ThesubstantianigraisagroupofdarkcoloreddopaminergiccellsMidBrainActivation.

Itis
protectedfromtheexternalenvironmentbythreebarriers:skullmeningesandcerebralspinalfluid.
Thecerebralhemispheresarepartiallyseparatefromeachotheralongthemidlinebythe
interhemisphericfissurethefalxcerebriPosteriorlythereisatransversefissurethatseparatesthe
cerebralhemispherefromthecerebellumandcontainsthetentoriumcerebellum.Thehypothalamus
alsocontrolsthepituitaryglandbysecretinghormoneswhichgivesthehypothalamusagreatdealof
controlovermanybodyfunctions.Thecranialandspinalnervescontainnervefibersthatconduct
informationtoafferentandfromefferenttheCNS.Infishesreptilesandbirdstheyarehollowand
onlytwoinnumbertheyrepresentthesuperiorcolliculiofmammalsandarefrequentlytermedthe
opticlobesbecauseoftheirintimateconnectionwiththeoptictracts.Thethalamushasmultiple
functions.Thefibersofthemediallemniscustakeorigininthegracileandcuneatenucleiofthe
medullaoblongataandasinternalarcuatefiberstheycrosstotheoppositesideinthesensory
decussation.Thecerebellumiscomprisedofsmalllobesandreceivesinformationfromthebalance
systemoftheinnerearsensorynervesandtheauditoryandvisualsystems.Theuppersurfaceofthe
superiortemporalgyruswhichextendsintothelateralfissureiscalledthetransversetemporalgyrus
andistheprimaryauditorycortex.
Thenucleiofthe3rdthe4thandpartofthe5tharelocatedintheMidbraintegmentumMidBrain
Activation.Theponsapartofthebrainstemcontainstheoriginsofthefifthsixthseventhandeighth
cranialnerves.ThethreemainstructuresjustdescribedtheforebrainMidbrainandhindbrainevolved
indifferentperiodsofhumanprehistory.Thetemporallobeliesventraltothelateralsulcusandonits
lateralsurfaceitdisplaysthreediagonalorientedconvolutionsthesuperiormiddleandinferior
temporalgyri.Theinferiorbrachiumpassesforwardandupwardfromtheinferiorcolliculusand
disappearsundercoverofthemedialgeniculatebody.Embeddeddeepwithinthewhitematterare
aggregatesofneuronsexhibitinggraycolorandknownassubcorticalnuclei.Portionsofthe
Midbraincalledtherednucleusandthesubstantianigraareinvolvedinthecontrolofbody
movementMidBrainActivationForAdults.Thecerebellumlittlebrainisthesecondlargestregion
ofthebrain.TheCSFisproducedbythechoroidplexuswhichiscomposedofaspecializedsecretory
ependymallayerlocatedintheventricularsystem.Thickermediallythanlaterallyitreachesfromthe
oculomotorsulcustothelateralsulcusandextendsfromtheuppersurfaceoftheponstothe
subthalamicregionitsmedialpartistraversedbythefibersoftheoculomotornerveasthesestream
forwardtoreachtheoculomotorsulcus.
Thehypothalamusaffectsbodytemperatureappetitewaterbalancepituitarysecretionsemotionsand
autonomicfunctionsincludingcyclesofwakingandsleeping.TheReticularFormationcontrol
arousalMidBrainActivationForAdults.Otherprominentstructuresinthemedullaaretheinferior
oliveandtheinferiorcerebellarpeduncle.Theoccipitallobeisatthebackofthehemisphereandis
involvedininterpretingvisualstimulithatiswhatweseeMidBrainActivation.Onceyoulearnhow
toaccesstheinterbrainyoucanbecomeasuperhuman.Thecerebralcortexcanbedividedintofour
sectionswhichareknownaslobesseeimageaboveMidBrainActivationForAdults.The
frontopontinefibersaresituatedinthemedialfifthofthebasetheyarisefromthecellsofthefrontal
lobeandendinthenucleiofthepons.Thesuperiorcolliculusiscoveredbyathinstratumofwhite
fibersthemajorityofwhicharederivedfromtheoptictract.Theponshassomecontrolofrespiratory
functionandcontainsthenucleiofCranialnervesVthroughVIIIMedullawhichtransmits
informationforthecoordinationofheadandeyemovementcontainscardiacvasomotorand
respiratorycenters.WhenviewedincrosssectiontheMidbraincanbedividedintothreeportions:
Sittingposteriorlythetectumiscomposedofthetectalquadrigeminalplateandsuperiorandinferior
colliculiMidBrainActivation.
