INDUSTRY PROFILE

Cotton is the most widely produced textile fabric today. It is believed

that India was the first country to manufacture cotton. Among the finds at
Mohenjodaro are a few scarps of cotton sticking to the side of a silver vase.
This at least shows that cotton must have been used in India as far back as
the 2nd millennium BC. Historically painted and printed cotton cloths are
known to have been sold in Egypt and some parts of Europe long before the
time of Alexander. (300BC).
Cotton is soft fibre, probably the most important and truly a king
fibre. The cotton plant is scientifically known as Gossypisum harbasium and
it belongs to the family of Malvaceae. There are nearly 20 different species
of cotton plants. All these grow in tropical and subtropical regions, and those
growing in tropics are perennials while those in temperate regions annuals.
The quality of cotton depends upon the whiteness, the purity, the
length, the softness and regularity of the fibre. Because of its white colour
and economic importance cotton is known as white gold. The main uses of
cotton are for the manufacture of apparels, house hold articles and for
industrial uses and their relative share is represented as 40% and 20%
respectively. This king fibre is almost vital for the following products as
shown by the list of variety of cotton products given in table 1.1.

Table 1.1 The variety pf cotton products

Automobile tops
Bandages
Book-Bindings
Canvas
Carpets
Cheese cloth
Cloth-bags
Coverlets
Curtains
Ducks
Filter-cloth
Fish-nets

Friction-tapes
Fabrics
Furniture covers
Hand kerchiefs
Hosiery
Lace
Mosquito-curtains
Paper
Safety bags
Sheetings
Shirts
Shoe-laces

Tapes
Terry-cloth
Threads
Tickings
Tobaco-cloth
Towelling
Typewriter-ribbons
Tyres
Umbrella-cloth
Wall-coverings
Washing cloth
yarns

Millions in the world are directly dependent on this king fibre and the
vagaries of this king (Flutuations in prices) wither make or mar millionsmaking them wither rich or poor and generally causing immense ups and
downs.
As stated cotton is a king-fibre, but it is an arrogant king. It assumes
that its virtues being so great no further skill be exercised. Of course there
can be no doubt that cotton has enjoyed this unchallenged position, for
cotton is a fibre with rugged virtues and unlimited hitherto unseen
possibilities. And more qualities are added as research progress further.
In recent years, however, cotton had suddenly relized that there are
other competitors for the crown. These seems to be a general rising against it
and also there are

positive and hostile signs of rebllion. In fact, its crown has already tumbled
down and part of its empire has already gone. Competitors are proving to be
a rather tough problem and very severe headache for this king.
Many different fibres are competing with this king-fibre and among
these are silk and wool which offer competition on the finer side while
enough other fibres like linen, hemp, sisal and ramie offer competition on
the tougher side. But a more serious competition on the tougher side. But a
more serious competition comes from man-made fibres like rayon (made by
processing a natural substance and then reforming it ) and more recently
from synthetic fibres (made entirely fromchemicals produced by man like
nylon and terylene.
Theses man-made fibres are made from substances which are
negligible in price and therefore their competition is going to prove vital or
almost fatal to this king.
The common textiles fibres may be classified as shown in table 1.2

Cellulose

Natural

Manufactured

Cotton (seed hair)

Rayon (pure cellulose)

Flax (stems)

Viscose

Ramie (Stems)

Cuprammonium

Jute (stems)

High-tenacity rayons

Hemp (stems)
Sunn (stems)

Sesal
Coir
Natural

Manufacured

Wool (sheep)

Protein

Ardil (peanut fibre)

Mohair (angora

Vicara (zein of corn)

Goat)

Casein (milk protein)

Cashmere

and

Acetate (cellulose
Ester)
Nylon (polymide)
Thermoplastics

Dacron (polyester)
Orlon (Acrylic)
Vinyon
Natural

Other common fibres

Manufactured
Rubber
Mineral

Asbestos

Alginates

Fibreglass

Paper

Metallics
As can be seen from table 1.2 there are a wide variety of fibres
available. Each kind of fibre has its own particular properties and
advantages. For example, wool is warm and resists creasing because it has
natural elasticity. Silk is soft and lustrous. Linen is crisp and shiny. Synthetic
fibres are very strong and absorb little water.

Hence, if this arrogant king just forgets the glory of the past and tries
to adjust itself to the changing environment, it may still holds its place as not
king but leader of the fibres, and may at least retain (if not regain) its losing
empire, for Cotton is a fibre with rugged virtues.
THE RISE OF THE TEXTILE INDUSTRY
Thousands of years ago, man lived in caves and spend his life hunting.
The only cloths he had were the skins of the animals he killed. Then he
discovered that he could twist together wool and plant fibres into yarn (that
is spin)
And interlace the yarn into cloth (that is weave). The word textile is
derived from the Latin term textiles for woven fabrics. Thus by textiles we
understand those objects which have been prepared by weaving.
A far back as 500 BC, Egyptians and other ancient people were
weaving fine linen and wollen cloth. In about 3000 BC, the Chinese
discovered how to weave beautiful cloth from the delicate threads spun by
the silkworm. The Indians began making cotton cloth very soon after wards.
Spinning and weaving were done by hand at home until the 1700s.
Then the invention of machines such as the spinning jenny, the spinning
mule, and the power loom led to the development of textile making as a
large-scale industry. People left their homes to spin and weave in factories.
The discovery of synthetic dyes and artificial silk in the 1800s and synthetic
fibres in the 1900s gave textile manufactures a much wider range of
materials to work with. Today, we can buy brightly coloured fabrics which
do not crease

or shrink, which dry quickly, and which do not need ironing. They
may contain fibres made from glass, coal, oil or even rock.
COTTON TEXITLE INDUSTRY IN INDIA
Indians cotton textile industry occupies a unique position. It accounts
for about 7 percent of the gross domestic product, 20 percent of the
industrial out put, and over 30 percent of the export earnings. It contributes
over Rs. Five. Billion in terms of excise duty to the exchequer. After
agriculture, this industry is the second-largest employment provider in the
country as its cultivation provides 200 man days/hectare of employment.
Around 60 million people earn their livelihood through its cultivation or
trade and processing. A considerable number of people also get benefited
through its indirect employment.
At the time of independence, the textile industry, the largest organized
industry in the country, comprised an estimated 2.5 million handloom
weavers and 356 mills, with an installed capacity of about 10.3 million
spindles, 2,00,000 looms and 7,00,000 workers. After that, the increase in
fabric production is mainly because of the availability of major raw
materials, such as cotton and man-made fibres. However, the share of cotton
gradually declined from 99 percent in the fifties to 69 percent in 1997. As an
aftermath of partition of the country, 30 percent of cotton-growing area went
of Pakistan. But through concerted efforts, the country could achieve selfsufficiency.
SIGNIFICANT CHANGES

