THE INTERNATIONAL ENERGY

CONSERVATION CODE

INTERNATIONAL CODE COUNCIL

REGION 8 CHAPTER WORKSHOP

Presented by Cosimina Panetti, CEM, LEED AP

January 26, 2010
 BCAP – Building Codes Assistance Project

Non-profit, based in D.C. since 1994

Formed as a joint project of the Alliance to Save Energy,

the Natural Resources Defense Council, and the
American Council for an Energy Efficient Economy

Provide resources, education & advocacy assistance for

adoption, implementation, & advancement of effective
energy codes on behalf of the US Department of Energy
and other funders
 Presentation Structure

 Introduction to Energy Codes

 The Value of Energy Codes
 National perspectives
 Regional perspective - Brian Sernulka presentation

 Overview of the 2009 International Energy Conservation Code

 Residential
 Basic Requirements
 Insulation and Window Requirements
 Prescriptive Approach
 REScheck Software
 Commercial
 Envelope Prescriptive Approach
 Lighting and HVAC overview
 COMcheck Software

 Green Codes
 Impact of Buildings

 ~40% of total energy use in the US

 70% of total US electricity consumption
 40% of CO2 emissions – on average……………

The average home emits twice as much

GHG as the average car
In 2004, 2+ million housing units
permitted in US (NAHB)
 VALUE of Energy Codes

Affects ALL new buildings

By 2020:
• 23.4 million new housing units
• Over 1 trillion sq feet commercial floor space

By 2030:
• Over 41 million new housing units
• Over 2 trillion sq feet commercial floor space
Source: EIA, Annual Energy Outlook 2008
 VALUE of Energy Codes

Establish a foundation
for energy and green
programs:
• ENERGY STAR,
• LEED homes and
commercial buildings,
• ASHRAE Standard 189
• ICC IgCC and ICC-700
• Building America/ federal tax incentive, and
• Net-zero energy buildings
Also…

 Activity such as high performance

buildings, advanced standards,
and green building initiatives
prepares the market so that
it can handle more energy
efficient requirements
through codes
 Buildings are critical in
addressing energy and climate

Efficient buildings
 Reduce stress on power grid
and natural gas supplies
 Improve air quality and public
health
 Avoid global climate change
 Save consumers money
 Reduce foreign oil
dependency
 What is the IECC?

A Required
Minimum Level of
Energy Efficiency
In New Residential
and Commercial
Construction
IECC part of the International Family of Codes

Coordinated
family of
International
Codes
 Commercial Building Compliance

IECC
Chapter 5 Can Be Used
to Demonstrate
Compliance

ASHRAE
Chapter 5 of the IECC
References ASHRAE
90.1-2007 as an option
to Demonstrate
Compliance
 Climate Zones—2009 IECC

Determining Your Climate Zone is the First Step

in the Process 14
 Energy Code Requirements

Universal (Basic) requirements (apply everywhere):

 Duct insulation and sealing
 Infiltration control
 Temperature controls
 Pipe insulation
 Commercial Lighting
-HVAC requirements: Federal law sets
most equipment efficiency
requirements, not the I-codes.

Climate Specific Requirements: -No lighting requirements residential

 Roofs until IECC 2009.
 Above grade walls
 Foundations -No Appliance requirements.
 Basements
 Slabs
 Crawlspaces
 Skylights, windows, and doors
 Solar Heat Gain Coefficient in Zone 3
 What’s Changed Since IECC 2006?

 Stringency – some key differences

 New requirements
 Building envelope tightness

 Duct testing

 Lighting equipment

 Pool controls and covers

 Snow melt controls

 Moisture control requirements moved to IRC

 No mechanical trade-offs allowed
 Energy Consumption in
Commercial Buildings
More than half of energy
use is for HVAC and
Lighting

Off-the-shelf
technologies can cut
energy bill by 50%

Energy bill equals 25% of

total operating costs
 Introduction to the Energy Code
Compliance Process

Must the Project

Comply with the
IECC?

Comply with the Comply with the Comply with the

Envelope Mechanical/SWH Power & Lighting
Requirements Requirements Requirements

Sections 503 and

Section 502 90.1 Section 5 90.1 Section 6 Section 505 90.1 Section 9
504

Document
Compliance with
the IECC

Plan Review

Inspection

18
 Does My Project Need to Comply with
the Commercial Provisions in the IECC?

All Buildings Other Than:

 One- and two-family
residential
 R-2, R-3, R-4 three stories
or less in height

19
 Introduction to the Commercial Energy
Code Compliance Process
Must the Project
Comply with the
IECC?

Comply with the Comply with the Comply with the

Envelope Mechanical/SWH Lighting
Requirements Requirements Requirements

Sections 503 and

Section 502 90.1 Section 5 90.1 Section 6 Section 505 90.1 Section 9
504

Document
Compliance with
the IECC

Plan Review

Inspection

20
 What are My Options for Complying
with the IECC?

 Chapter 5 of the IECC General Prescriptive Approach

 Use for ≤ 40% of gross wall area in vertical fenestration
 Use for ≤ 3% of gross roof area in skylights
 Section 506 Total Building Performance Approach
 ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2007
 Section 501.2 ―Application‖ requires 90.1 to be used in its entirety (Envelope, Lighting,
Mechanical) if used as an alternate compliance path

21
 Changes to Tables 502.1.2 and 502.2(1)

 Table now separated by occupancy type

 Group R occupancies use ―Group R‖ column

 Non-Group R occupancies use ―All other‖ column

22
Compliance with Chapter 5 Prescriptive Approach

23
Compliance with Chapter 5
Prescriptive Approach

24
Roof R-Value (502.2.1) / U-Factor (502.1.2)

Roof R-values and U-

factor requirements are
based on assembly type /
insulation placement

• Insulation entirely above

deck
• Metal buildings
• Attic and other

25
Roof R-Value – Insulation Completely Above Deck

• Insulation considered
continuous (CI)
• Insulation thickness can
vary ≤ 1” and area
weighted U-factor meets
the requirements of Table
502.2(1)

26
Roof R-Value – Insulation Placed on Suspended Ceiling
with Removable Ceiling Tiles

• Will not count for code

compliance
• Will not comply with
Section 502.4.3 –
“Sealing of the building
envelope”
Dropped Ceiling

