Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Introgative Sentences
To be (was/were) + S + .
Do/Does + S + Verb I + .
Am
I
You
We
Are
They
Do
We
They
She
He
You
Is
It
She
He
Does
It
For the 3rd person singular (He, She, It), we add S to ehemain verbor ES to the auxiliary.
Ex:
She makes toys.
He rakes leaves.
It takes time.
For the negative sentences, after subject we use do not/ dont or does not/doesnt. If
in the sentences have auxiliary like to be (am, is, are), could, might, must, ect ,we just put
not after that.
For the introgative sentences, we put do or does at the fist word. If in the sentences
have auxiliary like to be (am, is, are), could, might, must, ect ,we just put that at the first
word.
Example:
2
Use the Simple Present to express the idea that an action is repeated or usual. The action can
be a habit, a hobby, a daily event, a scheduled event or something that often happens. It can
also be something a person often forgets or usually does not do.
Examples:
I play tennis.
She does not play tennis.
Does he play tennis?
The train leaves every morning at 8 AM.
The train does not leave at 9 AM.
When does the train usually leave?
She always forgets her purse.
He never forgets his wallet.
Every twelve months, the Earth circles the Sun.
Does the Sun circle the Earth?
USE 2 Facts or Generalizations
The Simple Present can also indicate the speaker believes that a fact was true before, is true
now, and will be true in the future. It is not important if the speaker is correct about the fact.
It is also used to make generalizations about people or things.
Examples:
Cats like milk.
Birds do not like milk.
4
Speakers occasionally use Simple Present to talk about scheduled events in the near future.
This is most commonly done when talking about public transportation, but it can be used
with other scheduled events as well.
Examples:
The train leaves tonight at 6 PM.
The bus does not arrive at 11 AM, it arrives at 11 PM.
When do we board the plane?
The party starts at 8 o'clock.
When does class begin tomorrow?
USE 4 Now (Non-Continuous Verbs)
Speakers sometimes use the Simple Present to express the idea that an action is happening or
is not happening now. This can only be done with Non-Continuous Verbs and certain Mixed
Verbs.
Examples:
I am here now.
She is not here now.
Sometimes
As a rule
Once In While
Generally
Occasionally
Normally
Seldom
Often
Regullarry
year)
Steadly
In The Morning
Frequenly
Never
Now Day
B. PASSIVE SIMPLE
Sentences can be active or passive. Therefore, tenses also have "active forms" and
"passive forms." We talked about simple past before in active sentences. Now, we are talking
about passive sentences of simple past tense.
In passive sentences, the thing receiving the action is the subject of the sentence and the
thing doing the action is optionally included near the end of the sentence. You can use the
passive form if you think that the thing receiving the action is more important or should be
emphasized. You can also use the passive form if you do not know who is doing the action or
if you do not want to mention who is doing the action.
How to form a passive sentence when an active sentence is given:
Active sentences in the simple past tense have the following structure:
Subject + present tense form of the verb (Verb I) + object
Passive sentences in the simple past tense have the following structure:
Object of the active sentence + am, is, are + past participle form of the verb (Verb III) +
by + subject of the active sentence
C. PREPOSITION
A preposition is a word which shows relationships among other words in the sentence.
The relationships include direction, place, time, cause, manner and amount. In the sentence
She went to the store, to is a preposition which shows direction. In the sentence He came by
bus, by is a preposition which shows manner. In the sentence They will be here at three
o'clock, at is a preposition which shows time and in the sentence It is under the table, under is
a preposition which shows place.
A preposition always goes with a noun or pronoun which is called the object of the
preposition. The preposition is almost always before the noun or pronoun and that is why it
is called a preposition. The preposition and the object of the preposition together are called a
prepositional phrase. The following chart shows the prepositions, objects of the preposition,
and
prepositional
phrases
of
the
sentences
above.
