1.

Plot A plot is an account of the ACTION and all of the motivations lying behind the
action in a literary work. A plot may include such elements as the "exposition," where the
SETTING is established, the CHARACTERS are introduced, and background
information is provided; the "CONFLICT"; the "climax," where the action comes to its
moment of greatest tension; and the "denouement," where the action finally resolves. The
Masterplots series of reference books lists plot summaries for many classic literary works
2. Setting The locale, time, and CONTEXT in which the ACTION of a literary work
takes place. "It was a dark and stormy night . . ." is a cliche example of setting.
3. Point of view The intellectual or emotional perspective held by a NARRATOR or
PERSONA. A narrator or persona's point of view may be classified according to whether
it is in the "first-person," where the speaker uses the pronoun "I"; the "second-person,"
where the speaker uses the pronoun "you"; or the "third-person," where the speaker uses
the pronouns "he," "she," "it" or "they." The third-person point of view may be further
classified according to whether it is all-knowing, or "omniscient"; or limited in its
knowledge, or "limited omniscient." A poem which is famous for its first-person point of
view as expressed by the PERSONA of the poem--the inimitable Duke of Ferrara--is
Robert Browning's My Last Duchess.
4. Characterization A character is a person (or, in the case of such works as Aesop's
fables, a non-human with a human personality) in a literary work. Character can also
refer to the particular, unique traits of a person in a literary work. Characterization is the
way in which an author presents and defines characters. A "flat character" is one who is
minimally described, stereotypical or who has only one purpose (e.g., your basic blood-
sucking Count Dracula), while a "round character" is one who is presented in greater
depth and detail (e.g., the troubled, sympathetic Brad Pitt vampire in Anne Rice's
Interview with the Vampire); a character who does not undergo any change is called a
"static character" (e.g., Tiny Tim in Charles Dickens' "A Christmas Carol"), while a
character who undergoes some sort of trans-formation is called a "dynamic character"
(e.g., Scrooge in the same work).
5. Theme The general idea or meaning of a literary work. A theme may not always be
explicit or easy to state, and a work of literature may contain more than one theme.
Theme is generally the most important part of any literary INTERPRETATION. The
theme of Ernest Hemingway's short story "A Clean, Well-Lighted Place," for example,
has been stated by X.J. Kenney as: "Solitary people need a place of refuge from their
terrible awareness that their lives are essentially meaningless."
6. Alliteration a pattern of sound that includes the repetition of consonant sounds. The
repetition can be located at the beginning of successive words or inside the words. Poets
often use alliteration to audibly represent the action that is taking place. For instance, in
the Inferno, Dante states: "I saw it there, but I saw nothing in it, except the rising of the
boiling bubbles" (261). The repetition of the "b" sounds represents the sounds of
bubbling, or the bursting action of the boiling pitch. In addition, in Sir Phillip Sidney's
Astrophel and Stella, the poet states: "Biting my truant pen, beating myself for spite"
(Line 13). This repetition of the "t" sound represents the action of the poet; one can hear
and visualize his anguish as he bites the pen. Also in Astrophel and Stella, the poet states,
"Oft turning others' leaves, to see if thence would flow, / Some fresh and fruitful showers
upon my sunburn'd brain" (7-8). Again, the poet repeats the "fr" sounds to emphasize the
speaker's desire for inspiration in expressing his feelings. Poets may also use alliteration
to call attention to a phrase and fix it into the reader's mind; thus, it is useful for
emphasis. Therefore, not only does alliteration provide poetry or prose with a unique
 sound, it can place emphasis on specific phrases and represent the action that is taking
place.
7. Allusion A brief reference in a literary work to a person, place, thing or passage in
another literary work, usually for the purpose of associating the TONE or THEME of the
one work with the other. The many allusions in T.S. Eliot's poem The Wasteland, for
example, refer to the Bible and Milton's Paradise Lost.
8. Analogy Analogy is the comparison of two pairs which have the same relationship.
The key is to ascertain the relationship between the first so you can choose the correct
second pair. Part to whole, opposites; results of are types of relationships you should find.
9. Antagonist A person or force which opposes the protagonist in a
literary work
10.Aside A device in which a character in a drama makes a short
speech which is heard by the audience but not by the other
characters in the play.
11.Blank Verse A poem written in unrhymed iambic pentameter
12.Climax The decisive moment in drama, the climax is the turning
point of the play to which the rising action leads. This is the
crucial part of drama, the part which determines the outcome of
the conflict.
13.Comic Relief A humorous part of a character in a play or poem
14. Conflict In the plot of drama, conflict occurs when the
protagonist is opposed by some person or force in the play
15.Couplet A stanza of two lines usually rhyming
16.Diction An author’s choice of words.
17.Dramatic Irony A line or event used to draw an audience
18.Dramatic Structure the structure of work in a dramatic movie
19.Epithet In literature, a word of phrase preceding or following a
name which serves to describe the character
20.Figurative Language In literature, a way of saying one thing and
meaning something else
21.Foreshadowing In drama, a method used to build suspense by
providing hints of what is to come
22.Foil A character in a play who sets off the main character or
other characters by comparison
23.Imagery A word or group of words in a literary work which
appeals to one or more of the senses sight, taste, touch, hearing,
and smelling
24.Irony the result of an action is the reverse of what the actor
expected
25.Meter A regular pattern of unstressed and stressed syllables in a
line or lines of poetry
26.Metaphor A figure of speech wherein a comparison is made
between two unlike quantities without the use of the words like
or as
27.Monologue an extended uninterrupted idea by character in a
play or film
 28.Oxymoron A combination of contradictory terms
29.Personification A figure of speech in which something nonhuman
is given in human characteristics
30.Protagonist The hero or central character of a literary work
31.Pun A play on words wherein a word is used to convey two
meanings at the same time
32.Rhyme Scheme The pattern of rhymed words in a stanza or
generalized throughout a poem
33.Simile A figure of speech which takes the form of a comparison
between two unlike quantities for which a basis for comparison
can be found
34.Situational Irony A situation that turns out to be different then
from the expected outcome
35.Soliloquy In drama, a moment when a character is alone and
speaks his or her thoughts aloud
36.Sonnet A lyric poem of fourteen lines whose rhyme scheme is
fixed
37.Symbol anything that can range from a sound, word, or
particular marks
38.Tragedy A type of drama which pre eminently the story of one
person, the hero
39.Verbal Irony A figure of speech that says the opposite of what
was meant to be said

