HOTS

RAY OPTICS

1 Mark
Q1.

How does the focal length of a convex lens change if monochromatic red
light is used instead of monochromatic blue light?

Q2.

How many angles of incidence are possible when the angle of deviation is
minimum?

Q3.

The lens shown in the figure is made of two different transparent materials.
A point object is placed on its axis. How many images of the object will be
formed?

Q4.

The graph shows the variation of the angle of deviation with the angle of
incidence for the two glass prism A & B. which glass prism has the larger
refractive index?

Q5.

A simple microscope using single lens often shows colored image of a white
source. Why?

Q6.

A concave lens is immersed in a liquid and image formed is shown in the

figure. Whose refractive index is greater, glass or the liquid?

Q7.

Why focal lengths of the eye piece and objective both should be short in the
case of a compound microscope?

Q8.

You are given 3 lenses having powers as P1=6D, P2=3D & P3=12D. Which
two of these lenses will you select to construct a microscope?

2 Marks
Q1

Draw the graph showing the variation of v with u for a convex lens.

Q2

A boy, 1.50m tall with his eye level at 1.38m, stands before a mirror fixed
on a wall. Indicate by means of a ray diagram, how the mirror should be
positioned so that he can view himself fully. What should be the minimum
length of the mirror?

Q3

How is an optical fibre a better device than a coaxial cable?

Q4

A small plane mirror is attached to the suspension wire of moving coil

galvanometer. When the light from a lamp falls on the mirror, it retraces the
path and puts a spot on the screen, 1.5m away from the mirror. What is the
displacement of the spot if the coil deflects 3.5o?

5. A thin double convex lens of focal length f is broken into two equal halves at the
axis. The two halves are combined as shown in figure. What is the focal length of
combination in (ii) and (iii).

3 Marks
Q1. Two lenses of power -15D and 5D are in contact with each other
a) What is focal length of this combination?
b) An object of size 4cm is placed at 20cm from this combination. Calculate
position and size of image.
Q2. The principle section of Glass prism is an isosceles PQR with PQ=PR. The
face PR is silvered. A ray is incident perpendicularly on face PQ and after
two reflections it emerges from base QR normal to it. Find angle QPR of
Prism.
Q3. The resolution limit of eye is 1minute at a distance of r km from the eye, two
person stands with a lateral separation of 3m. Calculate the distance r so that
the two persons are just resolved by the naked eye.
Q4. An astronomical telescope consist of two thin lens set 36cm apart and has a
magnifying power 8. Calculate the focal length of the lens.

Q5. A fish at a depth of 7cm below the surface of water sees the outside world
through a circular horizon. What is the radius of the circular horizon?
Refractive index of water w.r.t. air is 4/3.

Answers : Ray Optics

1 Mark
1.

1/f = (n2/n1-1)(1/r1-1/r2)

2.

one

3.

two

4.

for B

5.

Due to chromatic ab

6.

R.I.of liquid is greater than R.I. of glass.

7.

Angular magnification of eye piece is (1+D/fe). Hence fe should be small and

angular magnification of objective is approx. v/fo , so fo should be small.
M 1/fofe pepo

8.

High power lenses are required for objective and eye piece but po>pe hence
p3 is selected as objective and p1 as eyepiece.

2 Marks
1

2.

Top of mirror make

=( 1.5+1.38)/3
=1.44m mark
Bottom of mirror mark
=( 1.38+0)/2
=0.69m mark
height of the mirror
=1.44-0.69 = 0.75 m

3. Characteristic of optical fiber (no loss of energy and no external

interference).
4. When mirror is deflected by then reflected light is deflected by 2
i.e. sos=7o=(3.14*7)/180rad.
=ss/os
(3.14*7)/180=ss/1.5
ss=18.4cm
5. i) infinite

ii) f/2

3 Marks
1 Apply formula of combination of thin lenses
P = P1 + P2
f = 1/P
Also , 1/f = 1/v 1/u .
2. + 2 = 180o
also , = 2
therefore , 5 =180o

 = 36o
3.

= x/r
= 1 = 1/600 = 1/60 /180 rad.
r = x/ = 3 60 180 /

=10.3 km

4.

M.P.=fo / fe
8 = fo / fe
8fe + fe = 36
fe = 4cm

fo = 32cm
5. sinc = 1/
Sinc = 3/4

& fo + fe = L
&

fo +fe =36

c =sin-1(0.75) = 48.59o
also, tanc=r/7
r = 3cm.

