Professional Documents
Culture Documents
3rd Lecture
by
Boilers
Tube contain
Water tube
Method of
firing
Fire tube
Internally
Circulation of
water
Natural
Externally
Pressure of
steam
Forced
Low
High
CLASSIFICATION OF BOILERS
According to what flows in the TUBE
1. Water tube.
2. Fire tube.
Fire-tube boilers
Water-tube boilers
Mode of firing
Externally fired
Operation pressure
Limited to 16 bar
Lower
Higher
Suitability
Risk on bursting
Floor area
Construction
Difficult
Simple
Cont
Particulars
Fire-tube boilers
Water-tube boilers
Transportation
Difficult
Simple
Shell diameter
Chances of explosion
Less
More
Treatment of water
Not so necessary
More necessary
Accessibility of various
parts
More accessible
Requirement of skill
13
Vertical Boilers
Used in small factories,small water supply plants,
and on sites of temporary nature such as
construction work etc.
Required minimum floor space,not required
elaborate foundations,and is portable.
Cheap,easy to start but inefficient due to large
wastage of fuel and less heating surface.
Vertical Boilers are:Simple(having one to three
cross tubes), fire tubes and water tubes types.
Cochran Boiler
Cochran Boiler
Cochran boiler
One of the best types of vertical multi-tube boiler
Consists of a cylindrical shell with a dome
shaped top where the space is provided for
steam
Cont..
Lancashire Boiler
Lancashire Boiler
It is stationary fire tube, internally fired,
horizontal, natural circulation boiler. This is a
widely used boiler because of its good steaming
quality and its ability to burn coal of inferior
quality.
Reliable, has simplicity of design, ease of
operation and less operating and maintenance
costs
Commonly used in sugar-mills and textile
industries where along with the power steam
and steam for the process work is also needed
Lancashire
Boiler
Cont
Consists of cylindrical shell inside which two
large tubes are spaced
Shell is constructed with several rings of
cylindrical form, it is placed horizontally over a
brick work which forms several channels for the
flow of hot gases
The furnace is placed at the front end of each
tube
Advantages
Its heating surface area per unit volume at the boiler
is considerably large.
Its maintenance is easy.
It is suitable where a large reserve of hot water is
needed. This boiler due to the large reserve capacity
can easily meet load fluctuations.
Super-heater and economizer can be easily
incorporated into the system, therefore; overall
efficiency of the boiler can be considerably increased
(80-85%).
LOCOMOTIVE BOILER
Locomotive boiler is a horizontal fire tube type
mobile boiler. The main requirement of this
boiler is that it should produce steam at a very
high rate. Therefore, this boiler requires a large
amount of heating surface and large grate area
to burn coal at a rapid rate.
In order to provide the large heating surface
area, a large number of fire tubes are setup.
LOCOMOTIVE BOILER
Locomotive boiler
LOCOMOTIVE BOILER
Features
1. The evaporative capacity of this boilers is high
compared with other boilers (20,000 to 40,000kg/hr).
The operating pressure lies between 11.5 to 17.5 bar.
2. The defective tubes can be replaced easily.
3. The entire boiler rests over an iron structure,
independent of brick work, so that the boiler may
expand or contract freely. The brick walls which form
the surroundings of the boiler are only to enclose the
furnace and the hot gases.
Cont
It consists of a drum connected to a series of
front end and rear end header by short riser
tubes
To these headers are connected a series of
inclined (150 or more) water tubes
A hand hole is provided in the header in front of
each tube for cleaning and inspection of tubes
Cont
Feed valve is provided to fill the drum and
inclined tubes with water
Through the fire door fuel is supplied to
grate where it is burnt
The hot gases are forced to move upwards
between the tubes by baffle plates
The water from the drums flows through
the inclined tubes via down take header
and goes back into the shell in the form of
water and steam via uptake header
Advantages
1. Large rate of steam generation per square metre
of heating surface.
2. It is free from brickwork, special foundation and
chimney. This reduces the cost of installation.
3. It is very compact.
The pressure of the steam is limited to about 20 bar.