27
 Roof R-Value – Metal Buildings

 R-5 thermal blocks required on all metal

buildings or must use U-factor Compliance
Method
 Climate Zones 2-8 require two layers of
Insulation insulation
Parallel to Purlin  CZ 2-5 and marine R: R-13+R-13
Insulation
 CZ 6-7: R-13+R-19
Draped Over
Purlin  CZ 8: R-11+R-19
Thermal Blocks Picture from NAIMA
 Example (R-13+R-19):
 R-13 draped perpendicularly to the
purlins
 R-19 running parallel to the purlins
supported by the R-13

28
Roof R-Value – Ceilings with Attic Spaces

 Install insulation between

framing
 R-38 in most Climate
Zones
 R-30 in Climate Zones 1
and R-49 in Climate Zone
8

29
Wall R-Value – Mass Walls

 Walls weighing at
least 35 lbs/ft2 of
wall surface area, or
 25 lbs/ft2 of wall
surface area if
material weight is
≤ 120 lb/ft3

30
 Mass Walls – Concrete Masonry Units

 Climate Zone 4 except marine – Can use integral insulation

instead of R-5.7 ci
 Concrete block walls must comply with ASTM C 90, and
 Ungrouted or partially grouted @ 32 inch. o.c. or less vertically or 48
inch. o.c. or less horizontally, and
 Ungrouted cells must be filled with insulation material ≤ of 0.44 Btu-
in./h-ft2 F
 Climate Zone 1
 No insulation required for mass walls

31
 Wall R-Value – Wood, Metal Frame, and Other

 Cavity insulation or cavity plus continuous (ci)

 Continuous insulation not broken up by framing
members e.g. rigid board insulation

32
Metal Building Walls [Table 502.2(2)]

Climate Zone R-Value

1-2 R-16

3-4 except R-19

Marine
5 R-13+R-5.6ci
7-8 R-19+R-5.6ci

Picture from NAIMA

33
 Below Grade Walls (502.2.4)

 What is a below grade wall?

 Basement or first-story walls ≥ 85% below grade
 Insulation must extend down 10 ft from the outside
finished grade level or to the level of the floor, whichever
is less
 Heated slabs installed below grade [Footnote d to Table
502.2(1)]
 Below grade walls must meet exterior insulation requirements
for perimeter insulation according to heated slab-on-grade
construction

34
Floors Over Outdoor Air or Unconditioned Space (502.2.5)

 Joist/Framing (Steel/Wood)
 Insulation installed between
framing
 Mass Floors
 Materials weighing
35 lbs/ft2, or
 25 lbs/ft2 if material weight
is ≤ 120 lbs/ft3
 Insulation installed
continuously

35
 Slab-on-Grade Floors (502.2.6)

 Unheated slab – insulation required in Climate

Zones 4-8
 Heated slabs – insulation required in all Climate
Zones

36
 Opaque Doors (502.2.7)

 Doors having < 50% glass

area
 Swinging doors
 Meet U-factor requirement
 Roll-up or sliding doors
 Climate zones 1 - 3: U-1.45

 Climate zones 4 including

Marine - 8: U-0.50

37
Compliance with Chapter 5 Prescriptive Approach

38
Vertical Fenestration Requirement (502.3.1) -
Prescriptive

Percentage of Vertical
Fenestration Area to Gross
Wall Area

• Allowed up to 40%
maximum of above grade
wall

39
Vertical Fenestration Requirement (502.3.1)

 Based on above-grade wall

area (gross)
 Includes walls between
conditioned space and
unconditioned space or the
great outdoors
 Includes walls that are > 15%
above grade
 Total fenestration area
(includes frame and glazing)
 Does not include opaque door
area

40
 Fenestration U-Factor (502.3.2)

Framing Materials Other

Than Metal w/ or w/o
metal reinforcement or
cladding

• Includes vinyl and wood

frame products or other
non-metal frames
• Typically manufactured
fenestration products

41
Fenestration U-Factor – Curtain Wall

• By definition:
Fenestration products
used to create an
external nonload-bearing
wall that is designed to
separate the exterior and
interior environments

42
Fenestration U-Factor – Storefront

• By definition: A
nonresidential system of
doors and windows
mulled as a composite
fenestration structure that
has been designed to
resist heavy use.
Storefront systems
include, but are not
limited to, exterior
fenestration systems that
span from the floor level
or above to the ceiling of
the same story on
commercial buildings.
43
Fenestration U-Factor – Entrance Door

• By definition: Fenestration
products used for ingress,
egress and access in
nonresidential buildings,
including but not limited to,
exterior entrances that utilize
latching hardware and
automatic closers and contain
over 50% glass specifically
designed to withstand heavy
use and possibly abuse

44
 Fenestration U-Factor – All Other

 Includes operable windows, fixed windows and

non-entrance doors

45
Fenestration U-Factor (303.1.3)
How Do You Meet the
Requirement?
• Fenestration product
rating in accordance to
NFRC 100
• Labeled and certified by
the manufacturer
• Non-NFRC 100 rated
fenestration
• Default Glazed
Fenestration U-factor
Table 102.1.3(1)
46
Default U-Factors from Tables 303.1.3(1) and (2)

TABLE 303.1.3(1)
DEFAULT GLAZED FENESTRATION U-FACTOR

TABLE 303.1.3(2)
DEFAULT DOOR U-FACTORS

47
 Glazed Fenestration SHGC (502.3.2)

What is Solar Heat Gain Coefficient?

