Professional Documents
Culture Documents
150
150
+2 CHEMISTRY
1 Mark
Unitwise
(2006 to 2013)
5 Mark
&
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CONTENTS
1 Mark
3 Mark
31
5 Mark
95
280
Blue Print
281
Rankers Education
Trichy 9843 113 114
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1 MARK
1.
ATOMIC STRUCTURE II
1.
En =
313.6
, If the value of En = 34.84 to which value n corresponds
n2
a) 4
b) 3
c) 2
[June-2008]
d) 1
2.
3.
de-Broglie quation is
a) =
mv
h
b) = hmv
4.
Which of the following particle having same kinetic energy, would have the maximum de-Broglie
wave length?
[Mar-2007]
a) -particle
b) proton
c) -particle
d) neutron
5.
If the energy of an electron in the second Bohr orbit of H-atom is -E, what is the energy of the
electron in the Bohrs first orbit?
[June-2011]
a) 2E
b) 4E
c) 2E
d) 4E
6.
7.
[Sep-2010, Sep-2011]
d) 2
c) 3
c) sp d
8.
9.
Which one of the following experiments confirmed the wave nature of electron?
[Mar-2010]
a) G.P. Thomsons gold foil experiment
b) Black body radiation
c) Photoelectric effect
d) Millikens oil drop experiment
10.
a) 6.6 10
kg ms
-1
24
b) 6.6 10
kg ms
-1
c) 6.6 10
34
kg ms
-1
[Mar-2006, Mar-2011]
d) 6.6 1034kg ms1
11.
The circumference of the circular orbit of the electron must be an integral multiple of --------[Sep-2006]
a) Frequency
b) Momentum
c) Mass
d) Wavelength
12.
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[June-2009]
c) 3
d) 4
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
[Sep-2007]
d) none
[Sep-2011]
d) *2py
c)dsp
d) sp d
c) sp3d3
[Sep-2006, Sep-2010]
d) sp3d4
c) sp3d
[June-2007, June-2011]
d) sp3
c) sp
d) sp
[Sep-2012]
2
[Mar-2009]
2
c) sp
d) sp d
c) sp3
d) sp2
[Sep-2009]
3
[June-2012]
[Mar-2012]
c) sp
d) sp
24.
25.
[June-2008]
c) freezing point is zero d)hydrogen bond
26.
c) orthohydroxybenzaldehyde
c) Aulbau principle
27.
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[Mar-2007]
d) all the above
[Sep-2008]
d) HF
[Sep-2013]
d) all the above
7.
NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY
1.
2.
3.
4.
Radioactivity is due to
a) Stable electronic configuration
c) Unstable nucleus
5.
6.
235
92U
7.
8.
After 24 hours 0.125 g of the initial quantity of 1 g of a radioactive isotope is left out. The halflife period is
[Mar-2006, June-2012, Sep-2012]
a) 24 hours
b) 12 hours
c) 8 hours
d) 16 hours
15
12
When 7N is bombarded with a proton it gives 6C and --------[June-2007]
a) -particle
b) -particle
c) neutron
d) proton
9.
[June-2008]
d) positron decay
[Mar-2007, June-2010]
b) Stable nucleus
d) Unstable electronic configuration
92
232
220
139
38 Sr
94
10.
11.
Half-life period of a radioactive element is 1500 years. The value of disintegration constant in
terms of seconds is
[Sep-2008]
10 1
b) 0.2465 1010 s1 c) 0.1465 10 8 s1
d) 0.3645 10-10 s1
a) 0.1465 10
s
12.
Half-life period of a radioactive element is 100 seconds. Its average life period is
[Mar-2010]
a) 100 seconds
b) 50 seconds
c) 200 seconds
d) 144 seconds
13.
In a reaction 5B
4Be + ?
a) -particle
b) -particle
c) electron capture
-particle is represented as
a) +1e0
b) 1e0
c) 1H1
14.
15.
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198
[Mar-2012]
d) 26.1 days
[June-2011]
d) positron
[June-2013]
d) 2He4
8.
SOLID STATE II
1.
c) 2 = nd sin
[Mar-2011]
d) n = 2d sin
c) Tetragonal
[ Sep-2006 ]
d) Body centred cubic
c) CsCl
d) FeS
2.
3.