From the mid-eighties on wards the cotton textile mill segment has been
experiencing significant changes caused by market resurgences, mill
reconstruction, deregulation and economic reforms
In recent years, the market for cotton cloth grew rapidly athe average
rate of profit and value added per worker improved. Over the years, the
fibre-mix pattern of cloth has also undergone change. In the fifties cloth was
mainly cotton-based but now cotton cloth accounts for only to percent of the
total production. The remaining 40 percent is contributed by blented and
cent percent non-cotton cloth. Of course, there has been an improvement in
the quality of fabrics.
At present, there are 1824 textile mills in India, out of which 1543 are
spinning mills and the remaining 281 composite mills, i.e. in the postindependence period. There has been nearly a five fold increase in the
number of cotton / manmade textile mills, within a period of around 50
years.
COTTON AVAILABILITY
Cotton is the main raw material for the cotton textile industry. Availability
and its price level will have a bearing on the performance of the cotton
textile industry. Cotton is the most important commercial crop in India,
occupying 92.61 lakh hectares of cultivated area. It accounts for 28 percent
area in worlds total cotton cultivation area, which is the largest in the world.

COTTON PRODUCTION
India is the third largest producer of cotton after china and USA. Cotton is
grown over around 22 milion acres, with a production of 2.7 million tones a
year. Sowing begins in May some areas and picks up in june with the arrival
of monsoon. Indias production of cotton was 26,35,000 tonnes in 1999,
which was 14 percent of would
production. But yields per hectare here are the lowest among the important
cotton producing countries in the world.
Currently China, USA, Russia, India, Pakisthan and Brazil are the first six
major producers of cotton in the world. When world cotton production
increased by 5.26 percent from 1985 to 14 percent in 1999, in the same
period cotton production of cotton increased from 13 percent in 1985 to 14
percent in 1999.
PROBLEMS FACED BY INDIAN TEXILE INDUSTRY
There is a general belief that India is becoming uncompetitive in
manufacturing cost due to a variety of factors arising mainly from increasing
input costs. In a fiercely competitive world market, an essential condition for
survival is to maintain the cost of manufacturing at an international level.
Realizing this disturbing trend, the cotton textiles export promotion council
(Texprocil) commissioned a study on benchmarking of costs of production
in India vis--vis China, Pakisthan, Indonesia, Bangladesh and Sreelanka by
appointing a professional agency, Ms. Gherzi Textile organization, Zurich,

Switzerland. The finding of the study reaffirm that India remains uncompetitive to the extent of around 15% when compared to the cost of
competing counries.

The key findings of the study indicate the following:1) Highest power cost:- Power is one of the major factor costs as it
contributes around 20 percent of the total spinning cost and 10 percent of the
production cost of fabrics. India ranks amongst the highest in power and fuel
cost. While power cost average 8.87 US cents per kwh in India, it is 3.49US
cents in Bangladesh, 3.65 cents in Indonesia, 6.04 cents in China and 6.57
cents in Pakisthan. Similarly the cost of fuel in India is US cents 1.96 per kg
of steam. It is 0.78 in Bangladesh, 0.58 in China and 1.41 in Pakisthan.
2) High raw material cost:- As regards the raw material, cotton yield per
hectare in India is the lowest of 302 kgs/hectars as compared to the world
average of 538 kgs/hector. Against this, Chainas yield is 1028 kgs/hectare
and Pakisthans 620 kgs/hector. In addition exporting units in these countries
also get the entire duties rebated for export production. Indias lower yield
and realization, results in higher cost. Percentage of raw material costs is the
highest in total cost production here is an example.

Cotton cost is 75% of the total cost and therefore the key cost driver.
3) Low Technology:- At the level of technology while India has installed
11,161, shuttle less looms, China has 84,218 and Pakisthan has 16,867. The
share of shuttle less looms in India is 0.62 percent while it is 9.96 percent in
Bangladesh 9.3 percent in China and 6.15 percent in Pakistan.
4) Export Related Problems:- In India apart from high transaction costs the
taxation structure and labour laws are are keeping the clothing exports down.
The clothing unit with a turn over of less than 30 lakhs gets tax exemption
resulting in fragmentation of units which also affects economics of scale.
The other factor which is keeping the clothing exports from India down is
high excise duty on man made fibres. It makes blended clothing exports
(where China again is doing very well). Uncompetitive in the international
market.
World trade in clothing is a seasonal business but labour laws in India
do not allow units to hire people for a short period. No big garment exporter
is willing to expand beyond a certain limit. There are even cases where
garment manufactures have rejected big deals as after execution of the order,
they would be left with a hung work force on their payroll with no work to
employ them.
Thus with raw materials, power costs, cost of money etc. being the
key cost drivers managing them effectively holds the key to becoming cost

competitive. If the current scenario continues industry may not be able to

maintain its share in the global market.

IMPLICATION FOR FUTURE

Seismic shifts are on the way in the textile world. A quota free trading
environment regional free trade agreement will dramatically shape the textile
landscape in the future. The apparel trade is projected to increase by 28
percent between 2002 and 2010 from 10.4 to 13.3 billion kg per year.
Projection for the future growth in the world fibre demand, from 2002 to
2010 are 43 percent for man made fibres, 15 percent for cotton and 10
percent for wool.
COTTON TEXTILE INDUSTRY IN KERALA
The textile industry in Kerala is the oldest and occupies a key position
in the state economic development. The earliest known registered factory is
the Malabar Spinning & Weaving company at Ponnanikara in calicut started
in 1884. The second important textile unit set up in the state was Quilon
spinning Mills. However some of the mills became sick units and were taken
over by National Textiles Corporation. The National Textiles Corporation
was incorporated in April 1986, with the main objective of ensuring

continued employment to the textile workers who were rendered jobless as a

result of closure and also for managing the affairs of the sick textile
undertakings taken over by the government. The Kerala State Textile
Corporation was incorporated in 1972 with the objective of promoting
textile industry and assisting sick mills.