―The ratio of the solar heat gain entering the space through the
fenestration assembly to the incident solar radiation.‖

48
Fenestration SHGC Requirements – Table 303.1.3(3)

TABLE 303.1.3(3)
DEFAULT GLAZED FENESTRATION SHGC

Two Options for Meeting the SHGC Requirements

 Fenestration product rated and labeled to NFRC 200, or
 Select default from Table 303.1.3(3)

49
Fenestration SHGC Requirements

The Effect of Overhangs

on Fenestration SHGC

• Overhangs allow a higher

SHGC product to be
installed
• Projection factor must be
calculated

50
 Skylight U-Factor / SHGC

 Limited to ≤ 3% of Roof Area

 U-factor and SHGC Based
 NFRC 100 Rating for U-factor or Default Table
 No SHGC requirements in Climate Zones 7-8

51
 NFRC 100 Rating for U-factor or
Default Table

TABLE 303.1.3(1) DEFAULT GLAZED FENESTRATION U-FACTOR

52
 Mandatory Requirements – Sealing of the
Building Envelope (502.4.3)

 All penetrations, openings, joints

and seams in the building
envelope must be sealed.
Materials that can be used
include:
 Caulking
 Gasketing
 Tapes
 Moisture vapor-permeable wrapping
material
 Sealing materials spanning joints
between dissimilar materials
must allow for expansion and
contraction

53
 Hot Gas Bypass (502.4.4)
 Cooling systems can’t use unless system designed with
 multiple steps of unloading OR

 Continuous capacity modulation

 Capacity limited per Table 502.4.4

 Exception
 Unitary packaged systems with cooling capacities < 90,000
Btu/h
Rated Capacity Maximum Hot Gas
Bypass Capacity
(% of total capacity)
≤ 240,000 Btu/h 50%

> 240,000 Btu/h 25%

54
Mandatory Requirements – Outdoor Air
Intakes and Exhaust Openings (502.4.5)

• Buildings ≥ 3 stories in height

above grade
• Class 1 motorized leakage-
rated damper
• Maximum leakage rate ≤
4cfm /ft2 @ 1.0 inch w.g.
• Buildings < 3 stories in height
• Gravity (nonmotorized)
allowed

55
Mandatory Requirements – Loading Dock
Weatherseals (502.4.6)

• Equip cargo doors and

loading dock doors with
weatherseals
• Goal is to restrict
infiltration

56
 Mandatory Requirements – Vestibules (502.4.7)

Self Closing Doors

 Required to reduce infiltration into
spaces
Vestibule
 Required on entrance doors
leading into spaces ≥ 3,000 ft2
 Doors must have self-closing
devices Exterior Doors
 Exceptions
 Buildings in Climate Zones 1 Conditioned
Space 3000 FT2
and 2
 Doors from a guest room or dwelling
unit
 Doors used primarily for vehicular
movement, material handling and
adjacent personnel doors

57
 Mandatory Requirements – Recessed Lighting
(502.4.8)

All recessed luminaires

installed in the building
envelope
• Type IC rated and sealed with
gasket or caulk between
housing and interior wall or
ceiling covering
• Type IC rated and labeled in
accordance with ASTM E 283 to
allow ≤ 2.0 cfm of air movement
from conditioned space to
ceiling cavity

58
 Commercial Lighting Requirements in 2009 IECC

 Commercial provisions contained in

Chapter 5…with reference to ASHRAE
90.1-2007
 Covers lighting controls and power
density for interior and exterior
Exception: Lighting within dwelling units
 Major changes in the 2009 version
 Daylight zone control
 New exterior lighting zones

59
The IECC Code Compliance Process
Must the Project
Comply with the
IECC?

Comply with the Comply with the Comply with the

Envelope Mechanical/SWH Power & Lighting
Requirements Requirements Requirements

Sections 503 and IECC 90.1-2007

Section 502 90.1 Section 5 90.1 Section 6
504 Section 505 Section 9

Document IECC
Compliance with Section 506
the IECC Building Performance
Method

Plan Review

Inspection

60
 When do the Lighting and Power
Requirements Apply?
 Original Installed Lighting System in a New Building,
Addition, or Tenant Build-out
 Existing Lighting System that is Altered
 Change in Occupancy that Increases Energy
Exceptions:
 Historic buildings
 State or National listing
 Eligible to be listed
 Alterations where less than 50% of the luminaires are
replaced and power is not increased
 Lighting within dwelling units
 Where ≥ 50% of permanently installed fixtures are high-efficacy
lamps
61
 High-Efficacy Lamps

 Defined in the 2009 IECC as:

 Compact fluorescent lamps, T-8 or smaller diameter linear
fluorescent lamps, or lamps with a minimum efficacy based
on lamp wattage

Lamp Wattage Efficacy

> 40 watts 60 lumens/watt

15-40 watts 50 lumens/watt

< 15 watts 40 lumens/watt

62
 What’s Covered Under Electrical Power and Lighting
Systems Requirements?

 Mandatory Interior
Lighting requirements
 Required Controls
 Wattage/Efficiency Limits
 Interior Lighting Power
Allowances (watts/ft2)
 Exterior Lighting Controls
 Required Controls
 Lamp Efficiency
 Exterior Lighting Power
Allowances (watts/ft2)
 Electric Metering
63
 Interior Lighting Control (505.2):
Basic Control
Independent Lighting Control
required for each space
surrounded by floor-to-ceiling
partitions
 Must be located in the space served,
- or -
 Switched from a remote location
 Must have indicator that identifies the
lights served and their status (off or on)
 Exemptions
 Security or emergency areas that must be
continuously lighted Intent: Allow occupants to
 Lighting in stairways or corridors that control unneeded lighting!
are elements of the means of egress

64
 Interior Lighting Control:
Light Reduction

Light Reduction Controls

must allow the occupant to
reduce connected lighting
 By at least 50%
 In a reasonably uniform
illumination pattern

Intent: Allow occupants to

Note: Alternate Standard moderate light levels to save
ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1-2007 energy!
does not require Light
Reduction Control

65
 Light Reduction Control Options

 Controlling all lamps or luminaires

 Dual switching of alternate rows of luminaires, alternate
luminaires or lamps
 Switching middle lamp luminaires independently from
the outer lamps
 Each luminaire or each lamp
Dimming
Alternating Alternating lamps
Luminaires

D
SS SS
Dimmer Switch

66
 Interior Lighting Control:
Light Reduction Exemptions
Light Reduction
Control Not required
for the following:
 Areas with only one
luminaire
 Areas controlled by
occupancy sensor
 Corridors, storerooms,
restrooms or public
lobbies
 Sleeping units
 Spaces with <0.6 w/ft2

67
 Interior Lighting Control:
Automatic Shutoff

Automatic lighting shutoff control device required in all

buildings larger than 5,000 ft2
Building Defined:
 ―Any structure used or intended for supporting or sheltering any use
or occupancy‖
 Building area surrounded by exterior walls and fire walls