[June - 2012]
4.
Semiconductors which exhibit conductivity due to the flow of excess negative electrons are called
[June- 2006, June-2013]
a) Superconductors
b) n-type semiconductors c) p-type semiconductors d) Insulators
5.
6.
The number of close neighbours in a body centred cubic lattice of identical spheres is
[Mar-2009, Mar - 2012]
a) 6
b) 4
c) 12
d) 8
In a simple cubic cell, each point on a corner is shared by
[Mar -2006, June-2007, Sep-2010]
a) One unit cell
b) Two unit cell
c) 8 unit cell
d) 4 unit cell
7.
[June-2008]
d) Order of reflection
8.
9.
Rutile is
a) TiO2
10.
11.
12.
[June - 2011]
b) Cu2O
c) MoS2
d) Ru
c) CsCl
[Mar-2008, Sep-2008]
d) FeS
c) 6
d) 8
[Mar-2010]
[Sep-2012]
d) NaCl
13.
An ion leaves its regular site and occupies a position in the space between the lattice sites. This
defect is called as
[March-2007]
a) Schottky defect
b) Frenkel defect
c) Impurity defect
d) Vacancy defect
14.
[June-2009]
15.
[Mar-2013]
16.
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d) 4
[Sep-2013]
d) NaCl
20.
1.
2.
In nitro alkanes NO2 group is converted to NH2 group by the reaction with
[Sep-2006, Mar-2008, June-2009, Mar-2013]
a) Sn/HCl
b) Zn dust
c) Zn/NH4Cl
d) Zn/NaOH
3.
4.
[Mar-2007]
d) nitrobenzene
5.
[June-2007, Mar-2011]
d) 3-nitro propanol
6.
7.
8.
9.
[June-2007, Mar-2010]
b) presence of nitrogen atom
d) high electronegativity of nitrogen
10.
11.
b) Lewis base
c) Lewis acid
12.
[Mar-2009]
d) benzyl alcohol
13.
[Mar-2011]
d) tert.butylamine
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NaNO / HCl
14.
C6H5NH2 2 X. Identify X.
a) C6H5Cl
b) C6H5NHOH
15.
16.
17.
When aqueous solution of benzene diazonium chloride is boiled the product formed is
[Mar-2009, Mar-2011, June-2012]
a) benzyl alcohol
b) benzene + N2
c) phenol
d) phenyl hydroxylamine
18.
19.
[Sep-2006]
d) nitro benzene
20.
[June-2006, Sep-2013]
d) 2-nitropropane
21.
c) CCl3NO2
[Mar-2007, June-2011]
d) o-toluidene
Chloropicrin is
a) CCl3CHO
c) CHCl3
[June-2013]
d) CH3NO2
22.
b) CCl3NO2
23.
24.
Oil of mirbane is
a) nitro benzene
c) methyl salicylate
b) benzaldehyde
[June-2008, Mar-2012]
d) Aspirin
25.
The reaction between benzene diazonium chloride and benzene in the presence of NaOH is
[Sep-2007]
a) Perkins reaction
b) Gattermans reaction
c) Sand Meyers reaction
d) Gomberg Bachmann reaction
26.
Which one of the following will not undergo Hoffmans bromamide reaction?
[Sep-2008]
a) ethanamide
b) propanamide
c) methanamide
d) phenyl methanamide
27.
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[Mar-2009]
d) (C2H5)2C(CH3)NH2
28.
[Sep-2010]
O
CH3-N
O
and
O
Nitroform
a) Position
b) Chain
CH2=N
is
OH
Acinitroform
c) Functional
d) Tautomerism
29.
Which of the following nitro compounds behaves as an acid in the presence of strong alkali
[Mar-2006]
a) primary
b) secondary
c) tertiary
d) both a and b
30.
31.
c) Dimetylamine
32.
[Sep-2010]
d) hydrozobenzene
[Sep-2009]
[Sep-2012]
d) Aniline
33.
34.
35.
Aniline reacts with benzoyl chloride in the presence of sodium hydroxide and gives benzanilide.
This reaction is known as
[Mar-2010]
a) Gattermann reaction
b) Sandmeyers reaction
c) Schotten-Baumann reaction
d) Gomberg-Bachmann reaction
36.
37.