In Kerala, there are 31 established textiles and out of that 17 mills are
owned by central and state government, and balance are private owned mills.
Out of that 7 mills are situated in Thrissur district. Those mills are as
follows:(a) Kerala Lakshmi Textiles Ltd(Central government undertaking)
(b) Vanaja Textiles Ltd, Kunchikara(under lockout)
(c) Sitaram Textiles Ltd(Government undertaking)
(d) Rajgopal Textiles Ltd(Private undertaking)
(e) Co-Operative Spinning Mills Ltd.(Co-Operative)
(f) Thanikkudam Bhagavathi Spinning Mills Ltd(under lockout)
(g) Alagappa Textiles Ltd.(Central government oundertaking)
Through Kerala has a number of cotton textile mills, the raw material
ie, cotton is not widely cultivated here. It is either obtained from other states
or imported from outside India. The climatic conditions of Kerala frequently
change, so suitable arrangements are made in the factories to maintain the
desired atmospheric condition for the production of yarn. A large number of

people get direct employment in the mills and ever a larger number get
indirect employment. More than 20,000 workers are working in different
cotton textile mills in Kerala.

Textile Industries in Kerala also suffers from many problems. As

stated before, high power cost, high raw material cost, low technology etc.
are all applicable to Textile Mills in Kerala. Another major problem is in
terms of modernization. This may be viewed from two aspects
(1) Insufficiency of funds for modernization and (2) modernization may
involve installation of modern machineries which may bring about a
reduction in employment opportunities. Last, but not the least, the labour
problems makes Kerala, then least preferred place for any industry.

NATIONAL TEXTILE CORPORATION (NTC)

National Textile Corporation meant national textiles corporation fored and

registered under the companies Act 1956. Textile includes yarn or fabrics
made either wholly or partially of cotton, jute, synthetic and artificial fibres.
Textiles company means a company specified in textile undertaking means
an undertaking engaged in the manufacturers of textiles to which provisions
of the factories act 1968 apply.
The NTC was set up in 1968 with objectives of managing the affairs of the
sick textile undertaking taken over by the government, it was expected to
rehabilitate and modernize these mills and expand them whenever necessary
in order to make them economically viable, to begin with only 16 mills
under NTC, the number of sick units taken over by the government kept
increasing and at present NTC is managing 127 mills with an unauthorized
capital of 500 crores and paid up capital of rs.437.85 crores. In India there
are 127 mills under the control of NTC which are divided into subsidiaries.

Table showing subsidiary of National Textiles Corporation

Sl

subsidiary

Number of mill Head office

No
1

NTC (Andhra Pradesh

Karnataka Kerala &Mahi)ltd
NTC(Delhi,
Punjab&Rajasthan)ltd

16

Banglore

NewDelhi

NTC (Gujarat)ltd

10

Ahmadabad

NTC(Msdhya Pradesh) ltd

10

Ahmadbad

NTC(North Maharashtra)ltd

Indore

NTC(South Maharashtra)ltd

11

Mumbai

NTC (Tamilnadu& Pondichery)ltd

17

Coimbatore

NTC(Uttarpradesh)ltd

11

Kanpur

NTC(West Bengal Bihar&Orissa)

21

Kolkata

10

Taken over mills of Mumbai

12

Mumbai

total

129

COMPANY PROFILE

KERALA LAKSHMI MILLS

Kerala Lakshmi Mills is a Govt. company under public sector. It is situated at
Pullazhi in Thrissur District.
The mill was promoted by late Shri. Karimuthu Thyagaraja Chettiar and it was
Incorporated in 1961. The production commenced in 1963 with an installed capacity
of 24000 spindles. The capacity was raised to 30960 spindles in stages subseaquently.
Due to financial and management problems during the year 1974 the mill was
nationalized by Govt. of India under sick textile undertaking Act

1974. The

management of the mills vested with National Textile Corporation Ltd, NewDelhi(A
govt. of India undertaking) and later with effect from 1-4-1974 it was transferred to
its subsidiary company National Textile Corporation
(Andra Pradesh,Karnataka,Kerala,and Mahe)limited Banglore.
After nationalization consequent to the implementation of modernization/expansion
scheme the installed capacity was raised to 41328 spindles by 1985. Presently the
mill is manufacturing blended yarn in the following counts such as 45sPV, 60Spc,
and 62 PC. The main raw material polyester fibre is procured from M/S reliance
industries ltd, and M/S Grasim Industries ltd,Coimbathore. The raw cotton is
mainly purchased

from Cotton

Corporation

of India (A Govt. of India

undertaking ) since the mill is one of the units of National Textile

Corporation(APKK&M)Ltd.Banglore.
LOCATION
The mill is situated at Pullazhi about 5 km from Thrissur town

CAPACITY

The licensed capacity is 41,520 spindles the installed and commissioned capacity of
the mills is 41,328

REGISTERED OFFICE
National Textiles Corporation 9AP,K,K&M

Ltd 3rd floor, Nanjappa mansion,

29/KH Road, Shanthinagar, Banglore -560027.95

ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT

The management and administration of Kerala Lakshmi Mill is vested in NTC Ltd,
Banglore which is the head office of the mills. The holding company of the mill and
its head office is NTC Ltd, NewDelhi.

ADMINISTRATION
The chief of the organization is the general managers who is a technically qualified
person having sound knowledge and valuable experience in running many textile
mills. The persons managing the various departments working under him are also
personally qualified in their respective fields. Such

as accounting

labour

management, production and engineering. They are senior personnel backed by

long years of experience in textile work.
The Kerala Lakshmi Mill is a unit of NTC Ltd. It is spinning mill. The compony is
engaged only in the manufacturer of yarn product. Cotton is the raw material for
the production of its deisretion as it is under control of NTC Ltd, Banglore, its head
office, the regard raw material is supplied by the NTC and the sales are also made
by them through its agents or its department keepers, the cotton purchase may be in

either branch or bale. One bale contains 18 kg of cotton. The major suppliers of
inputs are
1. Grasim industries kumarapatnam - viscfose staple fibre(input name)
Karnataka state
2. reliance industries ltd, J R FOODS ltd Polyester staple fibre
Campus thirubhyvanan
Pondicheri
3. Indo Rama synthetic (p) Ltd nagpur - polyester staple

PRODUCT PROFILE

BLENDED YARNS IN THE FOLLOWING COUNTS

45 SPV 60 SPC 62 PC

Polyester/Viscose Blended Yarns

company have the ability to offer polyester, viscose blended yarns in count
range from 20s to NE 60 in single ply and multi fold. These are suitable for
knitting and weaving purposes. Our variety is available in the following
specifications:
Raw white
Dyed
Polyester / Viscose Blended Yarn in raw white made from 3D x 60 mm Fiber
Polyester Viscose yarn - where Polyester is semi dull and viscose is dull
blended
High twist yarn for crepe effect
Yarn with reverse blend in desired percentage

Polyester/Cotton Blended Yarns

Our company brings to our customers polyester /cotton blended yarns in
count range up to NE 80 in combed and carded in desired blends or 65:35,
52:48. These are also available in reverse blend of 60: 40 in single ply and
multifold. This makes them suitable for weaving and knitting purposes. We
can also offer dyed yarns from counts 20s till 30s in single ply and double
ply. Some of the other varieties on offer are:
Ring Spun: NE 12s to NE 80s in Combed & Carded
Open End: NE 8s to NE 16s - only in single ply- Auto coned
CVC: Ring Spun Yarns from count NE 20s to NE 80.