Exempted spaces
 Sleeping units
 Lighting for patient care
 When an automatic shutoff would endanger occupant safety or
security
Intent: Eliminate after
hours lighting waste!
68
 Interior Lighting Control:
Automatic Shutoff Options
Automatic Lighting Shutoff Compliance Options
1. Control lights on a scheduled
Automatic Lighting Control
basis (automatic time switch)
Occupancy Sensor
 Time-of-day controller
 Controls ≤ 25,000 ft2 and Open Bay Office
not more than one floor, or Connect to
Lighting in Lobby
Lobby
2. Occupant sensor Office

 Turn lights off within 30 50’

minutes of occupant leaving Restrooms
Connect to
the space Conference
Lighting in Open
Bay Office
Room
3. Signal from another control
or alarm that indicates the 110’
area is unoccupied
Courtesy Britt-Makela Group

69
 Interior Lighting Control:
Automatic Shutoff Override

 Readily accessible
 Within view of the lights or area controlled
 Manually operated
 ≤ 2 hour override
 Controls an area ≤ 5,000 ft2
 Exemptions
 Can be over 2 hour override in malls and arcades, auditoriums,
single-tenant retail space, industrial facilities and arenas when
using captive key override
 Override in malls and arcades, auditoriums, single-tenant retail
space, industrial facilities and arenas can cover up to 20,000 ft2

70
 Interior Lighting Control:
Holiday Scheduling

 Feature that turns off all loads for 24 hours then

resumes the normally scheduled operation
 Exceptions:
 Retail stores and associated malls
 Restaurants
 Grocery stores
 Places of religious worship
 Theaters

71
 Daylighting

• Saves energy
• Reduces cooling load
• Improves occupant
productivity

• Good daylighting design produces

quality even illumination that
reduces contrast, glare and heat
gain through proper shading and
space planning

72
 Basic Daylighting Design Strategies

 N/S Orientation
 Thin Plan
 High, Sloped
Ceilings
 Light- Colored
Reflective N S

Finishes
 Automatic
controls

73
 Daylighting
Design Elements
 Light Shelves
Transmit light while
reducing heat gain

74
 Daylighting in NC Schools

 North Carolina, students

in daylit schools
outperformed students
in non-daylit schools by
5%-14%
 Daylit schools saved an
average of 64% in
energy cost which
amounted to a
$165,000/yr savings

75
Daylight Zone Control Section 505.2.2.3

 Daylight zones
 Must have individual control of the lights independent of general
area lighting
 Contiguous daylight zones adjacent to vertical fenestration
 Can be controlled by a single controlling device if the zone doesn’t
include areas facing more than two adjacent cardinal orientations
(i.e., north, east, south, west)
 Daylight zones under skylights > 15 ft from the perimeter
 Must be controlled separately from daylight zones adjacent to vertical
fenestration
 Exception
 Daylight spaces 1) enclosed by walls or ceiling height partitions and
2) containing two or fewer light fixtures
 not required to have a separate switch for general area lighting
Note: required controls may be manual or automatic

76
 Daylight Zone Definition –
Under Skylights
• The area under skylights whose horizontal dimension,
in each direction, is equal to the skylight dimension
plus the smaller of:
• The floor-to-ceiling height, or
• The distance to a ceiling height opaque partition, or
• One-half the distance to adjacent skylights or windows

77
77
 Daylight Zone Definition –
Adjacent to Vertical Fenestration

The daylight zone depth is assumed to be 15 feet into the

space or to the nearest ceiling height opaque partition,
whichever is less
The daylight zone width is assumed to be:
 the width of the window plus 2 feet on each side, or
 the window width plus distance to opaque partitions, or
 the window width plus one-half the distance to adjacent
skylight or vertical fenestration, whichever is least.

78
78
 Interior Lighting Control:
Sleeping Unit Lighting Control

 Applies to hotels, motels, boarding houses, or

similar Intent: Allow
occupant to
 Master switch required at each room or main
turn off lights at
room entry
exit point!
 Must control all permanently wired luminaires
or switched receptacles
 Exceptions: bathrooms

$ $

$
$

$
Standard Room Suite
79
 Tandem Wiring (505.3)

 Tandem Wiring for all

Odd Numbered Lamp
Configurations
Exceptions:
 Where electronic high
frequency ballasts are used
 Luminaires on emergency
circuits
 Luminaires with no
available pair in the same Intent: Eliminate the use of
area magnetic ballasts driving single
lamps!

80
 Exit Signs (505.4)

 Exit Signs
 Internally illuminated exit
signs shall not exceed 5
watts per side

81
Interior Lighting Power Limits (505.5)
Connected Interior Lighting Power
must not exceed Interior Lighting
Power Allowance
1. Calculate Interior Lighting Power
Allowance
 Building Area type allowance
 Additional allowances
2. Calculate proposed connected
lighting power
 Wattage calculation ―rules‖
 Exempted lighting Intent: Eliminate waste from
3. Compare values: proposed sloppy lighting design and
wattage must be less than or application!
equal to allowed wattage

82
 Interior Lighting Power Allowances

 Building Area Type

Table
505.5.2

Note: Alternate Standard

ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1-2007
provides whole building and
space-by-space options
83
 Interior Lighting Power Allowance Calculation

 First, choose an appropriate ―Building Area Type‖ from the allowance

table (505.5.2).
 ―Building Area‖ includes all spaces that are associated with that
business or function type. For example a space with:
 Corridors,
 Restrooms,
 A lobby, and
 Office space
…would be considered an Office Building Area Type
 Then...multiply the lighting power density (W/ft2) by the building
square footage to get allowed watts for compliance

84
Office - Example

A 200,000 ft2 office building

that contains corridor,
restrooms, break rooms and
a lobby is given 1.0 W/ft2 for
the entire building
Table
505.5.2

Office: 200,000 ft2

1.0 W/ft2 = 200,000 W

85
 Interior Lighting Power Allowance for
Multiple Occupancy Building

How is an allowance determined if the building has more

than one Building Area Type?
Example – A building contains the following area types
 Museum: 40,000 ft2
 Retail: 5,000 ft2
 Cafeteria: 10,000 ft2

 Use the more specific building area type where more than
one area type exists in the building
 Sum the individual (lighting power density X area square
footage) values for Total Power Allowance
86
Multiple Occupancy Building - Example
Table 505.5.2

