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SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE, PASSIVE SIMPLE, PREPOSITION AND USED TO

SIMPLE PRESENT TENE, PASSIVE SIMPLE,


PREPOSITION AND USED TO
A. SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
Simple present tense is used to express the events or activities conducted today
repeatedly every day. The present tense is a grammatical tense that locates a situation or
event in present time.
There are three important exceptions:
1. For positive sentences, we do not normally use the auxiliary.
2. For the 3rd person singular (he, she, it), we add s to the main verb or es to the auxiliary.
3. For the verb to be, we do not use an auxiliary, even for questions and negatives.
The structure of simple past tense:
Positive Sentences
Negatif Sentences
S + To be (am, is, are) +. S + To be (am, is, are) + Not + .
S + Verb I + (s/es) + .
S + Do/Does + Not + Verb I + .
Note : S for in the table is mean Subject

Introgative Sentences
To be (was/were) + S + .
Do/Does + S + Verb I + .

The Example for simple presents positive sentences:


1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

I eat every morning before going to school


I help mother to wash the dirty dishes
I go to college on a motorbike
He buy an Angora cat with parents
My friend borrow money to buy gasolin
Usage To Be (am, is,are) and do or does for each subject:

UNIVERSITAS INTERNASIONAL BATAM

SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE, PASSIVE SIMPLE, PREPOSITION AND USED TO

Am
I

You
We

Are

They

Do

We
They

She
He

You

Is

It

She
He

Does

It

For the 3rd person singular (He, She, It), we add S to ehemain verbor ES to the auxiliary.
Ex:
She makes toys.

Water slakes thirst.

He rakes leaves.

Jill loves dates.

It takes time.

Mr. Smith fills crates.

Mom bakes pies.

Grandpa washes plates.

For the negative sentences, after subject we use do not/ dont or does not/doesnt. If
in the sentences have auxiliary like to be (am, is, are), could, might, must, ect ,we just put
not after that.

For the introgative sentences, we put do or does at the fist word. If in the sentences
have auxiliary like to be (am, is, are), could, might, must, ect ,we just put that at the first
word.

Example:
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UNIVERSITAS INTERNASIONAL BATAM

SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE, PASSIVE SIMPLE, PREPOSITION AND USED TO

I do not drink coffee.


She does not drink coffee.
John Scoping does not learn english.
He does not drive a bus.
We do not work at night.
Do you play football?
Does she like eating out?
Does my friend care about my problems?
Is he a magician?
Are the children naughty?

We use the present simple tense when:


The action is general
The action happens all the time, or habitually, in the past, present and future
The action is not only happening now
The statement is always true

In another source (http://www.englishpage.com) , we got another


classification of use of simple present tense are:
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UNIVERSITAS INTERNASIONAL BATAM

SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE, PASSIVE SIMPLE, PREPOSITION AND USED TO

USE 1 Repeated Actions

Use the Simple Present to express the idea that an action is repeated or usual. The action can
be a habit, a hobby, a daily event, a scheduled event or something that often happens. It can
also be something a person often forgets or usually does not do.
Examples:
I play tennis.
She does not play tennis.
Does he play tennis?
The train leaves every morning at 8 AM.
The train does not leave at 9 AM.
When does the train usually leave?
She always forgets her purse.
He never forgets his wallet.
Every twelve months, the Earth circles the Sun.
Does the Sun circle the Earth?
USE 2 Facts or Generalizations

The Simple Present can also indicate the speaker believes that a fact was true before, is true
now, and will be true in the future. It is not important if the speaker is correct about the fact.
It is also used to make generalizations about people or things.
Examples:
Cats like milk.
Birds do not like milk.
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UNIVERSITAS INTERNASIONAL BATAM

SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE, PASSIVE SIMPLE, PREPOSITION AND USED TO

Do pigs like milk?


