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Proceedings of the Eighth (1998) International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference

Montreal, Canada, May 24-29, 1998


Copyright 1998 by The International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers
ISBN 1-880653-34-6 (Set); ISBN 1-880653-35-4 (Vol. 1)

Foundation Aspects for the Load-Out of 24,000-Tonne Jack-Up Rig


S, Dasgupta
Hyundai Heavy Industries Co, Ltd,
Ulsan, Korea

1.0 ABSTRACT

1. Supporting system during the fabrication of the 'hull'


2. Supporting system of the three 'Spud - legs'
3.Supporting system during the 'Jacking up and Jacking down' tests
of the rig
4. Supporting system during the 'Load - out' of the Jack - up rig
5. Safety of the existing 'Quay wall' during load -out of the rig
6. Overall stability of the entire foundation system
7. Economizing the foundation by using the existing facilities and
foundations

Massive 24,000 Tonne Jack - up Rig was fabricated, in various stages,


at the fabrication yard of Yard number 2. Schematization of the
foundation system become very important due to heterogeneous soil
characteristics across the fabrication yard and due to progressive buildup of the structure. It become a challenge to the Geotechnical engineer
to plan an economic foundation system to take care of the settlement
behavior during different stages of fabrication.
Foundation system was schematized on four skid - way system. During
load-out, the load was transferred in such a manner that the quay wall
was capable of sustaining the load with control settlements. The
calculated behavior matches very well with the recorded observations of
the foundation system.
This paper deals with the analysis , design and behavior of the
foundation system of the jack - up rig.

The Jack - up rig, consists of three numbers of Spud - legs, which will
eventually carry the entire weight of the rig, are spaced in a triangular
manner of spacing 74.75 m, as shown in fig. - 1. The configuration of
the 'Hull' of the Jack - up rig is also shown in fig. - 1. During the
fabrication of the rig, the Hull was to be supported initially. The three
'Spud - legs' will have separate foundation system.

2.0 KEY WORDS

5.0 SUBSOIL PARAMETER

Jack-up rig, Skid-way, Concrete blocks, Piles, Quay-wall, Compression


strut, Settlement

Sub - soil parameters at the Fabrication yard generally consists of 'Fill'


material at the top varying in thickness between 4.0 meter to 23.40
meters, followed by a deposit of 'Transported soil'. The 'Transported
soil' varies in thickness between 9.0 meter to 23.50 meters. Thereafter
'Bed - rock' was encountered having different weathering effect.
Fig. - I also shows the detail plan of Bore hole locations in the area.
Fig. - 3 shows a typical Bore-log. The salient design soil parameters for
the foundation design of the Jack - up rig is shown in Table-I.

3.0 INTRODUCTION
Fabrication of the 24,000 Tonne Jack - up rig was planned to be carried
out at Yard No.2. The exact location of fabrication was chosen in such
a way so as to take the maximum advantage of the existing facilities. It
was therefore decided to fabricate the Jack - up rig where previously
two mammoth Jackets, each weighing more than 35,000 Tonne were
fabricated. Just before the fabrication of the Jack - up rig, various
Jackets, weighing between 2,500 and 3,500 Tonne, were fabricated in
the same area. The sub - soil in the area was therefore subjected to
considerable amount of consolidation and compaction under the heavy
loads at different time over the past several years.
4.0 FOUNDATION SCHEME
The schematization of the foundation system was done , keeping in
view the future requirements of the foundations with respect to the
following stages of progress and operation of the 'Jack - up rig'

The 'Fill' material at the top generally consists of loose to medium


dense silty fine Sand ( SM ) followed by silty angular Gravel with fine
sand, in saturated medium dense condition. Where the 'Fill' material
extends to a greater depth the material consists of medium to dense and
very dense Sand ( SM ) and Gravel ( GM ).
The 'Transported soil' generally consists of Silty sub - rounded Gravel
with fine to coarse sand ( GM ), saturated, medium to very dense in
nature. At a greater depth 'Transported soil' consists of silty fine Sand
with shell fragments, silty angular Gravel with fine to coarse sand
(GM ) dense to very dense in nature.Bedrock consists of highly
weathered bedrock of Shale, crumbles to silty sand and rock fragments
very dense in nature followed by partly weathered bedroc~ of Shale.

