 L2 a
3 2
2
M b L 2 L 4 L b
2.8.125a
1
a L 3

b EI 1
6
1

6 M a
1 M b
3
2.8.125b
a b M a Mb
L
L
M a b
Mb
6 EI
6 EI
| 205
f0
L
,
6 EI
k0
6EI
L
2.8.125c
Ma
Ma
(a)
2.8.50
(b)
2.8.50 va
vb 0 M
Mb 0 )
0 2.8.124
M a EI 4 L2 2 L2 a
3 2
2
0 L 2 L 4 L b
2.8.126a
1
a
L 3

b EI 1
6
2.8.126b
1

6 M a
1 0
3
L
Ma
3EI
f0
L
,
3EI
k0
3EI
L
2.8.126c
3( M b M a )
Ma
b
Mb
a
2.8.51
2.8.51 va
206 |
Ma
Mb
b
vb 0 M
M a 2.8.124
M a EI 4 L2
3 2
M b L 2L
2 L2 a

4 L2 b
2.8.127a
1
a L 3

b EI 1
6
1

6 M a
1 M b
3
2.8.127b
f0
L
2 EI
k0
2EI
L
2.8.127c
3-
-
Gauss-Legendre
midas Gauss-Lobatto
-
midas -
(Distributed Type)
(Lumped Type)
- 1~20
-
-
- ()()
-
-
-
| 207
Rigid
Zone
Integration Point
(Inelastic Hinge)
Rigid
Zone
a
2.8.52
Inelastic Hinge
Rigid
Zone
Integration Point
Elastic Hinge
Rigid
Zone
b()
- 2.8.3
2.8.3

(unit)
EA(N)
(Fx)
(FyFz)
GAs(N)
(Mx)
(MyMz)
GJ(Nm )
EI(Nm )
-
-
(P-M-M)
-
1 21~
q q(x) q
(force interpolation function)
-
qAB ( x) b( x) qAB
2.8.128
q ABT = n myi mzi myj mzj
2.8.129
q AB ( x)T nsec
208 |
my ,sec
mz ,sec
0
0
0 0
1
x
b( x ) 0 1
0 0 ,
L
0
0 1 0
2.8.130
2.8.131
q y ,sec
qz ,sec
mzi mzj
Lz
m yi m yj
2.8.132
Ly
mx ,sec mx
myimzimyjmzj
q y ,sec qz ,sec
mx ,sec
2~ f ( x)
3 f ( x)
L
F bT ( x) f ( x)b( x)dx
2.8.133
f(x) x
b(x) x ()
F
L
x
4) -
3.
2.8.53 (x )
Fx2
Fx1
2.8.53
2.8.4
| 209
2.8.4
-()
(unit)
EA/L(N/m)

(Fx)
4.
(General Link)
(General Link Properties)
2.8.5
2.8.5
8.7.8
(Fx)
(EA/L)
(FyFz)
(GAs/L)
(Mx)
(GJ/L)
(MyMz)
(EI/L)
(Skeleton Curve)
--
---
2.8.2~2.8.5
8.7.8.1
midas
1
(midas Gen )
k0 (+)(-)
2
(midas Gen )
k0 (+)(-)
210 |
3FEMA
-(midas Gen )
k0 (+)(-)
4
8.7.8.2
1
2
3()
Force
Force
P1(+)
P1(+)
1K0
K0
2K0
1K0
P1(+)
K0
Deform.
K0 : Ini. Stiff.
K0 : Ini. Stiff.
1K0
P1(-)
(a)
2.8.54
8.7.8.3
Deform.
1K0
2K0
P1(-)
P2(-)
(b)
FEMA
FEMA (reversed cyclic load)

( 2.8.55)
FEMA
C
()
| 211
K0Ini.Stiff.
D
2.8.55
FEMA
A
A-B
B (nominal yield strength)
B-C (strain hardening) B-C

5~10%
C (nominal strength)
C-D (initial failure)
(fracture)(spalling)
D-E (residual resitance) 20%
E
8.7.8.4
P-M-M
P
Pmax
Pmax
MU,max
M
M
MY0 MU,max
PC0(t)
(a) ()
(b) ()
2.8.56 P-M-M
(Bresler)
212 |
M ny
M noy
M nx
M
nox
8.7.8.5
1.0
2.8.134
2.8.57 y
1 2.8.135
a
d
y 0.043 1.64npt 0.043 0.330
D
2.8.135
M
My
2 k0
1 k0
Mc
y k0
k0
c
2.8.57
M y Mc
My
Mc
2.8.136
(PMM )
y PMM y
1 Pi ( a)
2 P0 a
b
3 b y P y
| 213
P(compression)
Pmax
P y
c
a
Pi
P0
M
MY
MC
PC0(t )
Crack Surface
Yield Surface
P(tension)
2.8.58 PMM ay
8.7.9
Pushover
Pushover (CSM)
Pushover
8.7.9.1
Pushover -(V-U)-(A-T)
-(acceleration-displacement response
spectrum)
V
A
Pushover
V
k
M1
U
k k
(a) -()-
214 |
Tn,1
Tn2
4 2
Tn,2
Tn
V
(b) --()
2.8.59
--
V
M
D
k
2.8.137
2.8.138
M k
N
m
j
jk
j 1
2.8.139
m
j
2
jk
j 1
N m
j jk
j 1
2.8.140
m
j
2
jk
j 1
2.8.137 2.8.138 (MDOF)

(SDOF) A D
V U
(2.8.141)
--
2
8.7.9.2
Tn
2.8.141
(Performance Point)
| 215
ATC-40 (CSM)
Procedure-A Procedure-B ProcedureA Procedure-B
1(equivalent Damping)
(CSM) 5%
2.8.142a2.8.142b
Kinitial
api
api
ay
Keffective
ay
Eso
dpi
dy
dy
dpi
ED
ED
2.8.60
eq 0 0.05
0
2.8.142a
63.7(a y d pi d y a pi )
1 ED
4 ESO
a pi d pi
2.8.142b
ED =
ESO =
2.8.142a
eq 0 5
63.7(a y d pi d y a pi )
a pi d pi
2.8.143
eq (%)ATC-40 25%
50%
2(Effective Damping)
(stiffness degradation)
(strength deterioration)(slip or pinching)
216 |
ATC-40 (damping modification factor)
eq 0 5
63.7 (a y d pi d y a pi )
a pi d pi
2.8.144
2.8.6
0 (%)
()
16.25
A
()
> 16.25
1.0
1.13
25
B
()
> 25
C
()
0.51 a y d pi d y a pi
a pi d pi
0.67
0.845
a pi d pi
0.33
Teq Tn
2.8.145
Tn

= (api-ay) / (dpi-dy)
4
(spectrum reduction factor, SR)( 2.8.61)

Newmark Hall(1982)
(SRA)(SRV)2.8.146
ATC-40 ( 2.8.7)
| 217
Sa
SRA
SRV
2.8.61
SRA
Sd
3.21 0.68ln
5
a pi d pi
2.12
0.33 for Type A
0.44 for Type B 2.8.146a

0.56 for Type C
2.31 0.41ln
5 0.50
a pi d pi

SRV
0.56
1.65
0.67
2.8.7
for Type A
for Type B
for Type C
2.8.146b
SRA
SRV
Type A ()
1.00
0.33
0.50
Type B ()
0.67
0.44
0.56
Type C ()
0.33
0.56
0.67
5%
8.7.10
ATC-40
1. Procedure-A
ATC-40
1 5%
218 |
2. Procedure-B
2.8.62
1
()()
2
2.8.62
Procedure-B (ATC-40)
| 219
2.8.63 Procedure-A
2.8.64 Procedure-B
8.7.11
FEMA-273
ATC-40 2.8.65
C
B
IO
LS
CP
IO = (Immediate Occupancy)
LS = (Life Safety)
CP = (Collapse Prevention)
220 |
2.8.65
8.7.12
Pushover
2Pushover
> Pushover > Pushove
3Pushover
4
5()
6Pushover
> Pushover > Pushove Pushover
7
| 221
9.1
()
9.1.1
Mu Cu KS u f I f N p
2.9.1
M
C
KS
u
u u
p
fI
fN
Newmark-
Newmark-
Newton-Raphson
t t t
ut t ut 1 tut tut t
222 |
2.9.2
1
ut t ut tut - t 2ut t 2ut t
2
2.9.3
ut t
ut t 1- ut 1 tut
t

2
2.9.4
ut t
ut t - tut - t 2ut
2
t
2
2.9.5
ut t ut t - ut
ut t
2.9.6
ut t ut 1
t
ut t
tut
2.9.7
1
1
1
ut t
ut ut
2
t
t
2
2.9.8
Newton-Raphson
u (i ) u (i ) u (i 1)
u (i ) u (i ) - u (i-1)
u (i )
t
1
2.9.9
u (i )
2.9.10
t t (i)
i)
( i 1)
(i )
ut(
t ut t u
i)
( i 1)
(i )
i 1)
ut(
ut(
t ut t u
t
i)
( i 1)
(i )
i 1)
ut(
ut(
t ut t u
t
2.9.11
u (i)
t
1
u (i )
2.9.12
2.9.13
t t (i)
| 223
i)
(i )
(i )
Mut(
t Cut t f (u ) t t pt t
2.9.14
(2.9.14)(2.9.12)(2.9.13) u(i )
(i )
(i )
K Eff
u (i ) pEff
2.9.15
K Eff
1
i)
C Kt(
t
t
i 1)
( i 1)
( i 1)
pEff pt t Mut(
t Cut t f t t
2.9.16
2.9.17
K Eff
pEff
Kt(i ) t
u(i )
Newmark-
9.1.2
Pushover
Newton-Raphson
1)
2)
224 |
(O)
(X)
(O)
(X)
(Time Varying Static Load)

0 1
Pushover
9.1.3
(1)
(2)
P
Pini0
P1(+)
Pini
P2(+)
Pini0
(=Pini )
P1(+)
K0
K0
Dini D1(+)
a
2.9.1
D1(+)
D2(+)
Dini
( 2.9.1)
(1) K 0 Dini
a. Dini ()
b. Dini Dini Pini Dini Pini
(2) ut t
(3) ut t ut tut tut t

D P
| 225
(4)
D* D Dini P* P Pini
(5) D* P *
(6)
(7) D D* Dini
P P* Pini
(8) 2
9.1.4
1 6EI/L
3EI/L2EI/L
2
3
(+)(-)(+)(-)
(+)(-)
(+)(-)
9.1.5
(Residual Force)
1
Newton- Raphson
2
2.9.2 -
226 |
unT un
unT un
T
peff
, n peff , n
T
peff
,1 peff ,1
T
peff
un
T
peff
,1 u1
2.9.18
D
F
E
T
peff
n
un n
un n
eff
eff
R ; Effective Load
t t
R t t
Eff
Eff
eff
Rt
K t(2)
t
K t(1)t
rt(2)
t
rt(1)
t
eff R t t
t
Eff
K t(0)
t
u ; Displacement
ut
ut(0)
t
ut(1)t
(3)
ut(2)
t u t t
eff R t t ; Incremental Effective Load

rt t ; Residual Force
2.9.2
9.2
9.2.1
flexibility method
Euler Bernoulli Beam Theory
>>
>
| 227
Inelastic Hinge
M
Rigid
Zone
Elastic Beam
Rigid
Zone
Rigid
Zone
Integration Point
(a)
Rigid
Zone
(b)
2.9.3
-
2.9.4
(
)
()
ij
cord rotation
angle:
M
Inelastic Hinge
M
Rigid
Zone
Elastic Beam
Inelastic Spring
2.9.4
228 |
Rigid
Zone
1.
(Lumped Type Hinge Model)
--
()
FS FH FH 0
2.9.19
F FB FS
2.9.20
K = F 1
2.9.21
FH
FH0
FS
FB
e
1
FS
1
FS0
1
FH
2.9.5
-
-
2.9.6
| 229
?
M
?
M
2.9.6
6EI
L
3EI
L
2EI
L
(=L=EI)
2.
(Distributed Type Hinge Model)
-(Gauss-Lobbato)
--
L
F bT ( x) f ( x)b( x)dx
2.9.22
K = F 1
2.9.23
f(x) x
b(x) x
F
K
L
x
1
EI
EI
I
2.9.7
230 |
-(Gauss-Legendre)
-(Gauss-Lobatto)
120
2.9.8
-
(Classical Gauss Integration)
5
5
a=1
b=2
c=3
d=4
e=5
2.9.8
9.2.2
f=6
joint i
kx
k x
ky
kz
k y
k z
joint j
2.9.9
(General Link)
| 231
9.2.3
kx
j
nj , uj
ni , ui
i
n ,u
L
2.9.10
9.3
-
-
2.9.1
9.3.1
232 |
2.9.1
(Kinematic
P-M-M
P-M
P-M
P-M
P-M
P-M
hardening/Trilinar)
(Normal Bilinear)
(Normal Trilinear)
(Origin-oriented/Trilinar)
(Peak-oriented/Trilinar)
(Origin Peakoriented/Trilinear)
P-M
(Clough/Bilinear)
P-M
(Degrading Tri-linear)
P-M
(Original Takeda Triliear)
P-M
(Original Takeda Tetralinear)
P-M
(Modified Takeda Trilinear)
(Modified Takeda
P-M
Tetralinear)
P-M
(Elastic Bilinear)
(Elastic Trilinear)
P-M
P-M
(Elastic Tetralinear)
| 233
P-M
(Slip Bilinear)
P-M
(Slip Bilinear/Tension)
P-M
(Slip Bilinear/Compression)
P-M
(Slip Trilinear)
P-M
(Slip Trilinear/Tension)
P-M
(Slip Trilinear/Compression)
9.3.2
Ramberg Osgood
Hardin Drnevich
()
2.9.11
()
a
234 |
P(+)
M cr f tk Z
MZ(+)
Z
N
A
ftk
Z
A
N
y
My(+)
z
Ds2
Ds3
Dc
ecu
es1
Ds1
Ds4 es3
es4
fck
a1fck
fs1
es2 c
fs2
fs3
fs3
fs4
f
si
fs1
b1c
fs2
fs4
f
si
DC
b
2.9.11
9.4
(response point)-
(Bauschinger Effect)
(Strain Hardening)
| 235
9.4.1
P1(+)
K0
D1(-)
K2(+)
K0
K0
D1(+)
K2(-)
2.9.12
P1(-)
P1(+)P1(-)
D1(+)D1(-)
K0
(+)
K2 K2(-) K2(+)=1(+)K0K2(-)=1(-)K0
1(+)1(-)
3
Dmax D1 K0
D D1(+)
D1(+)<D, D<D1(-)(Masing)
236 |
9.4.2
(Bauschinger effect)
P
P2(+)
K3(+)
P1(+)
K0
K2(+)
K0
K0
K0
K0
D
D2(-)
D1(-)
K2(-)
D1(+)
D2(+)
P1(-)
K3(-)
P2(-)
2.9.13
P1(+)P1(-)
P2(+)P2(-)
D1(+)D1(-)
D2(+)D2(-)
K0
(+)
K2 K2(-) K2(+)=1(+)K0K2(-)=1(-)K0
K3(+)K3(-) K3(+)=2(+)K0K3(-)=2(-)K0
1(+)1(-)
2(+)2(-)
3
Dmax D2
Dmax D2
| 237
9.4.3
P
K3(+)
P2(+)
K2(+)
P1(+)
K0
D2(-)
D1(-)
D1(+)
D
D2(+)
P1(-)
K2(-)
P2(-)
K3(-)
2.9.14
P1(+)P1(-)
P2(+)P2(-)
D1(+)D1(-)
D2(+)D2(-)
K0
(+)
K2 K2(-) K2(+)=1(+)K0K2(-)=1(-)K0
K3(+)K3(-) K3(+)=2(+)K0K3(-)=2(-)K0
1(+)1(-)
2(+)2(-)
238 |
9.4.4
P
K3(+)
P2(+)
K2(+)
P1(+)
K0
D1(-)
D2(-)
D1(+)
D
D2(+)
P1(-)
(-)
K2
P2(-)
K3
(-)
2.9.15
P1(+)P1(-)
P2(+)P2(-)
D1(+)D1(-)
D2(+)D2(-)
K0
(+)
K2 K2(-) K2(+)=1(+)K0K2(-)=1(-)K0
K3(+)K3(-) K3(+)=2(+)K0K3(-)=2(-)K0
1(+)1(-)
2(+)2(-)
| 239
9.4.5
()
max
()
, Pmax
K2(+)
P1(+)
Kr(+)
K0
D1(-)
Kr(-)
D1(+)
P1(-)
( )
max
( )
max
,P
K2(-)
P
P1(+)
D1(+)
D1(-)
P1(-)
2.9.16
P1(+)P1(-)
D1(+)D1(-)
240 |
K0
(+)
K2 K2(-) K2(+)=1(+)K0K2(-)=1(-)K0
1(+)1(-)
Kr ( ) K 0
Kr(+)Kr(-)
Kr ( ) K0
D1( )
( )
Dmax
D1( )
()
Dmax
K0
(+)
K0 Dmax
Dmax(-)

