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CD A U 2
2
= Cd A U2
2
= 1.4 x (1x 0.03) x 1.236 x 1 (3.6/60) 2
2
5
= 9.344 x10 N
Shear drag
Pressure drag
=
=
9.344x105 8.109x10 N
1.235x105
D = Cd A U2
2
= 2.3x (0.075x7.2) x 1000 x 1x 0.62
= 223.56 N
Simplyfing Cd = 0.3601/m2
Solving by the help of given table we get
800 = Cd A U2
2
1.8 x 0.11 x 1.2 xU2
2
U = 82.06 m/s
6.The vertical component of the landing speed of a parachute is
6.0m/s. Treat the parachute as as open atmosphere and
determine its diameter if the total weight to be carried is 1500N
Assume to be 1.208 kg/m3
Assume Cd = 1.33 of paracute
For the freely faslling falling parachute the weight is balanced by
drag force
1500 = Cd A U2
2
= 1.33 x A x 1.208 x(62)/2
Therefore
dia = 8.126m
Speed
U = 40km/hr
= 40x1000
60x60
= 11.11m/s
drag = tension x Cos 45
therefore tension = 11.9x 2
= 16.83 N
= 13.9N
L = CL A U 2
2
u2 x M
2xD
Cd
0.008(1 + z)
Given
= CL A U2
2
13500 = CL x 30 x 1.208 x 302x 0.5
CL = 0.828
CL = 0.36(1 + 0.2 z)
= drag x velocity
= CL A U2 xU
2
= 0.6 x 30 x 1.205 x 303 x .5
= 29.35 x 103 watts
= (0.5/1.6) x 18000
Cd
= 5625 N
Power minimum
= D x velocity
= 5625 x 5.675
= 31.92 x 103 watts
at 90 Kw power
90000
= drag x velocity
= CL A U2
2
=
CL A U2
2
= mass x acceleration
=
CL A U2
2
CL = 0.92
= 0.07+0.02 = 0.09
Power required
= drag x velocity
= CL A U2 xU
2
substituting the values we get
CL A U2
2
= 1.33 x A x 5.5 x 1.208 x U2
2
= 6.434 m/s
= 1600 km/hr
= 444.44m/s
CL A U 2
= - M x acceleration
2
1.22 x (3.14/4) x 0.52 x x1.208 x 444.442 x .5
= (-300/9.81)x a
b) for water
=
=
CD = 0.934
= CD A U 2
2
= 1.25 x (1 x 0.05) x 1.20 x 0.22 x .5
= 0.1498 N
shear drag
pressure drag
= 0.1498 0.0216
= 0.1282 N
CL A U 2
2
= 0.75 x (2 x 1) x 1.15 x 0.5 [(50 x 1000)/(100 x 60)]
drag D =
Cd A U 2
2
(166.11/33.22)
= tan-1(166.11/33.22)
= 78.42 degrees
Power exerted
= drag X velocity
Cd A U2 = T cos 45
2
0.6 x (0.9 x 0.9 ) x 1.2 x 0.5 x U2 = T cos 45
0.3276 U2 = T /(21/2 )
L = Tsin45 + W
0.8 x (0.9 x 0.9 ) x 1.2 x 0.5 x U2 = t sin 45 + 7.5
0.4368 U2
= T / (21/2 )+ 7.5
23.
Cd A U2
2
= 1.3 x [(3.14 x 0.1 )] x 1.22 x .5 [(60 x 1000)/(60 x60)] 2
2
= 1.765 N
Drag force (hollow down stream ) = 0.35 x [(3.14 x 0.12)] x 1.22 x
.5 [(60 x 1000)/(60 x60)] 2
= 0.47 N
Torque required = (D1-D2) x radius
= (1.765-0.47) x 0.5/2
= 0.3225N
L = T sin 40 + W
D = 20 cos 40 = 15.32 N
= Cd A U2
2
= Cd x 0.5 x 1.2 x 100 x 0.5
Cd = 0.511
L
CL = 0.51
we get
CL = 0.622
Cd A U2
2
tan-1(d/mg)
= 3.75 degrees
28. a spherical balloon of 4 m in diameter is filled with
hydrogen (=0.1 kg/m3).And the total mass of the balloon skin and
the load it carries is 30 kg.Estimate the upward terminal velocity
of the balloon when for air = 1.0 kg/m3 and U =1.8 x 10-5 pa-s.
When the balloon is moving upwards the buoyant force will be
acting upwards and it is balanced by drag force and weight on the
balloon, both acting downwards.
Upward buoyant force = weight of the displaced air
= (4/3) x 3.14
= (4/3) x 3.14 x 23 x 1 x 9.81
= 328.78 N
U = 0.733 m/s
1.2 x 5 x 5 /
2
CL = 0.288
For elliptical lift distribution across span the coefficient of
induced drag
Cd = CL 2 / ( 3.14 x AR)
= 0.288 /[3.14 x (12/2.5)]
= 0.55 x 10-2
total drag coefficient Cd = 0.0187 + 0.55 x 10-2
= 0.0242
= Cd A U2
2
= 0.0242 x (12 x 2.5) x 1.2 [(500 x 1000)/(60 x 60)]
= 8401.7 N
= Cd A U2
2
= 4.107 N