INDEX

COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS................................................................1

TAG QUESTIONS...................................................................................................... 4
PRESENT CONTINUOUS.......................................................................................... 10
PRESENT PERFECT................................................................................................. 13
USED TO............................................................................................................... 16
BIBLIOGRAPHY..................................................................................................... 21

COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS

NOUNS ARE DIVIDED IN: Countable and Uncountable.
Countable nouns are things you can count.

For example:

three pears

one pear

two pears

Countable Nouns: Can be used in Singular and Plural.

For example:
Singular
A hat

An apple

Plural
hats

apples

Uncountable nouns name things things you can not count.

Uncountable nouns has only one form. They are not singular or plural.
For example:

water

jelly

NOTE: money is considered as an uncountable noun.

Example: I dont have money.
Susan has much money.

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Be careful!
Always use
singular
verbs
with
uncountable
nouns.

chicken

TABLE

USING THERE IS / ARE WITH COUNTABLE AND

UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS
Countable

Uncountable

Singular
(+)There is a chair.

Plural
There are some chairs.

One form
There is some water

(-) There isnt a table.

There arent any tables.

There isnt any cheese.

(?) Is there a bathroom? Are there any bathrooms? Is there any coffee?
Conclusions from the table:

With countable nouns we have two forms: singular and plural and when we refer to
uncountable nouns we only use one form.
When we use the singular form with countable nouns we use a or an and with plurals we use
some or any.
With the uncountable nouns we do not use a/an and we can use some/any.
With countable nouns some/any means an indefinite number
With uncountable nouns some/any means a portion of
HOW MANY AND HOW MUCH/ IS THERE ANY AND
ARE THERE ANY
We use How Much and Is there any with non-count nouns.
EXAMPLES:

How much sugar do you want?

Is there any milk in the fridge?
But remember. We use How Many and Are there any
with plural count nouns. EXAMPLES:
How many apples are there in the kitchen?
Are there any bananas?

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GRAMMAR EXERCISES - COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS

1. Write (C) for countable and (U) for uncountable:
Decide whether these nouns are countable (C) or uncountable (U)
time

books

butter
flour
rice

sugar

pencils
apples
tea

bread
oil

games

milk

pens

jam
cars

hair

friends
salt

tomatoes

2. Choose How much or How many

a)

cheese do you buy?

b)

books are there in your bag?

c)

money do you spend every week?

d)

friends does Linda have?

e)

sugar do we need?

f)

tomatoes are there in the fridge?

g)

meat are you going to buy?

h)

milk did you drink yesterday?

i)

apples do you see?

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cream

chairs
fingers

houses
honey

cheese
carrots

meat

TAG QUESTIONS

The tag questions are short phrases or questions (mini-questions) that are placed at the end of
a sentence affirmative or negative and generally serve as objective to confirm or deny the
content of the same sentence. It is equivalent to (verdad? o no?) in Spanish.
Three basic rules to remember:
The tag questions always use auxiliary verbs.
With affirmative sentences we use a negative tag question.
With negative sentences we use a tag question in affirmative.
Let us now analyze the different alternatives that can occur:
a) Affirmative sentences with the verb TO BE in present simple or continuous.
It uses the same form of the verb in negative: aren't you? isn't he? isn't she? isn't
it? aren't we? aren't you? aren't they? Here are some examples:
It's a beautiful day, isn't it?

Pedro's playing now, isn't he?

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Marta is happy, isnt she?

b) Negative sentences with the verb TO BE in present simple or continuous.

It uses the same form of the verb in affirmative or positive: am I? are you? is he? is
she? is it? are we? are you? are they? Here are some examples:
You aren't really busy, are you?

They aren't very nice people, are they?

Luis isn't studying now, is he?

c) Affirmative sentences with the verb TO BE in past simple or continuous.

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It uses the same form of the verb in negative: wasn't I? weren't you? wasn't he?
wasn't she? wasn't it? weren't we? weren't you? weren't they? Here are some
examples:
Ana was angry, wasn't she?

You were really tired, weren't you?

He was sleeping when I phoned, wasn't he?

d) Negative sentences with the verb TO BE in past simple or continuous.

