Globalization is process process by which world is integrating economically, politically,

socially and culturally. This has effects on every country and her society. India is not
untouched from globalization. After opening of economy in big scale during 1990s,
globalization has entered every field.
With globalisation the boundaries between countries are fading and interdependence
between regions is increasing .Globalisation has touched every aspect of the modern
world of which agriculture is one.
Agriculture is not untouched from globalization. Following impacts are being felt:
-Global commodities market have direct bearing on income of farmers. Fluctuation in
prices create distress for poor Indian farmers.
-Input cost for agriculture is also effected by global events. Tension in Eurasian region
can cause fluctuation in price of P fertilizers.
-WTO negotiations have implication for agricultural subsidies. Any change in MSP
structure can impact farmers very badly.
-Import duty relaxation leads to cheaper imports harming the farming sector
-Majority of farmers have small holding. They have not sufficient funds to invest in
modern agricultural practices.
-Cash crop demand increase farmer focus on these crops. But demand and price of these
crops may fluctuate. This have major implication when farmer deviate from food crops.
This have issues for countries food security.
- More importantly, globalisation has shifted the public discourse from agriculture to
industry.
-This has some positive also as export of agricultural produce have created foreign
currency.
-Geographical indexing have improved demand for such commodities in international
markets and this have positive effect on farmers income.
Globalization is a mix bag for agriculture sector. With proper protection to farmers it can
have huge benefits for farmers especially and agricultural sector in general.

Pros

1. Green Revolution
Technology and HYV seeds brought self-sufficiency in Grain production which has
supported Food security of the Indians.
2. Adaptability to modern Technology
New Techniques and tools brought ease in Farming, This has increased per capita yield.
Drip irrigation and water conservation in cultivation. Biotechnology as an offshoot has
developed an interest for innovation.
3. Agri- cultural Marketing
A marked transformation from subsistence farming to commercial cropping can be
largely attributed to integration due to globalisation. commercial cultivation has
increased an overall profitability of agriculture.
4. Food processing Industries
India produces a variety of perishable crops, Due to demand of processed food in India
and World, Various processing businesses has flourished. This has helped generating
millions of Low-skilled jobs and Entrepreneurship.
Cons

Certain Negative impacts of globalisation are

1. Contention in WTO
Subsidies given by Developed world are widely criticised due to their effect on Food
prices in International Market.
2. Intensive Cultivation
Due to a lure of more profitability and intensive cultivation, Fertility of Land has
reduced. Land degradation and salination are crucial problems.
3. Reduction in Public Sector investment
India have seen a gradual reduction in public sector investment. no large investment for
Infrastructure creation. This can be attributed to the low growth of agricultural sector.
Globalisation has certainly many positive effects but benefits are largely reaped by Big
farmers, Small farmers and landless labour are still awaiting their share.