3
Dmax D1 K 0
D D1() K 2()
K 2(-)
D1(+)DD D1(-) Kr () Kr (-)

9.4.6
P
P2(+)
P1(+)
D2(-)
D1(-)
D1(+)
D2(+)
P1(-)
P2(-)
2.9.17
P1(+)P1(-)
| 241
P2(+)P2(-)
D1(+)D1(-)
D2(+)D2(-)
K0
(+)
K2 K2(-) K2(+)=1(+)K0K2(-)=1(-)K0
K3(+)K3(-) K3(+)=2(+)K0K3(-)=2(-)K0
1(+)1(-)
2(+)2(-)
3
Dmax D1 K 0
D D1() K 2()
K 2(-)
D1( )
D D D1( )

(-)
P ( ) Pmax
1
Kr1 max
K0 K0 ,
()
(-)
Dmax Dmax K1
9.4.7
K1
P 2( ) P 2
(-)
D 2( ) D 2
(-)
2.9.24
P
P2(+)
P1(+)
D2(-)
D1(-)
D1(+)
D2(+)
P1(-)
P2(-)
2.9.18
242 |
P1(+)P1(-)
P2(+)P2(-)
D1(+)D1(-)
D2(+)D2(-)
K0
(+)
K2 K2(-) K2(+)=1(+)K0K2(-)=1(-)K0
K3(+)K3(-) K3(+)=2(+)K0K3(-)=2(-)K0
1(+)1(-)
2(+)2(-)

()
()
Kun
Kr ( ) Kun
Kr ( )
3
Dmax D1 K0 (Rule0)
()
(+)
(-)
D D1 K2 K2 (Rule1)
(Rule2)
(Rule3)
(+)
(-)
K2 K2 (Rule4)
P
Rule: 4
P2(+)
Rule: 1
P1(+)
(+)
K2
Rule: 0
Rule: 3
K0
Rule: 2
(+)
D2(-)
Kr1
D1(-)
D1(+)
D2(+)
P1(-)
Rule: 5
(-)
K2
P2(-)
| 243
(+)
(-)
D D2() K3 K3 (Rule:13)
(+)
(-)
Kr Kr (Rule:15)
( )
Kr P1 P1 (Rule:17)
Kr
()
Kb
()
Dmax
D2 ()
Kr
()
Kb
()
Dmax
D2 ()
2.9.25
(=0.4Default)
Kb
()
P 2 ( ) P1( )
Kb
D 2 ( ) D1( )
( )
P 2 ( ) P1( )
D 2 ( ) D1( )
2.9.26
P
Rule: 16
Rule: 13
P2(+)
K3(+)
Rule: 15
P1(+)
Rule: 14
Kr(+)
D2(-)
D1(+)
D1(-)
D2(+)
Rule: 17
P1(-)
Rule: 18
Rule: 19
P2(-)
K3(-)
0 (Rule:18)
(Rule:20) 0
(-)
(+)
Kun Kun 0
(Rule:21)
P
Rule: 13
P2(+)
K3(+)
Kr(+)
P1(+)
Rule: 14
()
K un
Rule: 21
D2(-)
Rule: 22
D1(-)
D
K
()
un
Rule: 17
Rule: 20
Rule: 23
P1(-)
Rule: 18
P2(-)
K3(-)
244 |
9.4.8
P
K4(+)
P3(+)
P2(+)
P1(+)
D3(-)
D2(-) D1(-)
D1(+)
D2(+)
D3(+)
P1(-)
P2(-)
P3(-)
K4(-)
2.9.19
P1(+)P1(-)
P2(+)P2(-)
D1(+)D1(-)
D2(+)D2(-)
K0
(+)
K2 K2(-) K2(+)=1(+)K0K2(-)=1(-)K0
K3(+)K3(-) K3(+)=2(+)K0K3(-)=2(-)K0
1(+)1(-)
2(+)2(-)

3

D D3()
| 245
D D3() K 4() K 4(-)

9.4.9
P
P2(+)
P1(+)
D2(+)
D2(-)
D1(-) D1(+)
P1(-)
P2(-)
2.9.20
P1(+)P1(-)
P2(+)P2(-)
D1(+)D1(-)
D2(+)D2(-)
K0
(+)
K2 K2(-) K2(+)=1(+)K0K2(-)=1(-)K0
K3(+)K3(-) K3(+)=2(+)K0K3(-)=2(-)K0
1(+)1(-)
2(+)2(-)

3
246 |
Dmax D1 K0 (Rule0)
(+)
(-)
D D1() K2 K2 (Rule1)
(Rule2)
(Rule3)
(+)
(-)
K2 K2 (Rule4)
P
D
P2(+)
()
max
()
, Pmax
Rule: 1
P1(+)
Rule: 0
K2(+)
K0
Rule: 4
Rule: 3
Rule: 2
Kr(+)
D1(-)
D2(-)
D2(+)
D1(+)
Rule: 5
( )
max
( )
, Pmax
P1(-)
P2(-)
(+)
(-)
D D2() K3 K3 (Rule:10)
(+)
(-)
Kr Kr (Rule:11)
Kr
()
D()
max K 0 * max
D1( )
, Kb
2.9.27
Kb
()
( )
Pmax
Pmax
()
( )
Dmax
Dmax
2.9.28
( 0.4, Default )
0 (Rule:14)
(Rule:15) 0
(-)
(+)
Kun Kun 0
(Rule:16)
| 247
9.4.10
P
P3(+)
K4(+)
P2(+)
P1(+)
D3(-)
D2(-) D1(-) D1(+)
D2(+)
D3(+)
P1(-)
K4(-)
2.9.21
P2(-)
P3(-)
P1(+)P1(-)
P2(+)P2(-)
D1(+)D1(-)
248 |
D2(+)D2(-)
K0
(+)
K2 K2(-) K2(+)=1(+)K0K2(-)=1(-)K0
K3(+)K3(-) K3(+)=2(+)K0K3(-)=2(-)K0
1(+)1(-)
2(+)2(-)

9.4.11
P
K2(+)
P1(+)
K0
D1(-)
D1(+)
K0
P1(-)
(-)
K2
2.9.22
P1(+)P1(-)
D1(+)D1(-)
K0
(+)
K2 K2(-) K2(+)=1(+)K0K2(-)=1(-)K0
1(+)1(-)
9.4.12
| 249
P
K3(+)
P2(+)
K2(+)
P1(+)
K0
D2(-)
D1(-)
D1(+)
D2(+)
P1(-)
K2(-)
P2(-)
K3(-)
2.9.23
P1(+)P1(-)
P2(+)P2(-)
D1(+)D1(-)
D2(+)D2(-)
K0
(+)
K2 K2(-) K2(+)=1(+)K0K2(-)=1(-)K0
K3(+)K3(-) K3(+)=2(+)K0K3(-)=2(-)K0
1(+)1(-)
2(+)2(-)
9.4.13
250 |
P
P3(+)
P2(+)
K3(+)
P1(+)
D2(-) D1(-)
D3(-)
K4(+)
K2(+)
K0
D1(+) D2(+) D3(+)
K0
P1(-)
(-)
K2
K4(-)
K3
P2(-)
P3(-)
(-)
2.9.24
P1(+)P1(-)
P2(+)P2(-)
P3(+)P3(-)
D1(+)D1(-)
D2(+)D2(-)
D3(+)D3(-)
K0
(+)
K2 K2(-) K2(+)=1(+)K0K2(-)=1(-)K0
K3(+)K3(-) K3(+)=2(+)K0K3(-)=2(-)K0
K4(+)K4(-) K4(+)=3(+)K0K4(-)=3(-)K0
1(+)1(-)
2(+)2(-)
3(+)3(-)
3

0
P
(8)
(9)
(3)
(7)
(2)
(10)
(15)
(16)
(11)
(1)
(4)
(6)
(5)
(20)
(14)
(17)
(12)
(13)
(19)
(18)
| 251
9.4.14
K2(+)
P1(+)
() ( )
gap
gap
K0
D1(-)
K0
D
K0
D1(+)
K0
P1(-)
K2(-)
a
P
()
gap
K2(+)
P1(+)
D1(-)
K0
K0
()
gap
K0
K0
D
P1(-)
D1(+)
K2(-)
b/
2.9.25
c/
P1(+)P1(-)
D1(+)D1(-)
K0
(+)
K2 K2(-) K2(+)=1(+)K0K2(-)=1(-)K0
1(+)1(-)
gap(+)gap(-)
252 |
9.4.15
a
P
P
K3(+)
P2(+)
K2(+)
P1(+)
()
gap
( )
gap
K0
K0
D1(+)
D2(-)
D2(+)
K2(-)
K3(-)
b/
2.9.26
D1(-)
K0
K0
P1(-)
P1(-)
c/
P1(+)P1(-)
P2(+)P2(-)
D1(+)D1(-)
| 253
D2(+)D2(-)
K0
(+)
K2 K2(-) K2(+)=1(+)K0K2(-)=1(-)K0
K3(+)K3(-) K3(+)=2(+)K0K3(-)=2(-)K0
1(+)1(-)
2(+)2(-)
gap(+)gap(-)
9.4.16
1
-(Ramberg-Osgood)
1
G0
2.9.29
0
2
1
2G0
2 hmax
2
2 hmax
r G0
G0
G0
()
hmax
254 |
2.9.30
2.9.31
0
Skeleton Curve
G0
( 0 , 0 )
G0
Hysteresis Curve
( 0 , 0 )
2.9.27
9.4.17
1
--
G0
1 r
2.9.32
G0 ( m )
()
1 m / 2 r
2.9.33
G0 ( m )
()
1 m / 2 r
2.9.34
G0
( m , m )
| 255
G0 ()
r

0
Skeleton Curve
G0
( 0 , 0 )
G0
Hysteresis Curve
( 0 , 0 )
2.9.28
9.5
(Fiber Model)
1(Fiber Model)
256 |
9.5.1
2.9.29
b
2.9.29
()
N
a(i ) a(Ti )
i 1
a(Ti ) K s ,(i ) a( i )
1
Fs K s,(0)
2.9.35
K s ,(i )
1
kn,(i )
k1,(i )
0
0
0
k2,(i )
0
1
1 1
rn,(i ) rn,(i 1) kn,(0)
0
k3,(i )
(n 1, 2,3; i 1, 2)
2.9.36
2.9.37
i ()
Fs
a(i) i
| 257
kn,(i) n i (i=0 )
rn,(i) n i (i=0 1.0)
Fs
(Mroz)
(hardening rule)
2.9.30
9.5.2
P-MP-M-M
P-M P-M-M
1P-M
P-M
P-M
>>
()
258 |
2
1
2.9.31
P-M
2P-M-M
P-M-M PM-M (Kinematic Hardening type)
aP-M ()
bP-M-M ()
2.9.32 P-M P-M-M
9.5.3
P-M M-M
P-M
| 259
P Pbal
M
M max
Pmax Pbal
1.0
2.9.38
M y z (My Mz)
Mmax
P
Pbal
Pmax
y z (My,max Mz,max)

y z (Pbal,y Pbal,z)

y z (y z)
M-M
My
M y ,max
Mz
M z ,max
1.0
2.9.39
My,max y
Mz,max z
M-M
y
f P, M y , M z
M
y ,max
M
z