375

6.0 DETAIL FOUNDATION SCHEME


A brief description of each foundation system are as explained below

6.1 Foundation during thefabrication of the Hull


Entire area where fabrication was carried out was paved with 200 mm
thick concrete over compacted existing fill material. Foundation system
of the Jack - up rig was planned to be on several small foundations of
steel base plate footings of dimensions 1.5 m square. in general. The
steel tubular members connected to the footings were supporting the
Hull of the Jack - up rig. These small footings, totaling about 200 in
numbers, were placed in a regular grid pattern below the hull of the
Jack - up rig.
Total weight of the Hull was approximately 150 Mn ( 15,000
Tonne). Hence average load carried by each small footing, resting on
the concrete pavement are 750 Kn. The safe bearing capacity of each
footing, considering the effect of 200 mm thick concrete pavement, was
500 Kpa. Accordingly 200 numbers of footings were planned in a
regular grid manner. It is of interest to note that settlement was kept
very much within the allowable limit by placing the footings after
observing the settlement behavior. The Hull build up its load
progressively over a period of one year. Accordingly the number of
footings were increased depending upon the 'Weight control report' of
the Hull.

6.2 Foundation ofthe Spud -legs


The Jack - up rig consists of Three Spud legs as shown in Fig. - 1.
Various alternative foundation system was planned for the Spud legs.
Finally the most economic and practical system adopted for the
foundation is as shown in Fig. - I. Each spud leg was having three
elevated steel plate which provides the base. The foundation was
designed as an isolated footing under each of these elevated steel plate.
These foundations were designed to carry the load during testing of the
Jack - up rig.

6.3 Foundation system during the Load out of the jack up rig
Due to the mammoth weight of the Jack - up rig, the 'load - out' was
planned to be carried out on 'Skid - ways'. On careful planning, it was
decided to load out the 24,000 tonne ( 240 Mn ) rig using four skid ways as shown in Fig. - 1 and Fig. - 2. In order to re - use the facilities
available at the fabrication yard, the skid-ways were located at a place
where earlier Jackets were fabricated.
Two skid - ways were therefore founded on two existing skid - ways of
earlier jacket. The balance length of the skid - way were founded partly
on piles and partly on existing concrete blocks as shown in Fig. - 2.
Remaining two skid - ways was founded on two new foundation system
which was again partly on piles and partly on existing concrete blocks.
Existing Skid way was founded on 40 meter long, 610 mm Outside
diameter steel tubular piles of 16 mm wall thickness. Reinforced
Concrete mat foundation consisting of several mats, each of size 6.0 m
* 3.0 m * 0.7 m thickness were used beyond the piled foundation.
As can be seen from Fig. - 2, the two new skid - ways were founded on
36.7 meter long pile cap, just behind the Quay wall. Balance skid - way,
beyond the pile foundation, was supported on R.c. Mat.
The extent or length of Skid - way resting on piled foundations was on
the basis of overall stability of entire foundation system.

during load out operation. The load shall be applied at the center of the
Quay wall as a 'point load', so that it is not subjected to high destabilizing moment. For that purpose the 'Skid beam' was planned to be
supported between the Quay wall and the Pile cap. The Skid beam will
be resting on 'Stubs' so that during the load out of the Rig, the load
coming on the Skid beam will be transferred to the Quay wall through
the 'Stubs' as point load.
'Link Beam' was placed between the Quay wall and the 'Transporter
barge' for load out of the Rig. Link beam was supported on the same
'Stub' as 'Skid beam', thus ensuring the transfer of Rig load as
'concentrated load' at the center of the Quay wall.

6.5 Overall safety of the entire foundation system


Two types of stability analysis were carried out to ensure the overall
safety of the entire foundation system.