[June-2009]
b) 1-nitropropane
d) 2-nitro-2-methylpropane
[June-2009]
d) Nitrite ion
Cu Cl / HCl
2
X. The compound X is
C6H5N2Cl 2
a) C6H5NH2
b) C6H5NHNH2
c) C6H5-C6H5
H PO / Cu
C6H5N2Cl 32
X + N2 + HCl. The compound X is
a) C6H5Cl
b) C6H5NHNH2
c) C6H6
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[Mar-2010]
d) C6H5Cl
[Mar-2012]
d) C6H5NO2
3 MARK
3.
p -BLOCK ELEMENTS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Draw the electronic structure [electron dot formula] of a) PCl 3 b) PCl5 c) H3PO3
d) H3PO4 e) H4P2O7 (Any 2)
[Sep-2008, Mar-2008, June-2011]
a) PCl3
PCl3 molecule has a pyramidal shape, which arises from sp3 hybridisation of phosphorus atom.
One of the tetrahedral positions is occupied by a lone pair of electrons.
xx
Cl
P
x
Cl
Cl
x-
Electron of P
- Electron of Cl
P
Cl
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Cl
Cl
b) PCl5
PCl5 molecule has trigonal bipyramidal shape in vapour state which arises from sp3d
hybridisation of phosphorus atom.
Cl
Cl
x
Cl
Cl
x
x
P
Cl
x-
Electron of P
- Electron of Cl
Cl
Cl
P
Cl
Cl
Cl
c) H3PO3
O
O
x-
Electron of P
- Electron of O
- Electron of H
xx
H Ox P
O H
P
OH
HO
H
d) H3PO4
O
O
xx
H Ox P
x-
Electron of P
- Electron of O
- Electron of H
O H
O
H
P
HO
OH
OH
e) H4P2O7
xx
H Ox P
xOx P
6.
xx
xxO
Electron of P
- Electron of O
- Electron of H
HO
P
OH
OH
OH
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7.
8.
PO
H2SO4
4 10
SO3 + H2O
2HNO3
4 10
N2O5 + H2O
PO
PO
9.
4 10
RCN + H2O
RCONH2
Amide
Nitrile
How will you prove that H3PO3 is a powerful reducing agent?
[June-2006] [June-2007 5Mark]
H3PO3 is a powerful reducing agent because it has P-H bond. It reduces silver nitrate solution into
silver.
2Ag + H3PO4 + 2HNO3
2AgNO3 + H2O + H3PO3
10.
11.
12.
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13.
523 K
2H3PO4
H4P2O7 + H2O
589 K
H4P2O7
2HPO3 + H2O
14.
Discuss the oxidising power of fluorine [June-2007, Sep-2011, June-2013] [Sep-2008 5Mark]
Oxidizing property of the halogen is due to high electron affinity of halogen atoms. The oxidizing
power decreases from fluorine to iodine. Fluorine is the strongest oxidising agent. It oxidises
other halide ions to halogens in solution or when dry.
2F + X2 (X = Cl , Br , I)
F2 + 2X
Halogen of low atomic number oxidises the halide ion of higher atomic number.
15.
16.
17.
18.
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19.
20.
9.
THERMODYNAMICS II
1.
q
T
S = entropy,
q = heat involved,
T = temperature of the process
Units of entropy:
cgs unit of entropy is cal K1 (or) eu
SI unit of entropy is J K1 (or) EU (1 eu = 4.184 EU)
2.
H vap
Tb
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3.
4.
5.
[Sep-2010]
7.
8.
9.
10.
[Sep-2011]
What is the entropy change of an engine that operates at 100C when 453.6 k.cal of
heat is supplied to it?
[Sep-2007, Sep-2009, June-2012]
q rev 453.6
=
=1.216 k Cal K1 = 1216 Cal K1
S rev =
373
T
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11.
For a chemical reaction the values of H and S at 300 K are 10 k Cal mol1 and 20 Cal
deg1mol1 respectively. What is the value of G of the reaction?
[June-2008, June-2010]
H = 10 k Cal mol1 = 10,000 Cal mol1
S = 20 Cal.deg1 mol1
G = H TS
= 10,000 (300 20)
= 16000 Cal mol1
12.