It uses the same form of the verb in affirmative or positive: was I? were you? was
he? was she? was it? were we? were you? were they? Here are some examples:
It wasn't a nice concert, was it?

Carlos wasn't driving, was he?

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You weren't dancing at 6, were you?

e) Affirmative sentences with other COMMON or DETECTIVE verbs.

Always mindful of the verb tense, the auxiliary is used in negative corresponding to
the person of the sentence: didn't she? hasn't she? won't she? shouldn't she? can't
she? couldn't she?, etc. Here are some examples:
Elena has traveled a lot, hasn't she?

You can play the violin, can't you?

He could find a job, couldn't he?

f) Imperatives and suggestions or invitations.

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After clause lets the corresponding tag question is shall we? (In interrogative
AFFIRMATIVE) Here are some examples:
Let's go out for a walk, shall we?

Let's study tomorrow morning, shall we?

After the imperative (do/don't do something) the corresponding tag is will you? (In
interrogative AFFIRMATIVE) Here are some examples:
Open the door, will you?

Don't smoke in this room, will you?

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EXERCISE
Look at the words in the box, then complete each sentence, try to guess and put the
correct word. Good luck!!!...
didnt he
isnt it

doesnt he

don't they

isnt it doesnt he

doesn't she

wasnt he

are we
didn't she

1.

He always loses money, doesnt he?

2.

My father took the keys, ________?

3.

He lives in London, ________?

4.

It is very cold, ________?

5.

We are not going to sleep, ________?

6.

Your brother was very sorry, ________?

7.

They want to sell their house, ________?

8.

Your mother enjoyed the opera last night, ________?

9.

This is a beautiful house, ________?

10. My sister never writes letters, ________?

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PRESENT CONTINUOUS
The English Present continuous or progressive is constructed as follows:
Subject + Verb to be + Verb ING +
Complement

It is used to describe actions that are being developed at the same time.
Examples:
I am reading a book.

You are playing football.

1) The "ing" goes at the end of each action for denotes "ando, endo".
Examples.
Read Reading

Speak Speaking

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2) If the accin ends in "e", this is omitted, then places the "ing".
Ex: Give Giving
Live Living
Have Having
3) If the action is one or two syllables, ending in a consonant, the consonant before a
vowel and is also the pronunciation of the last syllable is strong, then the consonant is
doubled and then you add the "ing".
Ex: Stop Stopping
Run Running
Begin Beginning
4) When an action ends in "e", but an "i" goes before, then removed first "e", then
change the "i" for "and" and then you add "ing".
Ex: Lie Laing
Tie Taing
5) Sometimes it gets a share with "ing" at the beginning of a sentence:
Ex: Reading this book is interesting.
6) After a preposition, an action is always spelled with "ing". Ex:
I work for living.
I am studing english for being able to talk to people of U.S.A

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EXERCISE
ALPHABET SOUP
Find the following words:

Speaking
Reading
Listening
Writing
Grammar

Z
A
Q
W
P
R
K
F
H
P

G
X
B
R
E
A
D
I
N
G

N
R
A
I
C
L
C
J
I
R

I
S
F
T
J
K
Z
W
R
J

N
M
C
I
Y
V
T
A
U
Q

E
J
H
N
W
O
M
E
C
N

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T
K
E
G
U
M
I
V
Y
K

S
C
L
D
A
X
R
O
J
P

I
F
K
R
S
U
S
L
T
E

L
P
G
N
I
K
A
E
P
S

PRESENT PERFECT
The present perfect is formed by combining the auxiliary verb "has" or "have" with the past
participle. The "present perfect" is a time that is good to describe actions that have just
happened in the past and that they keep some relationship with the present.
HAVE OR HAS + Vpp.

We use the auxiliary have with all persons except the third (he, she and it)Exm:

I have studied.

We have been traveled for six days.

We use HAS" in third person from singular, for example:

He has written a letter to Mara.

AFFIRMATIVE
S + HAVE/HAS + Vpp + C.

I have eaten an apple.

He has bought a car

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NEGATIVE
S + HAVE/HAS + NOT+ Vpp + C

I've never been to Salamanca.