6.5.1 Stability during fabrication, testing and load out


Simplified Bishop's method of stability analysis were carried out to find
the 'global stability' of the 'entire foundation system' during
fabrication, testing and load out operation of the rig, Slip circle analysis
were carried out in a grid manner. Fig. - 2 shows the critical slip circle
with minimum safety factor of 1.937, thus ensuring the overall stability
during fabrication, testing and load out. The case considered here was
the stability of the foundations due to the de-stabilizing force exerted by
the weight of the rig.

6.5.2 Overall stability during pulling ofthe rig


During load out operation, pulling force to the rig was applied from the
transporter barge. The pulling force was estimated as 15 percent of the
vertical load. Transporter barge thus exert a horizontal reaction force on
the quay wall through the fenders. Safety of the quay wall and other
foundation system was therefore verified. On verification, it was
observed that concrete blocks of the quay wall will slide against each
other, thus becoming unsafe against the applied horizontal force. The
quay wall was constructed by placing concrete blocks on each other.
A scheme was developed for 'not transferring' this horizontal pulling
force to the 'quay wall'.
Two tubular members, called 'compression struts', were hinge
connected, between the transporter barge' and each of the four 'pile
caps'. Total eight numbers of 'compression struts' were provided on
four pile caps. This struts, trlsfer the horizontal pulling force, directly
to the pile cap and hence to the piles.
Stability check were carried out for the piles. Single pile analysis were
carried out using P - Y data and equivalent horizontal force, acting on
the pile. Analysis revealed that the piles were safe against the pulling
force. Detail analysis are not discussed in this paper.
It may be observed from Table - 3, that actual maximum friction was
13.58 percent during initial pulling as against 15 percent assumed.
7.0 DETERMINATION OF SOIL FOUNDATION PARAMETER
In order to assess the design soil parameters for the analysis and
design of foundations, following investigations were carried out
a) Footing load tests for assessment of sub-grade modulus! soil
spring constant
b) Assessment of sub grade modulus! soil spring based on soil
properties

6.4 Quay wall of the fabrication yard

7.1 Footing Load Tests

On the basis of detail analysis it was observed that the existing Quay
wall was not strong enough to carry the distributed load of Jack up rig

376

Footing load tests were carried out at four locations for establishing the
sub grade modulus I soil spring values. Load tests were carried out on
each of the four skid ways. These values were compared with the values
obtained from the sub soil shear strength parameters and finally was
used for the settlement analysis of the various foundation system.
Footing load tests were carried out on 2m*2.5m* 1.2m thick Concrete
blocks, each weighing about 140Kn. The test was carried out for a
maximum load of 1000 Kn. The results of the tests were quite
interesting. The settlement under two test footing shows very little
settlement with no change in the slope of the 'load - settlement curve'.
This footings were placed where earlier two heavy jackets were
fabricated, thus indicating compaction and settlement earlier. Other two
footings shows changes in slope of the 'load - settlement' curve.

7.1.1 Assessment of Sub-grade modulus


For the assessment of sub-grade modulus of the actual foundation,
consideration was given for the zone of influence of the pressure bulb
of each foundations. On careful assessment upper and lower bound
values of sub-grade modulus were established. These values ranges
between 6.5 Mpa to 12.0 Mpa.
The area covered under foundations were wide spread, as can be
seen from the bore-logs. The subsoil parameters are variable. Hence
settlement of each foundation system were computed using subgrade parameters depending upon the soil stratification I layering,
soil shear strength parameters, degree of compaction, relative density
etc.

