Question 1

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When researchers want to record spontaneuous behaviors that occur as they ordinarily would in the real
world, then they use___________.
Select one:
a. naturalistic observation.
b. case studies.
c. laboratory studies.
d. surveys.

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The correct answer is: naturalistic observation.
Question 2
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Psychologists are required to debrief subjects thoroughly after a research study when the
study__________.
Select one:
a. violates subjects right to privacy.
b. deceives subjects about the true purpose of the research.

c. exposes subjects to unreasonable risk or harm.

d. wastes taxpayers money on trivial questions.

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The correct answer is: deceives subjects about the true purpose of the research.
Question 3
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Factors or conditions other than the independent variable that are not equivalent across groups and can
cause differences among groups with respect to the dependent variable are called__________.
Select one:
a. selection variables.
b. random assignments.
c. confounding variables.
d. placebos.

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The correct answer is: confounding variables.
Question 4
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Juan ate dinner at his favorite restaurant. While eating his meal, he found a fly in his food. Now, whenever
he thinks about that meal, he becomes nauseous. Juan has developed a __________.
Select one:
a. higher-order conditioning.
b. extinction.
c. taste aversions.
d. stimulus generalization.

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The correct answer is: taste aversions.
Question 5
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The use of sensitive equipment to give people feedback about internal physiological processes so that
they can learn with practice to control them is called________________.
Select one:
a. token economy
b. behavior modification
c. token economy
d. biofeedback

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The correct answer is: biofeedback
Question 6
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In a series of conditioning experiments, a psychologist discovered that a rat readily made an association
between the taste of flavored water and illness, but did not make an association between the taste of
flavored water and a painful shock. The phenomenon called _____ best explains this example.
Select one:
a. latent learning
b. discrimination
c. biological preparedness
d. instinctive drift

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The correct answer is: discrimination
Question 7
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Nageeb thought all nurses were young females until a middle-aged male nurse took care of him.
Nageeb's altered conception of a "nurse" illustrates the process of:
Select one:
a. habituation.
b. accommodation.
c. attachment.

d. imprinting.

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The correct answer is: accommodation.
Question 8
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Older people's capacity to learn and remember meaningless material shows greater decline than their
capacity to learn and remember meaningful material. This best illustrates the value of:
Select one:
a. concrete operational thought.
b. crystallized intelligence.
c. formal operational thought.
d. fluid intelligence.

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The correct answer is: crystallized intelligence.
Question 9
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Mr. Hersch triggered a rooting reflex in his infant son by touching him on the:
Select one:

a. foot.
b. knee.
c. arm.
d. cheek.

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The correct answer is: cheek.
Question 10
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Kathleen overslept, got caught in rush hour traffic, and was late for work. During her coffee break she
spilled coffee on her clothes and on the way to the parking lot she got caught in a sudden downpour of
rain. By the time she arrived home she felt drained, grumpy, and stressed out. Kathleen's present state is
the result of the cumulative effect of:
Select one:
a. major life events.
b. conflicts.
c. daily hassles.
d. life change units.

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The correct answer is: daily hassles.
Question 11
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Following the strict exercise regimen imposed by his doctor, Mark has to choose between two equally
unappealing activities: 30 minutes on the exercise bike or 30 minutes on the stair climbing machine. This
example of conflict best illustrates an:
Select one:
a. approach-avoidance conflict.
b. avoidance-avoidance conflict.
c. approach-approach conflict.
d. avoidance-approach conflict.

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The correct answer is: avoidance-avoidance conflict.
Question 12
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While talking to another coworker, Doug makes many hateful comments about Brian behind his back.
Later that morning when he sees Brian, Doug acts very friendly to Brian and offers to buy him lunch.
Which ego defense mechanism best explains Doug's behavior?
Select one:
a. sublimation
b. undoing

c. repression
d. projection

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The correct answer is: undoing
Question 13
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Freud believed that a special form of displacement, called _____, is largely responsible for the productive
and creative contributions of people and even whole societies.
Select one:
a. regression
b. projection
c. sublimation
d. reaction formation

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The correct answer is: sublimation
Question 14
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Alice is highly suspicious, untrusting, guarded, hypersensitive, and holds grudges. Alice has been
diagnosed with which type of personality disorder?
Select one:
a. narcissisitc
b. paranoid
c. antisocial
d. borderline

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The correct answer is: paranoid
Question 15
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Which of the following statements about bipolar disorder is TRUE?
Select one:
a. A person does not have bipolar disorder if he or she only experiences manic episodes.
b. Women are twice as likely as men to experience bipolar disorder.
c. Bipolar disorder is almost always a recurring disorder.
d. In the general population, bipolar disorder occurs as often as major depression does.

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The correct answer is: Bipolar disorder is almost always a recurring disorder.