Museum: 40,000 ft2

at 1.1 W/ft2 = 44,000 W

Cafeteria:10,000 ft2
at 1.4 W/ft2 = 14,000 W

Retail: 5,000 ft2

at 1.5 W/ft2 = 7,500 W

Total watts allowed =

65,500 W
87
 Additional Retail Lighting Power Allowance
(Table 505.5.2 – Footnotes)
Additional Interior Lighting Power Allowance = 1000 watts +
(Retail Area 1 x 0.6 W/ft2) +
(Retail Area 2 x 0.6 W/ft2) +
(Retail Area 3 x 1.4 W/ft2) +
(Retail Area 4 x 2.5 W/ft2),

Where:
 Retail Area 1 = the floor area for all products not listed in
Retail Area 2, 3 or 4.
 Retail Area 2 = the floor area used for the sale of vehicles,
sporting goods and small electronics.
 Retail Area 3 = the floor area used for the sale of furniture,
clothing, cosmetics and artwork. Intent: Allow
 Retail Area 4 = the floor area used for the sale of jewelry,
flexibility in
crystal, and china.
design for critical
Exception: Other merchandise categories may be included in retail
Retail Areas 2 through 4 above, provided that justification applications!
documenting the need for additional lighting power based on
visual inspection, contrast, or other critical display is
approved by the authority having jurisdiction.

88
 Proposed Lighting Power Calculation

 Sum the wattage of all

proposed connected lighting
power

 This must include all lighting

that is part of the design for
the space including:
 Overhead lighting
 Task lighting
 Decorative lighting

Note: Wattage must be calculated based on

actual power draw…not just nominal lamp rating

89
 Proposed Lighting Calculation: Rules

Lighting wattage must be documented in accordance with Section

505.5.1
 Screw lamp holders: maximum labeled wattage of the
luminaire
 Low voltage lighting: transformer wattage
 Line voltage track:
1. specified wattage with minimum of 30 W/linear ft OR
2. wattage limit of system’s circuit breaker OR
3. wattage limit of other permanent current limiting
devices
 Other: manufacturer’s rated wattage of lamp and
associated ballast

90
 Exemptions to Proposed Lighting Power
Calculation

 Connected power for following not included in calculations:

 Professional sports arena playing field
 Sleeping unit lighting
 Emergency lighting automatically off during normal building operation
 Lighting in spaces specifically designed for use by occupants with special lighting needs
including visual impairment and other medical and age related issues
 Lighting in interior spaces specifically designated as a registered interior historic landmark
 Casino gaming areas
 Lighting equipment used for the following exempt if in addition to general lighting and
controlled by an independent control device
 Task lighting for medical and dental procedures
 Display lighting for exhibits in galleries, museums and monuments
 Theatrical, stage, film, and video production
 Used for photographic processes
 Integral to equipment or instrumentation installed by manufacturer
 Plant growth or maintenance
 Advertising or directional signage
 Food warming and food prep equipment (in restaurant buildings and areas)
 Lighting equipment that is for sale
 Lighting demonstration equipment in lighting education facilities
 Approved because of safety or emergency considerations, exclusive of exit lights
 Integral to both open and glass-enclosed refrigerator and freezer cases
 In retail display windows when the display is enclosed by ceiling-height partitions
 Furniture-mounted supplemental task lighting controlled by automatic shutoff
91
 What if My Proposed Design Does Not Meet Code?

 Check calculations and design

 Appropriate area type allowances used?

 Actual lighting equipment wattages used?

…and design
 Reasonable illuminance levels provided?
 Efficient light sources used?
 Use alternate Standard 90.1-2007*
 Use total Building Performance Method

*Section 501.2 Application requires 90.1 to be used in its

entirety (Envelope, Lighting, Mechanical) if used as an
alternate compliance path
92
 Exterior Lighting Control Requirements
(505.2.4)

 For dusk-to-dawn lighting: astronomical time switch or

photosensor
 For all other: astronomical time switch OR
photosensor + time switch
 All time switches must have 10 hour battery
backup

93
 Exterior Efficiency Requirement (505.6.1)

Building grounds lighting luminaires over 100 watts must have source
efficacy of at least 60 lumens per watt

Exceptions:
• Controlled by motion sensor
• Any of the exterior lighting power allowance exceptions
• As approved for a historical, safety, signage, or emergency
consideration
94
Exterior Lighting Power Limits (505.6.2)

Connected Exterior Lighting Power must not exceed Exterior

Lighting Power Allowance
 Calculate exterior Lighting Power Allowance

 Lighting power densities by exterior function and by

applicable lighting zone
 Calculate proposed connected lighting power

 Wattage calculation ―rules‖

 Exempted lighting
 Compare values: proposed wattage must be less than or
equal to allowed wattage

95
Exterior Lighting Power Limits (505.6.2)

What areas are covered under exterior

lighting allowances?
 Tradable surfaces
Common exterior lighted needs that
can be traded for other needs.
For example, wattage allowed for
parking lot lighting can be ―traded‖
and used for canopy lighting.

 Nontradable surfaces
Less common exterior lighted needs
that cannot be traded for other
needs.
These applications have more
specific security or task illuminance
needs.
96
 Tradable Surfaces

 Uncovered parking lots and areas

 Walkways (under and over 10 feet
wide)
 Stairways
 Pedestrian tunnels
 Main building entrances
 Other doors
 Entry canopies
 Free-standing and attached sales
canopies
 Open sales areas
 Street frontage sales areas

97
 Nontradable Surfaces

 Building facades
 Automated teller machines and night depositories
 Entrances and gatehouse inspection stations at guarded facilities
 Loading areas for law enforcement, fire, ambulance and other
emergency vehicles
 Drive-up windows/doors
 Parking near 24-hour retail entrances

98
Exterior Lighting Zones [Table 505.6.2(1)]

Lighting Zone Description

1 Developed areas of national parks, state parks,

forest land, and rural areas

2 Areas predominantly consisting of residential

zoning, neighborhood business districts, light
industrial with limited nighttime use and
residential mixed use areas
3 All other areas

