CIRCULATION

The circulation of the surrounding are arranged as following :

The building share a same route for ingress and egress.
The route are used for users and also for building services.
The entrance for the building are located at the front with prepared parking lot
for users.
The front of the building are public while the sides and back are private ( for
staffs and loading unloading workers)
The backs side of the building are for maintenance services for the building.
Also act as emergency escape for staffs.
The loading trucks usually circulated around the loading bay to drop goods for
the building.

CIRCULATION PRACTICES IN ARCHITECTURE

The main entrance for the users are usually located facing the most crowded

place to gain attention for the buildings.

The loading unloading bay are located at place which are most hidden from

public view (usually at the back side of the building).

The entrance route and services route are usually seperated from each other.
The entrance route are from primary route and services route are from

secondary or tertiary route surrounding the site.

The services route should follow building by law requirement which include

appropriate size and turning point for large truck.

The services route should be clear from any obstacle to smoothen the
circulation.

The bin collector or refuse chamber should not be placed directly against the
strongest wind direction to avoid unnecessary smell going to inside the
building.

FUTURE CONSIDERATION FOR ENHANCE THE CIRCULATION

Create a proper zoning within the buildings to separate public places and
private spaces.
Prepared a close and covered refuse chamber at the services route.
Location for fresh goods storage and refuse chamber should be away from
each other to ensure hygiene of the products.
Clear the services route to make the circulation smooth and avoid obstacle in
case an emergency happening.
Main entrance and loading bay bring two different visual impression to the
users. Try to locate it appropriately to increase the building visual image.

LOADING SPACES
The spaces are divided into few areas which are :

Loading area ; For loading and unloading goods to the storage and remove
rubbish from the building

Cold storage ; To store cold and wet food that need to be stored in a low
temperature room.
This include the use of freezer box which is used to store cold
food such as meat and vegetables. There are four units of

freezer box placed outside of the store room.

Dry storage ;To store dry goods that can be keep in room temperature.
Bin centre ; A centre that collect all the rubbish and waste from the building. It
is located near to refuse chamber.

LOADING AND UNLOADING REGULATION

1. The following practices should be followed wherever possible:
a) no vehicle should be loaded beyond its rated capacity or beyond the legal limit of
gross weight;
b) before loading is started, the floor of the vehicle should be checked to ensure that it
is safe to load;
c) loads should be properly secured or arranged so that they are safe for both
transportation and unloading, for example so that they do not slide forward in the
event of the driver having to brake suddenly, or move sideways when cornering;
d) loading/unloading should be carried out so as to maintain, as far as possible, a
uniform distribution of the load. Uneven loading may result in the vehicle or trailer
becoming unstable, particularly if it is an articulated or similar type of trailer which
has been detached from the tractor unit.
e) loading and unloading vehicles from one side using lift trucks can result in pallets on
the opposite side being disturbed sufficiently to cause a pallet(s) to fall. The
opposite curtain or side should be retained in position while loading/unloading;
f) before ropes, tarpaulins or the curtains of curtain-sider lorries are removed, the
vehicle and load should be checked to ensure that the removal of ropes or other
security devices will not allow materials or goods to fall;

g) the driver of the vehicle is responsible for ensuring that the load is secure: operators
of lift trucks should take instructions from the driver concerning positioning of loads;
h) loading/unloading should never be carried out on significant gradients.
2. When an opening or edge is being used to load/unload goods or materials from one
level to another, where there is a danger of a person falling, it should be fenced as far as
possible. If fencing is not possible, alternative safeguards should be used as far as
possible, for example a secure guard rail which goods or materials may safely pass under
or over.

Dock Levelers
3. Dock levelers are devices used to bridge the gap between the loading dock and
vehicle trailer, thereby providing access for lift trucks and roll containers etc. There
are two basic types:
a) hydraulic- raised and lowered by an electrically powered hydraulic cylinder;
b) mechanical -activated by a pull chain or other device that releases a spring
mechanism,raising the platform and extending the lip. The platform descends
into its workingposition on the trailer bed when an employee 'walks down' the
platform.
4. The main hazards associated with dock levelers are:
a) trapping of feet or toes between the descending platform and loading dock;
b) overturning of mechanical handling devices (for example by contact with
raised or depressed platform);
c) trips or falls caused by raised or depressed platform;
d) falls of people, goods or materials from platform.
e) trapping of people underneath dock leveler.
5. The following safeguards should be adopted when dock levelers are used:

a) when dock levelers, which are installed as an integral part of the loading dock,
are not in use and people, lift trucks, roll containers or other mechanical
handling devices are likely to travel over or adjacent to the dock leveler, its
platform should be returned to a horizontal position flush with the loading dock
as soon as loading/unloading is completed. A mechanism fitted to the dock
leveler which automatically returns the platform to a horizontal position after
use will give increased protection against the risks caused by inadvertent
raised or depressed platform positions;
b) toe guards should be provided, for example fencing at the sides of the leveler
that prevent feet or toes from being caught under the platform as it descends
c) provide a mechanism which prevents the springs from pulling back the
platform to its raised position during loading/unloading on mechanical dock
levelers (this will prevent the risk of a lift truck reversing into the raised
platform when leaving the trailer);
d) provide a mechanism which prevents the platform from free-falling in the
event of an emergency, for example premature departure of a vehicle.
e) provide skirt plates or other suitable devices to enclose the trapping hazards
below the platform;
f) provide manually operated scotches or other equally effective means to
enable the dock leveler to be mechanically locked in a raised position when
maintenance or repair work is
necessary.
Maintenance
6. Defective dock leveler safety features, twisted, cracked or misaligned platforms or
other
defects can cause serious accidents, for example overturning of lift trucks.
Employers should

therefore have:
a. an effective system to report defects and carry out remedial repair
work;
b. a planned routine maintenance system.

TYPES OF SERVICES
- fire-fighting system
- electrical system
- mechanical ventilation system
- loading and unloading system
- solid-waste system
- water supply system
- sewerage system

PROGRAMS OF THE GOODS-LOADING

Step 1 The goods are being delivered by lorries, the lorries access from the service
area

entrance.

Step 2 Goods are being loaded at the loading bay.

Step 3 Goods are being kept in the storage according to the type of goods; cold
and warm storage.
Step

Some

are

being

put

at

the

racks.

COMMENTS/PROPOSAL
1.NO SITE BARRIER
From the entrance, the view from
loading unloading area already give
off bad impression to the visitors
because of improper site barrier and
it level of cleanliness itself.

Proposed idea:
To avoid the visitor feel distracted by the mess of loading unloading area, it is
important to design a wall or vegetation to deviate their focus and to give off sense of
welcoming.

2. NO PROPER STORAGE FOR PALETTES

As there is no proper storage for palettes, the loading unloading area look messier
and may harmful to workers if it falling down. Plus, it give off unpleasing view and
level down the level of cleanliness at there.

Proposed idea:

Therefore, it is important to provide storage for palettes near to the loading unloading
area. The location of storage must not disturb the process of loading unloading and
also must near to access from the the lorry or truck so that the time to unload or load
the palettes can be cut off.

3. LARGE SPACES ARE WASTED FOR SERVICE PURPOSE

Photo shows unnecessary ample space available for the loading/unloading

(Source: Students fieldwork)

Less efficiency can be seen in the building through the let-able area to services area
ratio. The services area takes more than enough spaces for it to operates.
Calculation of the current efficiency can be seen as below:
Site area: 22283.69 m2

Services of ground floor

= 1729 m2
NLA of plinth area
= plinth area services area
= 7814 m2 - 1729 m2
= 6065 m2
Efficiency of building:
(NLA / Plinth Area) x 100%
= (6065 m2 / 7814 m2 ) x 100%
= 77 %

Proposed Idea:
The services area is optimised and the let-able area is expanded. It is crucial for the
benefit of the company in the long run through anticipation of public and potential
customers.

Figure shows the placement of proposed let-able area.

(Source: Students proposal)
4. LACK MAINTENANCE IN CLEANLINESS AND TIDINESS

Photos show untidiness that can be seen at isolated spaces

(Source: Students fieldwork)
Lacking of maintenance can affect workers and even the end users of the product
that will be sold. Workers are expose towards harm in workplace and their safety are
compromised.
Proposed idea:
1. Maintain tidiness and conduct cleanliness check regularly even at isolated spaces
such as junk storage.
2. Create a Recycling Stop at the loading/ unloading area so that the unwanted
junks such as broken trolleys can be recycled. The idea of Recycling Stop is also to
encourage public to recycle and attract potential customers at the same time.

Figure shows the placement of proposed Recycle Stop.

(Source: Students proposal)