Nylon - Cotton Blended Yarn ( as per requirement)

We bring a collection of yarn that is a result of perfectly mixed nylon and
cotton yarn and is best suitable for knitting and weaving. These nylon
cotton blended yarn have soft texture in order to provide comfort to the
wearer and is highly appreciated by our clients across the globe.

Viscose High Twist Yarn

We provide an array of viscose high twist yarn that ranges from 800 TPM to
1700 TPM and has varied weaving applications. These yarns have high
strength, low moisture retention and are best suitable for most advanced
machines that are used in textile industry.

Linen - Cotton Blended Yarn ( as per requirement)

We present a broad range of yarn that is an ideal mixture of linen and cotton
yarn providing more strength and durability. Our linen cotton blended
yarns are perfect for machines that are widely used in textile industry.

BASIC TERMS
BALE :- A bundle or package of merchandise especially cotton, wool etc.
packed in a cover or fastened with a band or string or metal for transporting
Goods, the weight and capacity varying with the various goods. Cotton bales
are usually 181.44 Kg.
COUNT (OR YARN NUMBER) :- Count is the basic unit used to
differenctiate varieties of yarn. Counts are determined by the number of
hanks per pound. Unit being 840 yards. If the count increase thickness of
yarn decreases.
HANK : - A coiled or spun skein a loop of strings. Yarns are reeled into
hanks of preparing or finishing process.
SLIVER :- A continuous strand of loose untwisted wool or other fibres.
RING FRAME : - It is the machine for spinning. In this mill there are 47
ring frames.
SPINDLE :- Spindle is a part of the spinning machine which is used to wind
yarns. The capacity of a mill is usually expressed in terms of number of
spindles in the mill.
LAP :- lap is a continuous fleecy sheet of cotton fibres which is the output of
blowroom. This lap of cotton of usually 40 meters is then fed into the
carding machine for further processing.

SPINDLE SPEED : - The speed with which the spindle is rotating. It will
be measured in terms of Rotation per minutes (RPM).

PERSONNEL DEPARTMENT
An organization is a human grouping in which work is done for the
accomplishment of some special goals or mission. To look after the various
functions set for the organization, adequate resources in men and materials
have to be arranged by individuals who serves as managers or supervisors
within the organization. Such people have to make things happen in the
achievement of organizational objectives. With out human effort an
organization cannot accomplish their objectives.
So in order to handle precious human resource Kerala Lakshmi Mill
maintaining a personal department.

Edward Flippo States:

Personal Management is the planning, organizing, directing and
controlling of the procurement, development, compensation, integration,
maintenance and separation of human resources to the end that individual,
organizational and societal objectives are accomplishes.

FUNCTIONS

Recruitment
Recruitment forms the first stage in the process, which continues with
selection and ceases with the placement of the candidate. Recruiting is the
disciver4ing of potential applicants for actual or anticipated organizational
vacancies.
KERALA LAKSHMI MILLS Ltd has its own policy for recruitment.
It makes use of both internal and external sources for recruiting its
personnel. Advertising in newspaper and magazine is the most commonly
used method of recruiting. It also recruits from among its existing
employees. Whenever any vacancy occurs, somebody from within the
organization is upgraded, transferred, promoted or sometimes demoted.
Minimum qualification required for selection is 10 th standard pass.
Recruitment of workers is done on the basis of skill test and physical test.
Then an interview and final interview is conducted.
The worker who is selected at first is selected as leaner, after 6 months
he is promoted as senior learner. If the work of senior leaner is up to
standard he is appointed as the permanent employee of the organization.
In staff recruitment interviews are conducted by heads of respective
departments. Then they join as trainee and are required to submit a training
report to head of respective department.

Attendance Procedure
For managerial staff, duty timings are 10 A.M to 5 P.M about which they
are very particular. Even if a staff member is 5 mins. Late in the morning
with out any specific reason, he is marked for half-day leave. Workers are
doing their work in three shifts of 8 hours each. The staff of each
employee goes on changing every month.

Records of all these are maintained by personnel department.

Salaries & Wages

Personnel department makes decision on salaries and wages. These are

calculated per month for each employee keeping into consideration the
attendance. Employees are paid differently during training period.

Provident fund Scheme

In 1932 P.F. Act has been introduced with a view of providing
maintenance to the family of the employee after his retirement or death.

This act is applicable at Kerala Lakshmi Mills Ltd. In P.F scheme

employee has to contribute 12% of his salary and the management has to
contribute to P.F in the same proportion that of the employees share. An
employee can take, and he is eligible for taking loans from P.F. During
the time of his retirement he can family members are eligible for that
amount.

ESI Scheme
The main objective of Employees State Insurance Scheme is
employee welfare. It comes under the provision of employees state
insurance act 1948. employees are

benefited, especially in case of accident or death. The employee has to

contribute 1.5% of his salary and company 4% ESI to avail the benefit.
Grievance Handling Procedure
A grievance is any dissatisfaction whether expressed or not, whether
valid or not, arising out of anything connected with the company which
an employee thinks, believes of even feels to be unfair. In Kerala
Lakshmi Mills Ltd if works have any problem they can immediately

report to the supervisor. If it cannot be solved at this level they can

directly report to head respective department or to G.M.

Trade Union
A Trade Union is any combination of persons whether temporary or
permanent, primarily for the purpose of regulating the relations between
workers and employees or between workers & workers for imposing
restrictive conditions on the conduct of any trade or business and
includes the federation of two or more Trade Unions. In Kerala Lakshmi
Mills Ltd main trade unions are INTUC and CITU. These trade unions
are creating such an environment in the organization, which maintains
good relationship between workers & management.