are shown in Fig. -2. The extent and length of pile cap I pile
foundation was governed by the 'Overall stability' of the entire
foundation system as was explained earlier.
Pile Driveability analysis were carried out using 'wave equation
analysis' utilizing 'GRL WEAP' software package.
Kobe K - 45 diesel hammer was used for driving the piles to the design
penetrations with pile tip resting on rock strata. Exact driven lengths of
the piles were within + I - 5 m of the design penetration. The factor of
safety of the piles varies between 1.65 to 1.98 with respect to estimated
capacity.
Load on each skid - way was calculated as 2.0 Mn I m. Considering 10
percent more load for design consideration, the skid - way was designed
for 2.2 Mn I m of loading. Thus foundation was designed for 0.37 Mpa
of load. However the existing double layer concrete blocks were safe
for 3.0 Mn I m ofload.
8.2 Assessment of Bearing capacity of Concrete block Mat
foundation of Skid - way
Total fabrication and load out area of the jack-up rig was covered by
sixteen bore holes, as shown in Fig. - I. Bearing capacity of Mat
foundation was assessed based on worst bore hole data. For assessment
purpose of bearing capacity, soil parameters up to a depth of 12.5 m
was considered. Safe bearing capacity of 6 m wide foundation resting
directly on so.il was estimated as 0.45 Mpa with a safety factor of 2.0.
Settlement was however calculated at different location using actual
available soil parameter and will be discussed later in this paper.
8.3 Spud - leg foundation

8.0 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF FOUNDATION SYSTEM


Detail analysis were carried out for each of the following foundation
system
a) Pile foundation for skid way
b) Raft foundation using concrete blocks for Skid way
c) Isolated Reinforced concrete Spud-leg foundation
d) Quay wall foundation

8.1 Skid - way foundation


Entire structure was loaded out on four skid - ways as shown in Fig.-2.
Each skid way was resting partly on pile cap, supported by 610 mm
0.0. * 16 mm thick steel tubular piles.
The balance length of skid-ways were resting on Mat foundations
prepared by 'existing concrete blocks', each of size 6 m * 3 m * 0.7 m
thick. Two concrete blocks were placed one above the other, thus
making the foundation thickness as 1.4 m with width of footing as 6 m.
On the top of the concrete blocks and pile caps, skid beam and skid
shoes were placed.
The pile supported foundation of the portion of the skid-ways of row 17
and 25 were resting on existing pile cap. The piled foundation was
extended by a 'New pile foundation system'. The new pile cap was 13.6
m long and 5 m wide, except near the quay wall where the width of the
pile cap was 6 m for a length of2 m. The 'Stub' of the skid beam and
the link beam were directly resting on the first row of three piles.
Skid-ways of rows II and 33 were founded on new piles I pile cap of
length 36.7 m and width 5 m , except near the quay wall where the
width was 6 m for a length of 5.75 m.
Estimated pile capacities and pile lengths under different rows,
considering subsoil design parameters, were calculated and shown in
Table-2. Based on above estimated pile capacities the total number of
piles,along with spacing under different skid-ways, were estimated and

Each spud - leg was resting on three isolated footing. Spud - leg
foundation was designed to carry the total load of the jack - up rig.
During jack up and jack down test of the rig, the foundation system has
to be safe enough to carry the entire load. Also during jack up
condition, the Hull of the rig was at a height of around 10m above the
ground level.
However the foundation system was checked and designed for an
elevated hull at 100 m above ground level, with wind speed of 125
Kmph. Considering equal load distribution on three legs, the load on
each leg becomes 240 I 3 = 80 Mn.
20 percent more loads were considered due to uncertainties of load
distribution etc .. Thus spud leg isolated foundations was designed for a
vertical load of96 Mn.
Each spud - leg was having three elevated steel base plates. After
studying several alternatives, Isolated foundations were provided under
each of the three base plates. Thus each isolated footing carried a
vertical load of 96 I 3 = 32 Mn. Additionally foundation also carried a
load due to horizontal wind force during the jack up condition. Based
on above load, foundation size of isolated footing works out as 8.5 m *
8.0 m * 2.0 m thick. The depth of foundation was 2.0 m below the
existing ground level.
Bearing capacity of the foundation was assessed based on the worst
bore hole soil shear strength parameter. The minimum safe ( Safety
factor = 2.0 ) bearing capacity of the above foundation works out as
0.60 Mpa. Maximum foundation pressure estimated during jack up
(test) condition of the rig at 100 m above the ground level was 0.52
Mpa thus ensuring the safety of the isolated foundation. Settlement was
however assessed based on bore hole data and soil parameter at the
actual location.
8.4 Quay wall foundation
Existing Quay wall was constructed using concrete blocks as shown in
Fig. - 2. Maximum load on quay wall due to'reaction' of 'skid beam'