Calculate the molar heat of vapourisation of the ideal liquid CCl 4 (B.Pt 76.7oC and
S =87.864 J K-1 mol1)
[March-2008]
Svap =
H vap
Tb
Calculate the molar heat of vapourisation of the ideal liquid CHCl3 (B.Pt 61.5oC)
[March-2012]
Svap =
H vap
Tb
= 29.390 kJ mol1
14.
Calculate the change of entropy for the process, water (liq) to water (vapour, 373 K)
involving Hvap = 40850 J mol 1 at 373 K
[Mar-2010, Sep-2013]
Svap =
15.
H vap
Tb
40850
= 109.517 J K1 mol 1
373
Calculate the entropy change involved in the conversion of 1 mole of ice at 0oC and 1 atm to
liquid at 0oC and 1 atm. The enthalpy of fusion per mole of ice is 6008 J mol1 [Mar-2009]
0 C
H2O ( l )
H2O ( s )
Ice
water
Sfusion =
H fusion
Tm
Sfusion =
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6008
= 22.007 J K1 mol 1
273
16.
Calculate the maximum % efficiency possible from a thermal engine operating between
110C and 25C
[Mar-2011]
% efficiency
T
= 1 2 100
T1
298
= 1
100
383
= 22.2 %
17.
Calculate the entropy change for the following process possessing H(transition) =2090 Jmol1
1 mole Sn (, 13C) 1 mole Sn (, 13C)
[Mar-2013]
H transition 2090
=
= 7.307 J K1 mol 1
Ttransition
286
19.
CARBOXYLIC ACIDS
1.
2.
ii) CH 3COOH
Formula
Source
Trivial name
HCOOH
Red ant
Formic acid
CH3COOH
vinegar
Acetic acid
C3H7COOH
Butter
Butyric acid
C4H9COOH
Valeric acid
C11H23COOH
Laurel oil
Lauric acid
iii) C3H7COOH
[June-2007]
CH3 CO OH + H O C2H5
acetic acid
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ethyl alcohol
H+
3.
Formic acid reduces Tollen's reagent, but acetic acid does not-Give reason
[Sep-2007, Sep-2008, Sep-2009, Sep-2010, June-2012]
Formic acid is unique because it contains both an aldehyde group and carboxyl group. Hence it
can act as a reducing agent. It reduces Tollens reagent and Fehlings solution.
O
H
O
OH
OH
a) Formic acid reduces ammoniacal silver nitrate solution (Tollens reagent) to metallic silver.
CO2 + H2O + 2Ag (Metallic silver)
H-COOH + Ag2O
b) Formic acid reduces Fehlings solution. It reduces blue coloured cupric ions to red coloured
cuprous ions.
CO2 + H2O + Cu2O
H-COOH + 2CuO
Blue
Red
Since acetic acid does not contain aldehyde group, it does not reduce Tollen's reagent.
4.
H O
R C C OH
Br2 PBr3
H O
R C C Br
Br2 PBr3
R C C Br
H
Br O
Br O
H OH
R C C OH
H
5.
6.
OH
CH3 CH
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COOH
dil.H 2SO 4
CH3CHO + HCOOH
[Mar-2008]
7.
O
+
CH3
CH3
C2H5
OH
CH3
O C2H5 + CH3OH
Ethyl acetate
Methyl alcohol
8.
9.
OH
OH
H2SO4
+
+ H2O
H OCH3
COOCH3
CO OH
Methyl salicylate
Methyl salicylate is present in the oil of winter green.
10.
O
OH
+ CH 3 C O C CH 3
O
O
CH 3
+ CH3COOH
COOH
COOH
Acetyl salicylic acid or Aspirin
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11.
What happens when lactic acid is treated with PCl5? Write the equation
With PCl5 lactic acid forms lactyl chloride.
CH3 C H COOH
PCl5
OH
12.
[Mar-2012]
CH3 C H COCl
Cl
Lactyl chloride
13.
14.
15.
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[June-2010]
[June-2013]
5 MARK
2.
PERIODIC CLASSIFICATION II
1.