Salaries & Park

It is the personnel department that is dealing with calculating of
Salaries & Perk. The various perks which are provided by the company to
its employees are:

 HRA (House Rent Allowance)

LTA (Leave Traveling Allowance)
Subsidized food & Canteen facilities
Employees welfare fund
Employees children education allowance
Personal accident insurance scheme
Loan for house building
Employees state insurance (ESI)-6% of salary i.e 1.5%
given by employee himself and 4.5% of salry given by
organization.

Bus facilities is arranged to the workers for coming to and going from the
company.

Leave Rules

a) Casual Leaves 10 days per year

More than 3 casual leaves at a time or in a month are not allowed. Casual
leaves lapse if not utilized.

b) Sick Leave

Sick leaves can only be obtained after 6 months of recruitment. To avail

the benefits under this scheme employees should submit medical
certificate.

Advance & Loans

Personnel department takes care of decisions regarding advance &
Loans. Advance are given according to the requirements of the
customers.

SECURITY DEPARTMENT

This department is responsible for the security of the entire company.

Their main duty is at the main gate of the factory premises from where all
the goods enter or leave the company. The security department is
maintaining the following registers
1. Inward register for incoming material

It contains information about date, item. Quantity, place from where it is

coming, bill number, medium of transport, vehicle number etc. The
concerned person is allowed to enter the factory premises along with
material that they are bringing. A stamp is put on the bill that they are
brining. Stamp contains information regarding date, entry number etc.
then the concerned person goes to the store and from there he goes to the
accounts department where the payment is done after confirming the
stamp.
2. Outward Register for out going stuff
In this register quantity, date and time of dispatching the material is
recorded. The concerned authority checks quantity mentioned in the gate
pass.
3. Visitors register
Visitors register is maintained to record the name of the person
coming, his purpose of visit, whom he wants to meet. His time of arrival
the time at which he is leaving the company etc
4. Vehicle incoming / outgoing register
This register is maintained to have a record of vehicles coming and
going out of the company. Visitors are not allowed to park their vehicles

along with the vehicles of employees. Separate arrangements are made

for parking the vehicles of both employees and visitors.
5.Gurads Duty register
It contains details of daily duties of guards in shift wise.

PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT
Production concepts are one of the oldest concepts in marketing
production concept holds that consumers will favor those products that are
widely available and at low cost. Managers of production efficiency and
mass production.
The assumption that consumers are primarily interested in product
availability and low price holds in at last two situation. The first is, where
the demand for a product exceeds supply in developing then in its fine
points, and supplies will concentrate on finding ways to increase
production.
Second situation is where the products with high cost and has to be
decreased to expand the market . Texas instrument (IT) is one of the leading
U.S. exponents of the Get- out production , cut the price.
MEANING:
Converting Raw Material into finished goods Indicates production.
Production is a process of carrying required raw materials to shape into
required finished products.

Production management is a branch of management which is related

to the production function
Production is concerned with the conversion of inputs (raw
material , machinery , information, man power and other factors of
production) into output(semi- finished and finished goods and service ) with
the help of certain processes (planning , scheduling and controlling etc)

Definition
According to Edwin . S. Buffa production management deals with
the decision making related to production process , so that the resulting
goods and services are produced according to specification in amouts and by
the schedule demand and at minimum cost.
Scope Of Production :
In early stages the stress was on controlling the labour costs
because labour cost was the major element of the total cost of production
Earlier periods there was no mechanization of production
system like the one they have nows. It was too old tradition compared to
this new millennium. The process of mechanization was slowly improved
step by step.

Functions Of production Manager.

The various functions of production manager in the company
are:

Production Planning
Quality control
Inventory control
Work Measurement
Production Control
Method analysis
Plant layout
Material handling
Other functions

DETAILS OF RAW MATERIAL

1. Type of raw material
There are three kinds of raw materials used by the organization.
They are as follows
a) cotton
b) Polyester staple fibre(psf+cotton)
c) Viscose staple fibre (vsf+cotton)
2.Quantity and price of raw materials
The quantity of raw materials is based on the bales. The bales of above three
different raw materials are three different quantities and prices they are as follows.
Name

Quantity per bale

Price

Cotton

170 kg

Rs 46 to 56

Polyester
380 kgs 466 kgs
Rs 70
Staple fibre
Viscos staple 250 kgs and 252 kgs Rs 74

fibre
2. Raw material consumption per day mill
a) cotton
b)psf
c)vsf

- 10 bales
- 12 bales
- 3 bales

PRODUCTION PROCESS

Production process
Mixing
BLOW ROOM
CARDING
DARNING
ROWING
SPINNING

COINING
PACKING

SPINNING DEPARTMENT
In this department the raw material cotton is converted into yarn. This
department consists of 110 to 120 workers in 3 shifts.
Raw material cotton comes in pressed bales. Cotton is usually
measured in mounds (37.32456 K.G) and candies (355.69772 K.G). there
are different varieties of cotton like H4, H6, H420, Sankar-6 , Sankar-4,
mcu5. Out of these varieties mcu5 is the better quality. All other varieties are
inferior compared to this.
In order to get a better quality yarn two or three qualities of cotton are
mixed together.
1 bale = 160 KGS. Every day this company is using 30 bales of cotton
and converts it into yarn. In this department the process starts with the
mixing of different varieties of cotton
Cotton processing process

Bail

Mixing

Keeping for 24 hours

BLOWROOM

Raw cotton contains several impurities like rope , hair, plastic, seeds, stones,
bird feathers, wood pieces, paper pieces etc. all these unnecessary particles
are to be removed from cotton to get quality yarn.
For mixing cotton layering is done. Different varieties are laid in
layers in proper mixing ratio. Then water is sprayed on each layer. The
layers are then cut vertically and taken into blow room & put into mixing
bins.
All these activities are carried out under 65 degree and 70degree
Relative humidity. This humidity is maintained by machines, which sprays
water.
There are 3 mixing bins where the mixed cotton is placed. Inside these
bins 2 atomizer fans which sprays water to moisten cotton. Details of mixing

are written outside the bin. If the mixing is not properly done, then iusre
effect is observed in the knitted fabric. From the mixing bin the cotton is
again cut vertically and enters the blow room line.

