42 Pile Foundation

PILE FOUNDATION
Page 42 - 1
42
TANK SUPPORT
Christy
15:00
06/24/15
80' Driven Length, 24" Piling

ENGINEERING with the SPREADSHEET
Copyright 2006 American Society of Civil Engineers
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SUMMARY for TANK and FOUNDATION

tare
741 k
tank
test
6254 k
water weight
LN2
5012 k
liquid weight full
test
Normal
W contents
6995 k
5753 k
4200 k
tank + weight at test

normal max operating weight
contents that move w/ tank during an event
diameter
area
q operate
53 ft
2206 ft2
2.61 k/ft2
approximate loaded diameter

(53 /2)^2 * PI()
Normal /area
3.5' Elevated Deck

h
3.5 ft
DL
1839 k
area
3503 ft2
from AutoCAD massprop calculations

1,839 /(42 /12 * 0.15)
60'
row 20
3.5' deck
15'
4' cap
Piling
Top
row 30
1.59 k
24" x 1/2" wall steel casing

0.5 * 24 * PI() /144 * 485 * 12.5 /1000
5.89 k
concrete top 12.5'

12^2 * PI() /144 * 0.15 * 12.5
7.48 k
per arbitrary 12.5' trib length of composite pile
21 each
157 k
above the pile cap

sum of piling weight above pile cap
Figure 42-1 Tank and structure elevation.

columns
4.0' Pile Cap

h
DL
gross opr
row 40
wt steel
wt conc.
4 ft
2102 k
5753
1839
157
2102
k
k
k
k
sum
9851 k
sum
11093 k
1k
tank + contents operating weight Liquid

top deck
columns
pile cap
485 lb/ft3
150 lb/ft3
1000 lbs
row 50
operating load to bottom of pile cap

test load H2O
A flat bottom 60 foot diameter, 60 foot tall, liquid nitrogen storage tank
is supported on a pile foundation at 15' above grade.
Pile foundation and pedestal structure to support:
Tank and contents normal operating weight of 5,753,000 lbs.
Test weight of 6,995,000 Lbs.
Life of the structure is 30 years.
Planar tilt is limited to 1/2" in 60' during the life of the structure. Out-of-plane, differential
settlement is limited to 1/8" in 30' and 1/4" in 60' during the life of the structure.'
row 60
PILE FOUNDATION
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Settlements will govern this design as much or more than seismic and wind forces.
row 70
PILE FOUNDATION
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DESIGN LOADS for FRAME ANALYSIS PROGRAM

This frame is an elastic ordinary moment resiting frame. The design is for elastic
response only and does not use yielding of any member for energy absorbtion.
The value of R for ordinary moment resisting frames is the same as
the R for elevated tanks on unbraced legs.
Estimate story shear (V story) to the top of the pile cap
Ca
0.36
factor for vertical accelerations
I
V
estimate
C factor
tank
W contents
1.25
0.304 *W
1
1.1
importance factor
from seismic worksheet
estimated redundancy factor
'97 UBC 1612.2.2.1 Exception 2
for concrete columns
seismic
DL shear ult
741
row 80
Structure Movement
33.85
5012
weight
741
32.1 ft CG of effective
contents mass
5012
1183 k ASD API calculations
1656 k ult
and tank
E tank and contents
692
49.10
deck
1839
1839
769
11.5
15.25
col/piles
157
15.0
157
66
2102
row 100
springs
V story
7749
pile cap
2102
9851
1527 k ult
to top of deck
inflection
879
restraint
2405 k ult
approximate DL +
Liquid to top of piling
Figure 42-2 Tank and structure with seismic forces.
Check Redundancy
Overly simplify the model: apply loads to the nodes of the mid-line frame.
Area
3503 ft2
row 110
surface area of the deck and/or the pile cap
Redundancy factor for an ordinary moment frame ASCE 7-02 9.5.2.4.2

Item 3
any two adjacent column shears / story shear
column 4
column 7
sum cols
V story
110 k ult
112 k ult
222
1527 k ult
from preliminary frame analysis
0.145
222 / 1,527 ratio of any two adjacent column shears to the sum of all column shears
112 + 110
-0.324 2 - 20 / (rmax x Ax ) 1.0 1.5 max