M
z ,max
g y M y , M z
g z M y , M z
P Pbal , y
P P
max bal , y
P Pbal , z
P P
max bal , z
2.9.40
My
M y ,max
gy M y, M z
My Mz

M y ,max M z ,max
260 |
2.9.41
Mz
M z ,max
gz M y , M z
My Mz

M y ,max M z ,max
2.9.42
yz
1.03.0 0.1 y z
y z P-My P-Mz
2.9.33
x1 0.8 x2
yc1 0.9 yc2
yt1 0.9 yt2
2.9.33
9.6
| 261
2.9.34
()
()
()
(Fiber Model)
(Layer Model)
2.9.34
20 - 2
()
2.9.35
262 |
Q1 , Q2 , Q3 , Q4 , Q5
2.9.43
q1 , q 2 , q3 , q 4 , q 5
2.9.44
D(x) M z (x) M y (x) N(x)
2.9.45
d (x) z (x) y (x) (x)
2.9.46
Di (x) b(x) Qi
2.9.47
b(x) (Force Interpolation Function)
x x
0
0
0
L -1 L

x x
b(x) 0
0
-1 0
L L
0
0
0
0
1
2.9.48
2.9.36
| 263
zi
y (x)
1 z (x)
(x)
x
-yi
2.9.49
x
y(x) x y
z(x) x z
x(x) x
yi i y
zi i z
i i
i
(constitutive relation)
n(x) j
2
E i Ai y i
i=1
n(x)
k j (x) - E ji A i yi z i
i=1
n(x) j
- E i A i y i
i=1
n(x)
- E ji A i yi z i
i=1
n(x)
j
i
A i z 2i
i=1
n(x)
j
i
Ai zi
i=1
f j (x) k j (x)
n(x)
- E ji A i y i
i=1
n(x)
E ji A i z i 2.9.50
i=1
n(x)
E ji A i
i=1
2.9.51
k j (x) j
x
f (x) j x
n(x) x
j
E j i (x) j x
Ai i
yi , zi i
n(x)
DR (x) - ji Ai yi
i=1
j
264 |
n(x)
i=1
n(x)
ji Ai zi
i=1
ji Ai
2.9.52
-
-()
9.6.1
1Modified Menegotto & Pinto Steel Model

1
(1973) (Filippou1983)
(Kinematic Hardening)
(1 b)
R 1/ R
2.9.53
r
r
a
,
, R R0 1
0 r
0 r
a2
2.9.54

(r, r)
(0, 0)
b
R0, a1, a2
(0, 0)
()
/0 ()
(Fy/E)( 2.9.37)
1.Menegotto, M. and Pinto, P.E., Method of Analysis for Cyclically Loaded ReinForced Concrete Plane Frames Including
Changes in Geometry and Non-Elastic Behavior of Elements under Combined Normal Force and Bending, Proceedings, IABSE
Symposium on Resistance and Ultimate Deformability of Structures Acted on by Well Defined Repeated Loads, Lisbon, 1973,
pp.15-22.
2. Filippou, F.C., Popov, E.P. and Bertero, V.V., Effects of Bond Deterioration on Hysteretic Behavior of ReinForced Concrete
Joints, EERC Report 83-19, Earthquake Engineering Research Center, Berkeley, 1983.
| 265
( 0
, 0) 2
, r)1
( r
Fy
b
E
E
( r
, r )2
( 0
, 0)1
1
2.9.37
-
4
266 |
2.9.38
1
2 E2 E4
3 E3 E4
4 E1
5 1 E5
6
7
8
16 E1
9.6.2
1
3
4
Scott(1982) Kent Park(1971)
(Confinement Effect)
Kf c 2
c
0 0
Kf c 1 Z 0 0.2 Kf c
for 0
2.9.55
for 0 u
0
u
fc
(MPa)
3. Scott, B.D., Park, R. and Priestley, M.J.N., StressStrain Behavior of Concrete Confined by Overlapping Hoops at Low and High Strain Rates, ACI Journal, Vol.79, No.1, 1982, pp.
13-27.
4. Kent, D.C., and Park, R., Flexural Members with Confined Concrete, Journal of the Structural Division, ASCE, 97(ST7), 1971
| 267
compressive
stress
K
fc
Z
K
fc
0.2K
fc
0
2.9.39
compressive
strain
Modified Kent & Park
(Crushing)
Kent Park
0 0.002K
K 1
Z
2.9.56
s f yh
f c
2.9.57
0.5
3 0.29 f c
h
0.75 s
0.002 K
145 f c 1000
sh
2.9.58
fyh
()(MPa)
s =/
h
() (
)
sk
Scott (1982)
u 0.004 0.9 s f yh / 300
2.9.59
(p, 0)
p

0.145 r 0.13 r
0
0
0
2
0.707 r 2 0.834
0
0
268 |

for r 2
0

for r 2
0
2.9.60
r
p
2
50 N/mm -
2.9.40
'c E0 K ( 'c ' p )

E0
'
exp 0.73 max
' peak
2.9.61
2 f 'c
' peak
2.9.62
'
1 exp 1.25 max
' peak
' p 'max 2.86 ' peak 1 exp 0.35
2.9.63
2.9.64
'max
' peak
' peak
'max
' p
| 269
3
()
2.9.41
1 n1
c
Ec c 1
n cc

cc Edes ( c cc )
(0 c cc )
2.9.65
( cc c cu )
Ec cc
Ec cc cc
2.9.66
cc ck 3.8 s sy
cc
0.002 0.033
Edes
cu
270 |
11.2
cc

0.2 cc
cc E
des
2.9.67
s sy
ck
2.9.68
2ck
s sy
( T y p e
I
2.9.69
2.9.70
( T y p e
II
4 Ah
sd
0.018
2.9.71
c
cc
ck
c
cc
cu
Ec
Edes
s
Ah
s
d
sy
,(=1=0.2, 0.4)
4
2.9.42
2
c ck 2 c / 0 c / 0
2.9.72
| 271
ck
bt
cu
0
5
-
2.9.43
6(GB50010-2002)-
-( 2.9.44)
2
3
x1, y=ax+(3-2a)x +(a-2)x
2
x>1, y=x/[d(x-1) +x]

x=/c y=/f*c
2.9.73
2.9.74
2.9.75
ad -
f*c (fckfc fcm)
c f*c
u - 0.5f*c
2.9.44
272 |
2.9.2
f*c(N/mm2)
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
c(10-6)
1370
1470
1560
1640
1720
1790
1850
1920
1980
2030
2.21
2.15
2.09
2.03
1.96
1.90
1.84
1.78
1.71
1.65
0.41
0.74
1.06
1.36
1.65
1.94
2.21
2.48
2.74
3.00
u/c
4.2
3.0
2.6
2.3
2.1
2.0
1.9
1.9
1.8
1.8
-( 2.9.45)
x1, y=1.2x-0.2x6
2.9.76
1.7
x>1, y=x/[t(x-1) +x]
2.9.77
x=/t y=/f*t
2.9.78
t -
f*t (ftkft ftm)
t f*t
2.9.45
2.9.3
f*t(N/mm2)
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
t(10-6)
65
81
95
107
118
128
0.31
0.70
1.25
1.95
2.81
3.82
| 273
10
10.1
midas Civil
1
midas Civil
1()()
2
3
4
5
6
10.2
midas Civil (creep)(shrinkage)(aging)
274 |
10
10.2.1
2.10.1
2.10.1 (true elastic strain)

midas Civil
1.5~3 1/2
5
2.10.1
1
2
3
4
t 0 =1 t
J (t,t0 )
(t ) i (t0 ) c (t, t0 ) J (t, t0 )
2.10.1
J (t, t0 ) (creep function)
| 275
2.10.2
2.10.2 J (t , t0 )
J (t , t0 )
1
C (t , t0 )
E (t0 )
2.10.2
E (t0 ) C (t, t ) t (specific

creep) J (t , t0 )
0
J (t , t0 )
1 (t , t0 )
E (t0 )
2.10.3
(t, t0 ) (creep coefficient)
(t , t0 ) E(t0 ) C(t, t0 )
C (t , t 0 )
(t , t0 )
E (t 0 )
2.10.4
2.10.5
midas Civil
(creep coefficient)
(creep function)(specific creep)
(JTJ D62-2004)
F
(aging)
2.10.4
()
276 |
10
2.10.3
2.10.4
10.2.1
4~7
14
28
90
365
3.8
3.2
2.8
2.0
1.1
4.0
3.4
3.0
2.2
1.3
t0 t
s (t, t0 ) so f (t, t0 )
so
f (t , t0 ) t
2.10.6
to
| 277
10.2.2
(non-mechanical)
midas Civil
(>>)
(>
>())
c (t, t0 ) (t, t0 ) (t0 )
2.10.7
P E (t ) c (t , t0 )dA
2.10.8
(t0) t0
(t, t0 ) t0 t
t0 t
(t0 )
t0
c (t ) C (t0 , t t0 )
c(t) t
C(t0, t-t0)(specific creep)
t0
278 |
dt0
2.10.9
10
n 1
c,n j C (t j , tn t j )
2.10.10
j 1
tj
tn1 c , n
tn
n 1
n2
j 1
j 1
c,n c ,n c ,n 1 j C (t j , tn t j ) j C t j , tn 1 t j
2.10.11
tn t j
C t j , tn t j ai t j 1 e i
i 1
2.10.12
ai(tj)
tj
(2.10.12)(2.10.11)
c ,n
c ,n
tn1 t j
t t
n2
n n1
i
j ai t j e
n 1ai tn 1 1 e i

i 1 j 1
t t
n n1
Ai ,n 1 e i
i 1
2.10.13
2.10.14
n2
Ai , n j ai t j e
tn1 t j
i
n 1ai tn 1 n 2
2.10.15
j 1
Ai ,n Ai ,n 1e
tn1 tn2
i
n 1ai tn 1
Ai ,2 1ai t1
2.10.16
2.10.17
Cai
i A A
| 279
midas Civil
10.2.3
1/4 1/2
midas Civil
sh (t2 , t1 ) sh (t2 , t0 ) sh (t1, t0 )
2.10.18
sh(t2,t1)
t1 t2
sh(t1,t0)
t0 t1
sh(t2,t0)
t0 t2
Fprimary EA sh
2.10.19
()
()
Fsec ondary EA( sh ) F Fprimary
2.10.20
10.2.4
(
)
280 |
10
10.3
midas Civil (base stage)(construction stage)
(final stage)
1(base stage)
2(construction stage)
()()
3(final stage)
midas Civil 2.10.5

0()
2.10.5
| 281
midas Civil
(>
>)
( 0 1 )
()
()
100%
0%
""
""
2.10.6
2.10.6
midas Civil ""
282 |
10
2.10.6
10.4
10.4.1
1
2
| 283
10.4.2
1
2
3
4
2.10.7
10.5
midas Civil
284 |
10
10.5.1
()
(Sag)
mono-Duo
1
2
3
4
10.5.2
N-1 N
2.10.8
X-Z
Wsi Wci i
Ti
di
d
Ti 1 i 1 ( i 1, 2, ..., N 1 )
li
li 1
2.10.21
| 285
T1
d1
d
d
T2 2 TN N Tx
l1
l2
lN
2.10.22
Ti i-1 i
li
Tx
Y-Z
2.10.9
Y-Z
Ti
zi zi 1
z z
z zi
Ti 1 i 1 i Pi Gi
Wci ( i 1 , 2 ,..., N 1 ) 2.10.23
li
li 1
hi
Pi i hi
(2.10.23)(2.10.24) N-1
z z
z z
z zi
Tx i 1 i i i 1 Pi Gi
Wci Wsi Wci
di
di 1
hi
( i 1 , 2 ,..., N 1 )
2.10.24
Wsi Wci
zi ( i 1 , 2 ,..., N 1 ) Tx N N-1
286 |
10
zN
2
10.5.3
1
(z
2
z0 ) f
2.10.25
N-1
y yi
y yi 1
yGi yi
y yi
Tx i 1
i
Wsi Gi
Pi
di
di 1
hi
zGi zi 2.10.26
( i 1 , 2 ,..., N 1 )
( Tx ) y
y0 , y N N-1 yi ( i 1 , 2 ,..., N 1 ) N-1
10.5.4
2
(1)
2.10.10
| 287
2.10.11
10.5.5
()
288 |
10
2.10.12
| 289
11
80100cm 50cm
11.1
11.1.1
(Fourier's Law)
Qx kA
Qx
A
k
T

x
290 |
T
x
2.11.1
11
1.21~3.11 kcal / m2 h C
11.1.2
(forced convection)(free convection)
(temperature field)
T T
q hc (T T )
2.11.2
q T T hc
hc hn hf 5.2 3.2v (m/sec)
2.11.3
() kcal / m2 h C
11.1.3
( C )
T K (1 e t )
2.11.4
T ( C )
K ( C )

t ()
| 291
1
cK e t / 24
24
2.11.5
c g
kcal / m3 h t
11.1.4
T Ts ,o Tm,i Tm,o
qconv hp As (Ts Tm ) hP As s ,i
2
2
2.11.6
hp ( kcal / m2 h C )
As (m2 )
Ts ,Tm ( C )
11.1.5
11.1.6
11.1.7
CT (K H)T FQ Fh Fq
() C cNi N j dxdydz
V
292 |
2.11.7
2.11.8
11
Ni N j
x x
K k xx
k yy
Ni N j
y y
k zz
dxdydz
z z
Ni N j
2.11.9
H hNi N j dSh
S
2.11.10
FQ NiQdxdydz
2.11.11
Fh hT Ni dSh
2.11.12
Fq qNi dSq
2.11.13
T

c
kxxkyykzz
h
Q
q
11.2
11.2.1
(JSCE, 2002)(Japanese standard, 2002)
| 293
CEB-FIP MODEL CODE