Because there are so many possible locations, there are quite a few
prepositions. Below is the complete list.
about
above
according to
across
after
against
along with
along
among
apart from
around
10
as
as for
at
because of
before
behind
below
beneath
beside
between
beyond
but*
by
by means of
concerning
despite
down
during
except
except for
excepting
for
from
in
in addition to
in back of
in case of
in front of
in place of
inside
in spite of
instead of
11
into
like
near
next
of
of
on
onto
on top of
round
since
through
throughout
till
to
toward
under
underneath
unlike
until
up
upon
up to
with
within
without
12
But is very seldom a preposition. When it is used as a preposition, but means the same as
exceptEveryone ate frog legs but Jamie. But usually functions as a coordinating
conjunction. Prepositions generally introduce prepositional phrases. Prepositional phrases
look like this:
Structure of preposition:
preposition + optional modifiers + noun, pronoun, or gerund
Usage
Example
on
on Monday
in
months / seasons
in August / in winter
time of day
in the morning
year
in 2006
in an hour
time (when?)
at
for night
at night
for weekend
at the weekend
since 1980
for 2 years
(when?)
since
for
ago
2 years ago
before
before 2004
of time
to
past
to / till /
marking
until
the
beginning
Friday
time
till / until
by
Friday.
latest
He is on holiday until
I will be back by 6
oclock.
up to a certain time
By 11 o'clock, I had
read five pages.
in
Usage
room,
building,
Example
street,
town, country
in the kitchen, in
London
in the book
car, taxi
picture, world
at
for table
at the table
for events
at a concert, at the
party
school, at work
on
attached
at the cinema, at
being on a surface
on the table
on the left
on the bus, on a
right)
by, next
to, beside
plane
Jane is standing by /
or something
under
else
below
over
covered
by
something
the surface
else
(also across)
above
overcoming an obstacle
higher
than
something
lake
it
across
(also over)
walk
across
the
across
the
bridge
swim
lake
through
to
movement to person or
go to the cinema
go
building
movement to a place or
to
London /
Ireland
country
into
for bed
go to bed
towards
go 5 steps towards
the house
directly to it)
onto
something
from
garden
Usage
Example
from
who gave it
of
the
to
by
who made it
picture
of
palace
a book by Mark
Twain
on
walking
or
riding
on
horseback
on
foot,
horseback
vehicle
in
off
vehicle
on
out of
by
at
travelling
(other
than
walking or horseriding)
by car, by bus
for age
about
we
were
talking
about you
D. USED TO
There is a little confusion on how to use the words use to and used to. One reason for the
confusion is that it is sometimes used as a verb, and sometimes used as an adjective. The
other reason is because it seems like the tense changes. It's really quite simple when you look
at it.
Used as an adjective. Use to be + used to. This means to be accustomed to. For exampleI can study with the TV on. I am used to it. It means I am accustomed, adjusted, or don't
mind having the TV play while I'm studying. Another example- Tim had a hard time living in
Tokyo. He wasn't used to so many people. Tim didn't have experience being with big crowds
of people before.
Used as a verb. Use to + verb is a regular verb and means something that happened but
doesn't happen any more. It uses -ed to show past tense. But since it always means something
that happened in the past, it should always use past tense. For example- I used to go to school
in Paris. (I went to school there before, but now I don't.) Or, When Joshua was a child, he
used to climb trees. (Now he doesn't climb trees.)
Remember, we always use this word when talking about the past. So when do you use
use to without the d at the end? When the base form of the verb is used. Look at these
examples- She didn't use to swim before noon. (Now she does swim before noon.) Or Did
your father use to ride a horse? In these cases the past tense is shown with the did and didn't.
It is better not to use "used to" in questions or negative forms; however, this is sometimes
done in informal spoken English. It is better to ask questions and create negative sentences
using Simple Past.
"Used to" expresses the idea that something was an old habit that stopped in the past. It
indicates that something was often repeated in the past, but it is not usually done now.
Examples:
"Used to" can also be used to talk about past facts or generalizations which are no longer
true.
Examples:
George used to be the best student in class, but now Lena is the best.
Oranges used to cost very little in Florida, but now they are quite expensive.
repetition in positive sentences. On the other hand, when asking questions or making
negative sentences, Simple Past is preferred.
Examples:
You did not play the piano when you were young.
Example:
Ben used to travel a lot in his job but now, since his promotion, he doesn't.
Example:
She used to have really long hair but she's had it all cut off.