California is in America.
California is not in the United Kingdom.
Windows are made of glass.
Windows are not made of wood.
New York is a small city. It is not important that this fact is untrue.
USE 3 Scheduled Events in the Near Future

Speakers occasionally use Simple Present to talk about scheduled events in the near future.
This is most commonly done when talking about public transportation, but it can be used
with other scheduled events as well.
Examples:
The train leaves tonight at 6 PM.
The bus does not arrive at 11 AM, it arrives at 11 PM.
When do we board the plane?
The party starts at 8 o'clock.
When does class begin tomorrow?
USE 4 Now (Non-Continuous Verbs)

Speakers sometimes use the Simple Present to express the idea that an action is happening or
is not happening now. This can only be done with Non-Continuous Verbs and certain Mixed
Verbs.
Examples:
I am here now.
She is not here now.

UNIVERSITAS INTERNASIONAL BATAM

SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE, PASSIVE SIMPLE, PREPOSITION AND USED TO

He needs help right now.


He does not need help now.
He has his passport in his hand.
Do you have your passport with you?
Signal time for use in simple past tense are:
Always

Sometimes

As a rule

Once In While

Generally

Occasionally

Normally

Seldom

Often

Now and Then

Everyday (week, month, and

Regullarry

year)
Steadly
In The Morning
Frequenly
Never
Now Day

Example For Simple Present Tense:


1. (+) He goes to school every morning
(-) He doesnt go to school every morning
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UNIVERSITAS INTERNASIONAL BATAM

SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE, PASSIVE SIMPLE, PREPOSITION AND USED TO

(?) Does he go to school every day?


2. (+) I always do my homework
(-) I dont always do my homework
(?) Do you always do your homework?
3. (+) We are a students
(-) We are not a students
(?) Are we a students?
4. (+) You can come to my house
(-) You can not come to my house
(?) Can I come to my house?
5. (+) They study English every Monday
(-) They dont study English every Monday
(?) Do they study English every Monday?
6. (+) She must go there today
(-) She must not go there today
(?) Must she go there today?

B. PASSIVE SIMPLE

UNIVERSITAS INTERNASIONAL BATAM

SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE, PASSIVE SIMPLE, PREPOSITION AND USED TO

Sentences can be active or passive. Therefore, tenses also have "active forms" and
"passive forms." We talked about simple past before in active sentences. Now, we are talking
about passive sentences of simple past tense.
In passive sentences, the thing receiving the action is the subject of the sentence and the
thing doing the action is optionally included near the end of the sentence. You can use the
passive form if you think that the thing receiving the action is more important or should be
emphasized. You can also use the passive form if you do not know who is doing the action or
if you do not want to mention who is doing the action.
How to form a passive sentence when an active sentence is given:

Object of the "active" sentence becomes subject in the "passive" sentence

Subject of the "active" sentence becomes "object" in the "passive" sentence"

Active sentences in the simple past tense have the following structure:
Subject + present tense form of the verb (Verb I) + object
Passive sentences in the simple past tense have the following structure:
Object of the active sentence + am, is, are + past participle form of the verb (Verb III) +
by + subject of the active sentence

Changing an positive sentence into the passive


Active: She helps you to clean your room
Passive: You are helped by her to clean your room
Active: I eat rice this afternoon
Passive: Rice is eaten by me this afternoon

UNIVERSITAS INTERNASIONAL BATAM

SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE, PASSIVE SIMPLE, PREPOSITION AND USED TO

Active: We study English every night


Passive: English is studied by us every night

Changing a negative sentence into the passive


Active: He dont drink water this morning
Passive: Water is not drinked by him this morning
Active: My brother doesnt play football every week
Passive: Football is not played by him every week
Active: I dont tell you that we have any homework
Passive: You are not told by methat we have any homework

Changing an interrogative sentence into the passive


Active: Do you translate the English lesson in the class?
Passive: Is the English lesson translated by you in the class?
Active: Does she repair this blue car?
Passive: Is the blue car repaired by her?
Active: Do they borrow the book?
Passive: Is the book borrowed by them?

C. PREPOSITION

UNIVERSITAS INTERNASIONAL BATAM

SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE, PASSIVE SIMPLE, PREPOSITION AND USED TO

A preposition is a word which shows relationships among other words in the sentence.
The relationships include direction, place, time, cause, manner and amount. In the sentence
She went to the store, to is a preposition which shows direction. In the sentence He came by
bus, by is a preposition which shows manner. In the sentence They will be here at three
o'clock, at is a preposition which shows time and in the sentence It is under the table, under is
a preposition which shows place.

