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96663-84

NSC 92-2411-H -131-001-

3
3
4

3
4

2003
10200634

1993
1983

1979
2003

52:41994

1993
101999

24

6
7
8
9 10

11

5
1997
1429
6

1430
7

1430~1431
8

9
28

10

1430
11

17

12

0.6513

26

14
25

15

(530)

12
13

14

15

11
2005
74-76

22001

16

17

24

18

4
19

(624)

16
17

18
19

202630

2001
665
1964190

1996

261

20
21
(637)
22
23
24

35893150
319934003332
3310

(637)(640)
50
2140
41(640)

20
21

22
23

24

502134
25710
31~33
502138
199927
16
502137

25

(642)
26
5516

24

27
(730)

25

26
27

199141
859
354
19923

86

(640)
(630)

28 29 30
31 32

33 34 35
36 37 38
39

28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39

1904988~4989
471
822770
872846
1915104
196
973041
13393
15445
17566
1845397

40 41
42 43
44

41

45
46 47 48

(731)
49

40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49

1905054
10258
10259
10259
11268
1537b
15319a
18620
2498063

1979

4760451044364130

124525516
4416
36544300

438731584450
3480
50
8531 51

52
53
(819)

50
51

52
53

362
1983113~117
3015

1994828531
8239
202003
10

54

55

56

(685)
5758

54

55
56
57
58

1987618
310
31~33
1174248
(711)150

(715)

59
(720)

60

(722)
61
62(747) 63
64 65(729)
66(736)

67

68
(795)

59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68

855b
856a
15218a
8184
9221
1053227
1003127
15219b~20a
15220b
39

69(811)
70(826)
71

(626)
72(705)
73
(762)
7475

(662)(666)

69
70
71
72
73
74
75

1532a
14437
15319a
199225
84 21b
8729b
1844759

(674)
76
77

(707)
78
177

4592

79

(723)80

81(790)

76
77
78
79
80

81

822770
1844763
862836
1935151

1987

2001

82

(817)

83

(824)

84

(850)

82
83
84

8913a
41
41

85(750)
43353995
340

(847)

86

(813)

87

(821)
88
(850)

85

963036
4302b
87
41
88
426
86

89

90

89

9111b12a18

90

58~65

(593) 91

91

25714

A Research on Banishment Penalty in Tang


Dynasty An investigation from legal point
of view on its facade & truth
Chun-keung Chan

Abstract
Banishment penalty in Tang Dynasty carried out in the forms of force
resettlement, provision of hard labours, and migration with their relatives to
designated areas. Through out the whole dynasty, Ling Nan Dao was the most
important place for banishment, apart from that, Jian Nan Dao (Jun Zhou, Yao
Zhou) & Long You Dao (Xi Zhou, Yi Zhou) prior to An & Shi Crisis,
Qian Zhong Dao during the Crisis, and Tian De Jun in the Mid & Late Tang period
were all crucial areas for banishment.
The distance of penalty was measured from the Capital Chang An, and was
classified into 3 categories, from 2,000 to 3,000 miles. But in fact, the criminals were
exiled to over a 10,000-mile, which was against the Tang Code. Moreover, the exile
was free from whipping before the period under Emperor Xuan Zhong. However, after
that, criminals were flogged 40 to 100 times before banishment. According to the law,
the exile could not be released from banishment, except a general pardon from the
Emperor, who could send the exile back to the original province or re-settle to a less
distant place after certain period. And the most drastic change to the law was made in

Associate professor , Department of History , The National Taipei University.

the Yuen He 8th year of Emperor Xian Zhong that an exile was allowed to return to the
original province after 6 years banishment.
Keyword: Tang Dynasty, Tang Code, banishment, exile, place for banishment

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