Themeningesaresubjecttoviralandbacterialinfectionknownasmeningitisalifethreatening
conditionthatrequiresimmediatemedicaltreatment.Thecranialnervesleavetheskullandthespinal
cordnervesleavethevertebraethroughopeningsinthebonecalledforaminaMidBrainActivation
ForAdults.Thebasalgangliaisfoundinthewhitematter.Midbrainalsocalledmesencephalon
regionofthedevelopingvertebratebraincontainingcranialnervesthatstimulatethemuscles

controllingeyemovementlensshapeandpupildiameter.Theventrallongitudinalbundleconsistsfor
themostpartofthetectospinalfasciculusandarisesfromthesuperiorcolliculusthefibersarch
ventrallyaroundthecentralgraymatterandcrossthemidlineinthefountaindecussationofMeynert
MidBrainActivationForAdults.TheMidbraintectumisformedbytwopairsofrounded
structures:thesuperiorandinferiorcolliculi.StructureoftheCerebralPeduncles.Caudallythe
diencephaloniscontinuouswiththetegmentumoftheMidbrain.Thisprogressiveillnessdevelops
whendopamineproducingnervecellsintheparscompactadieoffinlargenumbers.Theinsulais
characterizedbyseverallonggyriandsulcithegyribrevesandgyrilongi.
7EisasectiontakenatthelevelofthejunctionoftheMidbrainwiththediencephalon.Theaxonsof
itslargercellscrossthemiddlelineandarecontinueddownwardintothelateralfuniculusofthe
medullaspinalisastherubrospinaltractthoseofitssmallercellsendmainlyinthethalamus.The
Cerebellumhelpsuscoordinateourbalanceandfinemusclemovements.Thespinalcordwhitematter
issubdividedintotheposteriorwhitecolumntheanteriorwhitecolumnandthelateralwhitecolumn.
ParietalIntelligencereasoningtellingrightfromleftlanguagereadingandsensation.Themedulla
helpscontrolourheartratebloodpressureandbreathing.Therearetwolateralventriclesoneineach
cerebralhemisphere.AccordingtoEdingeritextendstothesocallednucleusoftheposterior
longitudinalbundleinthehypothalamicregionbutthisisuncertainandthefibersabovethenucleus
oftheoculomotoraresmallerindiameterthantherestofthebundle.TheCSFservestosupportthe
CNSandtocushionaswellasprotectitfromphysicalshockandtraumaMidBrainActivation.OK
letsbreakthebraindownintothreeareasthehindbrainMidbrainandforebrain.
Itcontinuesfromthecerebrumaboveandconnectstothespinalcordbelow.Itisprobablyconcerned
inopticreflexes.Thereceptororgansarescatteredinallpartsofthebodysenseandperceivechanges
fromexternalandinternalorgansthentransformthisinformationtoelectricalsignalswhichare
carriedviaanextensivenervousnetworktotheCNS.Thecerebrospinalfibersderivedfromthecells
ofthemotorareaofthecerebralcortexoccupythemiddlethreefifthsofthebasetheyarecontinued
partlytothenucleiofthemotorcranialnervesbutmainlyintothepyramidsofthemedullaoblongata
MidBrainActivationForAdults.CerebrospinalfluidcushionstheCNSfromdamageMidBrain
ActivationForAdults.Thedeephumanconsciousnesscontrolstheinterbrain.Fromanevolutionary
perspectivethehindbrainistheoldestpartofourbrainandislocateddeepwithinourheadandontop
ofourspinalcord.Transverseorcrosssectionsofthespinalcordofhumansaretakeninaplane
perpendiculartothevertical.ItconsistsoftheamygdalatheseptumandthehippocampusMidBrain
ActivationForAdults.Bothofthesecranialnervesprovideinnervationformotormovementsofthe
eyes.
nthehumancerebrumthereisasectioncalledtheinterbrainthatliesbetweentheleftandright
hemispheresMidBrainActivation.Themetencephalonincludestheponsandthecerebellum.One
functionistoprocesssensoryinformationandrelayittothecortex.Itisseparatedfromtheinnerpia
layerbysubarachnoidspacewhichisfilledwithcerebrospinalfluidMidBrainActivationFor
Adults.Fibersaresaidtopassthroughthemediallongitudinalfasciculusfromthenucleusofthe
abducentnerveintotheoculomotornerveoftheoppositesideandthroughthisnervetotheRectus
medialisoculi.Thisstructureisassociatedwithregulationandcoordinationofmovementpostureand
balance.Thecerebellumisassumedtobemucholderthanthecerebrumevolutionarily.Manyofthe
fibersariseinDeiterssnucleusanddivideintoascendinganddescendingbrancheswhichsend
terminalsandcollateralstothemotornucleiofthecranialandspinalnerves.Thetegmentumis
continuousbelowwiththereticularformationoftheponsandlikeitconsistsoflongitudinaland
transversefiberstogetherwithaconsiderableamountofgraysubstance.Itconnectswithallpartsof
thebrainandbrainstem.