A preposition always goes with a noun or pronoun which is called the object of the
preposition. The preposition is almost always before the noun or pronoun and that is why it
is called a preposition. The preposition and the object of the preposition together are called a
prepositional phrase. The following chart shows the prepositions, objects of the preposition,
and

prepositional

phrases

of

the

sentences

above.

Because there are so many possible locations, there are quite a few
prepositions. Below is the complete list.
about
above
according to
across
after
against
along with
along
among
apart from
around
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UNIVERSITAS INTERNASIONAL BATAM

SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE, PASSIVE SIMPLE, PREPOSITION AND USED TO

as
as for
at
because of
before
behind
below
beneath
beside
between
beyond
but*
by
by means of
concerning
despite
down
during
except
except for
excepting
for
from
in
in addition to
in back of
in case of
in front of
in place of
inside
in spite of
instead of
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UNIVERSITAS INTERNASIONAL BATAM

SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE, PASSIVE SIMPLE, PREPOSITION AND USED TO

into
like
near
next
of
of
on
onto
on top of
round
since
through
throughout
till
to
toward
under
underneath
unlike
until
up
upon
up to
with
within
without

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UNIVERSITAS INTERNASIONAL BATAM

But is very seldom a preposition. When it is used as a preposition, but means the same as
exceptEveryone ate frog legs but Jamie. But usually functions as a coordinating
conjunction. Prepositions generally introduce prepositional phrases. Prepositional phrases
look like this:

Structure of preposition:
preposition + optional modifiers + noun, pronoun, or gerund

Here are some examples:


At school
At = preposition; school = noun.
According to us
According to = preposition; us = pronoun.
By chewing
By = preposition; chewing = gerund.
Under the stove
Under = preposition; the = modifier; stove = noun.
In the crumb-filled, rumpled sheets
In = preposition; the, crumb-filled, rumpled = modifiers; sheets = noun.

Some phrase of preposition:


1. Prepositions Time
English

Usage

Example

on

days of the week

on Monday

in

months / seasons

in August / in winter

time of day

in the morning

year

in 2006

after a certain period of

in an hour

time (when?)

at

for night

at night

for weekend

at the weekend

a certain point of time

at half past nine

since 1980

for 2 years

(when?)

since

from a certain point of


time (past till now)

for

over a certain period of


time (past till now)

ago

a certain time in the past

2 years ago

before

earlier than a certain point

before 2004

of time

to

telling the time

ten to six (5:50)

past

telling the time

ten past six (6:10)

to / till /

marking

from Monday to/till

until

the

beginning

and end of a period of

Friday

time

till / until

in the sense of how long

something is going to last

by

in the sense of at the

Friday.

latest

He is on holiday until

I will be back by 6
oclock.

up to a certain time

By 11 o'clock, I had
read five pages.

2. Prepositions Place (Position and Direction)


English

in

Usage

room,

building,

Example
street,

town, country

in the kitchen, in
London

book, paper etc.

in the book

car, taxi

in the car, in a taxi

picture, world

in the picture, in the


world

at

meaning next to, by an


object

at the door, at the


station

for table

at the table

for events

at a concert, at the
party

place where you are to do


something typical (watch

school, at work

a film, study, work)

on

attached

at the cinema, at

the picture on the


wall

for a place with a river

being on a surface

for a certain side (left,

London lies on the


Thames.

on the table

on the left

on the first floor

on the bus, on a

right)

by, next

to, beside

for a floor in a house


for public transport
for television, radio

left or right of somebody

plane

on TV, on the radio

Jane is standing by /

or something

next to / beside the


car.