4 High-activity commercial districts in major

metropolitan areas as designated by the local
land use planning authority
99
 Exterior Lighting Zones
Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone 3 Zone 4
Base Site
Allowance
500 W 600 W 750 W 1300 W
Tradable Uncovered Parking Areas
Surfaces
Parking areas
2
and drives 0.04 W/ft 0.06 W/ft2 0.10 W/ft2 0.13 W/ft2
Building Grounds
Walkways 0.7 0.7 0.8 1.0
less than 10 W/linear W/linear W/linear W/linear
feet wide foot foot foot foot
Walkways 10
feet wide or
greater
Plaza areas
Special
Feature
Areas 0.14 W/ft2 0.14 W/ft2 0.16 W/ft2 0.2 W/ft2
Stairways 0.75 W/ft2 1.0 W/ft2 1.0 W/ft2 1.0 W/ft2
Pedestrian
Tunnels 0.15 W/ft2 0.15 W/ft2 0.2 W/ft2 0.3 W/ft2
 Exterior Lighting Zones con’t
Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone 3 Zone 4
Tradable Surfaces Building Entrances and Exits
20 W/linear foot 20 W/linear foot 30 W/linear foot 30 W/linear foot
of door of door of door of door
Main entries width width width width
20 W/linear foot 20 W/linear foot 20 W/linear foot 20 W/linear foot
of door of door of door of door
Other doors width width width width
Entry Canopies 0.25 W/ft2 0.25 W/ft2 0.4 W/ft2 0.4 W/ft2
Sales Canopies
Free-standing and
attached 0.6 W/ft2 0.6 W/ft2 0.8 W/ft2 1.0 W/ft2
Outdoor Sales
Open areas
(including
vehicle sales
lots) 0.25 W/ft2 0.25 W/ft2 0.5 W/ft2 0.7 W/ft2
Street frontage for
vehicle sales lots in
addition to “open
area” allowance No allowance 10 W/linear foot 10 W/linear foot 30 W/linear foot

101
 Exterior Lighting Zones con’t

2 2 2
Non- Building Facades 0.1 W/ft for each 0.15 W/ft for each 0.2 W/ft for each
Tradable illuminated wall or illuminated wall or illuminated wall or
Surfaces surface or 2.5 surface or 3.75 surface or 5.0
W/linear foot for W/linear foot for W/linear foot for
each illuminated each illuminated each illuminated
wall or surface wall or surface wall or surface
No allowance length length length
Automated teller 270 W per 270 W per location 270 W per location 270 W per location
machines and night location plus 90 plus 90 W per plus 90 W per plus 90 W per
depositories W per additional additional ATM per additional ATM per additional ATM per
ATM per location location location location
2 2 2 2
Entrances and 0.75 W/ft of 0.75 W/ft of 0.75 W/ft of 0.75 W/ft of
gatehouse inspection covered and covered and covered and covered and
stations at guarded fac. uncovered area uncovered area uncovered area uncovered area
2 2 2 2
Loading areas for law 0.5 W/ft of 0.5 W/ft of covered 0.5 W/ft of covered 0.5 W/ft of
enforcement, fire, covered and and uncovered area and uncovered area covered and
ambulance and other uncovered area uncovered area
emergency service
vehicles
Drive-up 400 W per drive- 400 W per drive- 400 W per drive- 400 W per drive-
windows/doors through through through through
Parking near 24-hour 800 W per main 800 W per main 800 W per main 800 W per main
retail entrances entry entry entry entry
102
 Exemptions from Exterior Calculation (505.6.2)

The following lighting does not need to be included in the proposed

lighting calculation:
 Specialized signal, directional, and marker lighting associated with
transportation
 Advertising signage or directional signage
 Lighting integral to equipment or instrumentation and installed by its
manufacturer
 Lighting for theatrical purposes, including performance, stage, film
production, and video production
 Lighting for athletic playing areas
 Temporary lighting
 Lighting for industrial production, material handling, transportation
sites, and associated storage areas
 Theme elements in theme/amusement parks
 Lighting used to highlight features of public monuments and registered
historic landmark structures or buildings
103
 What if My Proposed Exterior Lighting Does
Not Meet Code?

 Check calculations and design

 Appropriate surface allowances used?
 Actual lighting equipment wattages used?

…and design
 Reasonable illuminance levels provided?

 Efficient light sources used?

 Use alternate Standard 90.1-2007*

 Use total Building Performance Method

*Section 501.2 Application requires 90.1 to be used in its entirety (Envelope,

Lighting, Mechanical) if used as an alternate compliance path

104
 Electrical Energy Consumption Mandatory
Requirement (505.7)

 Separate metering required for

each dwelling unit

Intent: Occupant
understanding of actual
energy use can promote
effective energy use!

105
 Introduction to the Energy Code
Compliance Process
Must the Project
Comply with the
IECC?

Comply with the Comply with the Comply with the

Envelope Mechanical/SWH Lighting
Requirements Requirements Requirements

Sections 503 and

Section 502 90.1 Section 5 90.1 Section 6 Section 505 90.1 Section 9
504

Document
Compliance with
the IECC

Plan Review

Inspection

106
 Section 503 Building Mechanical Systems

Simplified to Include Only

Four Sections:

• What Provisions of the

Code Apply (503.1)
• Mandatory Provisions
(503.2)
• Simple HVAC Systems
and Equipment (503.3)
• Complex HVAC Systems
and Equipment (503.4)

107
 What Provision of the Code Apply? (503.1)

Mandatory Provisions – Section 503.2 PLUS

 Section 503.3 (Simple Systems) or

 Section 503.4 (Complex Systems)

108
 Simple Versus Complex Systems

Buildings served by
Simple systems unitary or packaged HVAC
Section 503.3 each serving 1 zone
 Unitary or Simple controlled by 1 thermostat.
packaged HVAC Systems Two-pipe heating systems
equipment serving multiple zones are
 Serves one zone included if no cooling
system is installed [Tables
and controlled by 503.2.3(1) through
a single 503.2.3(5)]
thermostat

109
 Simple Versus Complex Systems

Complex systems
 All equipment not Section 503.4 All buildings served
covered under Complex
Systems
by HVAC systems not
covered under 503.3
Section 503.3
Simple Systems

110
 Mandatory Provisions (503.2)

Provisions Applicable to
ALL Mechanical Systems
• HVAC Load Calculations
• Equipment and System Sizing
• HVAC Equipment Performance
Requirements
• HVAC System Controls
• Ventilation
• Energy Recovery Ventilation Systems
• Duct and Plenum Insulation and Sealing
• Piping Insulation
• HVAC System Completion
• Air System Design and Control
• Motor Nameplate Horsepower
• Heating Outside a Building