2 - 20 /[0.145 3,503^0.5 ]
row 120
PILE FOUNDATION
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1 unitless
274483639.xls
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minimum required redundancy factor

row 130
PILE FOUNDATION
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EXTEND PILING THROUGH PILE CAP to DECK

Pile Lateral Resistance
82
45 piling total
Pile lateral
90 k
pile @ 14'
17 each
82 k/each
1387 k
at 8 diameters through 1" deflection
82
82
82
82
82
82
82
82
82
82
82
82
82
82
82
Structue
Earth Movement
pile @ 7'
pile sum
soil lat
face
depth
soil p
28 each
52 k/each
1457 k
2843 k service pile soil lateral
250
78
4
156
pcf
ft
ft
k
82
Figure 42-3 This is the piling plan view.
row 150
pile cap resistance
90 k
52 k
pile cap
2999 k ASD
V pile cap
2405 k ult
compare
1 logic
1718 k ASD
V pile cap
sum soil and pile lateral resist

16 k
from calculations above
22.5
82 k
14 ft
7 ft
6 k
Figure 42-4 Piling lateral resistance -- spacing
2,405 /1.4 = 1,718 < 2,999
OK
versus capacity.
row 160
structure seismic movement
Piling below the pile cap is considered to be buoyant.

Top of piling fixed within pile cap.
grade
top moment at pile cap

spring / soil
200 k-ft
Spring restraint to resemble soil lateral resistance applied at

soil/pile cap interface.
Concrete and rebar cage top 25' of pile.
row 170
The deck is designed as a two-way slab supported by 21 columns.
For this analysis, S-Frame 3D finite analysis program was
used to calculate moments, axial loads, and deflections along
the midline of the structure.
0.25 * top moment

50 k-ft
Figure 42-5 Piling applied moments under seismic
forces.
row 180
PILE FOUNDATION
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LOADS to DECK MID-LINE

Design for the '97 UBC ultimate strength of columns. Spring values at grade are given an arbitrary factor of 1.0.
E = Eh + Ev = V D + 0.5 Ca I D
E
horizontal component
1.0 * 1,527 * 1.1
1679
multiply this by 1.1 for concrete '97 UBC 1612.2.2.1 Exception 2
+
+
vertical component
0.5 * 0.360 * 1.25 * 9,851 * 1.1
2438
row 200
Basic Load Combinations '97 UBC 1612

ratio
0.238
= 5 mid-line columns /21 columns total
D
2345
400
vertical component
581
Create load cases for D, Eh, and Ev where:

hence:
Eh
note that D = D + stored liquid
Eh / D
0.170 * D
row 210
400 /2,345
and
Ev
Ev / D
0.248 * D
581 /2,345
Per '97 UBC

(12-1)
1.4 D
(12-5)
1.2 D
1.0 Eh
1.0 Ev
(12-6)
0.9 D
1.0 Eh
1.0 Ev
The load cases are:

1 (12-1)
row 220
1.4 D
2 (12-5)
1.2 D
0.170 D horizontal
1.0 E per API calc
0.248 D vertical
3 (12-6) a
4 (12-6) b
0.9 D
0.9 D
+
+
0.170 D horizontal
0.170 D horizontal
+
+
1.0 E per API calc

1.0 E per API calc
+
-
0.248 D vertical
0.248 D vertical
row 230
row 240
PILE FOUNDATION
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row 250
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SUMMARY of LOADS to DECK MID-LINE for FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS

Input D + stored liquid for these nodes:
1,656 * 0.238 ultimate load
394 API Calculations
nodes
22
node
15 at CG of tank and contents
ratio
0.238
tank + LN2
5753
1370 for tank + LN2 as DL only
deck
columns
sum
1839
79
1918
sum
7671
horizontal
vertical
nodes
23
for vertical loads including tank, LN2, deck, columns
row 260
457 1,918 * 0.238 for horizontal loads