KCl crystal :
Na+ - 2, 8
F - 2, 8
K+ - 2, 8, 8
Cl - 2, 8, 8
Ne type configuration
Ar type configuration
3. The cations and anions of an ionic crystal are assumed to be in contact with each other and
hence the sum of their radii will be equal to the inter nuclear distance between them.
r(C+) + r(A) = d (C+A)
.. (1)
where
r(C+) - radius of cation, C+
r(A) - radius of anion, A
d(C+A) - internuclear distance between C+ and A ions in C+A ionic crystal
4. For a given noble gas configuration, the radius of an ion is inversely proportional to its
effective nuclear charge. i.e.
r(C+)
1
Z (C )
.. (2)
r(A)
1
Z (A )
.. (3)
where,
Z*(C+) & Z*(A) are the effective nuclear charges of cation (C+) and anion (A)
respectively.
On combining (2) & (3)
r(C )
Z* (A )
r(A )
Z* (C )
.. (4)
5. Hence the above two equations (1) & (4) can be used to evaluate the values of r(C+) and r(A)
provided that the values of d(C+A), Z*(C+) and Z*(A) are known.
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2.
3.
1
Size of atom
Smaller the size of an atom, greater is its electron affinity. As the size of atom increases, the
nuclear attraction for adding electron decreases. Consequently, atom will have less tendency to
attract additional electron towards itself.
2) Effective nuclear charge
Electron affinity Effective nuclear charge.
As the effective nuclear charge of atom increases, nuclear attraction for adding electron increases.
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1
Shielding effect
Electronic energy state, lying between nucleus and outermost state hinder the nuclear attraction
for incoming electron. Therefore, greater the number of inner lying state, less will be the electron
affinity.
4) Electronic Configuration
The electronic configurations of elements influence their electron affinities to a considerable
extent. Electron affinities of inert gases are zero. This is because their atoms have stable ns2 np6
configuration in their valence shell and there is no possibility for addition of an extra electron.
4.
Explain the Paulings scale for the determination of electronegativity [Mar-2008, Sep-2012]
This scale is based on an empirical relation between the energy of a bond and the
electronegativities of bonded atoms.
Consider a bond A-B between two dissimilar atoms A and B of a molecule AB. Let the bond
energies of A-A, B-B and A-B bonds be represented as EA-A, EB-B and EA-B respectively. It may
be seen that the bond dissociation energy of A-B is almost higher than the geometric mean of the
bond dissociation energies of A-A and B-B bonds i.e.,
EA-B >
E A A E B B
=EA-B
E A A E B B
= (XA XB)
0.208 = (XA XB)
Here, XA and XB are the electronegativities of A and B respectively. The factor 0.208 arises from
the conversion of Kcals to electron volt.
Considering arbitarily the electronegativity of hydrogen to be 2.1, Pauling calculated
electronegativities of other elements with the help of this equation.
Disadvantage of Pauling scale
The disadvantage of Paulings scale is that bond energies are not known with any degree of
accuracy for many solid elements.
Disadvantage of Mulliken scale:
Electron affinities with the exception of a few elements are not reliably known.
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5.
Representation
AB
AB+
Ionic bond
A B+
Example
H H
O -H + in H2O
Na+Cl
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Bond character
ionic character = 50%
covalent character =50%
ionic character < 50%
covalent character >50%
ionic character > 50%
covalent character <50%
Bond type
Representation
A B+
Predominantly covalent
AB
Predominantly ionic
A B+
17.
ETHERS
1.
Ethers
Alcohols
CH3O CH3
dimethyl ether
CH3CH2OH
ethyl alcohol
CH3CH2CH2OH
n-propyl alcohol
CH3OCH2CH3
Ethyl methyl ether
OH
C3H8O
CH3
CH
CH3
isopropyl alcohol
C4H10O
CH3CH2OCH2CH3
Diethyl ether
CH3CH2CH2CH2OH
n-butyl alcohol
CH3 OCH2CH2CH3
Methyl n-propyl ether
CH3 C H
CH3
Isobutyl alcohol
CH3 O CH CH3
OH
CH3
Methyl isopropyl ether
CH2 OH
CH3
CH2
CH
CH3
sec.butyl alcohol
CH3
CH3
OH
CH3
tert.butyl alcohol
ii) Metamerism
It is a special isomerism in which molecules with same formula, same functional group, differing
only in the nature of the alkyl group attached to oxygen.
CH3 O CH CH3
CH3
methyl n-propylether
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diethylether
methyl isopropylether
2.