I haven't finished yet.

INTERROGATIVE
To form a question you have you have to follow the following structure:
HAVE/HAS + S + Vpp + C + ?

Has he broken the window?

How many times have you seen that film?

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Has she lost the keys?

PRESENT PERFECT EXERCISES.

Principio del formulario
Have Or Has
Fill the gaps with 'have' or 'has'.
1.

answered the question.

2.

She

3.

They

4.

You

5.

It

6.

We

washed the car.

7.

He

closed the window.

8.

Jenny

9.

The girls

10.

John and Sophie

opened the window.

called us.
carried a box.
rained a lot.

locked the door.

visited the museum.
helped in the garden.

Put in the verbs in brackets into the gaps. Use Present Perfect.

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Example: I _____________ my father's car. (to wash)

Answer: I have washed my father's car.

1) Karen

me an e-mail. (to send)

2) Dave and Pat

3) I

the museum. (to visit)

at the pet shop. (to be)

4) They

already

5) Marcus

their rucksacks. (to pack)

an accident. (to have)

6) We

the shopping for our grandmother. (to do)

7) I

just

8) Emily

my bike. (to clean)

her room. (to paint)

9) Lisa and Colin

10) My friends

to a concert. (to go)

smoking. (to give up)

USED TO
We use Used to + verb to talk about past habits and states and to discuss past.
"Used to" is always followed by an infinitive verb.

SUBJEC
T

VERB
USED
TO

EXAMPLES:
HABIT

I used to
play the
guitar.

I used to walk
when I was a
child

STATE

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We used to
live in London

We used the same way with all the people:

AFFIRMATIVE:
I
you
he/she/it
we
they

used

to

verb

EXAMPLE:

I used to play football,

he used to play football,

we used to play football

NEGATIVES
I
you
he/she/it
we
they

didn't

use

to

EXAMPLE:

I didn't use to play the guitar.

We didn't use to play the guitar.

QUESTIONS:

STRUCTURE

Did + use to + verb

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verb

EXAMPLE:

Did you use to smoke?

SHORT

What did you use to do?

ANSWER:
Did you use to
play football?

Yes I did
No I didn'

be used to = estar acostumbrado hacer algo

When
used to be used in English means being used to do something.
STRUCTURE:

The verb to be + used to + verb with ing

EXAMPLE:

He is used to working on Saturdays.

We are used to travelling by bus.

'get used to' = acostumbrado a hacer algo.

We used get used to in English means used to do something.
STRUCTURE:

Subject + verb to be + get

used to + verb with ing

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I am getting used to
working in an office.

They are getting used

to studying everyday

to be used to and get used to using the

gerund (verb + ing) and refers at present while
"used to" use the infinitive and refers to the past.

ACTIVITIES
1. Complete the following sentences as appropriate
1. I/Smoke
I used to smoke
2. They/play tennis
They.........................................
3. She/go swimming everyday.
She............................................
4. We/study Chinese
We.............................................
5. I/go to concerts
I..................................................
6. He/live in London
He.............................................

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2. CHOOSE THE CORRECT OPTION

1. I ..........take sugar in my coffee but now I dont.
a. Get used to
b. Used to
2. Pedro has been living in England for 2 years. Now he driving on the left.
a. Be used to
b. Used to
3. Did you play football?
a. Used to
b. To used to

BIBLIOGRAPHY
a. http://www.ompersonal.com.ar/omgrammar/tagquestions.htm
b. http://www.uv.mx/tecaprendizaje/material/cursoenlinea/Mary/Grammar/Count
able%20and%20Unc%20Nouns/Countable%20and
%20uncountable/countable_and_uncountable_nouns.htm

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c. http://www.learnenglish.de/grammar/noununcount.htm
d. http://curso-gratis-ingles.euroresidentes.com/2006/03/el-uso-de-used-to-eningls.html
e. http://www.first-certificate.com/used-get-used-be-used-fce
f. http://ingles-whatstheproblem.blogspot.com/2011/03/el-uso-de-used-to.html
g. http://curso-gratis-ingles.euroresidentes.com/2006/05/el-uso-de-be-used-to-yget-used-to-en.html

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