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Gluing Guide
Table of contents
1. Introduction
2. Solvent bonding
2.1 Principle
2.2 Solvents
2.3 Procedure
2.4 Design for solvent bonding
3. Adhesive bonding
3.1 Principle
3.2 Adhesive types
3.3 Compatible adhesives and substrates
3.4 Adhesive properties
3.5 Pre-treatments
3.6 Recommendations for DSM products
3.7 Design for adhesive bonding
3.8 Quick adhesive test
3.9 How to choose the best adhesive?
4. Double-sided tape
5. Surface wetting
6. Cleaning
1. Introduction
Gluing for assembly of plastic parts is an
2. Solvent Bonding
2.1. Principle
Solvent bonding or solvent welding is a
are bonded
- reproducibility / process control
Gluing Guide
- curing time
- no disassembly possible
- assembly hazards such as fire or toxicity.
2.2. Solvents
Suitable solvents for bonding selected DSM
products are given in the table 1. Arnite
and Arnitel are generally bonded by other
techniques such as adhesive bonding.
Table 1. Suitable solvents for some DSM products.
2.3 Procedure
wetting.
The mating surfaces must be clean and free
of grease before bonding. Cleaning with a
suitable solvent may be necessary, see par. 6.
Parts that have a single joining surface are
simply pressed against a sponge or felt pad
that has been impregnated with solvent.
The quantity of solvent used should be kept
to a minimum to avoid drips and crazing.
More complex multiplane joining surfaces
require contoured solvent applicators made
from wood or a metal. It may be necessary
to allow a few seconds to ensure sufficient
swelling. The parts are then clamped together
with a moderate pressure. The parts are
removed from the clamping equipment and
must not be used for a period of 24 to 48
hours to ensure that full strength has been
cycle time.
sections
- ensure that there is sufficient venting.
Gluing Guide
3. Adhesive Bonding
3.1. Principle
occur
adhesive
- no disassembly possible
and 5.
Gluing Guide
Polyurethane
available.
Epoxy
available:
- 2 component catalyzed
- UV-curing.
Polyurethane adhesives are tough and show
Standard epoxy adhesives are very strong
(-110F - 210F).
required
bonding strength.
moisture resistance.
In general, large deviations are found in
lap-shear bonding strength, depending on
the particular combination of adhesive and
material.
With some plastics, pretreatment can give a
considerable improvement. Oils and grease
negatively affect the adhesion of epoxies.
Acrylic
Cyanoacrylate
transparent plastics
- 2 component premix
- 2 component no-mix
A very high lap shear bonding strength
Use temperature is between -55C and
Silicone
Silicone adhesives react under the catalytic
effect of water. Humidity in the air or some
moisture on the surface of the parts is
sufficient. The reaction times are relatively
long, compared to cyano-acrylics. Silicone
adhesives offer a high elasticity. Silicone
adhesives show very good weathering and
temperature resistance.
10
Gluing Guide
Hot melt
good UV resistance.
UV Cure
11
rectangle.
Thermoplastics
ABS*
Substrates
ASA*
LCP
PA
PBT
PC*
PE
PEEK
PEI
PES*
PET
PI
PMMA* POM
CA
Cyanoacrylates
CA + Primer
UV CA
1K
Epoxies
2K
1K + Activator
2K
Acrylics
PO Bonder
UV Acrylic
2K PUR
PU
Contact Glue
MS
1K
1K
Silicones
UV-SI
PU
1K flexible
Cleaner
Surface
preparation
Pretreatment
mechanical
(TBC)
physical
12
Gluing Guide
Above chart contains general information. Please contact your local Henkel Representative for your special solution.
PP
PPO*
PS*
PTFE
PVC-P
Cyanoacrylate
MS
Epoxy
Silicone
Acrylic
PU flexible
PU
Surface Treatment
Contact Glue
very good
good
moderate
Reinforced
Plastics
Thermoset
PVC-U* SAN*
EP
MF
PF
PUR*
UP
CRP
GRP
Elastomers
CR
EPDM
IR
NBR
NR
Glass Metal
PU
SBR
SI
TPE
Loctite and
Teroson products
examples
401, 406, 480
CA + Primer 770
4304
9509
3421, 3422, 3425,
9461, 9463, 9492
3298 + Activator 7386
3292
3030
3311, 3321, 3341
Teromix 6700
Terokal 2444
Terostat 9220
5910, 5970
5088
Terostat 90
7063
7070
Physical Treatment
Mechanical Treatment
13
(Courtesy Henkel)
Fixture Time
figure 4.
