1. Differentiate aspects and tenses.

TENSE refers to the absolute location of an event or action in time, either the present or the past. It is marked by an
inflection of the verb while ASPECT refers to how an event or action is to be viewed with respect to time, rather than to its
actual location in time.
Tense/Aspect

Form

Examples

Meaning

Signal Words

Simple Present tense

singular: base
form + s/es
plural: base form

I smile.

Verbs in the present tense

express action happening at
the present moment or
action that happens
habitually.

typically, generally,
speaking, usually,
every week

Simple Past tense

base form + d/ed

I smiled.

Verbs in the past tense

express action or a state of
being that took place in the
past.

yesterday, many
years ago

Simple Future tense

will + base form

I will smile.

Verbs in the future tense

expresses an action that will
take place sometimes in the
future. They may also
express a prediction or give
an order.

Tomorrow, next
day, someday

Present Progressive tense

am/is/are +
present participle

I am smiling.

The present progressive form

of the verb shows action
happening .in the present or
continuing action

Right now, as I
speak, at this very
moment, always

Past Progressive tense

was/were+
present participle

I was smiing.

The past progressive form of

the verb expresses a
continuing past action when
action took place.

Yesterday, when I
got home, at 4
o'clock

Future Progressive tense

will be + present
participle

I will be
smiling.

The future progressive form

indicates future action.

when I get home,

later today, in the
future, next month

Present Perfect tense

has/have+ past
participle

I have smiled.

Verbs in the present perfect

tense describe an action in
the past and continue to the
present. They also express
an action that has been
completed at some indefinite
past.

once, several
times, often, never

Past Perfect tense

had + past
participle

I had smiled.

Verbs in the past perfect

tense express an action that
was completed at the past at
sometime before another
action took place.

already, by a
certain time

Future Perfect tense

will have + past

participle

I will have
smiled.

The future perfect tense is

used to express a future
action that will be completed
before another future action.

by then, by 5
o/clock, by next
June

Present Perfect Progressive

has/have+ been+
past participle

I have been
smiling.

The present perfect

progressive form indicates
past action that continues to
the present.

all day, the whole

day, since how long

Past Perfect Progressive

had + been +
present participle

I had been
smiling.

The past-perfect progressive

form is used to combine
meanings of perfect with
progressive.

for, since, the

whole day

Future Perfect Progressive

will have + been+

present participle

I will have
been smiling.

The future perfect

progressive form is used to
talk about a future action
before another action in the
future

for...the last couple

of hours, for the
day long

Source:
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