377

and 'link beam' was 17.2 Mn. This load was planned to be taken
directly by the quay wall as concentrated load at the center of the quay
wall. Considering load dispersion of IH in 2V, the load at the base of
the quay wall was 0.375 Mpa.
Safe allowable bearing capacity estimated from the subsoil parameter
was varying between 1.15 Mpa to 1.5 Mpa.
Settlement at different location of the quay wall was estimated
considering actual soil parameter of the location.

tests after 21 days are as shown in Table - 5. Values of 'estimated


settlements' and 'observed settlements' recorded during tests, were
compared. It may be observed that the estimated settlement matches
very well with the recorded settlement.
During 'jacking up' and 'jacking down' tests, the "hull' of the jack up
rig was elevated by 10m above the skid way foundation level. It was
kept in that position for about 14 days and then 'jacked down' and
kept about 500 mm above skid way foundation for another 7 days.

9.0 LOAD - OUT PROCEDURE


Load-out of the jack-up rig was carried out in two stages
Stage-I Pre-load out
Stage-II Final load out
Load out was carried out using 'Active shoe system'. Two shoes were
used in each of the skid ways. Each shoe of skid ways in rows II, 17
and 25 was supported by 16 numbers of2.5 Mn capacity jack having a
stroke of 200 mm. Thus under each shoe, 16 jacks were used with total
capacity of 40.0 Mn. Under skid way 33, each of the two shoe was
supported by 12 jacks of 2.5 Mn capacity and stroke of 200 mm. Thus
total 120 numbers of jacks with total capacity of 300 Mn were used
during the load out of the jack up rig.
Total estimated pulling force required during load out was 0.15 * 240
= 36 Mn. Hence 'pulling system' utilized, comprised of 8 numbers of
5.6 Mn jacks, thus giving a total pulling force of 44.8 Mn.
During load out operation, actual pulling force required at different
stage is shown in Table - 3. 'Teflon' was applied on the skid way to
reduce the friction during pulling.
Pre load-out was carried out prior to actual load out. The jack-up rig
during the pre load out stage was brought very near to the quay wall,
with skid shoes resting on the pile cap. Final load out was undertaken
after 12days of pre load out.
10.0 SETTLEMENT ANALYSIS
Settlement analysis was carried out for the following foundation system
a) Spud-leg foundation during the 'Jacking up' and Jacking down'
tests
b) Skid way foundations resting on pile cap
c) Skid way foundation resting on Mat made of double layer
concrete blocks
d) Quay wall
Settlement and behavior of every foundations were recorded and
comparisons were made between the calculated and recorded settlement
and will be shown in subsequent paragraph of this paper.
10.1 Settlement analysis of Spud leg foundations
Settlements were calculated at center, comer and edge of each of the 9
isolated spud leg foundations and are shown in Table - 4

10.2 Settlement Analysis of skid - way foundations resting on pile


cap
It may be observed from Fig. -2 , that part of the skid way foundation
was resting partly on pile - pile cap foundation system near the quay
wall. Lengths of the piles were variable. Maximum skid way load was
2.2 Mn per m run. Hence load on two piles at extreme end of the skid
way, away from the quay wall, were 2.85 Mn and 3.47 Mn. The loads
on the piles were within the safe allowable capacity of the piles.
Assessment of settlements of piles hence pile cap were carried out
based on the following parameters

a)
b)