111
 HVAC Load Calculations (503.2.1)

Heating and cooling load sizing calculations

required

• ASHRAE/ACCA Standard 183

• Other approved computation procedures – defined in Chapter 3
• Exterior design conditions
• Specified by ASHRAE
• Interior design conditions
• Specified by Section 302 of the IECC
• ≤ 72oF for heating load
• ≥ 75oF for cooling load

112
 Equipment and System Sizing (503.2.2)

Output capacity SHALL NOT

exceed sizing –
 Select the system which
serves the greater load,
heating or cooling
 Exceptions
 Standby Equipment with
Required Controls
 Multiple Units with Combined
Capacities Exceeding Loads
 Sequencing Controls
Required

113
 HVAC Performance (Minimum Efficiency)
Requirements (503.2.3)

 Applies to all equipment used in heating and cooling

of buildings
 Must comply with all listed efficiencies
 Exception
 Water-cooled centrifugal water-chilling packages

114
Table 503.2.3(2)

115
Table 503.2.3(3)

116
 System Controls (503.2.4)

One temperature and

humidity (when
applicable) controller per
zone

Heat pump systems

 Heat pump thermostat
required

117
Demand Controlled Ventilation (503.2.5.1)
 DCV must be provided for each zone with spaces >
500 ft² and the average occupant load > 40
people/1000 ft² of floor area where the HVAC system
has:
 An air-side economizer,

 Automatic modulating control of the outdoor air

damper, or
 A design outdoor airflow > 3,000 cfm

Demand control ventilation (DCV): a ventilation system capability

that provides for the automatic reduction of outdoor air intake
below design rates when the actual occupancy of spaces served
by the system is less than design occupancy.
118
 Demand Controlled Ventilation
(503.2.5.1) - Exceptions

 Systems with energy recovery per 503.2.6

 Multiple zone systems without direct digital
control of single zones communicating with
central control panel
 Systems with design outdoor airflow < 1,200
cfm
 Spaces where supply airflow rate minus any
makeup or outgoing transfer air requirement <
1,200 cfm

119
Energy Recovery Ventilation Systems (503.2.6)

 Applies to individual fan systems with

 Design supply air capacity ≥ 5,000 cfm

 Minimum outside air supply of ≥ 70% of design supply air

quantity
 Exhaust air recovery efficiency must be ≥ 50%

Exceptions: many

120
 Energy Recovery Ventilation Systems
(503.2.6) - Exceptions
 Where energy recovery ventilation systems prohibited by the IMC
 Lab fume hood system with at least one of the following:
 VAV hood exhaust and room supply systems capable of reducing exhaust
and makeup air volume to ≤ 50% of design values
 Direct makeup (auxiliary) air supply equal to at least 75% of exhaust rate,
heated no warmer than 2ºF below room setpoint, cooled to no cooler than
3ºF above room setpoint, no humidification added, and no simultaneous
heating and cooling use for dehumidification control
 Systems serving uncooled spaces and heated to < 60ºF
 Where > 60% of outdoor heating energy is from site-recovered or site
solar energy
 Heating systems in climates < 3,600 HDD
 Cooling systems in climates with a 1% cooling design wet-bulb
temperature < 64ºF
 Systems requiring dehumidification that employ series-style energy
recovery coils wrapped around the cooling coil
121
 Duct and Plenum Insulation and Sealing
(503.2.7)

Required for supply and

return ducts and plenums

• Insulating ducts and

plenums:
• Located in unconditioned
space - R5
• Located outside the
building - R8

122
 Low and Medium Pressure Duct Systems

 Ducts designed to operate at static pressures ≤ 2 in.

wg
 Securely fastened and sealed

123
 High Pressure Duct Systems

 Ducts designed to operate at static pressures ≥ 3 in.

wg to be leak tested in accordance with SMACNA
HVAC Air Duct Leakage Test Manual
 Air leakage rate < 6.0
 Must test ≥ 25% of the duct area and meet the
requirements

124
 Piping Insulation (503.2.8)
All piping serving heating or cooling system must be
insulated in accordance with Table 503.2.8
Minimum Pipe Insulation
NOMINAL PIPE DIAMETER

FLUID ≤ 1.5” ≥ 1.5”

Steam 1½ 3

Hot water 1½ 2

Chilled water, brine or 1½ 1½

refrigerant

(thickness in inches)

125
 Exceptions to Table 503.2.8

 Internal piping, factory installed and tested

 Factory installed within room fan-coils and unit
ventilators
 Tested and rated to AHRI 440 (except sampling and variation
provisions in Section 6.5) and 840
 Piping for fluid in temperature range
 55 < temp < 105 F

 Piping for fluid not heated or cooled by electricity or

fossil fuels
 Runout piping ≤ 4’ in length and 1‖ in diameter
between the control valve and HVAC coil

126
 HVAC System Completion (503.2.9)

 Air System Balancing

 Hydronic System Balancing
 Manuals
 Equipment Capacity and Required Maintenance

 Equipment O & M Manuals

 HVAC System Control Maintenance and Calibration

Information
 Written Narrative of Each System Operation

127
Air System Design and Control (503.2.10)

 HVAC systems with total fan system power

> 5 hp to meet 503.2.10.1 and 503.2.10.2
 Allowable Fan Floor Horsepower
 Motor Nameplate Horsepower

128
 Allowable Fan Floor Horsepower

 Each HVAC system at fan design conditions to not

exceed allowable fan system motor nameplate hp
(Option 1) or fan system bhp (Options 2) in Table
503.2.10.1(1)
 Exceptions
 Hospital and laboratory systems using flow control devices on
exhaust and/or return for health and safety or environmental
control permitted to use variable fan power limitation
 Individual exhaust fans ≤ 1 hp
 Fans exhausting air from fume hoods

129
 Motor Nameplate Horsepower

 Selected fan motor to be no larger than first available

motor size greater than bhp
 Fan bhp on design documents
 Exceptions
 Fans < 6 bhp, where first available motor larger than bhp has
nameplate rating within 50% of bhp, next larger nameplate
motor size may be selected
 Fans ≥ 6 bhp, where first available motor larger than bhp has
nameplate rating within 30% of bhp, next larger nameplate
motor size may be selected

bhp = brake horsepower 130

 Heating Outside a Building (503.2.11)