2
4
b. Williamsons synthesis
Ethers are prepared by heating alkyl halides with sodium or potassium alkoxide.
c) PCl5
[Mar-2007, June-2011]
(O)
(C2H5)2O2
Diethyl peroxide
Diethyl peroxide is unstable and decomposes violently with explosion on heating. Hence ether
should not be evaporated to dryness.
b) dil.H2SO4
Ethers on boiling with water in presence dilute acids are hydrolysed to form alcohols.
C2H5OC2H5 + HOH
H SO
4 2 C2H5OH
2
Ethyl alcohol
c) PCl5
2C2H5 Cl + POCl3
C2H5OC2H5 + PCl5
Ethyl chloride
4.
How does diethyl ether react with PCl5, one equivalent of HI and excess of HI?
a) PCl5
2C2H5 Cl + POCl3
C2H5OC2H5 + PCl5
Ethyl chloride
b) With one equivalent of HI
C2H5OH + C2H5I
C2H5 O C2H5 + HI
Ethyl alcohol Ethyl iodide
c) With excess of HI
2C2H5I + H2O
C2H5 O C2H5 + 2HI
Ethyl iodide
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[Sep-2010]
5.
How do ethers react with HI? Give the significance of the reaction
With one equivalent of HI
[Mar-2006]
C2H5OH + CH3I
C2H5 O CH3 + HI
Halogen (I) prefers to attack the carbon atom of the smaller alkyl group.
With excess hot concentrated hydroidic acid
CH3I + C2H5I + H2O
CH3 O C2H5 + 2HI
This reaction is used in the Zeisels method of detection and estimation of alkoxy (especially
methoxy) group in natural products like alkaloids.
6.
NaOH
C6H5OCH3 + CH3HSO4
Anisole
Chemical properties
1. Anisole forms oxonium compounds with Lewis acids
AlCl3
C6H5_O_CH3
AlCl3
C6H5_O_CH3
BF3
C6H5_O_CH3
BF3
C6H5_O_CH3
2. Anisole reacts with hydroiodic acid to give phenol and methyl iodide
C6H5 _ O _ CH3
H _I
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C6H5OH + CH3I
OCH3
OCH3
NO2
con.HNO3
+
con.H2SO4
NO2
OCH3
OCH3
Br2
Br
+
Br
Uses of anisole
1. It is used in perfumery.
2. It is used as a starting material in organic synthesis.
7.
Aromatic ether
(Anisole)
Comparatively high boiling liquid
Aliphatic ether
(Diethyl ether)
Volatile liquid
Used in perfumery
Used as anaesthetic
Used as a solvent
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Hints:
Group
Period 4
10
11
12
Sc
Ti
Cr
Mn
Fe
Co
Ni
Cu
Zn
Ag
Au
Element
Cr
Cu
Ag
Au
Zn
Group
6
11
11
11
12
Period
4
4
5
6
4
Metallic compound
Potassium dichromate K2Cr2O7
Potassium chromate K2CrO4
Coppersulphate pentahydrate CuSO4.5H2O
(Blue Vitriol)
Silver nitrate AgNO3
(Lunar Caustic)
Zinc carbonate ZnCO3
(Calamine)
Zinc oxide ZnO
(Philosophers wool)
Purple of Cassius
(Colloidal gold)
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Colour
Silvery white metal
Reddish brown metal
White lustrous metal
Lustrous yellow metal
Bluish white metal
Colour
Orange red crystal
Yellow
Blue
White
White powder
White cloud
Purple or red
1.
An element (A) belongs to group number 11 and period number 4. (A) is a reddish brown
metal. (A) reacts with HCl in the presence of air and gives compound (B). (A) also reacts
with conc. HNO3 to give compound (C) with the liberation of NO2. Identify (A),(B) and (C).
Explain the reactions.
[Mar-2006, June-2011]
a)
b)
2CuCl2 + 2H2O
2Cu + 4HCl + O2
Compound (B) is CuCl2
c)
2.
Cu
CuCl2
Cu(NO3)2
copper
Cupric chloride
Cupric nitrate
Silver reacts with dil. HNO3 to give compound (A) which on heating at 723K gives (B). (B)
on further heating gives (C). Further compound (A) reacts with KBr and gives (D) which is
highly useful in photography. Identify (A),(B),(C) and (D) and explain the reactions.
