Professional Documents
Culture Documents
ZENER DIODES
By
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
1. Interpret the characteristic curves of a zener
diode.
2. Draw the equivalent circuit of a zener diode.
3. Explain how a zener diode produces a
constant level of dc voltage during reverse
bias condition.
4. Solve and analyze circuits with zener diodes.
IZ
ID
VZ
VD
VR
(a) Zener
Diode
(b) Semiconductor
Diode
IR
(c) Resistive
Element
+
VZ
IZ
+
+
0.7 V
rZ
0.7 V
rZ
VZ
VR
0.7 V
10 A = IR
rZ = 8.5 = ZZT
0.7 V
rZ
VZ
0.25 mA = IZK
VZ
IZT = 12.5 mA
rZ = VZ / IZ
IZM = 32 mA
7
TC =
VZ / VZ
X 100% / C
T1 - T0
where:
T1
T0
TC
VZ
VZ =
VZ =
TCVZ
(T1 - T0 )
100%
(0.072% / C) (10 V)
(100 C - 25 C )
100%
VZ = 0.54 V
VZ
= VZ + 0.54 V = 10.54 V
9
10
1.3 k
White
Vo2
VZ1
6V
Vo1
Si
VZ2
3.3 V
12
1.3 k
ANSWERS:
White
Vo2
VZ1
6V
VZ2
= 4V
Vo2
= 10 V
IR = ILED = 20 mA
Vo1
Si
Vo1
Ps
= 800 mW
PLED
= 80 mW
PZ
= 120 mW
3.3 V
13
60 V
+
t
-60 V
vi
VZ
20 V System
Si
14
Vo
60 V
60 V
vi
VZ
System
20 V
-60 V
20 V
Si
-60 V
15
VR
REQUIRED:
1 k
IZ
+
+
vi
16 V
VZ = 10 V
RL
3 k
VL
PZM = 30 mW
16
1 k
IZ
vi
16 V
SOLUTION:
IL
+
RL
3 k
VL
PZM = 30 mW
V = VL =
RLVi
R + RL
(3 k) (16 V)
V=
1k + 3k
V = 12 V
17
VR
IR
R
1 k
16 V
IL =
+
VZ
10 V
RL
3 k VL
PZM = 30 mW
VR = Vi - VL = 16 V - 10 V = 6 V
IZ
vi
IL
IR =
VL
RL
VR
R
10 V
=
3 k
= 3.33 mA
6V
=
1 k
= 6 mA
IZ = IR - IL = 6 mA - 3.33 mA
IZ = 2.67 mA
VR
IR
IL
R
1 k
REQUIRED:
Determine the range of RL
and IL that will result in VRL
being maintained at 10 V
IZ
+
+
vi
50 V
VZ = 10 V
IZM = 32 mA
RL
19
VR
IR
R
1 k
50 V
RLVi
R + RL
Solving for RL :
+
VZ = 10 V
IZM = 32 mA
SOLUTION:
VL = VZ =
IZ
vi
IL
RL
RLmin =
RVZ
Vi - VZ
(1 k) (10 V)
RLmin =
If RL > RLmin, the zener diode is ON
50 V - 10 V
RLmin = 250
20
VR
IR
R
1 k
IZ
vi
50 V
IL
VR = Vi - VZ = 50 V 10 V
VR = 40 V
To get the magnitude of IR
+
VZ = 10 V
IZM = 32 mA
RL
IR =
VR
R
40 V
1 k
= 40 mA
ILmin = IR - IZM = 40 mA 32 mA
ILmin = 8 mA
If RL > RLmin, the zener diode is ON
21
VR
IR
R
1 k
IZ
vi
50 V
IL
10 V
ILmin
8 mA
RLmax = 1.25 k
+
VZ = 10 V
IZM = 32 mA
RLmax =
VZ
RL
VR
R
IR
220
IL
REQUIRED:
IZ
+
+
vi
VZ = 20 V
IZM = 60 mA
RL
1.2 k VL
23
220
IZ
+
+
vi
VZ = 20 V
IZM = 60 mA
RL
Vimin =
1.2 k VL
(RL + R) VZ
RL
(1200 + 220 ) (20 V)
Vimin =
1200
Vimin = 23.67 V
24
VR
R
IR
220
IL =
IL
IZ
+
+
vi
VZ = 20 V
IZM = 60 mA
RL
1.2 k VL
VL
RL
VZ
20 V
=
RL
1.2 k
IL = 16.67 mA
IRmax = IZM + IL
IRmax = 60 mA + 16.67 mA
IRmax = 76.67 mA
25
VR
R
= (76.67 mA)(0.22 k) + 20 V
IR
220
= 16.87 V + 20 V
IL
IZ
+
Vimax = 36.87 V
vi
VZ = 20 V
IZM = 60 mA
RL
VL
1.2 k VL
20 V
Vi
23.67 V
36.87 V
26
27
Sample Applications:
Displays in calculators,
watches, parking light for
car, miniature flashlight,
traffic light.
COLOR
CONSTRUCTION
FORWARD
VOLTAGE
Amber
AlInGaP
2.1
Blue
GaN
5.0
Green
GaP
2.2
Orange
GaAsP
2.0
Red
GaAsP
1.8
White
GaN
4.1
Yellow
AlInGaP
2.1
28
II. Photodiode
Cj
31
33