Elastic settlement of the pile


Settlement of pile i_ soil system

10.2.1 Elastic settlement ofpiles


Point of fixity of pile, obtained from the "single pile analysis', was 14.0
m. Stiffness of pile obtained was 442.0 Mn 1m. Elastic settlement of
pile varies between 6.3 mm and 7.7 mm.
10.2.2 Settlement ofpile - soil system
Axial skin friction versus pile axial
deflection ( T - Z ) data
and End bearing versus axial deflection ( Q - Z ) data was developed
based on pile - soil data. On the basis of loads exerted on the piles, both
deflections were worked out from the T - Z and Q - Z data. From the
pile capacity data developed' from pile - soil parameters it was observed
that the 'skin friction' was fully mobilized and end bearing was partly
mobilized which resulted in a pile displacement varying between 1.53
mm to 6.1 mm.
Hence total pile head settlement under the skid way load varies between
9.0 mm to 14.0 mm.
10.2.3 Observed pile cap settlement
During load out of the Jack up rig, settlements were recorded at regular
intervals along the entire leFigth of the skid way. Recorded I observed
settlements of skid ways resting on pile - pile cap foundation system
varied between IO mm to 19 mm., thus showing very close resemblance
with the 'calculated settlement' figures.
10.3 Settlement analysis of Skid way footing resting directly on soil

Settlement of Spud-leg foundations, calculated, depends on the


followings
a) sub-grade modulus at different locations of the footings
b) area of influence at center, comer and edge
c) load intensity etc.
Although the load carried by each spud legs were more or less same,
but load under each isolated footings under each spud leg was
different.Recorded settlements during Jacking up and Jacking down

10.3.1 Settlement analysis of skid way


Part of the 'skid - way' foundation beyond the pile cap was resting on
'concrete mat foundations' made of available 'concrete blocks'. Two
blocks were placed one above the other and placed one after the other
with width of mat foundation as 6.0 m.
It was discussed earlier that jack up rig was supported on each skid way using two 'skid - shoes' each of length 2*6.0 m = 12.0 m.

378

Structural load dispersion of 45 degree was considered for assessment


of 'effective size' of skid foundation.
Effective zone of influence of 2 times the width, that is 12 m below the
base of mat was considered, for estimation of settlements of tlie skid
way mat foundations. Actual available Soil data along the length of
each skid way was considered for assessment of settlement. Based on
different sub grade modulus values at different locations, estimated
settlement curve was developed and presented in Fig. - 4. It may be
observed from the curves that the estimated settlements along the four
skid ways varies between 22 mm to 141 mm. From the nature of the
sub soil it may be observed that the soil is predominantly sandy in
nature. Thus settlement will be somewhat immediate in nature.
Due to presence of silts and some thin intrusions of clay seams, the
long term settlements will continue but the magnitude was estimated to
be very small. Moreover load - out operation was somewhat continuos
and immediate in nature with respect to settlement. Thus the
. immediate settlement' was expected to be of interest for the load out
purpose.

10.3.2 Recorded settlement


Settlement recorded along the length of four skid ways varies between
30 mm to 136 mm. The jack up rig load was released entirely on the
four skid ways from the legs and was allowed to be in the same position
for four days before pre load out operation. The settlement was
recorded along the four skid ways at every 6.0 m distance throughout
the load out operation and also during the 'load transfer' stage and
during four days of jack up 'resting' on the skid ways. Table - 6 shows
the settlement recorded along the length of four skid ways.
The recorded settlement generally matches well with the estimated
settlements which enables the pre load out operation to be quite
successful.
10.4 Settlement analysis of Quay wall during load out
Settlement analysis of quay wall was carried out based on sub soil
parameters below the quay wall foundations. Estimated settlement
along the quay wall varies between 75 mm to 120 mm. This quay wall .
was earlier subjected to various loads during the load out operations of
various other jackets with different loads. Thus it has undergone
considerable amount of settlements earlier. Thus the expected
settlement was estimated to vary between 25 mm to 40 mm, about one
third of the calculated settlement. Moreover stroke of the jack was 200
mm which therefore can take care of larger settlement variations.

Load out of the massive Jack up rig is a difficult and complicated


operation. Careful schematization of the foundation system to take care
of the loads of the rig at different stages of fabrication is of extreme
importance for the individual safety of each foundation and overal
safety of the entire foundation system.
Assessment of subsoil parameter is of paramount importance in
estimating the foundation behaviour.
Simplified approach using basic principles of soil mechanics and
foundation engineering were used for the estimation of bearing
capacity, settlement and stability.
Recorded observations matches very well with the calculated behavior,
thus establishing the applicability of simplified approach.