457 + 1,370
1826 7,671 * 0.238 for vertical loads including tank, LN2, deck, and columns
57
228
3
114
457
6
114
457
12
114
457
18
57 k
228
21 node
457
1826
row 270
columns
pile cap
79
2102
2181
sum
nodes
spring resistance
519
43
2
82
87
5
52
87
8
52
87
11
52
87
14
52
87
17
52
43 k
20
82 k/inch
519
row 280
nodes
13
16
19
row 290
row 300
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row 310
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LOADS to DECK MID-LINE by CASE and LOAD COMBINATIONS per '97 UBC
Load combinations are:
1
(12-1)
1.4 x Case 1 D only
node
1.4 D
node
2
(12-5)
1.448 x Case 1 D
0.148 x Case 2 E
1.0 x Case 3 E API
node
1.448 x Case 1 D
0.148 x Case 2 E
node
1.2 D
3
(12-6) a
1.148 x Case 1 D
0.148 x Case 2 E
1.0 x Case 3 E API
node
1.448 x Case 1 D
0.148 x Case 2 E
node
0.9 D
4
(12-6) b
0.652 x Case 1 D
0.148 x Case 2 E
1.0 x Case 3 E API
node
0.652 x Case 1 D
0.148 x Case 2 E
node
0.9 D
228
3
457
6
43
2
87
5
+
228
57
3
43
43
2
+
228
57
3
43
43
2
+
228
57
3
43
43
2
457
12
87
8
87
11
0.170 D horizontal
457
114
394
6
15
87
87
87
87
5
8
0.170 D horizontal
457
114
394
6
15
87
87
87
87
5
8
0.170 D horizontal
457
114
394
6
15
87
87
87
87
5
8
87
14
457
18
228
21
87
17
43
20
row 320
0.248 D vertical
457
114
12
87
87
11
87
87
14
457
114
228 where: 1.2 + 0.248

57
18
87
87
17
21
43 where: 1.2 + 0.248
43
20
457
114
228 where: 0.90 + 0.248

57
18
87
87
17
21
43 where: 0.90 + 0.248
43
20
457
114
228 where: 0.90 0.248

57
0.248 D vertical
457
114
12
87
87
11
87
87
14
0.248 D vertical
457
114
12
87
87
11
87
87
14
18
87
87
17
21
43 where: 0.90 0.248
43
20
row 350
Axial and moment forces were generated from a subsequent computer run.
These loads are:
axial
moment
460 k ult
1174 k ult
row 360
PILE FOUNDATION
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row 370
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LOADS to DECK MID-LINE USING ASCE 7-02 STRENGTH DESIGN

This frame is an elastic ordinary moment resisting frame.
.
1.0 unitless
SDS
from above
short period spectral response 9.4.1.2.5-1
Cs
0.719 g ult
0.299 g ult
9851 k
from above
Vert story
1417 k ult
2945 k ult
0.2 * 0.719 * 9,851
seismic response coefficient 9.5.5
row 380
V story
0.299 * 9,851
Basic Load Combinations ASCE 7-02

ratio
0.238
D
2345
0.238 * 9,851
701
0.238 * 2,945
vertical component
337
0.238 * 1,417
ratioed loads
row 390
E1
QE + 0.2 SDS D
Case 5 2.3.2
1.2 D
2815 vertical
1.2 * 2,345
E2
QE
- 0.2 SDS D
Case 8 2.3.2
0.9 D
2111 vertical
0.9 * 2,345
Eq. 9.5.2.7 - 1
E1
701 horizontal
1.0 * 701
0.2 SDS D
0.2 SDS D
337 vertical
337
Eq. 9.5.2.7 - 2
E2
701 horizontal
1.0 * 701
row 400
337 vertical
337
Create load cases for D, QE, and 0.2 SDS D

where:
QE /D =
701 /2,345 =
0.299 * D
and
0.2 SDS D /D =
337 /2,345 =
0.144 * D
These factors are to be used in the computer finite element analysis "Load Combinations."
row 410
The load cases are:

1 D only
1.4 D
2 5 2.3.2
1.2 D
0.299 D horizontal
1.0 E per API calc
0.299 D vertical
3 8 2.3.2 a
4 8 2.3.2 b
0.9 D
0.299 D horizontal
1.0 E per API calc
0.144 D vertical
0.9 D
0.299 D horizontal
1.0 E per API calc
0.144 D vertical
row 420
These results are slightly less conservative than the '97 UBC results above
PILE FOUNDATION
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LOADS to DECK MID-LINE USING ASCE 7-05 STRENGTH DESIGN for Comparison
This frame is an elastic ordinary moment resisting frame.
.
SDS
1.00 unitless
from above
Cs
0.719 g ult
0.299 g ult
short period spectral response 9.4.1.2.5-1

seismic response coefficient 9.5.5
9851 k
from above
Vert story
V story
1417 k ult
2945 k ult
0.2 * 0.719 * 9,851 7-05 0.2 SDS D 12.4-4 and 12.14-6

0.299 * 9,851 7-05 V = Cs W 12.8-1
row 440
Basic Load Combinations ASCE 7-05 Where 12.4.2.3 is used in lieu of 2.3.2
ratio
0.238
D
2345
0.238 * 9,851
701
0.238 * 2,945
vertical component
337
0.238 * 1,417
ratioed loads
row 450
Case 5
(1.2 + 0.2 SDS) D + QE + L + 0.2 S

1.2 D
2815 vertical
1.2 * 2,345
Case 6
E5
701 horizontal
1.0 * 701
0.2 SDS D
337 vertical
337
- 0.2 SDS D
337 vertical
337
(0.9 - 0.2 SDS) D + QE + 1.6 H

0.9 D
2111 vertical
0.9 * 2,345
E6
701 horizontal
1.0 * 701
row 460

where:
and
QE /D =
0.2 SDS D /D =
701 /2,345 =
337 /2,345 =
0.299 * D
0.144 * D
row 470
These factors are to be used in the computer finite element analysis "Load Combinations."
The load cases are:

1 D only
1.4 D
2 Case 5
1.2 D
0.299 D horizontal
1.0 E per API calc
0.299 D vertical
3 Case 6
0.9 D
0.299 D horizontal
1.0 E per API calc
0.144 D vertical
row 480
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row 490
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GENERATE ASD ASCE 7-02 LOADS for DEFLECTION CALCULATIONS
1.0 unitless
SDS
from above
0.719 g ult
0.299 g ult
short period spectral response
Cs
D
9851 k
from above
Vert story
1417 k ult
2945 k ult
0.2 * 9,851 * 0.719
V story
seismic response coefficient
9,851 * 0.299
row 500
Basic Load Combinations ASCE 7-02

ratio
0.238
D
2345
E1
701
QE + 0.2 SDS D
vertical component
337
Eq. 9.5.2.7 - 1
row 510
Case 5 2.4.1
E2
1.0 D
2345 vertical
QE
Case 8 2.4.1
- 0.2 SDS D
0.6 D
1407 vertical
0.7 E1
491 horizontal
0.2 SDS D
337 vertical
Eq. 9.5.2.7 - 2
0.7 E2
491 horizontal
0.2 SDS D
337 vertical
row 520
Note that the reciprocal of 0.7 is

approximately 1.4. This is the standard
where:
QE /D =
491 /2,345 =
0.209 * D
way to reduce LRFD seismic to
and
0.2 SDS D /D =
337 /2,345 =
0.144 * D
ASD levels.
The load cases are:
row 530
1 5 2.4.1
2 8 2.4.1 a
1.0 D
0.209 D horizontal
0.144 D vertical
0.6 D
0.209 D horizontal
0.144 D vertical
3 8 2.4.1 b
0.6 D
0.209 D horizontal
0.144 D vertical
Use these applied strength design (ASD) loads to compute deflections in the computer finite element analysis
"Load Combinations."
row 540
PILE FOUNDATION
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GENERATE ASD ASCE 7-05 LOADS for DEFLECTION CALCULATIONS for Comparison
SDS
1.0 unitless
from above
0.719 g ult
0.299 g ult
short period spectral response
Cs
D
9851 k
from above
QE
2945 k ult
9,851 * 0.299
seismic response coefficient
where QE = V
row 550
Basic Load Combinations ASCE 7-05 Where 12.4.2.3 is used in lieu of 2.4.1
ratio
0.238
D
2345
Case 5
701
(1.0 + 0.14 SDS) D + H + F + 0.7 QE