Why is the continent of Europe called “a peninsula of peninsulas?”

A number of smaller peninsulas jut out to the north

What is a peninsula? (look this up in the dictionary if you don’t know)

a piece of land almost surrounded by water or projecting out into a body of water.

What peninsula stretches into the Mediterranean Sea?

Italian peninsula

Is Greece a peninsula?
Yes Greece is a peninsula

What countries comprise Great Britain?

Wales, Scotland , and England

What is the capital of Great Britain?

London

What does Greater London mean?

The capital and the largest city of England, located on the Thames in
southeastern England; financial and industrial and cultural center
What are the Boroughs of London?
Boroughs are the administrative are of London. It currently holds 32

Where is Wales located in reference to England?

Located in two of four countries of the United Kingdom, England and
Wales

When was Wales united with England?

In the 16th century

What river separates Scotland from England?

River Tweed

What year were Scotland, England, and Wales united under the name
of the United Kingdom of Great Britain?
1st of May 1707

What is the capital of Northern Ireland?

Belfast

Where is the Isle of Man located and what is the total area of this
island?
Located on the Irish Sea, area is 621m.

When did the Isle of Man enter the control of England?

8000 BC

How does the Isle of Man governed?

The UK is responsible for isles of Man government

What is meant by European Union and how many countries are there?
an international organization of European countries formed after World War II to reduce trade
barriers and increase cooperation among its members, and they have 27 countries

What is the purpose of the Commonwealth of Nations?

It is the volunteer association of Great Britain

How is the United Kingdom governed?

The British Government runs the UK

The United Kingdom consists of what countries?

Great Britain, London, England

What did signing the Magna Carta do for the United Kingdom?
What religion is the Church of England?
Christian

When did the United Kingdom lose control of America?

1927

Why did Britain enter WWII?

They allied with Europe for the war to help their allies

What is the name of the women who became Britain’s first female
Prime Minister?
Margaret Thacther

What was the name of Britain’s Prime Minister that led Britain to
become one of U.S. allies after the September 11 attacks on the World
Trade Center?
Tony Blair

What is the name of the British Royal that will take over the throne
when the Queen dies?
Princes Charles

What is the name of the Ocean west of IRELAND?

Atlantic Ocean

What is the name of the Sea south of FRANCE?

Mediterranean Sea

What is the capital of SPAIN?

Madrid

What is the name of the Sea east of the UNITED KINGDOM?

North Sea

What is the name of the Sea west of NORWAY?

Norwegian Sea

What is the capital of SWEDEN?

Stockholm

What is the capital of ITALY?

Rome

What is the capital of Austria?

Vienna
How many miles is Salzburg from Vienna?
Estimated 100 miles

What seven countries border Austria?

Czech, Germany, Italy, Slovenia, Hungary, Switzerland, and Slovakia

What is the Government of Austria?

Federal Chancellery of Austria

What is the capital of Norway?

Oslo

What Sea’s border Norway?

North Sea, Norwegian Sea, and Baltic Sea

What three countries border Norway?

Finland, Denmark, and Sweden

What is the Government of Norway?

Norwegian Government

What is the capital of Sweden?

Stockholm

What two countries border Sweden?

Norway, and Finland

What is considered the Scandinavian Peninsula?

Geographic region in northern Europe consisting of Norway, Sweden
and parts of Finland

What is the Government of Sweden?

constitutional monarchy based on parliamentary democracy