Week 4 Solutions - ENB222

4-35

A well-insulated rigid tank contains 5 kg of a saturated liquid-vapor mixture of water at 100

kP a. Initially, three-quarters of the mass in the liquid phase. An electric resistor placed
in the tank is connected to a 110 V source, and a current of 8 A flows through the resistor
when the switch is turned on. Determine how long it will take to vaporize all the liquid in
the tank. Also, show the process on a T -v diagram with respect to saturation lines.
Information:
m = 5 kg
3
4

of the mass is liquid and

x=

mvapor
mtotal

1
4

is in vapor.

1
4

P1 = 100 kP a
At 100 kP a (from Table A-5)
vf = 0.001043 m3 kg 1
vg = 1.6740 m3 kg 1
v1 = vf + xvf g = 0.001043 + 0.25 (1.6940 0.001043) = 0.4242 m3 kg 1
This is a constant volume process, hence v1 = v2
Finding the Work,
Energy balance for a constant volume process,
W = U = m(u2 u1 )
Using tables to find u1
Much the same as v1 ,
u1 = uf + xuf g
uf = 417.36 kJ kg 1
uf g = 2088.7 kJ kg 1
u1 = 417.36 + 0.25 2088.7 = 939.535 kJ kg 1
When the water is completely vapor we can use the known volume to determine u2 from
table A-5,
2

at vg = 0.4625 m3 kg 1 ; ug = 2553.6 kJ kg 1
at vg = 0.4140 m3 kg 1 ; ug = 2557.6 kJ kg 1
Using linear interpolation to v2 = 0.4242 m3 kg 1
u2 =

2553.62557.6
(0.4242
0.46250.4140

0.4140) + 2557.6

u2 = 2556.8 kJ kg 1
W = m(u2 u1 ) = 5(2556.8 939.535) = 8086.3 kJ
Determining the time,
W = V AT
T =

W
VA

8086.3103
1108

T = 9189.0 s = 153.15 mins

4-40

A piston-cylinder device initially contains steam at 200 kP a, 200 C, and 0.5 m3 . At this
state, a linear spring (F x) is touching the piston but exerts no force on it. Heat is now
slowly transferred to the stream, causing the pressure and the volume to rise to 500 kP a and
0.6 m3 , respectively. Show this process on a P -v diagram with respect to saturation lines
and determine:
(a) the final temperature,
(b) the work done by the steam, and
(c) the total heat transferred.
Information,
Initially,
P1 = 200 kP a, T1 = 200 C, 0.5 m3 .
Final,
P2 = 500 kP a, T2 = ? C, 0.6 m3 .
(a)
Using Table A-6, P = 200 kP a and T = 200 C
v1 = 1.0803 m3 kg 1 , u1 = 2654.4 kJ kg 1
Finding the mass,
m=

V1
v1

0.5
1.0803

= 0.4628 kg

Therefore we can use this mass to determine the final specific volume,
m=

V2
v2

v2 =

V2
m

0.6
0.4628

= 1.296 m3 kg 1

Finding the final temperature,

Using Table A-6 v2 = 1.296 m3 kg 1
At 500 kP a and 1100 C, vg = 1.2672 m3 kg 1
At 500 kP a and 1200 C, vg = 1.3596 m3 kg 1
Using Linear Interpolation,

12001100
T = 1.35961.2672
(1.296 1.2672) + 1100

T = 1132.88 C

(b)
W =

P dV =

P1 +P2
(V2
2

V1 ) =

200+500
(0.6
2

0.5 = 350 0.1

W = 35 kJ
(c)
Energy Balance,
Qin W = U = m(u2 u1 )
Qin = U + W = m(u2 u1 + W
Using Table A-6 again,
At 500 kP a and 1100 C, ug = 4257.0 kJ kg 1
At 500 kP a and 1200 C, ug = 4467.5 kJ kg 1
Using Linear Interpolation,
u2 = 4467.54257.0
(1132.88 1100) + 4257.0 = 4326.21 kJ kg 1
12001100
Therefore,
Qin = m(u2 u1 ) + W = 0.4628(4326.21 2654.4) + 35 = 808.71 kJ

4-79

A mass of 15 kg of air in a piston-cylinder device is heated from 25 to 77 C by passing

current through a resistance heater inside the cylinder. The pressure inside the cylinder is
held constant at 300 kP a during the process, and a heat loss of 60 kJ occurs. Determine
the electric energy supplied in kW h.
Information:
m = 15 kg
P1 = P2 = 300 kP a
T1 = 25 C = 298 K, T2 = 77 C = 350 K
Qout = 60 kJ
Energy Balance at constant pressure,
W Qout = m(h2 h1 )
From Table A-17
h1 = 298.18 kJ kg 1
h2 = 350.49 kJ kg 1
W = m(h2 h1 ) + Qout = 15(350.49 298.18) + 60 = 844.65 kJ
The energy supplied the work divided by number of seconds in an hour and multiplied
by 1 hour,
=

W
t

1 =

8441
3600

= 0.234 kW h

ALTERNATIVE,
Recall,
cp T = h
Therefore,
W = mcp T + Qout
cp can be found in Table A-2(b) using the average of the temperatures and linear interpolation,
cp = 1.00644 kJ kg 1
6

W = 15 1.00644 (77 25 + 60 = 845.023 kJ

845.0231
3600

= 0.234 kW h

4-84

A piston-cylinder device, whose piston is resting on a set of stops, initially contains 3 kg of

air at 200 kP a and 27 . The mass of the piston is such that a pressure of 400 kP a is required
to move it. Heat is now transferred to the air until its volume doubles. Determine the work
done by the air and the total heat transferred to the air during this process. Also show this
process on a P -v diagram.
Information:
m = 3 kg, P1 = 200 kP a, T1 = 27 C = 300 K
3 stages, first constant-volume pressure addition,
V1 = V2 , P2 = 400 kP a
then constant pressure expansion,
V3 = V2 2
Using the ideal gas law,
P1 V1 = mRT1
1
=
V1 = V2 = mRT
P1

30.287300
200

= 1.29 m3

V3 = 2 V2 = 2 1.29 = 2.58 m3
Determining the work done by the air,
W =

R
V1

V3 P dV =

R
V2

V3 P dV = P (V3 V2 ) = 400(2.58 1.96) = 517.2 kJ

Energy Balance,
Ein Eout = E, where E is the change in internal energy
Qin Wout = m(u2 u1 )
Finding u1 and u2 ,
Finding T2 ,
Using the combined gas law,
T3 = T1 PP13 VV31 = 300 400
2 = 1200 K
200
8

Using Table A-17

u1 = u300K = 214.07 kJ kg 1
u2 = u1200K = 933.33 kJ kg 1
Qin Wout = m(u2 u1 )
Qin = m(u2 u1 ) + Wout
Qin = 3(933.33 214.07) + 517.2 = 2674.98 kJ