1 day
12 h
5 sec
Fixture
time
6h
1 min
30 min
3h
Gap Filling
mm
0.0
0.1
0.25
Gluing Guide
Cyanoacrylate
MS
Epoxy
Silicone
Acrylic
PU flexible
PU
Surface Treatment
Contact Glue
14
0.5
Temperature Range
Strength
MPa N/mm2
30
1 week
300
1 sec
20
150
15
120
Final
strength
3 days
25
200
10
1 min
100
5
80
3h
1 days
3
1
0
Room
temperature
Bonders
-40
Elastic Sealants/
Adhesives
6h
-60
Flexibility
Environmental
Resistance
static
dynamic
%
500
100
10
0.5
20
25
Indoor
High humidity
UV
Outdoor
Contact with
chemicals
always applicable
depends on grade
depends on application design
15
3.5 Pre-treatments
The surfaces to be adhesion bonded must
environment.
16
Gluing Guide
17
followed:
Shear tests
alcohol)
The shear tests were conducted according
to ISO4587, on strips with a thickness of 1
follows:
Gap size
cyanoacrylate (Loctite 406)
0.1 mm
0.1 mm
2 mm
18
Gluing Guide
0.05 mm
Figure 6 Local high bending stresses are at present near the overlap during a shear test
tests
The interpretation of shear test results is not
a simple matter. The flexible strips are bent
during the test, which results in additional
bending stresses. Local tensile stresses can
easily be twice as high as the nominal stress.
Figure 6 gives an impression of the high local
tensile stresses at the edges of the overlap.
These high stresses may cause breakage of
the strips before the adhesive fails. Several
strips did indeed break during the shear
tests, before cohesive or adhesive failure of
the glue layer could take place. These broken
strips have been indicated by an asterisk in
the figures 8 to 13.
Moremore, the shear stress is not uniform
over the total length of the overlap, as
demonstrated by the stress calculation in
figure 6. Stress concentrations are present
at the edges, indicated by the blue line in
figure 7. A normal stress is also present, with
peaks at the edges of the overlap, indicated
Figure 7 Peaks in the shear stress and the normal stress are present at the edges of the overlap
19
sealant/adhesive.
adhesive.
Figure 8
*
*
*
20
Gluing Guide
Stanyl (PA46)
21
Figure 9
*
*
22
Gluing Guide
Ethylcyanacrylate, methacrylatelastomer,
strength.
Figure 10
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
23
Arnitel (TPE)
elastic sealant/adhesive.
mode.
A good shear strength was found for
cyanoacrylate (the blue bars in figure 11) after
a cleaning operation only. The strength could
not be improved significantly by roughening
of the surface.
Figure 11
*
*
*
24
Gluing Guide
problems.
25
adhesive.
* *
Gluing Guide
Cleaning
Roughening
Corona
Cleaning
Roughening
Corona
Cleaning
Roughening
26
* *
*
Corona
Figure 12
adhesive.
Figure 13
27
adhesives
- mechanical load: lap-shear, peel, split or
tensile
- life of joint: use temperature, environment,
relative humidity
- thermoplastic substrate: mechanical
properties, wetting, moisture absorption
- adhesive: temperature and chemical
resistance
- pretreatment: cleaning, etching, sanding,
oxidation, primer
- safety: MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet)
chart.
- process: numbers, curing conditions,
application techniques
production.
28
Gluing Guide
3.
1.
Step 2. Viscosity
29
Step 6. Price
gluing advices.
Cyanoacrylate: 100
Epoxy: 30
Polyurethane, modified silane polymer: 4
30
Gluing Guide
4. Double-Sided Tape
Double-sided coated tapes are adhesive-
- disassembly.
are:
cracking problems
- good esthetics / no special requirements to
31
5. Surface wetting
The wetting of the surface is characterized
incomplete.
Rycobel - Belgium)
32
Gluing Guide
Figure 19 shows some typical surface energy values of DSM polymers that were measured in this way. The
values were all high enough to ensure good wetting of the surface with an adhesive. If much lower surface
energies are found, this could be an indication that the surface is not clean.
Figure 19
>>46
33
6. Cleaning
34
Gluing Guide
Table 7 Cleaning solvents for Xantar (PC), Xantar C (PC + ABS) and Stapron E (PC + PET).
35
Contact
At DSM Engineering Plastics, our customers
Stanyl
Arnitel
Akulon
Arnite
Xantar
Yparex
Europe:
Tel +31 46 47 73381
Info-Europe.DEP@dsm.com
Americas:
Tel +1 800 333 4237
Info-Americas.DEP@dsm.com
Asia Pacic:
Tel +86 21 6141 8188
Info-Asia.DEP@dsm.com
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