BLOW ROOM LINE

The main function of this section is the removal of seeds and other
impurities. The blow room sequence is as follows:
GBB

Axiflow

Multimixer

Astra

Unit Feed 1

Step Cleaner

RN beater

Unit Feed 2

RSK beater
Partial cleaning is done at each of these stages. These contain two
wheel like structure with nail like protrusions. Fast blow air is passed
through the entire system. Therefore the cotton moves ahead and the seeds
fall below. These are wastes or droppings. Magnets are also attached
somewhere in the pipe to attract iron impurities.
1. GBR :

It has half inch beefing points. The cotton is fed to GBR

by a conveyer belt which is beefed up here and thus seeds and other
impurities are removed by grid bars.
2. AXIFLOW COMPARTMENT: This is fitted with beaters.
Cotton moves from GBR to axiflow by suction and impurities fall below in a
bin under the gravitational pull. If the temperature of cotton increases
beyond a limit, it is automatically expelled from the feeder to water tank
through a pipe. Cotton is blended here so as to produce the uniform quality.

3. MPM:

Fitted with eight beaters. This sucks cotton from axiflow

and pumps to asta meanwhile sorting the cotton fibers.

4.ASTA: Asta feeds the better quality cotton fibers to feeder unit number
one while cleaning and it passes and the remaining stock to the step
cleaner
1. STEP CLEANER: It is provided with six beaters. It feeds the carding
machine directly the good quality cotton and expels the remaining to
RN & RSK beaters.
2. RN & RSK BEATERS : Remaining cotton from step cleaner is
again beefed and good quality is fed to the carding machine by a pipe
and remaining waste is forced to LVS feeder number three which is
collected in the impurity bin. Maximum dropping in RSK beater is
1%.

Production Manager

Maintenance

Spinning Dept. Staff

Shift In charge
There is one attendar for entire blow room line. His duty is too take
the cotton from bin put it on GBR lattice. Secondary he removes the blow
room waste every 2 hours and puts in a sack kept there.
Blow room cotton goes to the carding machines, which is the first
stage of spinning.

Spinning Sequence
Carding

SLYVER LAP

DRAW FRAME

RING FRAME

AUTO CONER
1. CARDING
Blow room cotton goes into the card machine and comes out in the shape
of slyver. Final cleaning of cotton occurs during carding. There are three
types of waste, which come out of card:
a). Dropping: This comes out through a similar procedure as in beater
Total waste received is 2 %
b). Fan Waste: Fan pulls the short fibers and the cotton moves ahead.
Total fan waste received is 05%.
c). Flat waste: Flat waste is combed out as short fibers and rolled over a
cylinder. Its speed is 8.5% inch per minute. Total Waste 1.5%. the purpose of
carding machine is parallelisation, opening and cleaning of cotton.
Auto lever is attached to card machine which checks count. If the
count differs from the required amount, it shuts the machine. Cotton comes
out of the machine in a web. All the web pass through cylinders to form
slyver.

2. Slyver Lap
Here slyver is transformed into laps. The main function here is of
blending. 17 slyver combine to give 1 lap. Therefore the blending is 1/17.
1 lap = 180
Wt. Of lap = 60 gm per meter
3.

Draw Frame
This is the final stage of bending. Here blending and fibre
parallelisation occurs. The process is done twice to get perfect blending.
8 slyver on one side and 8 on the other side are mixed to get two slyvers
in the end. There fore blending is 8 times.
Speed is 300 meter per minute
1 can = 3000 meters
4.Ring Frame
Here twist is given to the yarn to give it the proper shape. Different

TPI (Twist/inch) for different counts.

Length of bobbin = 8 inches
Wt. Of bobbin =602 gms
There are 16 ring frames of Lakshmi rieter
1 machine = 480 spindle
Different bobbins are of different colours indication different counts.
Ring ]
Frame gives usable fan waste known as bonda.

Total usable fan waste known as Bonda.

4. Auto Corner
It does the job of winding of yarn on paper cones. The machines are
automatic and the waste is minimized as compared to that of manual
winding systems. The machines have different colours according to the
count. Bobbin container is known as magazine. Waxing is done to give
strength to the yarn. Yarn cleaner is also attached to autoconer. There are 4
autoconers available. Auto frame section is next to ring frame section and it
facilitates convenience.
There one attendant for one autoconer.
Card Waste Record
Dropping

1.917%

Flat waste stripping s

2.3227%

Fan Waste

1.109%

Usable Waste
Slyver waste
PACKAGING

= Fan waste ( ring frame) = 8 %

All the cones are stored in a room where an automizer fan supplies
moisture. This is done to provide strength to the yard and also to increase the
weight of cone. These cones are checked for their weight, quality, count etc.
These cones have different colours indicating different counts. Then a
sticker is placed inside the cone which contains information about count,
cone weight, date, Number & the person who inspected etc. Each cone is
then put in a polythene bag and then placed in carton.
1 carton = 24 cones
Total wt. Of the carton = 50 kgs
Average production in 24 hours = 4000kgs
The humidity plant
Kerala Lakshmi mill contains a humidity plant which controls the humidity
with in spinning section. If the humidity increases lapping occurs on the
cots, which are present in the ring frame. If it decreases breakage of yearn
occurs. Cotton strength increases with moisture gain. This plant contains
massive underground set up and huge fans on the rooftop. Air from outside
is taken into the unit and the air in the unit is thrown out.

PROCESSING DEPARTMENT

This most visible aspect of a garment is its colour, which gives

personality to it as well as to the wearer. There are endless possibilities of
colour on cotton knitwear.

Most of thee garment industries rely on small dyeing and printing

units for their work because it needs expert knowledge as colour
retaining capacity of cotton fiber varies which results in uneven dyeing.
Moreover the big mills cannot beat the price competition offered by
the cottage.

RAJGOPAL Processors has four sub units:

1.Laboratory
2.Processing Plant
3.Finishing department
4.total quality Control

Coloured cloth samples with buyers specifications are supplied to the

laboratory by the planning department, for the preparation of dye. Now in
the laboratory the colour recipe is prepared of the choice of buyer from

the basic reactive dyes. A sample fabric is dyed, certain tests are
performed on it and is send to the buyer for approval.
Apart from this, every Chemical which is coming in the department is
checked and shade marching is done. The laboratory is provided with the
following instruments.

1. Dyeing Machines:
There are six semi automatic and two fully automatic dyeing machines
are there. The sample taken for this type of dyeing is about 10gms. The
fabric is dyed here and its quality is checked.

2. Colour Tester
It check if the colour dyed is as demeaned. Checking shade and tone of
the colour.

3. Washing Machine

It is used to check the shrinkage of given fabric. The fabric is measured

before and after washing and shrinkage is measured if any.