Ohzagi
CEB-FIP MODEL CODE
n
4000
teq ti exp 13.65
273 T (ti ) / T0
i 1
2.11.14
teq (days)
ti (days)
T(ti) ( C )
T0 1
(Japanese standard, 2002)
teq
T (ti ) 10
ti
30
2.11.15
teq (days)
ti (days)
T(ti) ( C )
Ohzagi
n
M ti T (ti ) 10
2.11.16
i 1
0.0003(T (ti ) 10)2 0.006(T (ti ) 10) 0.55
M ( C )
ti (days)
T(ti) ( C )
294 |
2.11.17
11
11.2.2
1(2003)
fcu (t )
t
d (i) f ck
a bt
2.11.18
ab
d(i) 91 28
2ACI CODE
c (t )
t
c (28)
a bteq
2.11.19
ab
c(28) 28
3CEB-FIP MODEL CODE
1/ 2

28

c (t ) exp s 1
c (28)
teq / t1
2.11.20
s
c(28) 28
t1 1 day
4Ohzagi
c (t ) c(28) y
2.11.21
y ax 2 bx c
2.11.22
M
x 2.389ln
1.0
3.5
2.11.23
abc
c(28) 28
| 295
11.2.3
11.2.4
11.2.5
11.3
1 > > (/) >
> () >
>
2 > (
)
3 >
4>
2.11.1
296 |
11
2.11.2
2.11.3
| 297
1st Stage
2nd Stage
3rd Stage
2.11.4
298 |
12 PSC
12
PSC
12.1
1()
()
()
()
()
2()
()
()
1()
()
()
()
2()
()
()
midas Civil
midas Civil
| 299
midas Civil
midas Civil
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
12.2
Pe 20%
15%
midas Civil
12.2.1
l1
(curvature friction)
(wobble friction) (/radian)
k
l1 con [1 e( x ) ]
2.12.1
con

(rad)

x
2.12.1 (JTJ D62-2004) 6.2.2

300 |
12 PSC
2.12.1
0.0015
0.200.25
0.50
0.0015
0.140.17
0.0030
0.35
0.40
0.0010
0.25
0.0015
0.55
0.60
2.12.2 (TB10002.32005)
6.3.4-1
2.12.2
12.2.2
0.55
0.0015
0.35
0.0030
0.200.26
0.00200.0030
l2
(Overstressing)
midas Civil
(TB10002.32005) D
2.12.1
| 301
2.12.1
midas Civil
2.12.3 (JTJ D62-2004) 6.2.3
2.12.3
2.12.4 (TB10002.32005)
6.3.4-2
2.12.4
12.2.3
4
6
0.05
l4
2.12.2
2.12.3
midas Civil
302 |
12 PSC
Pj
(a)
(b)
2.12.2
Pi
Pj
(a)
(b)
2.12.3
12.2.4
(c)
Pi
(c)
l5
(relaxation)
(JTJ D62-2004) 6.2.6

F F.3
F.3
1( WireStrand )
l 5 (0.52
pe
0.26) pe
f pk
2.12.2
1.0 0.9
1.0 0.3
fpk
2( SteelBar )
| 303
l 5 0.05 con
2.12.3
l 5 0.035 con
2.12.4
con
3( F F.3)
2.12.5
()
10
20
30
40
0.5
0.61
0.74
0.87
1.00
(TB10002.32005) 6.3.4-5
6.3.4-5
2 40
l 5 con
2.12.5
con
TB05
()
a
0.4(
con
f pk
0.5)
2.12.6
b
con 0.7 f pk
con
0.5)
2.12.7
con
0.575)
f pk
2.12.8
0.125(
f pk
0.7 f pk con 0.8 f pk
0.2(
304 |
12 PSC
c
0.5 0.035
midas Civil Magura5. CEB-FIP
5.
Magura CEB-FIP
Magura
fs
log t f si
1
0.55
f si
C f y
2.12.9
f si
0.55
fy
2.12.10
fsi
fs t
Fy (0.1% offset yield stress)
C 10 45
midas Civil
6
(fictitious initial prestress)
CEB-FIP
RP
f n f si
DLn DLn 1
100
2.12.11
- tntn-11000 ()
DLn
1 tn ts
ln
1 ,
16 10
DLn 1
1 tn 1 ts
ln
1
16 10
2.12.12
- 1000tntn-1500000 ()
5.
Magura, D.D., Sozen, M.A., and Siess, C.P., A Study of Stress Relaxation in Prestressing Reinforcement, PCI Journal, Vol.
9, No. 2, April, 1964.

6. Kan, Y.G., Nonlinear Geometric, Material and Time Dependent Analysis of Reinforced and Prestressed Concrete Frames,
Ph. D. Dissertation, Department of Civil Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, June 1977
| 305
0.2
t t
DLn n s ,
500000
t t
DLn 1 n 1 s
500000
0.2
2.12.13
- tntn-1500000 ()
DLn DLn 1 1.0
2.12.14
fsi
RP (%)
tntn-1 nn-1 ()
ts ()
12.2.5
l6
1
2
10
12.3
midas Civil
2.12.4
306 |
12 PSC
midas Civil
2.12.4
2.12.4 ()
2.12.4 Pi Pj i j
( px , my , pz )
pxi p i cos i
pzi p i sin i
2.12.15
m p e
i
y
i
x
i
z
pxj p j cos j
pzj p j sin j
m p e
j
y
F
F
j
x
2.12.16
j
z
pxi wxl pxj 0
pzi wz l pzj 0
2.12.17
l2
M yj miy pzi l wz 2 myj myl 0
pxj pxi
l
i
p pzj
wz z
l
wx
2.12.18
i
j
l my my
m y p wz
2
l
i
z
midas Civil
| 307
13
midas Civil
1
2
()
midas Civil
midas Civil -Z
()
midas Civil 2.13.1
2.13.1

midas Civil
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
308 |
13
13.1
(
)
13.1.1
2.13.1
ECC
(-)
ECC
(+)
---
:
:
b
2.13.1
| 309
z Z x
Z
(
)
1/41/23/4
2m
13.1.2
2.13.2
()
2.13.2
:
:
:
310 |
13
13.2
midas Civil
2.13.2
midas Civil
CH-CD
CH-CL
( I
(JTG B01-2003)
CH-RQ
II )
-10
QC-10
-15
QC-15
-20
QC-20
- 20
QC-C20
-50
LD-50
()
-80
GC-80
-100
GC-100
-120
GC-120
CH-SL
TB10002.1-2005
(TB10002.1-99)
CH-NL
99
ZK ()
CH-HL
-A
C-AL
-B
C-BL
-A
C-AD
2~20m
-B
C-BD
20~150m
(JTJ 001-97)
(CJJ 77-98)
/()
| 311
2.13.3
midas Civil
AASHTO Standard
AASHTO LRFD
H15-44, HS15-44, H15-44L, HS15-44L

H20-44, HS20-44, H20-44L, HS20-44L, AML
HL-93TRK, HL-93TDM, HS20-FTG
P5, P7, P9, P11, P13, P15
Caltrans Standard
Permit Load(user defined)
PENNDOT
PHL-93TRK, PHL-93TDM, PHS20-FTGP-82

ML-80TK-527
CE-80(Cooper E80 Train Load)
UIC80(UIC80 Train Load)M1600S1600
BS5400
HA & HB
BD37/01
HAHBHA & HBPedestrain
BS EN 1991-2.2003
Load Model 1~4, Fatigue Load Model
EN 1991-2.2003
CL-625 TruckCL-625 LaneCL1-625-ONT

Truck
CAN/CSA-S6-00
CL1~3-625-ONT Lane(A)
CL1~3-625-ONT Lane(B)
CL1~3-625-ONT Lane(C or D)
Class AClass BClass 70RClass 40RClass
IRC: 6-2000
AA
Footway
DB-24, DB-18, DB-13.5, DL-24, DL-18, DL-13.5

L-25, L-22, L-15, S-25, S-22, S-18, S-15
HL
EL-25, EL-22, EL-18
312 |
13
a(P)
A # #
B W
B W
A2 A4
A1 A3
b(W)
2.13.3
2.13.4
| 313
midas Civil
()
1
( 2.13.5)
2.13.5
2()
1( 2.13.6)
314 |
13
2.13.6
3 1
( 2.13.7)
| 315
2.13.7
2.13.4
midas Civil ()
(JTG B01-2003)
(JTJ 001-97)
(TB10002.1
316 |
99)
(CJJ 77-98)
()
(GB50157-2003)
80kN()
13
13.3
midas Civil
1. (JTG B01-2003)(JTJ 001-97)

()
()
1(6.0.6 )
2.13.5
1.00
0.78
0.67
0.60
0.55
0.52
0.50
2(6.0.7 )
2.13.6
L0(m)
150< L0 <400
0.97
400 L0 <600
0.96
600 L0 <800
0.95
800 L0 <1000
0.94
L0 1000
0.93
2. (TB10002.1-99)
4.3.9
2.13.7
0.90
0.80
75%
3. (CJJ 77-98)
| 317
4.1.6 (
)
2.13.8
1.00
1.00
0.80
0.67
0.60
0.55
13.4
midas Civil (JTJ 001-97)
midas Civil
13.5
midas Civil
(>>())
1 3 1 2
13.6
midas Civil (>>
>)
318 |
14
14
midas Civil
Z
10
| 319
15
midas Civil
1
15
320 |
16
16
2.16.1
midas Civil
(equality condition)
n
(inequality condition)(object function)(

i 1
( X )( Max( X1 ,
i 1
2
i
X2 ,
Xn )
Xi
2.16.1(a)
2.16.1(b)
2.16.1(c)B C (+)
2.16.1(a) A B
1
2()
3
M A1P1 M A2 P2 M AD M A
2.16.1
M B1P1 M B 2 P2 M BD M B
2.16.2
MAi Pi A
MBi Pi B
MAD A
MBD B
MA P1P2 A
MB P1P2 B
4
1
P1 M A1 M A2 M A M AD

P2 M B1 M B 2 M B M BD
2.16.3
2.16.1(c)
| 321
1
2()
3
A1T1 A2T2 A3T3 AD A
2.16.4
B1T1 B2T2 B3T3 BD 0
2.16.5
C1T1 C 2T2 C 3T3 CD 0
2.16.6
Ti 0 (i 1,2,3)
2.16.7
A1 Ti A
B1 Ti B
C1 Ti C
AD A
BD B
CD C
A A
4
midas Civil (object function)midas Civil
a A M1B M2 P1P2
322 |
16
b ADG
BCFF P1P2
c A A
B C 0 T1T2T3
2.16.1
| 323
324 |
Part3
Part3
midas Civil
midas Civil
| 325
326 |
RC
RC
1.1 RC
1.1.1
1.
(JTG D62-2004) 7.2.4-1
cc
M tk x0
0.80 f ck
I cr
3.1.1
M tk
x0
Icr x0
f ck f cu
JTG D62-2004 3.1.3
2.
midas Civil -
3.1.1
(1). Sig_MAX
| 327
(2). Sig_ALW
f ck 0.8 f ck
f ck 0.8 f ck
excel
(3).
6
62=12
(4). My_MAXMy_MIN
(5).
(6).
328 |
1.1.2
3.
RC
(JTG D62-2004) 7.2.4-2
sit ES
M tk (h0i x0 )
0.75 f sk
I cr
3.1.2
sit i
M tk
h0i i
x0
Icr x0
fsk JTG D62-2004 3.2.2-1
4.
midas Civil -
3.1.2
(1).
RC RC Rbar-
(2). Sig_DL Sig_LL
Sig_ADL Sig_ALL
| 329
3.1.3
(3). Sig_DL CS
(4). Sig_LL
(5).
330 |
1.1.3
1.
RC
(JTG D62-2004) 7.2.5

tp
t
tpt
Vkt
f tk
bz 0
3.1.3
Vkt
b T I
Z0
f tk
2.
midas Civil -
3.1.4
(1). Sig-M Sig-ML

Sig-MR
Sig-MAX=maxSig-MSig-MLSig-MRCS
7.2.5
t
Vk
(2). Sig-ALW
f tk 0.8 f tk
Excel
| 331
1.1.4
1.
- JTG D62-2004 6.4.16.4.4

1
0.20mm
0.15mm
3T I Wfk
W fk C1C2C3
ss 30 d
Es 0.28 10
As Ap
bh0 (b f b)h f
(mm)
3.1.4
3.1.5
C1 C1=1.4C1=1.0
C2 C2=1+0.5N1/NS N1 NS
C3

C3=1.15 C3=1.0 C3=1.2
C3=1.1 C3=0.9
ss JTG D62-2004 6.4.4
d mmd
2
de d e ni d i / ni d i
ni i di i
di
dpe d pe nd n
d
d de 1.3
>0.02 =0.02
<0.006 =0.006
332 |
RC
As
bf
hf
d de 1.25
4 as
ss
Ns
As
3.1.6
3.1.7
As
2.
midas Civil -
3.1.5
(1). Sig_SS ss
Ms
0.87 As h0
(2). W_tk 6.4.3-1

C1 C2
C2 C2=1+0.5M1/Ms
C2
| 333
d
6.4.3 d
(3). W_AC RC
JTG
D62-2004 6.4
0.2mm 0.15mm
(4). /
(5).
(6). MY-MAX
My
334 |
1.1.5
1.
RC
2.
midas Civil -
3.1.6
(1). Mj Ag_REQ_T
Ag_REQ_B Ag_USE_T
Ag_USE_B
(2).
| 335
1.1.6
1.
JTG D62-2004 5.2.11 60%

5.7.2-2
Vcs 1 2 3 0.45103 bh0 (2 0.6P f cu ,k sv f sv
3.1.8
sv sv b Sv
Asv,req
Vcs 0.6Vd 1 2 3 0.45 103 bh0
2 0.6P
f cu ,k sv f sv
Asv,req sv,req b sv
2.
3.1.9
3.1.10
midas Civil -
3.1.7
(1). Vj Ag_REQ
Ag_USE
(2). 9.3.13 sv=Asv/Sv
b
(3).
336 |
1.1.7
1.
RC
JTG D62-2004 5.2.15.2.5
b 3.1.1 5.2.1
b
3.1.1
C50
C55C60
C65C70
R235
0.62
0.60
0.58
HRB335
0.56
0.54
0.52
HRB400KL400
0.53
0.51
0.49
0.40
0.38
0.36
0.40
0.38
0.36
C75C80
0.35
1 b
2b=xb/h0xb
1 T
0 M d f cd bx h0 f sd As (h0 as ) ( f pd p 0 ) Ap (h0 ap )
2
3.1.11
p 0 ) Ap
f sd As f pd Ap f cd bx f sd As ( f pd
3.1.12
x b h0
3.1.13
( f pd p 0 )
x 2a
3.1.14
( f pd' 'p 0 )
x 2as
3.1.15
| 337