12.0 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The Author is grateful to the management of Hyundai Heavy Industries
Co. Ltd.Jor the encouragement given for the preparation of this paper.
Author expresses his deep sense of regards to his colleagues for the
valuable information and technical details provided during the
preparation of this paper.

13.0 REFERENCES
API RP 2A - WSD, 20 th Edition, July1, 1993, Recommended Practice
for Planning, Designing and Constructing Fixed Offshore Platforms Working Stress Design.
BOWLES, J.E., Foundation analysis and design, McGraw - Hill Book
Co.
McCLELLAND, B and REIFEL, M.D., Planning and design of fixed
offshore platforms, Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New-York
POULOS, H.G., Proceedings, 1st International Conference on
Numerical Methods in Offshore Piling, Institute of Civil Engineers,
London
TOMLINSON, MJ., Pile design and construction practice, E and FN
SPON, An Imprint of Chapman and Hall
WINTERKORN, H.F. and FANG, H.Y., Foundation engineering
handbook, Van Nostrand Publishing Company, 1975

10.5 Special consideration


To take care of variable settlements between each foundation systems
like concrete mat foundations, pile - pile cap foundations, quay wall
foundations and finally the 'transporter barge', top of foundations were
constructed at different levels. Since estimated settlements of pile cap
was much less than concrete mat foundations, so top of pile cap was
constructed 75 mm below the concrete mat foundations, to take care of
'immediate settlement' of the mat foundations. This enables less
differential settlements between the two foundation system. The 'skid
shoe' was fabricated to have a shape like 'sledge' or 'ski' for smooth
transfer between two foundation systems.
Also the 'skid beam' between pile cap and quay wall was made to
overhang I cantilevered about 500 mm beyond the 'stub' constructed on
the pile cap, to take care of flexibility during transfer of skid shoes from
pile cap to quay wall.

11.0 CONCLUSIONS

379

TABLE-I.
SUB-SOIL DESIGN PARAMETER

**

kef) for

kef)

Mn/m3

Degrees

B=lm (Mn/m3)

B=5m (Mn/m3)

10 - 35

80.0

31 - 35

10-40

3 - 28

0.5

8,0

33.3

28

15

1.0

18.0

75.0

33

GM(Den)

30

3.0

36.0

150.0

40

Weather-

SM

50

3.0

40.0

165.5

40

75.0

50..0

Ed Rock

SM

100

7.5

80.0

335.5

45

150.0

95.0

Soft Rock

20.0

Hard Rock

Origin

Soil

SPT

Qu

Es

Classification

Mpa

Mpa

Fill

SM

12 - 30

1.0

Transpo-

SM

Rted Soil

GM(Med)

100.0

K(30)

500.0

50

** For 300 mm diameter plate


TABLE-2
ESTIMATED PILE CAPAClTY

LENGTH,M

PILE SIZE, MM

ROWS

ESTIMATED SAFE

LOAD TEST SAFE

CAPACITY, MN

CAPACITY, MN

11

610 * 16 thk.

30m to 34 m

4.0 to 4.5

17

610

* 16 thk.

34 m to 40 m

4.5 to 5.05

25

610 * 16 thk.

34 m to 40 m

4.5 to 5.05

33

610

* 16 thk.

