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INTAKE RUNNERS
17.
The intake runners are the parts of the air intake system
which delivers air from the intake manifold to the cylinders (see
Figure 3). In each runner, the dominant phenomenon that governs
its performance is actually the effect of acoustic waves.
18.
19.
The objective of a tuned intake runner would be to manipulate
this reflected wave (while the engine is running at a desired RPM) to
make sure that a high-pressure region coincides with a subsequent
Valve opening, improving air-flow into the cylinder, improving
volumetric efficiency, hence achieving peak torque at the required
RPM.
20.
The calculation for the length of the tuned intake runners is
based upon the duration between two events of the intake valves
operation: the first being the closing of the intake valve, and
the second being the re-opening of the intake valve on the
next cycle.
21.
While the tuning of runner lengths give the engine the
capacity to improve its volumetric efficiency by timing a higherpressure air column into the cylinder when the intake valves open, it
would be necessary to note that the length of the runner is only
tuned for a particular RPM, and that at other RPMs, particularly
those at which the reflected waves position a lower-pressured air
column at the intake valves as it open, will suffer a decrease in
volumetric efficiencies as a result.
22.
Runner Length= ((EVCD 0.25 V 2) (rpm RV)) - D
EVCD=Effective Valve Close Duration
Reflective Value-RV Reflective Value is the reflected wave (1, 2, 3,
n)
V-Pressure Wave Speed
http://auto.howstuffworks.com/question517.htm (How do tuned
Intake Runners Work On your Car)
23.
http://www.rbracing-rsr.com/runnertorquecalc.html (Peak
Torque And Runner Dimensions Calculator)
24.
In general a longer runner is used to maximize low speed
torque and larger runner is used to maximize high speed torque.
PLENUM DESIGN
1. Some relatively common practices in performance air systems
are the use of baffles to change the effective length of the
runner and moving internals to change the effective
volume of the plenum at different rpms.
2. Many papers suggest that the plenum chamber should be 1 to 4
times as large as the engine displacement. However, there are
some trade-offs to consider. If the plenum is too small, the
restrictor could end up choking flow, which would result in a
significant loss of power. If the plenum is too large, there is a
decrease in throttle response, which is very important for a race
car
3. Large Plenums can often compensate for the restrictor since the
air comes from the plenum resulting in greater volumetric
efficiency and thus greater power.
4.