0 JTG D62-2004 5.1.5
Md
fcd JTG D62-2004 3.1.4
f sd f sd' JTG D622004 3.2.3-1
JTG
'
D62-2004 3.2.3-2
f pd
f pd
As
As'
Ap A
b T
h0 h0=h-a h
'
a a
'
p
'
s

p 0
'
ap
JTG D62-2004 6.1.5-2

JTG D62-2004 6.1.5-5 6.1.5 2
Md JTG
D62-2004 5.1.5
2 T I
p 0 ) Ap
f sd As f pd Ap f cd bf hf f sd As ( f pd
3.1.16
bf JTG D62-2004 5.2.2
2 1

h
x
0 M d f cd bx h0 bf b)hf (h0 f
2
2

f sd As (h0 as ) ( f pd p 0 ) Ap (h0 ap )
338 |
3.1.17
RC
x JTG D62-2004 5.2.235.2.2-45.2.2-5
f sd As f pd Ap f cd [bx bf b)hf ] f sd As ( f pd p 0 ) Ap
3.1.18
h 'f
b
'
f
T I
T I JTG D62-2004 4.2.2
33.1.18
4 JTG D62-2004 5.2.2-4

5.2.2-5
1
0 M d f pd Ap (h a p a ) f sd As (h as a )
3.1.19
0 M d f pd Ap (h a p as ) f sd As (h as as ) ( f pd p 0 ) Ap (ap as )
3.1.20
s p
2.
midas Civil -
3.1.8
(1). Mu Mn Mu
Mn
| 339
1.11.00.9
(2).
b
(3). /
340 |
1.1.8
1.
RC
JTG D62-2004 5.2.75.2.10
1T I
0Vd Vcs Vsb V pb
3.1.21
Vcs 1 2 3 0.45 103 bh0 (2 0.6P f cu ,k sv f sv
3.1.22
Vsb 0.75 10 3 f sd Asb sin s
3.1.23
V pb 0.75 10 3 f pd Apb sin p
3.1.24
Vd
kN
3
Vcs kN
Vsb kN
Vpb kN
1
1=1.0
1=0.9
2 2=1.0
2=1.25
2=1.0
3 3=1.1
b mm T I
mm
h0
mm
P P=100=Ap+ Apb+ As
/bh0 P>2.5 P=2.5
| 341
fcu,k 150mm MPa
sv sv =Asv/svb
fsv JTG D62-2004 3.2.3-1
Asv mm2
sv mm
AsbApb
2
mm
sp
13.1.22 sv fsv pv pdpv pd
23.1.21 Vd JTG
D62-2004 5.1.5
3
Vd Vcd
Md
tan
h0
3.1.25
Vcd Md
h0
-+
2 C
C 0.6mh0
3.1.26

Vd m=Md/Vdh0 m>3.0
m=0.3
Md
3 T I
342 |
RC
0Vd 0.5110 3 f cu ,k bh0 (kN )
3.1.27
Vd kN
b mm T I
mm
h0
mm
4T I
0Vd 0.50 10 3 2 f td bh0 (kN )
3.1.28
JTG D62-2004 9.3.13
ftd JTG D62-2004 3.1.4

3.1.28 1.25
2.
midas Civil -
3.1.9
(1). 5.2.9
OKNG
5.2.9
| 343
(2). 5.2.10
5.2.7
(3).
Asv sv 0 Vcs=0
Vsb
(4). /
h0
344 |
RC
1.1.9
1.
JTG D62-2004 5.5.15.5.5

1
0Td 0.35 f tdW t1.2
f sd Ast Sv
f sv Asv1U cor
f sv Asv1 Acor
Sv
3.1.29
3.1.30
0.6 1.7 > 1.7 = 1.7

ep0 h/6 1.7 3.1.29
0.05Np0Wt/A0 = 1.7 ep0 > h/6 < 1.7
Td

0.1b t2 0.25b 0.1h t1 0.25h
=4t2/b =4t1/b t2>0.25b t1>0.25h
=1.0 =1.0
b
h
t1
t2
ftd
Wt JTG D62-2004 5.5.2
Asv1
fsv JTG D62-2004 3.2.3-1
Acor Acor=bcorhcorbcor hcor
Ucor Ucor=2(bcor+hcor)
Sv
ep0
JTG D62-2004 6.1.6-2
| 345
p 0 p 0 JTG D62-2004 6.1.5-2

JTG D62-2004 6.1.5-5
Np0
JTG D62-2004 6.1.6-1
p 0 p 0 JTG D62-2004
6.1.5-2 6.1.5-5 Np0 > 0.3fcdA0 Np0 = 0.3fcdA0
A0
2
a
b2
(3h b)
6
3.1.31
(b 2t1 ) 2
b2
(3h b)
[3(h 2t 2 ) (b 2t1 )]
6
6
3.1.32
Wt
b
Wt
0Vd
bh0
0Td
Wt
0.51103
f cu ,k kN/mm2
3.1.33
0Vd 0Td
0.50 103 2 f td kN/mm2

bh0 W t
3.1.34
JTG D62-2004 9.3.14
Vd kN
Td kNmm
b
mm
h0 mm
Wt mm3
3.1.34 2 JTG D62-2004 5.2.7 JTG D62-2004
5.5.1 2=1
346 |
RC
0Vd 1 23
(10 2t )
bh0 (2 0.6P) f cu ,k svf sv ( N )
20
3.1.35
0Td t (0.35 f td 0.05
N p0
A0
)W t1.2
f sv Asv1 Acor
( N mm)
Sv
1.5
VW
1 0.5 d t
Td bh0
3.1.36
3.1.37
t t < 0.5 t = 0.5

t > 1.0 t = 1.0
Wt Wt
b
13.1.35 2=13.1.36
2
5T I
Twd
T fd
T fd
Wtw
Td
Wt
Wtf
Wt
Wtf
Wt
Td
Td
3.1.38
3.1.39
3.1.40
| 347
Td T I
Twd
Tfd T fd'
Wtw Wtf' Wtf
Wt T I
2
a. JTG D62-2004 5.5.2
b.
Wtf
hf 2
2
(bf b)
3.1.41
Wtf
h 2f
2
(b f b)
3.1.42
b 'f
h 'f T I
bf b 6hf
bfhf I bfb+6hf
3
a. T
Wt Wtw Wtf
3.1.43
b. I
Wt Wtw Wtf Wtf
3.1.44
4T I
JTG D62-2004 5.5.4 Td Wt Twd Wtw
JTG D62-2004 5.5.1
5.5.1-1 Td Wt T fd Wtf Tfd Wtf
5T I JTG D62-2004
5.5.3
2.
348 |
RC
midas Civil -
3.1.10
(1). 5.5.1-15.5.1-2
<0.6 =0.6
>1.7 =1.7
(2). 5.5.4-15.5.4-3
Wt Wt
(3). 5.5.3-1
5.5.3-1OKNG
5.5.3-1
(4). 5.5.3-2
5.5.3-2
5.5.4-2
(5). T-MaxV-Max V-Min
| 349
1.1.10
1.
- JTG D62-2004 6.4.16.4.5

1
0.20mm
0.15mm
3T I Wfk
W fk C1C2C3
ss 30 d
Es 0.28 10
As Ap
bh0 (b f b)h f
(mm)
3.1.45
3.1.46
C1 C1=1.4C1=1.0
C2 C2=1+0.5N1/NS N1 NS
C3

C3=1.15 C3=1.0 C3=1.2
C3=1.1 C3=0.9
ss JTG D62-2004 6.4.4
d mmd
2
de d e ni d i / ni d i
ni i di i
di
dpe d pe nd n
d
d de 1.3
>0.02 =0.02
<0.006 =0.006
350 |
RC
As
bf
hf
d de 1.25
4 as
ss
N s es
As (h0 as )
3.1.47
ss
N s (es z )
As z
3.1.48
z [0.87 0.12(1 f )(
h0 2
) ]h0
es
es s e0 ys
s 1
(bf b)hf
bh0
l
l
( 0 )2
4000e0 / h0 h
3.1.49
3.1.50
3.1.51
3.1.52
As
es
es
Z
| 351
s l0/h14 s =1.0
ys
'f
b'f h 'f 3.1.51 hf 0.2h0
hf 0.2h0
NsMs
5
W fk C1C2 [0.03
ss [59.42
ss
Es
(0.004
1.52C )]
(mm)
Ns
s e0
3
(2.80
1.0)
1.65]
( MPa)
r 2 f cu ,k
r
3.1.53
3.1.54
Ns N
C1 C1=1.4C1=1.0
C2 JTG D62-2004 1.1.10.3
ss 3.1.54
d mm
2
=As/r
C mm
r mm
s JTG D62-2004 1.1.10.48 h 2r h0 r+rs l0/2r14
s=1.0
e0 Ns mm
fcu,k 150mm
MPa
rs mm
l0 5.3.1
352 |
2.
RC
midas Civil -
3.1.11
(1). Sig_SS
RC
6.4.4-16.4.4-36.4.446.4.5-2
(2). 6.4.5-1
(3). W_AC RC
| 353
1.1.11
1.
2.
midas Civil
3.1.12
(1). FX-MAX
FX
Nd
Myd y
Mzd z
Ag_REQ_T/
Ag_REQ_L/
Ag_USE_T/
Ag_USE_L/
(2).
(3).
354 |
1.1.12
1.
RC
-/
- / JTG D62-2004
5.3.1~5.3.10
(1)
0 N d 0.90 ( f cd A f sd As )
3.1.55
Nd
JTG D62-2004 5.3.1
A 3%A An A As
As
(2)
As0 25% 80mm dcor/5
l0/i48
0 N d 0.90( f cd Acor f sd As kf cd Aso )
3.1.56
Acor
Aso
dcor
k C50 2.0C50~C80
2.0~1.70
(5.3.2-1)
(5.3.1)
5.3.1
(5.3.2-1)(5.3.1)
1.5
(3)
a. 5.3.1
b. 5.3.10
c. e0/h0>0.3
x
| 355
f cd bx e h0 s As e f sd As e
2
3.1.57
s f sd x
x b h0 x
x b h0 x 2as
N n f cd bx f cd As f sd As
3.1.58
d. e0 / h0<0.3
fsd5.3.4-1
si=cuEs(hoi/x-1) cu hoi=hasi i asi i
x si
f cd b 3
x f cd bes h0 x 2 cu Es As es f sd As es x cu Es hoi As es 0
2
3.1.59
3 x x bh0
1 xbh0 x 5.3.4-1 si
2 xbh0 s=fsd
3 x>h x=h 5.3.4-1
si
N n f cd bx f sd As s As
356 |
3.1.60
2.
RC
midas Civil -/
3.1.13
(1). -Fxmin Nd
5.1.5 e
As Ap e'
As' Ap'
(2). N n 0.90 f cd A f sd As
l0 l0
A 3%A
An A As
(3). -Fxmin(My) Nd -Mymin
My -Mymax My
(4).
y
| 357
1.1.13
1.
-/
-/ JTG D62-2004 5.4.1

5.4.2
1
0 N d f sd As f pd Ap
3.1.61
AsAp
2
1 As Ap As Ap
0 N d e f sd As (h0 as ) f pd Ap (h0 ap )
3.1.62
0 N d e f sd As (h0 as ) f pd Ap (h0 a p )
3.1.63
(2 As Ap As Ap
0 N d f sd As f pd Ap f sd' As' ( f pd' p 0 )Ap f cd bx
3.1.64
x
'
0 Nd e f cd bx(h0 ) f sd' As' (h0 a's ) ( f pd
p 0 ) Ap (h0 a'p ) 3.1.65
2
x JTGD62-2004 5.2.2-3
x JTG D62-2004 5.2.2-4 5.2.2-5
JTG D62-2004 5.2.5-15.2.5-2 M d N d e N d es
358 |
2.
RC
midas Civil -/
3.1.14
(1). -Fxmax Nd
5.1.5 e
As Ap e'
As' Ap'
(2). -Fxmax(My) Nd -Mymin
My -Mymax My
| 359
1.2
RC
JTGD622004
RC RC
1
2
3 RC
3.1.15
4 RC
360 |
3.1.16
RC
RC /
5 RC
3.1.17
RC
6 RC
| 361
3.1.18
RC
7 RC RC RC
362 |
3.1.19
RC
3.1.20
RC
RC
8 RC RC RC
3.1.21
RC
| 363
1.3
RC
1 RC JTG04RC
[] RC
3.1.22
RC
2 RC
/RC
3.1.23
364 |
RC
3.1.24
RC
RC
3.1.25
| 365
5/
>>
3.1.26
6RC RC
>RC >RC RC
3.1.27
366 |
RC
3.1.28
RC
RC
7RC >>
[] RC
3.1.29
| 367
3.1.30
8RC
9 RC >>
RC
3.1.31
368 |
3.1.32
RC
10
11
+
3.1.33
12 JTGD60-2004
0.4 / 1 0.7 / 1
| 369
2 PSC
2.1
PSC
2.1.1
1.
(JTG
D62-2004) 7.2.77.2.8
JTG D62-2004 6.1.5 7.1.3

1
cc
0.70f ck
3.2.1
1 ctt 0.70f tk 0.2%

2 ctt 1.15f tk 0.4%
3 0.70f tk ctt <1.15f tk
ctt 1.15f tk
cct ctt
f ck f tk f cu
JTG D62-2004
3.1.3
370 |
2.
PSC
midas Civil
3.2.1 PSC
(1). CS
6.1.4
(2). 0.7 f ck f ck 0.8 f ck
f ck 0.8 f ck excel
(3). 1.15 f tk f tk 0.8 f tk

f tk 0.8 f tk excel
(4). Sig_TLSig_TRSig_BRSig_BLSig_TSig_B
1~4 6
(5). Sig_MAX=maxSig_TLSig_TRSig_BR
Sig_BL Sig_T Sig_B Sig_MAX=min Sig_TL
Sig_TRSig_BRSig_BLSig_TSig_B
(6). /
(7).
(8).
| 371
2.1.2
1.
JTG D62-2004 6.1.37.1.5