36 m to 46 m

4.6 to 5.7

6.25

Safety factor of 1.5 was adopted


TABLE-3
PULLING FORCE

ITEM

ROW 11

ROW

ROW

ROW

TOTAL

TOTAL

TOTAL

17

25

33

PULLING

PULLING

FRICTION

FORCE

MOMENT

PERCENT

Mn

Mn-m

Dead weight of Jack up rig, Mn

60

64

64

48

Pulling arm from C.G of Jack up rig, M

(-) 22.4

(-) 8.05

8.75

33.05

Initial Pulling force(OHrs) Mn

32

90.8

13.58 %

Subsequent Pulling Force(6 Hrs) Mn

16

45.4

6.7%

Subsequent Pulling Force(20Hr ) Mn

16

45.4

6.7%

380

TABLE-4
SETTLEMENT OF SPUD-LEG FOUNDA TIONS

Location

Foundation

Depth of

Soil Spring

Soil Spring

Estimated

Estimated

Size, m

Foundation,

Constant, k I

Constant, k2

Settlement dl, mm

Settlement d2,

Mn/m3

Mn/m3

mm

Center

8.5* 8.0*2.0

2.0

2.75

4.63

215

85

Comer

8.5*8.0*2.0

2.0

6.7

11.3

88

52

Edge

8.5*8.0*2.0

2.0

4.48

7.62

131

77

Center

8.5* 8.0*2.0

2.0

5.5

11.1

86.0

36.0

Comer

8.5* 8.0*2.0

2.0

13.2

27.0

35

15

Edge

8.5*8.0*2.0

2.0

8.9

18.1

53

26

TABLE-S
RECORDED SETTLEMENT OF SPUD LEG ISOLA TED FOUNDATIONS

Position of Recording

Settlement

In

Leg - I, mm

Settlement in Leg - 2, mm

Settlement in Leg - 3, mm

A Inner Footing

145 ( 131 )

197(215 )

98 ( 88 )

B Clockwise from A

140

172

88

C Anticlockwise from A

125

118

70

Values within brackets are estimated settlements.

TABLE-6
RECORDED SETTLEMENT OF SKID WAYS
STATION NUMBERS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
II
12

*
Row - II
49
96
117
136
124
96
50
13
3

SETTLEMENTS OF SKID WAYS, mm


Row-17
Row-25
41
38
74
68
79
96
84
78
73
80
83
70
49
63
17
21
I
I

* DIstance between each recordmg statIOns were 6.0 m.

381

Row - 33
31
39
26
5
13
32
26
II
-2
-10
-8
-2

'11r

HULL CONFIGURATION OF JACK UP RIG

30000

50000
Vl

-..J

to

lJl

0
0
0
0

L~

o
o
o
o

12000
44000

LEGEND ~

o
~
_

BORE HOLE(S)
OLD BORE HOLE(BH)

FOOTING LOAD TESTS(P)


"TYP. SPUD-LEG FOUNDATION

(8.5*8.0M*2.0M)

FIG-1

SOIL TEST LOCATIONS


382

SOIL TYPE

THICKNESS M

10

FILL

13

Silty fine to
occasionally
encountered
Sity angular
With fine to

14

40-234 M

23
0

00

90-23 5 M

--.
:z
0

....

33
19
14

0 0

0
0
0

,
,

23

TRANSPORTED DEPOSIT
Silty sub-rounded GRAVEL With fine
to coase
Sond (GM) contains shell fragments.
saturated
medium dense to very dense

32

50/12 BED -

fragments, moist, very dense

iii

ROCK

Highly weathered bedrock of SHALE.


crumbles to silty sand rock

'"

"1

-se sand brown saturated medium

dense
Boulder. Shale

U
:z

Co

30

00
0

:z
::>

<:.

00

(;

course SANO (SM)


grovel & some cobbles.
GRAVEL(GM)
coor-

50/3 Partly weathered berack of SHALE.


many fracture and bedding

i.t'.

50/4

SOFT-ROCK

flG-3 TYPICAL BORE-LOG

01'
o

16001

1600 1

L-~~~~ _ _ _ _ _~_ _ _ _ _ _~~~~~~~~~/_ _ _ _~


SEA

LOAD(Qu), Kpo
200

300

400

500

600

ROW JJ

COMPRESSION STRUT

50

36700
/

ROW 17 &: 25

SKIDDING SURFAC-E
SKID BEAM

E100~---+----~----~--~~--~--~~--~
ROW! 1

/"

~150~----+-----+-----~----~----~----~k---~

6
<Il

200~--~-----4-----4-----+-----+----~~--~

PILE FOUNPATION

250L---~-----L-----L----~----L-----~--~

(ADJACENT TO QUAY)

flG 4 LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE fOR 6 M


WIDE SKID WAYSIOTAL FOUNDATION SYSTEM

[IG-2 IOTA!.. FOUNDAIION SYSTEM

383

Pages 384-391 are blank.

384

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391

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