4. Oven:
The oven dries the wet fabric. No sunlight is used for drying purpose.

5. Weight Box
Used for weighting colour. Weights range from milligrams to a few
grams. Both manual and electronic weighting instruments are used fro
the measurement of weight of cloth and colour.
Various tests performed in the lab.:

1. Washing fastness Test:

A cutting from the production sample is taken and a semi bleached rib is
pinned with it. It is put in water bath for 30 minutes at 60 degree celcius.
If tint comes on the fabric, it is rejected.

2. Shrinkage Test:

Fabric is marked 50cm X 50cm. It is put in washing tumbler at 60 degree

Celsius for hour. Wetting agent is put. Full tumbler dry. It is again
measured and shrinkage checked. 6 cm length and widthwise is tolerable.
3. Rubbing Test:
It is done with crock meter wet and dry rib is attached at the top of
machine. The fabric too be tested is kept below and 10 strokes are given.
4. Colour Testing:
Standard colours are always kept in the lab. When a new lot comes, a
solution of standard and new color is made. 5g/I solution of both is
prepared. 5 or 10 gm of fabric is taken and processing is done. It should
match the standard colors.
5. Chemical Testing:
New consignment of chemicals is tested. The following chemical are
tested.

a. Hel test
b. H2O2 Test
c. Acetic Acid Test
d. Caustic Soda Test
e. Salt Test
f. Soda Test

g. Softener Test
h. Husk Test
Hardness of Boiler water and its ppm is checked.
6. Light fastness Test:
It is measuring fastness of color in the sunlight. In lab, a cloth is placed
under mercury lamp for 24 hours and then color of the cloth under test is
compared with the standard one.

7. Precipitation Test:
PH of the dye on the cloth is measured whether is it alkali or acidic

2. Processing Plant:
This unit performs job processing that is dyeing, bleaching and
finishing of the grey fabric brought to the company. In this plant .55
standard dyes are used as the carrying capacity of the fabric is only 4% to
10%. Standard dyes are used in dark colours but they fade with the time
due to the low retaining nature of cotton.
DYEING FLOW CHART

Grey Fabric

Caustic +H2O2 Bleaching

White

Fabric

(Bleaching)

Washing

White Fabric ready for dyeing

(Time 45 Minutes) Recipe

Salt (NaCI)
[for Exhausting extra colour]

For Colour taxation

Soda (Na2NaCI)

Washing
Chemicals

[For reinforcing Colour]

time 30 minutes

Temp. 90 degree Celsius

Fabric Washing
To wash off extra Colour

Softner
To Soften the cloth

Final Dyed Fabric

MECHANISM

1. Lot Making:

As the fabric is shifted from the stores to the lot making section, lots of
the fabric is made depending on the machine size. Reversing of the fabric
is done to enable uniform dyeing and to cover dyeing and to cover dyeing
defects.
2. Pretreatment
before dyeing, the fabric is pretreated so as to make it more respective to
the dye and increase colour fastness. Pretreatment of dye involves simple
bleaching, removal of dirt stains. NaOH is added which increases the dye
affinity, absorbency, Iusturee and Strength of the fabric.
2. Processing:
In the processing plant dyeing, bleaching, finishing etc. of the grey fabric
is conducted.
a) Bleaching:
The grey fabric is treated with caustic and H2O2, which bleach the
fabric, and the result is white fabric for dyeing after washing.
b). Dyeing:
It involves the colouring of fabric in either non-white, white or super
white colours. There are separate machines for non-white or super white
colours. The dye used in the colouring of the fabric makes up a small
percentage of the total wt. Of the contents of the dyeing machine.
c). Drying:
Drying of the dyed fabric is based on two principles:
1. Centrifugal Action
2. Ballooning action
The centrifugal action concept is used in older machines like the Heliot
mini Hydro Extractor. In the second concept, the fabric is steam dried on
two different machines to enable total drying.
In the first kind of machine, the fabric is steamed by blowing steam into
the stretched fabric which is rolled on a cylinder. In the other machine the

fabric is held by the workers while the mechanical action of the machine
pulls the fabric while simultaneously spraying it with jet of steam.
Drying is followed by tumbling which enables further drying and
shrinkage control. Calendaring of the tumble dried fabric is done. The
calendaring can either be done on flat or rolling or on both the machines.
A single machine can also have a combination of both types of
calendaring. Garment washing is done next which is followed or in some
cases preceded by steam ironing of fabric.
Process flow Chart
Stores (Fabric)

Lot Making

Semi Bleaching / Bleaching

Dyeing

Drying

Finishing

Checking / Packing

Dispatch

3. FINISHING DEPARTMENT
finishing is the last stage. The machines are used for hydro extraction,
drying calendaring pressing and folding. Some important machine work is as
follows:

3. Fongs Drier
Four cylindrical dryers dry with the help of steam. The wet cloth must be
round in shape. Cloth is dried while loading as well as unloading and the
calendaring is done by controlling the pressure of hot steam.

4. Bitexmaa Caendar:
This machine is used for diameter adjustment and automatic pressing of
the cloth.
5. Heliot Calender
For diameter adjustment, pressing and making rolls of cloth. The colors
and cuffs are dried in the tumblers and then are detached from one
another by the workers.
6. TOTAL QUALITY CONTROL
Quality control is the most important department and its proper
functioning is very important for the unit to maintain high standards of
quality because the fabric passes through a number of machines where it
may get defective. It takes care of following factors:
1. Shrinkage:
Actually, before staring dyeing, it is calculated that how much shrinkage
in the fabric is expected. For this 10 gm fabric is first measured and then is
send for dyeing and finishing and after that its length, breadth is again
measured. The difference in these two measures is known as shrinkage.
Shrinkage up to 8% is allowed.
2. Washing fastness:
For drying to be good quality, it is very important that it should have
good washing fastness.
3. Dying Luster:

It is seen most of time that the fabric losses its luster after sometimes. It
is job of quality control department to check that drying luster is of good
quality.
4. Soda Patches:
While dyeing due to sodas addition, strains of soda occur on the fabric.
It is important to remove these strains before passing the fabric to finishing
department by using various chemicals.
5. Flap defect or Tailing:
It is responsible for uneven dyeing where in more colour is absorbed near
flaps.
6. Streaks:
His defect causes colour strains of dye in the fabric near the folds.
7. Oil Stains
Stains are caused accidentally on the fabric while working on particular
machine or during the transfer of fabric between machines.