1 con
con 0.75f pk
3.2.2
con 0.90f pk
3.2.3
fpk JTG D62-2004 3.2.2-2
2
1
pe p 0.65 fpk
3.2.4
po p 0.65 fpk
3.2.5
pe p 0.80 fpk
3.2.6
po p 0.80 fpk
3.2.7
pe JTG D62-2004 3.2.2-2
p0
372 |
2.
PSC
midas Civil
3.2.2 PSC
(1). Sig_DL
Sig_LL
B
(2). Sig_ADL Sig_ALL
(3).
| 373
2.1.3
1.
JTG D62-2004 6.3.16.3.2

1
1
st 0.85 pc 0
3.2.8
st 0.80 pc 0
3.2.9
2A
st pc 0.7 ftk
3.2.10
lt pc 0
3.2.11
st
JTG D62-2004 6.3.2-1
lt
JTG D62-2004 6.3.2-2
pc
JTG D62-2004 6.1.5
ftk JTG D62-2004 3.1.3
2.
midas Civil
3.2.3 PSC
374 |
PSC
(1). M1Ms
W0
(2). 1t
(3). 6.3.1-16.3.1-2
A 6.3.1-36.3.1-4
(4). Sig_MAX=minSig_TLSig_TRSig_BRSig_BL
Sig_TSig_B
(5). Sig_ALW
JTG D62-2004 6.3.1
(6).
6
6*2=12
(7). Sig_MAX
| 375
2.1.4
1.
JTG D62-2004 6.3.16.3.2

1 tp
1
tp 0.6 f tk
(3.2.12)
tp 0.4 f tk
(3.2.13)
2A B
tp 0.7 f tk
tp 0.5 f tk
(3.2.14)
(3.2.15)
tp
JTG D62-2004 6.3.3
ftk JTG D62-2004 3.1.3
2.
midas Civil
3.2.4 PSC
(1). 6.3.1-2
(2). tp 6.3.3-1~6.3.3-4
(3). 6.3.1-56.3.1-6
A B 6.3.1-76.3.18
(4). Sig_P1~Sig_P10 1~10 PSC
Sig_MAX=minSig_P1~Sig_P10
(5). Sig_AP
JTG D62-2004 6.3.1
376 |
2.1.5
1.
PSC
JTG D62-2004 7.1.5

1
1
kc pt 0.5 fck
cc 0.5 fck
3.2.16
3.2.17
kc
cc
pt
fck JTG D62-2004 3.1.3
2.
midas Civil
3.2.5
PSC
(1). 7.1.5-1
(2). pt 6.1.5
c 7.1.3-17.1.4-1
(3). kc pt 0.5 f ck
cc 0.5 f ck
(4). Sig_MAX=maxSig_TLSig_TRSig_BRSig_BL
Sig_TSig_B
(5). Sig_ALW
JTG D62-2004 7.1.5
| 377
2.1.6
1.
JTG D62-2004 7.1.6
cp 0.6 fck
2.
3.2.18
midas Civil
3.2.6
PSC
(1). cp
6.3.3-1~6.3.3-4
(2). cp 0.6 f ck 7.1.6-1
(3). Sig_MAX=maxSig_P1~Sig_P10
(4). Sig_AP
JTG D62-2004 7.1.6
378 |
2.1.7
1.
PSC
JTG D62-2004 6.4.16.4.4
1B
2B JTG D62-2004
6.4.2
3B Wfk
Wfk C1C2C3
ss
30 d
Es 0.28 10
(mm)
As Ap
bh0 bf b hf
(3.2.19)
(3.2.20)
C1
C2
C3
ss JTG D62-2004 6.4.4
d mm

bf
hf
2.
midas Civil
3.2.7 PSC
(1). W_tk 6.4.3-1

C1=1.4
| 379
d d
6.4.3 d
(2). Sig_T Sig_B Sig_SS
6.4.4-96.4.4-10
(3). W_AC PSC
(4). /
(5).
0
380 |
2.1.8
PSC
midas Civil
3.2.8 PSC
(1). Mj JTG04
Ag_REQ Ag_USE
(2). JTG04 5.2.2-15.2.3-2

x
5.2.2-25.2.3-15.2.3-3
Md h0
(3). /
Mj>0
0
(4).
| 381
2.1.9
midas Civil
3.2.9 PSC
(1). Mg1 Msum

Mj JTG04
ey
Ny
Ay
(2).
2000 2-5-3
382 |
2.1.10
1.
PSC
JTG D62-2004 5.2.25.2.5
1 T
AP (h0 ap )
0 M d fcd bx h0 fsd As h0 as f pd p0
2
(3.2.21)
0
Md
fcd
fsd f sd
f pd f pd
As As
ApAp
b T
h0 h0=h-a h
a a
a
as p
p0
2 T I
1 bf JTG D62-2004
5.2.2
Ap
fsd As f pd Ap f cd bfhf f sd As f pd p0
(3.2.22)
23.2.22
0 M d f cd bx h0 bf b hf h0 f
2
2

AP (h0 ap )
f sd As h0 as f pd p0
(3.2.23)
| 383
hf T I
bf T I
2.
midas Civil
3.2.10 PSC
(1). Mu
1.11.0
0.9 M>0
Mn M<0 Mn
(2).
b
384 |
2.1.11
1.
PSC
JTG D62-2004 5.2.75.2.10
1T I
0Vd Vcs Vsb Vpb

Vcs 123 0.45 10-3 bh0
2 0.6P
(3.2.24)
fcu, k sv fsv
(3.2.25)
Vsb 0.75 10-3 fsd Asb sin s
(3.2.26)
Vpb 0.75 10-3 f pd Apb sin p
(3.2.27)
Vd
Vcs
Vsb
Vpb
1
2
3
b T I
h0
P
fcu,k 150mm
sv
fsv
Asv
sv
AsbApb
| 385
sp
2 C
C 0.6mh0
(3.2.28)
m m=Md/Vdh0 m >3.0 m
=3.0
Md
3T I
0Vd 0.51 10-3 f cu,k bh0
(3.2.29)
Vd
Md
b
T I
h0
4T I
0Vd 0.50 10-3 2 f td f cu,k bh0
(3.2.30)
JTG D62-2004 9.3.13

ftd
386 |
2.
PSC
midas Civil
3.2.11 PSC
(1). 5.2.9
OKNG
5.2.9
(2). 5.2.10
5.2.7-1
(3). 5.2.7-25.2.7-4 B
5.2.7-2 2=1.0
(4).
Asv sv 0 Vcs=0
Vsb Vpb
Asb 0 Vsb=0
Vpb
(5). /
h0
| 387
2.1.12
1.
JTG D62-2004 5.5.15.5.5
1
0Td 0.35a f tdWt 1.2
fsv Asv1 Acor

Sv
fsd Ast Sv
fsv Asv1U cor
(3.2.31)
(3.2.32)
Td

a
b
h
t1
t2
ftd
Wt
Asv1
fsv
Ast
fsd
Acor
Ucor
Sv
ep0
Np0
2
0 Vd 1 2 3
388 |
10 - 2 t bh 2 0.6P
0
20
f cu, k sv f sv N
3.2.33
PSC
f A A
0Td t 0.35a f td 0.05 p0 Wt 1.2 sv sv1 cor N.mm
A0
Sv
1.5
V W
1 0.5 d t
Td bh 0
3.2.34
3.2.35
t
Wt
b
3T I
2.
midas Civil
3.2.12 PSC
(1). 5.5.3-1
5.5.3-1OK
NG5.5.3-1
(2). 5.5.3-2
5.5.3-2
5.5.4-2
(3). 5.5.1-15.5.1-2
<0.6 =0.6
>1.7 =1.7
(4). 5.5.4-15.5.4-3
Wt aWt
(5). /
| 389
2.1.13
1.
JTG D62-2004 5.3.35.3.10
1
Ap s As p Ap
0 N d f cd bx fsd As f pd p0
Ap h0 ap
0 Nd e fcd bx h0 fsd As h0 as f pd p0
2
e e0
h
a
2
(3.2.36)
(3.2.37)
(3.2.38)
e As Ap
e0
Md
h0

2 T I
JTG D62-2004 5.3.6
3
a) 5.3.1
b) 5.3.10
c) e0/h0>0.3
x
As e
f cd bx e h0 s As e f sd
2
3.2.39)
s f sd x
x b h0 x
x b h0 x 2as
390 |
PSC
Nn f cd bx f cd As fsd As
(3.2.40)
d) e0/h0<0.3
fsd5.3.4-1
h
si cu Es oi 1 cu
x
hoi h asi i asi i
x si
f cd b 3
x f cd bes h0 x 2 cu Es As es f sd As es x cu Es hoi As es 0
2
3.2.41)
3 x x b h0
1) x b h0 x 5.3.4-1 si
2) x b h0 s f sd
3) x>h x=h 5.3.4-1
si
Nn fcdbx fsd As s As
2.
(3.2.42)
midas Civil
3.2.13 PSC
(1). 5.3.1 l0
A
3%A An A As
| 391
(2). -Fxmin(My) N d -Mymin

My -Mymax My
(3).
y
392 |
PSC
2.2 PSC
1
2
3 PSC
3.2.14
4 PSC
| 393
3.2.15 PSC
5 PSC
3.2.16 PSC
394 |
PSC
6 PSC
3.2.17
PSC
7 PSC
3.2.18
PSC
8 PSC
3.2.19
PSC
| 395
2.3 PSC
1 PSC JTG04RC
3.2.20
3 PSC
PSC
3.2.21
396 |
PSC
PSC
6 PSC
3.2.22
PSC
7 PSC
PSC
8
PSC
PSC
3.2.23
| 397
9 PSC >>
PSC
3.2.24
10
11
+
3.2.25
12 JTG D60-2004
0.4 1 0.7 1
13 PSC
B
14 PSC
/
398 |
PSC
15 PSC
16 PSC
17 PSC
5.2.7-35.2.7-4
5.2.7-1
18 PSC
19 PSC
PSC
| 399
3.1
3.1.1
1.
JTG/T B02-01-20087.2.2
7.3.1
1 E1
JTG D62-2004 B C D
2
2.
midas Civil
3.3.1
(1). E1 E2
(2). -Fxmin rNd
(3). Nn 0.90 f cd A fsd As l0

A
3%A An A As
(4). -Fxmin(My)-Mymin
-Mymax
Nd

400 |
(5).
y
(6).
| 401
3.1.2
1.
JTG/T B02-01-20087.2.1
1 E1
2 6.9
BC
2.
midas Civil
3.3.2
402 |
3.1.3
1.
JTG/T B02-01-20087.2.1
7.2.27.3.5
1 E1
JTG D62-2004
2JTG/T B02-01-2008 6.8
JTG D63
3 E2 E2
2.
midas Civil
3.3.3
(1). JTG D6320074.2.2
Cb1~Cb4
(2). Fa R
JTG D632007 3.3.6
fa<150kpa R=1 fa150kpa R=1.25
| 403
3.1.4
1.
JTG/T B02-01-2008
7.2.27.3.6
1 E1
JTG D62-2004
2JTG/T B02-01-2008 6.8
JTG D62 8.2.4
0 M d fsd As z
l
z 0.75 0.05 h0 0.5x

h
3.3.1
3.3.2
Md
fsd
As
z
x
h0
2.
midas Civil
3.3.4
(1). E1 D E2 BC
E1 E2 E2
6.8.3
404 |
(2). E1 E2
JTG04 0 M d f sd As z
8.2.4-1
(3). E2 M po 0 M hcs M G 6.8.3
M hcs P-M
M hcs
7.3.6
(4). /
(5).
| 405
3.1.5
1.
JTG/T B02-01-2008
7.2.27.3.6
1 E1
JTG D62-2004
2JTG/T B02-01-2008 6.8
JTG D62 8.2.5
14 h
3
0Vd a1
10 bh0
20
2 0.6 P
f cu,k sv fsv
3.3.3
Vd
a1
P
sv
fsv
b
h0
2.
midas Civil
3.3.5
(1). E1 D E2 BC
E1 E2 E2
6.8.4
406 |
(2). E1 E2
JTG D628.2.6
(3). E2 VC0 0
M Rpc M Lpc
L0
6.8.4
R
L
M pc M pc JTG04
7.3.6
(4). JTG D62 8.2.5

8.2.5 OK
NG8.2.5
| 407
3.1.6
1.
JTG/T B02-01-2008
7.3.3
1 E2
JTG D62-2004 B C
a T
AP (h0 ap )
0 M d fcd bx h0 fsd As h0 as f pd p0
2
(3.3.4)
0
Md
fcd
f sd f sd
f pd f pd
As As
Ap Ap
b T
h0 h0 = h-a h
a a
a
as p
p0
b) T I
1 bf JTG D62-2004
5.2.2
Ap
fsd As f pd Ap f cd bfhf f sd As f pd p0
(3.3.5)
23.3.5
408 |
0 M d f cd bx h0
hf
x

bf b hf h0
2
2
AP (h0 ap )
f sd As h0 as f pd p0
(3.3.6)
hf T I
bf T I
2.
midas Civil
3.3.6
(1). E1 E2 BC
JTG D62-2004 5.2.25.2.5

(2). Mu Mn Mu
Mn
(3).
b
| 409
3.1.7
1.
JTG/T B02-01-2008
7.3.3
1 E2
JTG D62-2004 B C
0 N d 0.90 f cd A fsd As
(3.3.7)
Nd

A
As
2.
midas Civil
3.3.7
(1). E1 E2 BC
JTG04 5.3
(2).
410 |
3.1.8
1.
JTG/T
B02-01-2008 7.3.4
Vc0 0.0023 f cAe Vs
(3.3.8)
Vc0
f c
Vs
Ae
Ak
Sk
fyh
b