under

on the ground, lower than

(or covered by) something

the bag is under the


table

else

below

lower than something else

the fish are below

but above ground

over

covered

by

something

the surface

else

put a jacket over


your shirt

meaning more than

over 16 years of age

getting to the other side

walk over the bridge

climb over the wall

a path above the

(also across)

above

overcoming an obstacle

higher

than

something

else, but not directly over

lake

it

across

getting to the other side

(also over)

getting to the other side

walk

across

the

across

the

bridge

swim
lake

through

something with limits on

top, bottom and the sides

to

movement to person or

drive through the


tunnel

go to the cinema

go

building

movement to a place or

to

London /

Ireland

country

into

for bed

enter a room / a building

go to bed

go into the kitchen /


the house

towards

movement in the direction

of something (but not

go 5 steps towards
the house

directly to it)

onto

movement to the top of

jump onto the table

a flower from the

something

from

in the sense of where


from

garden

3. Other important Prepositions


English

Usage

Example

from

who gave it

a present from Jane

of

who/what does it belong

a page of the book

the

to

by

what does it show

who made it

picture

of

palace

a book by Mark
Twain

on

walking

or

riding

on

horseback

entering a public transport

on

foot,

horseback

get on the bus

vehicle

in

entering a car / Taxi

get in the car

off

leaving a public transport

get off the train

vehicle

on

out of

leaving a car / Taxi

get out of the taxi

by

rise or fall of something

prices have risen by


10 percent

at

travelling

(other

than

walking or horseriding)

by car, by bus

for age

she learned Russian


at 45

about

for topics, meaning what


about

we

were

talking

about you

D. USED TO

There is a little confusion on how to use the words use to and used to. One reason for the
confusion is that it is sometimes used as a verb, and sometimes used as an adjective. The
other reason is because it seems like the tense changes. It's really quite simple when you look
at it.
Used as an adjective. Use to be + used to. This means to be accustomed to. For exampleI can study with the TV on. I am used to it. It means I am accustomed, adjusted, or don't
mind having the TV play while I'm studying. Another example- Tim had a hard time living in
Tokyo. He wasn't used to so many people. Tim didn't have experience being with big crowds
of people before.
Used as a verb. Use to + verb is a regular verb and means something that happened but
doesn't happen any more. It uses -ed to show past tense. But since it always means something
that happened in the past, it should always use past tense. For example- I used to go to school

in Paris. (I went to school there before, but now I don't.) Or, When Joshua was a child, he
used to climb trees. (Now he doesn't climb trees.)
Remember, we always use this word when talking about the past. So when do you use
use to without the d at the end? When the base form of the verb is used. Look at these
examples- She didn't use to swim before noon. (Now she does swim before noon.) Or Did
your father use to ride a horse? In these cases the past tense is shown with the did and didn't.

Sructure of used to:


[used to + VERB]
Example:

I used to go to the beach every day.

It is better not to use "used to" in questions or negative forms; however, this is sometimes
done in informal spoken English. It is better to ask questions and create negative sentences
using Simple Past.

In another source (http://www.englishpage.com) , we got another


classification of use of simple present tense are:

USE 1 Habit in the Past

"Used to" expresses the idea that something was an old habit that stopped in the past. It
indicates that something was often repeated in the past, but it is not usually done now.
Examples:

Jerry used to study English.

Sam and Mary used to go to Mexico in the summer.

I used to start work at 9 o'clock.

Christine used to eat meat, but now she is a vegetarian.

USE 2 Past Facts and Generalizations

"Used to" can also be used to talk about past facts or generalizations which are no longer
true.
Examples:

I used to live in Paris.

Sarah used to be fat, but now she is thin.

George used to be the best student in class, but now Lena is the best.

Oranges used to cost very little in Florida, but now they are quite expensive.

"Used to" vs. Simple Past


Both Simple Past and "Used to" can be used to describe past habits, past facts and past
generalizations; however, "used to" is preferred when emphasizing these forms of past

repetition in positive sentences. On the other hand, when asking questions or making
negative sentences, Simple Past is preferred.
Examples:

You used to play the piano.

Did you play the piano when you were young?

You did not play the piano when you were young.

Active and Passive of Used To


Examples:

Jerry used to pay the bills. Active

The bills used to be paid by Jerry.


We use 'used to' for something that happened regularly in the past but no longer happens.

Example:

I used to smoke a packet a day but I stopped two years ago.

Ben used to travel a lot in his job but now, since his promotion, he doesn't.

I used to drive to work but now I take the bus.


We also used to for something that was true but no longer is.

Example:

There used to be a cinema in the town but now there isn't.

She used to have really long hair but she's had it all cut off.

I didn't use to like him but now I do.

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