 To be radiant systems
 Controlled by an occupancy sensing device or timer
switch
 So system is automatically deenergized when no occupants are
present

131
 Simple HVAC Systems and Equipment (503.3)

Unitary or packaged, single zone controlled by a single thermostat

in the zone served. Includes:
Simple Systems
 Unitary packaged cooling system
 Split system cooling
 Packaged terminal A/C
 Heat pump cooling
 Unitary packaged heating
 Split system heating
 Packaged terminal heat pump
 Fuel-fired furnace
 Electrical resistance heating
 Two-pipe heating systems w/o
cooling
 Economizers

132
 Economizers (503.3.1)

Table 503.3.1(1)

CLIMATE ZONES ECONOMIZER

REQUIREMENT
1A, 1B, 2A, 7, 8 No requirement

2B, 3A, 3B, 3C, 4A, Economizers on

4B, 4C, 5A, 5B, 5C, cooling systems
6A, 6B ≥ 54,000 Btu/ha
aThe total capacity of all systems without economizers shall not
exceed 480,000 Btu/h per building, or 20 percent of its air economizer
capacity, whichever is greater

133
 Complex HVAC Systems and Equipment (503.4)

Complex Systems
 Packaged VAV reheat
This section applies to all HVAC
 Built-up VAV reheat equipment and systems not
 Built-up single-fan, dual-duct included in Section 503.3
VAV
 Built-up or packaged dual-fan,
dual-duct VAV
 Four-pipe fan coil system with
central plant
 Hydronic heat pump with
central plant
 Any other multiple-zone system
 Hydronic space heating system
 Economizers

134
 Economizers (503.4.1)

 Air side economizer

requirements and
equipment performance
exceptions in Tables
503.3.1(1) and 503.3.1(2)
 Water side economizer
requirements
 Capable of providing 100% of
the cooling system load at
50o F dry bulb/ 45oF wet
bulb

135
Variable Air Volume Fan Control (503.4.2)

 Individual fans with motors ≥ 10hp

 Driven by a mechanical or electrical variable speed
drive OR
 Have controls or devices to result in fan motor demand
≤ 30% of their design wattage at 50% of design airflow
when static pressure set point = 1/3 of the total design
static pressure

136
 Part Load Control (503.4.3.4)

System ≥ 300,000 Btu/h

 Automatic Resets for Supply Water Temperature by
25% of Design Supply-to-Return Temperature
Differences or
 Reduce System Pump Flow by 50% of Design Flow
Using
 Multiple Staged Pumps
 Adjustable Speed Drives
 Control Valves with Modulate or Step Down Capabilities

137
 Heat Recovery for Service Hot Water
Heating (503.4.6)
Most effective where water heater loads are large andCWwell
In
distributed
throughout the day HW In
 Typical applications: hotels,
dorms, prisons, hospitals Storage Tank

 Condenser heat recovery

required for heating/reheating
of SWH provided: Condenser

 Facility operates 24 hours/day Heat Recovery

Heat Pump
 Total installed heat capacity of
water-cooled systems Evaporator

>6,000,000 Btu/hr of heat

rejection Cooling Tower
Water Loop
 Design SWH load >1,000,000
Btu/h To Chiller Condenser or
Water-Loop Heat Pump

•
System
Capacity to provide the smaller of
• 60% of peak heat rejection load at design conditions OR
• Preheating to raise peak to 85ºF
• Exceptions
138
 Section 504 Service Water Heating

 Service water-heating equipment performance efficiency (504.2)

 Table 504.2 Minimum Performance of Water-Heating Equipment
 Water Heater Types Covered
 Electric Storage

 Gas and Oil Storage

 Instantaneous Water Heaters – Gas and Oil

 Hot water boilers – gas and oil

 Pool heaters

 Unfired storage tanks

 Temperature Controls (504.3)

 Heat Traps (504.4)

139
 Pipe Insulation (504.5)

 Noncirculating system
insulation requirements
 First eight feet of outlet
piping on systems with no
integral heat traps
 1/2 inch of insulation
required
 Circulating systems
 1 inch of insulation

140
 Hot Water System Controls (504.6)

 Ability to turn off

circulating hot water
pumps and heat trace tape
when the system is not in
operation
 Automatically or manually

141
 Pool Requirements (504.7)

 Pool heaters (504.7.1)

 Readily accessible on-off switch

 Natural gas or LPG fired pool heaters will not have continuously
burning pilot lights
 Time switches (504.7.2)
 Automatic controls required to operate pool heaters and pumps on a
preset schedule
 Exceptions
 Where public health standards require 24 hour operation
 Where pumps are required to operate solar and waste heat recovery pool
heating systems

142
 Pool Covers (504.7.3)

 Heated pools required to

have a pool cover
 Pool cover must be vapor
retardant
 Pools heated to over
90oF
 Minimum R-12 insulation
 Exception
 Pools deriving > 60% energy
for heating from site-
recovered energy or solar
source

143
 COMcheckTM

Desktop Software Tools

Web-Based Tools

Windows version or
Mac version
 Commercial Compliance

Building System Compliance Options

Prescriptive
Envelope
Option

Mandatory
Lighting Provisions Trade Off
Energy Code
(required for most Option Compliance
compliance options)
Mechanical
Total Building
HVAC Performance

SWH
 More Training Opportunities

 COMcheck 101
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 Case studies

www.energycodes.gov
 Appropriate Code

 Energy code applicable

to
your state/ jurisdiction
(Code Menu)
 Status of State Codes
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Codes are not being well

Implemented:
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We’re NOT getting the projected energy
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 ADVANCING ENERGY CODES

Energy Codes are the foundation of energy

efficiency policy for the buildings sector.
 National Level - National Model Building Energy Code &
Standards

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Estimates are under development and subject to change based on further analysis of EIA and other
available building data; data is based on 2005 state energy consumption; Energy Information
Administration
 New Housing Energy Continuum
Percentage of Projected Energy Savings

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Complies with existing energy codes with 100% reliance on utility supplied energy.
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Courtesy of Anthony Floyd City of Scottsdale AZ
 Thank you

Cosimina Panetti, CEM, LEED AP

Outreach Manager
cpanetti@ase.org
518-357-0602

Building Codes Assistance Project (BCAP)

www.bcap-energy.org