2.
midas Civil
3.3.8
(1). E2
(2). 6.8.2-16.8.2-4
s
s
x
M zc
M zcx M hc
M hc
P-M
(3). Ae Dc
(4). Fz Fy
| 411
3.1.9
1.
JTG/T B02-01-2008
7.2.3-17.5.1-1
D
t
XE
XE
tan
X E ad X D X H
(3.3.9)
(3.3.10)
t
tan
XD E1
XH
ad 2.3
E2
X0
t tan
X0
(3.3.11)
t
tan
X0 E2
2.
midas Civil
3.3.9
412 |
(1). E1 E2
X E d X D X H 7.2.3-2
(2).
DX
X D
DX X H
(3).
DY
X D
DY X H
(4). t
X E tOK
NG
| 413
3.1.10
1.
JTG/T B0201-2008 7.2.3-17.5.1-2

1D
d Rb Ehzh
(3.3.12)
Ehzh ad Ehze Ehzd
(3.3.13)
d
Ehzh
Rb
Ehze E1
Ehzd
d 2.3
2 E2
d Rb Ehzb
(3.3.14)
d
Rb
Ehzb E2
2.
midas Civil
3.3.10
(1). E1 E2
Ehzh d Ehze Ehzd 7.2.3-4
414 |
(2).
-z Ehze
-z
Ehzd
(3).
-y Ehze
-y
Ehzd
(4).
Rb
d Ehzh
dRbOKNG
| 415
3.1.11
1.
JTG/T B02-012008 7.2.3-27.5.2

1D
X E X max
X E d X D X H
( 3.3.15)
( 3.3.16)
X max
2 E2
X 0 X max
(3.3.17)
X0 E2
Xmax
2.
midas Civil
3.3.11
(1). E1 E2
X E d X D X H 7.2.3-6
(2).
DZ
XD DX
XH
(3).
DY
416 |
XD DY
XH
(4). XHmax
| 417
3.1.12
1.
JTG/T B02-012008 7.2.3-27.5.2

1D
Ehzh Emax
Ehzh d Ehze Ehzd
(3.3.18)
(3.3.19)
Emax
2 E2
Ehzb Emax
(3.3.20)
Ehzb E2
Emax
2.
midas Civil
3.3.12
(1). E1 E2
Ehzh d Ehze Ehzd 7.2.3-8
(2). Emax
418 |
3.1.13
1.
JTG/T B0201-2008 7.4.6

E2 ,
d u
(3.3.21)
d E2
u
2.
midas Civil
3.3.13
(1). E2
(2). E2 d=c6.7.6
E2 -
c 6.7.6
T
-
1
3
(3). u H 2y H
Lp
u 7.4.7
2
u 7.4.3-1 y
u -
7.4.7
| 419
3.1.14
1.
JTG/T
B02-01-2008 7.4.2
E2 ,
d u
(3.3.22)
d E2
u
2.
midas Civil
3.3.14
(1). E2
(2).
(3). ij
E2 p
p
(4). Rz
p Ry
p
(5). 7.4.3-1
y u - Lp
7.4.3-27.4.3-3
420 |
3.2
1
2-
3.3.15
| 421
3.3.16
4
5
3.3.17
422 |
3.3.18
| 423
3.3.19
3.3.20
424 |
3.3.21
10
3.3.22
| 425
11->RC > RC
3.3.23
426 |
3.3
1 JTG04RC
3.3.24
2
/
3.3.25
| 427
3.3.26
5/
3.3.27
428 |
6
RC RC
3.3.28
7JTG/T B02-012008
YZ
| 429
8-
-
3.3.29
9 y
fy
E
fy
MPa
E
MPa
HRB335
335
2.0e5
0.1675%
HRB400
400
2.0e5
0.2%
KL400
400
2.0e5
0.2%
R235
235
2.1e5
0.112%
10
11 P-M
l0=2l
12JTG/T B02-012008
5.2.1
/
R 5.2.5
430 |
3.3.30
13
3.3.31
14
SRSS 3.4 SRSS
1.0
| 431
15
16
17E1
E2 E2
18[]
19 08
7.4.7
3.3.32
20 E2
08 6.8.2-16.8.2-3
6.8.2-26.8.2-4
21-
--
[] 4
22[]
432 |
3.3.33
23 E2
s
M p0 M hc
M p0
s
M hc
24
25
2608 6.3.7
| 433
RC
RC
4.1
12
4.1.1
1.
(TB 10002.3-2005) 5.2.5
M
b
W0
3.4.1
c MPa
M MN.m
W0 (m3)
2.
midas Civil
3.4.1
RC -
(1). 4.1.1c W0
(2). /M
434 |
RC
(3). 5.2.1 1 +
[b] 30%
(4). M
(5).
6
6*2=12
(6).
| 435
4.1.2
1.
(TB 10002.3-2005) 5.2.5-3
V
tp 1
bz
3.4.2
MPa
V MN
b m
z m
2.
midas Civil
3.4.2
RC -
(1). 3.4.2 z=I0/S0

I0 S0
(2). [tp-1] 5.2.1
(3). /
h0
436 |
4.1.3
1.
RC
(TB 10002.3-2005) 5.2.5-2
s n
M
s
WS
3.4.3
s MPa
M MN.m
Ws m3
n
2.
midas Civil
3.4.3
RC -
(1). 3.4.3 s Ws
n 5.1.3
(2). [s] 5.2.2
(3). RC -
(4).
| 437
4.1.4
1.
T
(TB 10002.3-2005) 5.2.8
T
f K1K 2 r
80
Es
K2 1
8 0.4d
M1
M
0.5 2
M
M
1n1 2 n2 3n3 As1

Ac1
Ac1 2ab
3.4.4
3.4.5
3.4.6
3.4.7
f mm
K1
K2
0.5 0.3
M1 MN m
M2 MN m
M
MN.m
r
s MPa
Es MPa
d mm
z
n1n2n3
123
As1 m2
438 |
RC
Ac1
2.
midas Civil
3.4.4
RC -
(1). 4.1.4 f
K1 K1=0.8
r
r=1.1 =0.3 123
1=2=3=1.0
(2). 5.2.7 RC [f]
3.4.5
| 439
4.1.5
1.
(TB 10002.3-2005) 5.2.5-4
b S1
c
hf S
3.4.8
MPa
MPa
[c] MPa
h f m
2.
midas Civil
3.4.6
RC -
(1). 3.4.8 h f
S1
(2). [c] 5.2.1

(3). RC -
440 |
4.1.6
1.
RC
(TB 10002.3-2005) 5.2.5-5
b Asf
c
h f As
3.4.9
MPa
hf m
Asf m2
As m2
2.
midas Civil
3.4.7
RC -
(1). 3.4.9 h f h f
Asf Asf
1 bf b
As
2 Asf
(2). [c] 5.2.1

(3). RC -
| 441
4.1.7
1.
(TB 10002.3-2005) 5.2.3-15.2.6-1
Ac mAs
N M
b
A0 W0
1
KN
1
2 Ec I c
l02
0.1
0.16
e0
0.2
h
3.4.10
3.4.11
3.4.12
3.4.13
c MPa
N MN
Ac m2
As m2
m
A0W0
2
3
m m
M MNm

K 2.0+ 1.6
Ec m4
Ic MPa

442 |
RC
e0 m
h m
l0
2.
midas Civil
3.4.8
RC -
(1). Fx-min N 3.4.10

m 5.2.3-1
(2). MY-MIN My MY-MAX My
Fx-min(My) Nd
(3). 3.4.113.4.13
(4). [b] 5.2.1 +

[b] 30%
| 443
4.1.8
1.
(TB 10002.3-2005) 5.2.6-6
tp
c
2
c2
4
3.4.14
tp MPa
MPa
c MPa
2.
midas Civil
3.4.9
RC -
(1). tp 5.2.6-6 c
RC - RC
-
444 |
4.1.9
1.
RC
(TB 10002.3-2005) 5.2.6
N M
s
A0 W0
cs n
3.4.15
N MN
A0W0
2
3
m m
M MN.m

n
2.
midas Civil
3.4.10
RC -
(1).
cs=nc
(2). [s] 5.2.2
(3). RC -
| 445
4.1.10
1.
(TB 10002.3-2005) 5.2.6
N M
s
A0 W0
cs n
3.4.16
N MN
A0W0
2
3
m m
M MNm

n
2.
midas Civil
3.4.11
RC -
(1).
cs=nc
(2). [s] 5.2.2
(3). RC -
446 |
4.1.11
1.
RC
(TB 10002.3-2005) 5.2.85.2.9

RC
f K1K 2 K3r
100
Es
4 0.2d
2R x
1.2
R rs x
1n1 2 n2 3n3 As1

Az
Az 4 rs R rs
3.4.17
3.4.18
3.4.19
3.4.20
K1
K2
K3 K3 1.0 K3 1.1
r
r>1.2 1.2
s MPa
d mm
z z 0.005 0.005
n1~n3
Az m2
| 447
2.
midas Civil
3.4.12
RC -
(1). RC -RC -
448 |
4.1.12
1.
RC
(TB 10002.3-2005) 5.2.3-2
Ac mAs
3.4.21
[c] MPa

2.
midas Civil
3.4.13
RC -
(1). c 3.4.21 5.2.3-2
(2). RC -
| 449
RC
4.2
TB 10002.3
2005 RC RC
1
2
3 RC
3.4.14
4 RC
450 |
3.4.15
RC
RC
5 RC
3.4.16
RC
| 451
6 RC
3.4.17
RC
7 RC RC RC
3.4.18
RC
8 RC >RC > RC
3.4.19
452 |
RC
4.3
RC
RC
1 RC TB05RC
3.4.20
2 RC
/RC
3.4.21
RC
| 453
3.4.22
5/
>>
3.4.23
454 |
RC
6RC >>
[] RC
3.4.24
7RC RC
>RC >RC RC
3.4.25
| 455
3.4.26
8 RC >>
+
RC
3.4.27
456 |
RC
10
+
3.4.28
| 457
PSC
PSC
5.1
5.1.1
1.
(TB 10002.3-2005) 6.1.3
c
c
3.5.1

MPa
c
MPa
2.
midas Civil
3.5.1 PSC -
(1).
c
c6.1.3
c
(2).
0
458 |
PSC
(3). _TL_TR_BR_BL_T_B
1~4 6
_max 6
(4). 0.7 0
[]=-0.7 0.7 OK >0.7
NG
(5). _max
(6).
6
62=12
(7).
| 459
5.1.2
1.
(TB 10002.3-2005) 6.2.26.2.3

1 T
x
Ap (h0 ap ) fs As (h0 as )
KM f c bx(h0 ) pa
2
3.5.2
Ap fsAs fcbx
fp Ap fs As pa
pa fp np c1 p1
3.5.3
3.5.4
M MNm
fc 3.1.3 MPa
pa Ap MPa
np
fp
3.2.3 MPa
c1 Ap MPa
c1 Ap MPa
p1
h0 m
f s
MPa
As
2
m
b m
x m
x x0.4hp x 2a x 2a
KM ( f p Ap fs As )(h0 a)
3.5.5
2 T
3.5.6 bf
460 |
PSC
Ap f sAs fcbfhf
fp Ap fs As pa
3.5.6
3.5.7
h
x
KM f c [bx(h0 ) (bf b)hf (h0 f )] pa Ap (h0 ap ) f sAs(h0 as )
2
2
3.5.7
Ap f sAs fc [bx (bf b)hf ]

fp Ap fs As pa
3.5.8
x0.4hp x 2a
x 2 a 3.5.5
2.
midas Civil
3.5.2 PSC -
(1). M M>0 Mn
M<0 Mn
(2). 6.2.2-1 pa

fp 3.2.3 pa fp np c1 p1
(3). K TB05 6.1.5
10%
3.5.3
(4). /
| 461
5.1.3
1.
(TB 10002.3-2005) C.0.2
KV Vcv Vb
3.5.9
Vcv bh0 1.32(2 p) fct3/4 v fs

Vb 0.9 f p Apb sin a
p 100 100
Ap Apb As
bh0
3.5.10
3.5.11
3.5
Av
sv b
3.5.12
3.5.13
K 6.1.5
V MN
Vcs MN
Vb MN
b m
h0
m
p C.0.2-4
p > 3.5 p = 3.5
Av m2
sv m
fct MPa 3.1.4
C
C 0.6mb0
462 |
3.5.14
PSC
Mv
Vh0
3.5.15
C m
m m>3 m=3
h0 m m
Mv MNm
2.
midas Civil
3.5.4 PSC -
(1). C KVVcv+VbC.0.2-1
Vcv
Vb
(2).
Av sv 0 Vcv=0
Vb
(3). K 6.1.5
10%
(4).
b=0
(5). C.0.2-2 p p>3.5
p=3.5
| 463
5.1.4
1.
(TB 10002.3-2005) 6.3.9-16.3.11
Kf c fct
3.5.16
Kf c fct
2S0
W0
3.5.17
3.5.18
6.3.61MPa
Kf 6.1.5
c 6.3.5
MPa
fct 3.1.4 MPa

W0 m3
S0 m3
2.
midas Civil
3.5.5
464 |
PSC -
PSC
(1). 6.3.9-2
ct06.3.11-1
(2).
ct0.7fct6.3.11-2
(3). ct6.3.6-1
c 6.3.5-1
(4). Kf 6.1.5 PSC Kf=1.2
(5). =2S0/W06.3.9-3
(6). Kf+cfct ct0
OKNG
ct0.7fct OKNG
| 465
5.1.5
1.
(TB 10002.3-2005) 6.3.9-26.3.12
tp
cx cy
2
cx cy
2
)2 c2
3.5.19
cp
cx cy
2
cx cy
2
cx c1
cy
) 2 c2
k f1 My0
3.5.21
I0
npv pv apv
bspv
c K f1
3.5.20
Vpb S
bI
3.5.22
3.5.23
tpcp MPa
cxcy MPa
c1 MPa
c MPa
kf1
6.1.5 kf 1.0
M y MNm
npv
pv MPa
apv m2
spv m
466 |
PSC
b m
Vpb MN
I0In
SI m3 m4
2.
midas Civil
3.5.6
PSC -
(1). tpfct6.3.94 cp0.6fc6.3.9-5+