[June-2006 , Mar-2009]
a)
3AgNO3 + NO + 2H2O
3Ag + 4HNO3 (dil)
Compound (A) is AgNO3
b)
2AgNO3
2AgNO2 + O2
Compound (B) is AgNO2
c)
AgNO2
Ag + NO2
Element (C) is Ag
d)
AgBr + KNO3
AgNO3 + KBr
Compound (D) is AgBr which is highly useful in photography.
723 K
980 K
A
B
C
D
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AgNO3
AgNO2
Ag
AgBr
Silver nitrate
Silver nitrite
Silver
Silver bromide
pH = log 10 [H ]
2.
3.
pH + pOH = 14
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
[salt]
[acid]
[salt]
[base]
C 2
1
= C
KaC
1 l
R a
9.
Specific conductance,
10.
11.
Specific conductance
12.
Equivalent conductance, C =
Cell constant
Resistance
10 3
mho cm2 (gm equiv) 1
N
C =
10
mho m2 (gm equiv) 1
N
13.
Molar conductance, C =
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10 3 mho m2 mol1
M
1.
What is the pH of a solution containing 0.5 M propionic acid and 0.5 M sodium
propionate? The Ka of propionic acid is 1.34 105. What happens to the pH of the solution
when volume is doubled by adding water?
[Mar-2006, June-2010]
[salt]
[acid]
[salt]
= log Ka + log
[acid]
pH
= pKa + log
0.5
0.5
[salt]
remains the same. So, there will be no change in pH of
[acid]
the solution.
2.
Find the pH of a buffer solution containing 0.20 mole per litre sodium acetate and 0.15 mole
per litre acetic acid. Ka for acetic acid is 1.8 105.
[June-2006, Sep-2006, Sep-2007, June-2011, Sep-2011]
[salt]
[acid]
[salt]
= log Ka + log
[acid]
pH
= pKa + log
0.20
0.15
Calculate the pH of a buffer solution containing 0.04 M NH 4Cl and 0.02 M NH4OH. For
NH4OH Kb is 1.8 105.
[Mar-2007]
pOH
[salt]
[base]
[salt]
= log Kb + log
[base]
= pKb + log
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0.04
0.02
Hints:
1.
2.
3.
Primary alcohols
No turbidity with Lucas reagent at room temperature
Give red colour in Victor Meyers test
Give aldehydes on oxidation and then carboxylic acid (same number of carbons)
Give aldehydes with Cu at 573 K (dehydrogenation)
4.
Secondary alcohols
Give turbidity with Lucas reagent at room temperature after 5 10 minutes
Give blue colour in Victor Meyers test
Give ketones on oxidation and then carboxylic acid
(Carboxylic acid contains one carbon less than alcohol)
Give ketones with Cu at 573 K (dehydrogenation)
5.
Tertiary alcohols
Give turbidity with Lucas reagent at room temperature immediately
Give no colour in Victor Meyers test
Give ketones on oxidation and then carboxylic acid
(Ketone contains one carbon less than alcohol & Carboxylic acid contains two carbons less
than alcohol)
Give alkene with Cu at 573 K (dehydration)
6.
Alcohols containing CH3CHOH- group answer haloform test (form iodoform with I2 / NaOH)
OH
CH3 CH2 OH
CH3 C H CH3
Ethyl alcohol
OH
CH3 CH2 C H CH3
sec.butyl alcohol
7.
Benzyl acetate (CH3COO CH2C6H5) has fragrance of jasmine and it is used in perfumery
8.
9.
10.
Phenol gives red orange dye with benzene diazonium chloride (Dye test)
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1.
An organic compound (A) of molecular formula C7H6O is not reduced by Fehlings solution
but will undergo Cannizaro reaction. Compound (A) reacts with aniline to give compound
(B). Compound (A) also reacts with Cl2 in the presence of catalyst to give compound (C).
Identify (A), (B) and (C) and explain the reactions. [Mar-2006]
i)
ii)
iii)
aniline
(A)
(B)
C7H6O
OH H
C6H5 C
C6H5 C + H N C6H5
- H2O
N C6H5
C6H5 C N C6H5
H
Schiffs base
Aniline
Benzaldehyde
(B)
(A)
iv)
(A)
Cl2 / catalyst
(C)
CHO
CHO
Cl2
FeCl3
Cl
Benzaldehyde
m - chloro benzaldehyde
(A)
A
(C)
C6H5CHO
C6H5 C
N C6H5
Benzaldehyde
Schiffs base
H
CHO
m-chlorobenzaldehyde
Cl
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2.