WAVE OPTICS
1 Mark
Q1:

A partially plane polarised beam of light is passed through a polaroid. Show

graphically the variation of the transmitted light intensity with angle of
rotation of the Polaroid.

Q2:

Soap bubble shows beautiful colours in sun light. Why?

Q3:

Coloured spectrum is observed, whenwe see through a muslin cloth. Why?

Q4:

Why value of the Brewster angle for transparent medium is different for
light of different colours?

Q5:

Why is diffraction effect more predominant through the slit formed by two
blades than by slit formed by two fingers?

Q6:

Why is light from two individual sources of equal wavelength is incoherent?

Q7:

Which principle is used in L.C.D (liquid crystal display) in T.V &

computers?

Q8.

How is the intensity of scattered light related to the wavelength of light?

2 Marks
Q1:

Two towers on top of two hills are 40km apart. The line joining them passes
40m above a hill halfway between the towers. What is the largest
wavelength of radio waves, which can be sent between the towers without
appreciable diffraction effects?

Q2:

Laser light of wavelength 630nm incident on a pair of slits produces an

interference pattern in which the bright fringes are separated by 8.1nm. A
second light produces an interference pattern in which the fringes are
separated by 7.2mm. Calculate the wavelength of the second light.

Q3:

Name any two characteristics of light which do not change on polarisation.

Q4: What two main changes in diffraction pattern of single slit will you observe when
the monochromatic source of light is replaced by a source of white light.

3 Marks
Q1:

A point object placed in front of a plane mirror produces a virtual image

whose distance from the mirror is equal to the object distance from the
mirror. Use Huygenss Principle to deduce it.

Q2:

When a low flying aircraft passes overhead, we sometimes notice a shaking

of the picture on our T.V screen. Suggest a possible explanation?

Q3:

In Young's double slit experiment using monochromatic light of wavelength

, the intensity at a point on the screen where path difference is K units.
What is the intensity of light at a point where path difference is /3?

Q4:

In double slit experiment SS2 is greater than SS1 by 0.25 . Calculate the path
difference between two interfering beam from S 1 and S2 for minima and maxima
on the point P as shown in Figure.

ANSWERS WAVE OPTICS

1 Mark
1. Ip = I0 cos2

IP

I0

/2

3 /2

2. Due to interference of light waves from upper & lower surfaces of soap
bubble
3. Space between threads & muslin cloth behaves as fine slit. When sunlight
falls on these slits; the diffraction of light takes place. As a result, the
coloured spectrum is observed.
4.

ip =tan-1(n), {n is inversely proportional to square of wavelength}

5.

Diffraction effect is predominant only for a narrow & fine slit where size is
comparable with the wavelength of light. Slit formed by two blades is fine &
is of uniform width which can't be possible with fingers.

6.

Because of unstable phase difference.

7.

Principle of polarisation.

8.

I1/4

2 Marks
1.
40 km.
A

B
Q

40 m

dsin=n

or =dsin/n

For longest wavelength, n=1, sin==tan

=d x DC/BD
= 40 x 40/20000

(BD=40/2km)

= 8m/100
= 8cm.
2. =D/d
i.e B2/B1 =2/1
2=B2/B1
2=7.2x630/8.1
2=560nm.

3. Speed and frequency

4. (i) In each diffraction order, the diffracted image of the slit gets dispersed into
component colours of white light. As fringe width , red fringe with higher wavelength
is wider than violet fringe with smaller wavelength.

(ii) In higher order spectra, the dispersion is more and it causes overlapping of
different colours.

3 Marks
II

1.

Y
O

Treat A to be the spherical source of light. After time t, the wave front reach
A' as wave front I . The image will be formed at A' represented by II.
OA'=OA.
2. When a low flying aircraft passes overhead, the metallic body of the aircraft
reflects T.V signal. A slight shaking of the picture on the T.V screen takes
place due to interference of the reflected signal from the aircraft & the direct
signal received by the antenna.
3

Intensity I= 4I0 cos2 /2

When path difference is , phase difference is 2
I=4I0 cos2 = 4I0 = K

(given)

When path difference, =/3, the phase difference

'=2 /
=2 x / x 3 = /3

. (1)

I'=4I0 cos2 /6

(since K = 4I0 )

= K cos2 /6= K x {1.73/2}2 = 3/4 K.