MAINTENANCE AND REPAIRS SCHEDULE

General maintenance of all machines is taken care of in the morning
and evenings. In case of machine breakdown, they are taken to the
workshop. Electrical and electronic components are taken to the
maintenance division. For the hi-tech and complex machines trained
technicians are regularly called in for testing.

FINANCIAL DEPARTMENT

In the modern business society finance functions are drawing increasingly

more and more attention of all those who are responsible for running
financial administration. There is always a problem with every organization
for managing it expanding and ambitious plans with financial resources. The
financial management has therefore been assigned the task of planning and
controlling the long and the short term financial needs of the firm
Definition:
Finance management is defined as simply the task of providing funds
needed by the enterprises on the terms that are most favorable to it keeping
in view its objectives.
According to the F.W.Paish may fall in this category. According to
him, In modern money using economy finance may be defined as the
provision of money at the time it is wanted.
NATURE AND SCOOPE OF FIANANCIAL MANAGEMENT.
Nature of financial management refers to its functions its, scope of
objectives. The scope and coverage of the financial management have gone
fundamental changes. In the early years of its evaluation it was regarded as a
branch of economics relating to the raise of funds. But now, in the current
literature pertaining to the growing disciplines. Financial management has
we take it today is that managerial activity.
This is concerned with the planning and controlling of the firms
financial recourses as separate activity or discipline. It is of reason origin.

The finance in the modern business world is the life blood of the
business economy. We can not imagine a business without finance because it
is central point of all business activities.
The resource including financial resources of every organization, as
economist admit, are always scares and therefore, require proper planning
and control in order to achieve the best out of funds available.
FUNCTIONS OF FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT

Executive finance function.

Financial forecasting.
Investment policy decisions or establishing asset management.
Dividend policy decision or allocation of net profit.
Cash flows and requirements.
Deciding upon borrowing policy.
Negotiation for new outside financing finance.
Checking upon financial performance

OBJECTIVES:
Maximization of profit is generally regarded as a main
objective of a business enterprise.
Wealth maximization
Success of promotion depends on financial administration
Smooth running of an enterprise depends upon second financial
planning.
Finance administration coordinates various financial activities.
Profit citify is the focal point of decision making
It is a determinant of business success

 It is a measurement of performance of the business

The finance department is headed by general manager finance. The
main functions of the finance department are:
To enter the financial needs of the different departments of the
unit within the internal and external constraints.
To plan and control the activities of the different systems
through budgeting, so that the activities fulfill the
organizational objectives.
Controlling the cash flow
Controlling the expenditure
Exercise control through auditing
Functionally the finance department is divided into 4 divisions,
Financial Concurrence
Bills
General accounts
Auditing

The functions of financial concurrence department are to decide about

the expenditure decisions of the firm. The prior permission of this

department is required for purchasing even a small stationary item to the

sophisticated machines. However the investment decisions are taken by the
corporate office.

MARKETING

A place where exchange of goods and services take place.

Certainly many countries today suffer from chronic high
unemployment, a persist and deficit and deteriorating purchasing power.
Clearly national economics are undergoing rapid and often
wrenching transportation.Two forces underlie the dramatic changes. One is
globalization, explosive growth of global trade and international
competition. No country today can remain isolated from the economy.
The other force is technological changes. This decayed has
witnessed remarkable advances in availability of information and speed of
communication in new materials in biogenetic advances and drugs, in
electronics marvels.
Both globalization and technological advances open up many
new opportunities even as they threaten the status quo. Yes, all business and

new ones appear. Companies operate in a Darvinian Market place, where

the principles of nature selection lead to Survival of the Fittest
Market place success goes to those companies best match to the
current environmental imperatives. Those who can deliver what people are
ready to buy.
Todays markets are changing at an incredible pace. In addition to
globalization and technological change, we are witnessing a power shift
from manufacturers to giant retailers a rapid growth and acceptance of store
brands, a diminishing role of mass marketing and advertising, and a
disconcerting erosion of brand loyalty.

Marketing:
Def: - Marketing is a societal process by which individuals and groups
obtain what they need and want through creating, offering and freely
exchanging product and services of value with others.
Marketing concept is a business philosophy that challenges the three
concepts we just discussed.
Marketing concept holds that the key to achieving organizational
goals consists of being more effective than competitors is integrating
marketing activities towards determining and studying the needs and wants
of target markets.
SELLING CONCEPTS:
It holds the consumers, if left alone, will ordinarily not buy enough of
the organizational products. The organization must therefore undertake an
aggressive selling and promotion effort. The concept assumes that
consumers typically show buying inertia or resistance and must be waxed in
to buying.

The selling concept is also practiced in the non-profits area by fund

raises college admission offices and political parties. A political party
vigorously sells its candidates to the voters must firms practice selling
concepts when they have over capacity. Their aim is to sell what they make
rather than what the market wants.
According to Prof. Theodorelevelt of Harvard Drew a perspective
contrast between selling and marketing concept.

SWOT ANALYSIS
Strengths
Presence of highly technically qualified executives
Company and its workers are strongly committed to quality
Fully and semi automated production system
WEAKNESS
Employee morale at lower level is only moderate
Less efforts to motivate employees
Less delegation of authority to department heads
Less initiative is planning of activities and coordination of work
OPPORTUNITES
The company can make use of the existing facilities more
productively

 These is an increase in the demand of cotton fabric in the national as

well as international market.
THREATS
Stiff competition form other spinning and weaving mills
Increase in cost of production due to more wastages especially in
printing
And dyeing process.
Less basic and recreational facilities provided to the workers may
result in uneasiness among workers in future.
Fluctuation in the prices of raw materials

SUGGESSIONS
1. It is common suggestion that salary and wage system of employee
should be increased to improve the satisfaction level of employees.
2. Installation of additional machinery or man power will help to reduce
the work load of employees.
3. It is advisable that training and development programme can be give
to employees in order to increase their efficiency.
4. Company can provide job security so it will help to increase the
employee morale.
5. Work force should be utilized to the maximum possible extend to
make the company profitable.

6. The machine is producing a high level of sound and dust. So it is

recommended to protective devices to the employees.
7. Most of the employees suggested that the company should provide
canteen facility to the employees.

CONCLUSION
Kerala Lakshmi mills is a name that stands for quality of textiles. This
company is mainly producing cotton silks.
Increasing the frequency of advertisement on mass media will
improve the products awareness among the public.
The commitment and efficiency of employees helped Kerala Lakshmi
Mill in capturing highly competitive market. Product quality enables the
organization to get the prominent place among the corporate entities.