0.7 QE
1.0 D
+
2345 vertical
Case 6
0.2 SDS D
row 560
337 vertical
(1.0 + 0.105 SDS) D + H + F + 0.525 QE + 0.75 L + 0.75 (L r or S or R)

0.525 QE
0.105 SDS D
1.0 D
+
+
2345
Case 8
491 horizontal
368
177
(1.0 - 0.14 SDS) D + 0.7 QE + H

0.6 D
1407 vertical
+
+
0.7 QE
491 horizontal
0.14 SDS D
row 570
236 vertical
Note that the reciprocal of 0.7 is

approximately 1.4. This is the standard
way to reduce LRFD seismic to
ASD levels.
The load cases are:
1 Case 5
2 Case 6
3 Case 8
1.0 D
0.6 D
0.6 D
+
+
+
0.209 D horizontal
0.157 D horizontal
0.209 D horizontal
+
+
0.144 D vertical
0.075 D vertical
0.101 D vertical
row 580
Use these applied strength design (ASD) loads to compute deflections in the computer finite element analysis
"Load Combinations."
row 590
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row 600

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PILE FOUNDATION

80' Driven Length, 24" Piling

SUMMARY for TANK and FOUNDATION

tank + weight at test

approximate loaded diameter

3.5' Elevated Deck

from AutoCAD massprop calculations

24" x 1/2" wall steel casing

concrete top 12.5'

per arbitrary 12.5' trib length of composite pile

above the pile cap

Figure 42-1 Tank and structure elevation.

4.0' Pile Cap

tank + contents operating weight Liquid

operating load to bottom of pile cap

80' Driven Length, 24" Piling

80' Driven Length, 24" Piling

DESIGN LOADS for FRAME ANALYSIS PROGRAM

surface area of the deck and/or the pile cap

Redundancy factor for an ordinary moment frame ASCE 7-02 9.5.2.4.2

from preliminary frame analysis

-0.324 2 - 20 / (rmax x Ax ) 1.0 1.5 max

80' Driven Length, 24" Piling

minimum required redundancy factor

80' Driven Length, 24" Piling

EXTEND PILING THROUGH PILE CAP to DECK

at 8 diameters through 1" deflection

pile cap resistance

sum soil and pile lateral resist

Piling below the pile cap is considered to be buoyant.

top moment at pile cap

Spring restraint to resemble soil lateral resistance applied at

0.25 * top moment

80' Driven Length, 24" Piling

80' Driven Length, 24" Piling

LOADS to DECK MID-LINE

multiply this by 1.1 for concrete '97 UBC 1612.2.2.1 Exception 2

Basic Load Combinations '97 UBC 1612

Create load cases for D, Eh, and Ev where:

note that D = D + stored liquid

Per '97 UBC

The load cases are:

1.0 E per API calc

1.0 E per API calc

80' Driven Length, 24" Piling

80' Driven Length, 24" Piling

SUMMARY of LOADS to DECK MID-LINE for FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS

for vertical loads including tank, LN2, deck, columns

457 1,918 * 0.238 for horizontal loads

80' Driven Length, 24" Piling

80' Driven Length, 24" Piling

228 where: 1.2 + 0.248

228 where: 0.90 + 0.248

228 where: 0.90 0.248

80' Driven Length, 24" Piling

80' Driven Length, 24" Piling

LOADS to DECK MID-LINE USING ASCE 7-02 STRENGTH DESIGN

0.2 * 0.719 * 9,851

seismic response coefficient 9.5.5

Basic Load Combinations ASCE 7-02

Create load cases for D, QE, and 0.2 SDS D

The load cases are:

1.0 E per API calc

1.0 E per API calc