Laporan Industri Proses

A. Fill in the blank with the right word (60)

1. ..............of a substancedetermined by distillationis a useful physical property for
the characterization of pure compounds. ........ is the pressure that the molecules at
the surface of the liquid exert against the external pressure, which is usually the
atmospheric pressure.(10)
2. According to Boyles law, the pressure exerted by a gas held at a constant
temperature varies ........ with the volume of the gas. If a gas is compressed in a
container, these molecules are pushed together; thus, the gas occupies .... volume.(8)
3. There are several factors that influence the rate of a chemical reaction. A higher
concentration of reactants leads to more effective collisions per unit time, which leads
to an ........ reaction rate (except for zero order reactions). (4)
4. Ostwald viscometer is a commonly used viscometer, which consists of a U-shaped
glass ..... hold vertically. It is also known as a glass capillary viscometer. A liquid is
allowed to .... through its capillary tube between two etched marks and the time of
flow of the liquid is measured using a stopwatch. (8)
5. Heat is a form of energy, and can be ...... in calories. One calorie is dened as the
amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree
Celsius.(4)
6. Rate of reaction is the change in concentration per unit time, either the ..... of
concentration per unit time of a reactant or the ....... of concentration per unit time of a
product. (8)
7. ................shows the equilibrium relationship of solute concentration between the
liquid solvent phase and the solid adsorbent phase at a given temperature, pressure,
pH and total solute concentration.(6)
8. Distillation is one of the most common methods for the purification of organic liquids.
It is a physical process used to separate chemicals from a mixture by the difference in
how easily they vaporize. As the mixture is heated, the temperature rises until it
reaches the temperature of the lowest boiling substance in the mixture, while the other
components of the mixture remain in their original phase in the mixture. What is
terminology used for the phrases with underline? (12)

B. Explain the underlined phrase (20)

1. Refractive index is one of the most important physical properties of transparent solid,
liquid and gas. Accurate knowledge of refractive index is highly relevant to correlate
with concentration, temperature, wavelength and pressure in non-intrusive
experiments carried in transparent fluids. It can be used for the identification and
characterization of pure materials, for the measurement of concentration of binary
mixtures. Explain how to measure the concentration of a binary mixture using
refractometer?
2. The purpose of the experiment of Standardization of a Hydrochloric Acid Solution
is to test your laboratory technique and examine potential sources of error in your

measurements. You will do this by standardizing hydrochloric acid that will be used in
future experiments by titration with sodium hydroxide solution. Explain the meaning
of standardizing
C. Give your comment and analysis to the following report abstract (20)
a. Show parts of abstract (introduction, methods, results, discussion and conclusions)
and comment whether continuity and relevances between the key sections well
maintained.
b. Is there any mistake in tenses, spelling, wording?
c. Is there any additional information needed?

The present work deals with the study of the adsorption of acetic acid onto powdered
activated carbon. Determination of carbons adsorptive capacity was done by conducting a
range of adsorption isotherm test of acetic acid solution. Five grams of powdered carbon was
mixed with 25 mL of acetic acid solution at four different initial concentration levels (1,0 N.
0,8 N, 0,6 N and 0,4 N) in an erlenmeyer flask. The results of experimental data show that
the higher the concentration of acetic acid solution give more solute adsorbed on the carbon
surface.
Ostwald viscometers measure the viscosity of a fluid with a known density.
The time taken for the level of the liquid to pass between two points is proportional to the
kinematic viscosity.
The ratio, the purity, and the concentration of two optically active substance can be
measured via polarimetry.

Operation principle of a bimetallic thermometer is a metal tends to undergo a volumetric

dimensional change according to the change in temperature.
A refractometer is used in distillation of binary mixture experiment to measure mole fractions.
To obtain mole fraction information from refractive index measurements, the refractometer
must be calibrated. Explain how to construct a calibration curve ?( construct a graph of
refractive index versus composition) using solutions of known composition.
A volumetric pipette or bulb pipette allows extremely accurate (of four significant figures)
measurement of a volume of solution. These pipettes have a large bulb with a long narrow
portion above with a single graduation mark as it is calibrated for a single volume . What is
the meaning of underlined phrase?

What kind of informations that have to be mentioned in the introduction of a

laboratory / practical activity report?
What is the function of discussion of a laboratory / practical activity report?
A Memo is professional document, designed to be read quickly and passed along
rapidly, often within a company or work group.
The standard memo does not use a salutation or a closing. Explain the meaning of
underlined words
The flash point of a volatile material is the lowest temperature at which it
can vaporize to form an ignitable mixture in air. Explain the meaning of underlined
words
Glassware is inert to almost any chemical, but........(phosphoric acid, hydrofluoric acid
and hot strong alkali.).....
Chemicals should react in the laboratory, not in the stockroom. Explain tghe reason.