6.3.9-5 0.66fc
(2). tpfct
6.3.12
(3).
| 467
5.1.6
1.
(TB 10002.3-2005) 6.3.10
N M y
A
I
3.5.24
NM MN MNm
AI m2 m4
y m
2.
midas Civil
3.5.7
PSC -
(1). c0.5fc6.3.10-1
+ c0.55fc6.3.10-2
(2). c 6.3.5 6.3.6-1
c 6.3.5 E E.0.2
(3). TLTRBRBLTB 1~4
6
468 |
5.1.7
1.
PSC
(TB 10002.3-2005) 6.3.13
N M y
A
I
p np co
3.5.25
3.5.26
NM MN MNm
AI m2 m4
y m
c MPa
p MPa
co MPa
2
ps p1 p1 p2
p1
10 p Ap
A
(1
ep2
i
ep es
10sl6 As
(1 2 )
A
i
3.5.27
3.5.28
ps
MPa
p1 MPa
p
L4MPa
co MPa
p1 MPa
epes m
i i I / A
| 469
p2 TB05
E E.0.3-1MPa
sL6
sL6=-L6MPa
2.
midas Civil
3.5.8
PSC -
(1). PSC -p0.6fpk

(2). TB05 6.3.6-16.3.6-2
p p p
con
(3). TB05 p p1 p1 p2 6.3.6-4
s
p p
(4).
470 |
5.1.8
1.
PSC
(TB 10002.3-2005)
6.3.14
p 1 pq
3.5.29
p MPa
pq MPa
1 1.0
1.5
2
p p1 p2 pg
3.5.30
p1 MPa TB05 6.3.6-5
p2
MPa TB05 E E.0.3-1E.0.3-2
pg MPa TB05 6.3.6 1
6.3.6-26.3.6-3 np ns 10
| 471
2.
midas Civil
3.5.9
PSC -
(1). p=1pq6.3.14-1
1=1.5
(2). pg 6.3.6-16.3.6-2
(3). 6.3.14-36.3.14-4
(4). [p] 6.3.14
472 |
5.1.9
1.
PSC
(TB 10002.3-2005) 6.3.15
c p 0.17 f c
3.5.31
c MPa
MPa
p MPa
fc MPa
2.
midas Civil
3.5.10
PSC -
(1). 6.3.15 6.3.15 c=-p0.17fc+0.55cy

cy
cy=0
(2). PSC
Sig-xz c
Sig-zz cy
(3). PSC
(4). Sig-xz5Sig-xz10
| 473
5.1.10
1.
(TB 10002.3-2005) 6.3.18

T
wfk 23 (2.4Cs
d
d s2
)
e Es
4( As Ap )
As Ap
Ace
3.5.32
3.5.33
(3.5.34)
wfk mm
Cs mm
d mm
e
0.02 0.04

0.04 0.06
2 1.8
3 1.5
ApAs mm2
U mm
Ace
474 |
PSC
2.
midas Civil
3.5.11
PSC -
(1). wfk TB05 6.3.18-1

Cs as1
e Ap As
(2). TB05 6.3.18
[wfk]
(3).
(4). PSC
| 475
5.1.11
1.
(TB 10002.3-2005) 6.4.3
1
p con ( L 2 L 3 L 4 0.5 L 5 ) 0.65 f pk
3.5.35
2
p con ( L1 L 2 L 4 ) 0.65 f pk
3.5.36
p MPa
L1 MPa
L2 MPa
L3 MPa
L4 MPa
L5 MPa
2.
midas Civil
3.5.12
PSC -
(1). TB05 6.4.3-1

6.4.3-2 con
L1~L5
(2).
5.1.12
1.
476 |
PSC
(TB 10002.3-2005) 6.4.4
c fc
3.5.37
c MPa
C50~C60 0.75C40~C45 0.70
2
ct 0.7 fct
3.5.38
ct MPa
'
c
f fct' MPa
2.
midas Civil
3.5.13
PSC -
(1). CS TB05
6.3.6-1c=N/AMy/I ij 6
(2). sig_MAX=max(BL,BR,TL,TR,B,T)
sig_MAX=min(BL,BR,TL,TR,B,T)
(3). CS
| 477
(4). fc 0.8 fc f ct 0.8 f ct

Excel
(5).
478 |
5.1.13
1.
PSC
(TB 10002.3-2005) 6.1.3
c
c
3.5.39

MPa
c
MPa
2.
midas Civil
3.5.14 PSC -
(1). PSC -
| 479
5.1.14
1.
(TB 10002.3-2005) 6.2.5
1 2a x 0.4h0
KN fcbx pa Ap fsAs fp Ap fs As
3.5.40
2 x 2 a
KN
( f p Ap f s As )(h0 a)
e
3.5.41
3 x 0.4h0
KN
ej
N0
N
e
1 ( 0 1) 0
Nj
ej0
Ap f sAs pa Ap f s As
N 0 f cbh pa
3.5.43
Ap fsAs f p Ap f s As
N j 0.4 f cbh0 pa
3.5.44
Ap (h0 ap ) f sAs (h0 as )

0.32 f cbh02 pa
Nj
Ap (h0 ap ) fsAs(h0 as )
0.5 f cbh02 pa
N0
3.5.45
3.5.46
e0 e c
3.5.47
ej0 ej c
3.5.48
N MN
K TB05 6.1.5
fc TB05 3.1.3
pa Ap MPa
480 |
3.5.42
PSC
fs MPa
As m2
b m
X m
fp MPa
Ap m2
h0 m
e
N Ap As m
N0 MN
Nj MN
cej N0 Nj Ap As m
pa Ap TB05
6.2.2-3MPa
e0 N N0 m
ej0 Nj m
2.
1
(h0 a )
2
3.5.49
midas Civil
3.5.15 PSC -
(1). 6
FX-MAXFX-MINMY-MAXMY-MINMZ-MAX
MZ-MIN
(2). Ap
fc
pa
Ep
Ec
| 481
482 |
5.1.15
1.
PSC
(TB 10002.3-2005) 6.2.16.2.7

1
KN fp Ap fs As
3.5.50
N MN
K TB05 6.1.5
APAS m2
fPfS TB05
3.2.3MPa
2 N Ap As Ap As
KN
KN
f p Ap (h0 ap )
e
f p Ap (h0 ap )
e
fs As (h0 as )
e
fs As (h0 as )
e
3.5.51
3.5.52
3 N Ap As Ap As
x 2a 3.5.53
KN fp Ap fs As pa Ap fsAs fcbx
3.5.53
x 2a 5.1.17-45.1.17-5
KN
( f p Ap fs As )(h0 a )
e
3.5.54
| 483
2.
midas Civil
3.5.16 PSC -
(1). 6
FX-MAXFX-MIN
MY-MAXMY-MINMZ-MAXMZ-MIN
(2). 3.5.513.5.52
(3). 3.5.53
x 2a 3.5.54
484 |
5.1.16
1.
PSC
(TB 10002.3-2005) 6.3.9-16.3.11
Kf c fct
3.5.55
Kf c fct

2S0
W0
3.5.56
3.5.57
TB05
6.3.6-1MPa
Kf TB05 6.1.5
c TB05 6.3.5
MPa
fct TB05 3.1.4 MPa

W0 m3
S0 m3
2.
midas Civil
3.5.17
PSC -
| 485
(1). N Ap As
Ap As
x 0.4h0

=1
(2). PSC -
486 |
5.1.17
1.
PSC
(TB 10002.3-2005) 6.3.10
N M y
A
I
3.5.58
NM MN MNm
AI m2 m4
y m
2.
midas Civil
3.5.18
PSC -
PSC -
| 487
5.1.18
1.
(TB 10002.3-2005) 6.3.13

-
2.
midas Civil
3.5.19
PSC -
(1). PSC -p0.6fpk

(2). PSC -
(3). PSC -
488 |
5.1.19
1.
PSC
(TB 10002.3-2005) 6.3.15

-
2.
midas Civil
3.5.20
PSC -
PSC -
| 489
5.1.20
1.
(TB 10002.3-2005) 6.4.3

--
2.
midas Civil
3.5.21
PSC -
PSC -
490 |
5.1.21
1.
PSC
(TB 10002.3-2005) 6.4.4

--
2.
midas Civil
3.5.22
PSC -
PSC -
| 491
5.2
PSC
TB10002.3
2005 PSC PSC
1
2
3 PSC
3.5.23
4 PSC
3.5.24 PSC
492 |
3.5.25
PSC
5 PSC
3.5.26
PSC
3.5.27. PSC
6 PSC
3.5.28
PSC
| 493
7 PSC PSC PSC
3.5.29 PSC
3.5.30 PSC
8 PSC
3.5.31
494 |
PSC
5.3
PSC
PSC
1 PSC TB05RC
3.5.32
3.5.33
3.5.34 -/
| 495
3PSC
4 PSC
/PSC
5
3.5.35
3.5.36
496 |
PSC
7/
>>
8PSC >>
[] PSC
9PSC PSC
>RC >RC
PSC
3.5.37
| 497
3.5.38
10 PSC
3.5.39
11 PSC
12
PSC
PSC
498 |
3.5.40
PSC
13 PSC >>
+
PSC
| 499
3.5.41
3.5.42
14
15
+
3.5.43
16 PSC -
C C.0.2-3
C.0.2-1
17 PSC -
500 |
6.1
6.1.1
1.
(GB50111-2006)
7.1.2
N
c
Ac mAs
3.6.1
c MPa
N MN
Ac m2
A m2
m
[c] MPa
2.
midas Civil
3.6.1
(1). Fx-min N TB10002.3-2005

c
N
c 5.2.3-1
Ac mAs
| 501
m TB10002.3-2005
5.2.3-1
(2). [c] GB50111-2006 6.1.7-2
(3).
6
62=12
(4).
502 |
6.1.2
1.
(GB50111-2006)
7.1.2
2.
midas Civil
3.6.2
(1).
cs=nc
(2). [s] GB50111-2006 6.1.7-2

(3).
| 503
6.1.3
1.
(GB50111-2006)
7.1.2
2.
midas Civil
3.6.3
(1).
cs=nc
(2). [s] GB50111-2006 6.1.7-2
504 |
6.1.4
1.
(GB50111-2006)
7.1.5-2
2.
midas Civil
3.6.4
(1). e=M/N MN
(2). [e] GB50111-2006 7.1.5-2
| 505
6.1.5
1.
(GB501112006) 7.1.2
N
c
( Ac mAs)
3.6.2
c MPa
N MN
Ac m2
A m2
m
[c] MPa

2.
midas Civil
3.6.5
(1). c TB10002.3-2005 c A mA c 5.2.3-2

c
s

TB10002.3-2005 5.2.3-2
(2). [c] 6.1.7-2
506 |
6.1.6
1.

(GB50111-2006) 7.3.3
max
u
y
3.6.3
u
[u]
max
y
2.
midas Civil
3.6.6
(1).
(2). D/D2
max
max
u [ u ] 7.3.3
y
y
(3). [u] 4.8
| 507
6.2
1
2
3.6.7
3
4
3.6.8
508 |
3.6.9
| 509
3.6.10
7 RC
3.6.11
510 |
RC
3.6.12
9>RC > RC
3.6.13
| 511
6.3
1 TB05RC
3.6.14
2/
RC
3.6.15
3/
>>
512 |
3.6.16
4>RC >RC
RC
3.6.17
5>>
[] RC
| 513
3.6.18
6>>
+
RC
3.6.19
514 |
| 515

civil分析设计原理（2010 08 17）

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civil分析设计原理（2010 08 17）

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Part 1

2.1 ................................................................................................................................ 106

3.1 .................................................................................................................... 108

3.5.3 ......................................................................................... 119

4.1 ................................................................................................................................ 120

4.2 ........................................................................................................................ 121

4.4 ........................................................................................ 125

4.5 ........................................................................................................................ 128

6.1 .................................................................................................................... 135

8.1 ................................................................................................................................ 144

8.3 P-DELTA ................................................................................................................... 149

8.5 .................................................................................................... 152

8.6 ............................................................................................................ 172

8.7 ............................................................................................................ 186

Pushover .......................................................... 214

Pushover ............................................................................................ 221

9.1 ................................................................................................................................ 222

9.2 .................................................................................................................... 227

9.3 .................................................................................................... 232

9.4 ................................................................................................................ 235

9.5 .................................................................................................................... 256

P-M P-M-M ..................................................................................... 258

9.6 ........................................................................................................................ 261

10.1 .............................................................................................................................. 274

10.3 .............................................................................................. 281

10.5 .................................................................................................. 284

11.1 .................................................................................................................. 290

11.2 .................................................................................................................. 293

11.3 .......................................................................................................... 296

PSC ...................................................................................................... 299

12.1 ...................................................................................................... 299

12.3 .................................................................................................................. 306

13.1 .............................................................................................................. 309

13.2 .............................................................................................. 311

1.1 RC ................................................................................................. 327

1.2 RC ......................................................................................................... 360

PSC ........................................................... 370

2.1 PSC ................................................................................................ 370

2.2 PSC ........................................................................................................ 393

2.3 PSC ................................................................................................. 396

3.1 ........................................................................................ 400

3.2 ................................................................................................ 421

4.1 RC ................................................................................................. 434

4.2 RC ......................................................................................................... 450

PSC ...................................................................... 458

5.1 PSC ........................................................................................ 458

5.2 PSC ........................................................................................................ 492

6.1 ........................................................................................ 501

6.2 ................................................................................................ 508

(Global Coordinate System)

(Element Coordinate System)

(Node local Coordinate System)

(Xi, Yi, Zi)

A F12 F22 F32 , B F12 F22 F3 wL0

Isoparametric Plan Stress

eff : von-Mises Stress = (12 1 2 + 2 2 )

(Isoparametric Plane Strain Formulation with Incompatible Models)

midas Civil x-z 1.0()

oct : Octahedral Normal Stress

oct : Octahedral Shear Stress

(XY, YZ) (XY, YZ)

oct : Octahedral Normal Stress

oct : Octahedral Shear Stress