4. Path diff. : (SS2 + S2P) (SS1 + S1P) = (SS2 SS1) + (S2P S1P) = (0.25 + S2P S1P)
For maxima, path diff. = n
So S2P S1P = n 0.25 = (n 0.25)
For minima, path diff. (2n+1)
So S2P S1P = (2n + 0.5) /2

ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES
GIST

ELECTOMAGNETIC WAVES
HOTS
1 Mark
1. Name the part of electromagnetic spectrum of wavelength 10-2 m and mention its one
application.
2. Give reason for the decrease or increase in the velocity of light, when it moves from air to
glass or from glass to air respectively.
3. What is the ratio of speed of infrared and ultraviolet rays in vacuum?
4. Name the electromagnetic radiation used for viewing object through haze and fog.
5. Write the frequency limit of visible range of electromagnetic spectrum in kilohertz.

2 Mark
1. How are infrared red waves produced ? Why these referred to as heat waves? Write their
one important use.
2. Suggest reasons why food in a metal containers can not be cooked in a microwave oven?
3. Suggest reason why an empty glass container does not get hot in a microwave oven?
4. Why Optical and radio telescopes are built on the ground, but, x-ray astronomy is
possible only from satellites orbiting the earth?
5. State the part of electromagnetic spectrum to which each belongs:
i)

Wavelength emitted by atomic hydrogen in inter stellar space

ii)

Double lines of sodium

3 Marks
1. In a plane electromagnetic wave,the electric field oscillates with a frequency of 21010 s-1
and an amplitude of 40 Vm-1.
i.

What is the wavelength of the wave?

ii.

What is the energy density due to electric field?

2. Why are infrared radiations referred to as heat waves also? Name the radiation which is
next to these radiations in electromagnetic spectrum having
i)Shorter Wavelength
ii)Longer Wavelength

3. Electromagnetic radiations with wavelength

i)

are used to kill germs in water purifiers.

ii)

are used in TV communication system.

iii)

play an important role in maintaining the earths warmth.

Name the part of electromagnetic spectrum to which these radiations belong. Arrange
these wavelength in decreasing order of their magnitude.

4. The oscillating magnetic field in a plane electromagnetic wave is given by

By = (810-6) Sin[21011t + 300 x]T
i)

Calculate the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave.

ii)

Write down the expression for the oscillating electric field.

Show that during the charging of parallel plate capacitor, the rate of change of charge on
each plate equals times the rate of change of electric linkwith it .What is the name
given to the term

Answer
1 Marks
1. Microwave , used in RADAR
2. Velocity of light depends upon (refractive index) of the medium.
3. 1:1, because each travel with the speed of light.
4. Infrared rays
5. 4 x 1011 k hertz to 7.7 x 1011 k hertz

2 Marks
1. Due to de excitation of atoms and also emitted by hot bodies
Since infra red waves produce heat falling on matter
Solar water heater, TV remotes
2. The atoms of the metallic containers are set into forced vibrations by the microwaves.
Due to this energy of the microwaves in not transferred to the metallic container and food
in metallic container can not be cooked in a microwave oven.
3. The molecules of the glass container do not respond to the frequency of microwaves. Due
to this energy from microwaves is not transferred to the glass container and hence it does
not get hot hot in a microwave oven.
4. The earths atmosphere is transparent to visible light and radio waves, but, absorbs xrays, therefore, x-ray astronomy is possible only from satellites orbiting the earth.
5. i)
ii)

radio waves of short wave length

visible light in yellow region.

3 Marks
(i) Wavelength m.

1.

(ii) E0 = 40 Vm-1.

Energy Density due to electric field =

= 8.8610-12(40)2
= 3.5 10-9 J/m3
2.

Infrared radiations get readily absorbed by water molecules in most materials. This
increases their thermal motion and heats them up.

3.

i)

On shorter wavelength side are visible radiations.

ii)

On longer wavelength side are microwaves(or short radiowaves).

i)

corresponds to ultraviolet spectrum.

ii)

corresponds to radio waves.

iii)

corresponds to infrared.
Order >

4.

i)

Standard equation of magnetic field is

By = B0Sin[ t + kx]T
Comparing this equation with the given equation ,we get
B0 = 810-6T ,

21011 rad s-1 , k =

=300

E0 =B0c = 810-63108 = 2.4 x 103Vm-1

According to right hand system , , the electric field oscillates along negative
z-axis so equation is Ez = -2.4103Sin(21011 t + 300 x) Vm-1

5. Charge on each parallel plate capacitor

q(t) = (t) A
but

(t)=t)

q(t) = t)
Rate of change of charge

Rate of change of charge = rate of change of electric flux

hequantity

isnamed as displacement current.