An organic compound (A) of molecular formula C3H8O gives turbidity within 5-10 minutes
on reaction with anhydrous ZnCl2/HCl. Compound (A) on treatment with sodium
hypochlorite gives a carbonyl compound (B) which on further chlorination gives compound
(C) of molecular formula C3H3OCl3. Identify (A), (B) and (C) and explain the reactions.
[Mar-2006]
i)
(A)
C3H8O
(A)
ii)
(A)
secondary alcohol
sodium hypochlorite
C3H8O
isopropyl alcohol
(B)
carbonyl compound
H
CH3 C
Sodium hypochlorite
OH + (O)
CH3 C
CH3
CH3
isopropyl alcohol
acetone
(B)
(A)
iii)
O + H2O
(B)
chlorination
(C)
C3H3OCl3
CH3-CO-CH3 + 3Cl2
CCl3-CO-CH3 + 3HCl
Acetone
Trichloro acetone
(C)
(B)
H
A
CH3 C
OH
Isopropyl alcohol
CH3
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CH3COCH3
Acetone
CCl3COCH3
Trichloro acetone
7.
(A)
C3H6O
ii)
LiAlH4
(A)
(B)
Reduction
(Isopropyl alcohol)
OH
O
CH3 C CH3 + 2[H]
LiAlH4
CH3 C H CH3
Acetone
Isopropyl alcohol
(A)
iii)
(B)
(B)
SOCl2
(C)
Alcoholic KOH
OH
(D)
Cl
CH3 C H CH3
SOCl2
Isopropyl alcohol
Isopropyl chloride
Propene
(B)
(C)
(D)
CH3COCH3
Acetone
OH
B
CH3 C H CH3
Isopropyl alcohol
Cl
C
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CH3 C H CH3
CH3-CH=CH2
Isopropyl chloride
Propene
40.
Compound (A) with molecular formula C2H4O reduces Tollens reagent. (A) on treatment
with HCN gives compound (B). Compound (B) on hydrolysis with an acid gives compound
(C) with molecular formula C3H6O3 which is an optically active compound. Compound (A)
on reduction with N2H4 / C2H5ONa gives a hydrocarbon (D) of molecular formula C2H6.
Identify (A),(B),(C), (D) and explain the reactions.
[Mar-2013]
i)
ii)
HCN
(A)
(B)
C2H4O
(C)
C3H6O3
optically active
CH3 C CN
CH3 C + HCN
(A)
H2O / H
CH3 C COOH
H
H
Acetaldehyde
(A)
iii)
OH
OH
Acetaldehyde cyanohydrin
(B)
Lactic acid
(C)
N2H4 / C2H5ONa
(D)
C2H6
Hydrocarbon
C2H4O
O
N2H4
CH3 C H
CH3 CH3
C2H5ONa
Ethane
Acetaldehyde
CH3-CHO
Acetaldehyde
OH
CH3 C CN
Acetaldehyde cyanohydrin
H
OH
CH3 C COOH
Lactic acid
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CH3-CH3
Ethane
41.
An organic compound (A) C3H8O with Lucas reagent gives turbidity after 5 10 minutes.
(A) with P / I2 gives (B). Compound (B) on treatment with silver nitrite gives (C) which gives
blue colour with nitrous acid. Identify (A),(B) and (C) and explain the reactions.
[Sep-2013]
i)
ii)
Lucas reagent
(A)
turbidity after 5-10 minutes
C3H8O
2o alcohol iso propyl alcohol
(A)
P / I2
AgNO2
(B)
CH3 CH
CH3
P/I2
HNO2
(C)
CH3 CH
OH
CH3
blue colour
AgNO2
CH3 CH
NO2
(A)
CH3
2-nitropropane
(C)
(B)
HO-N=O
N=O
CH3 C
CH3
NO2
Pseudo nitrol
Blue colour
CH3 CH
CH3
Isopropyl alcohol
OH
CH3 CH
CH3
Isopropyl iodide
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CH3 CH
NO2
CH3
2-nitro propane
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