Electronic mosquito insect repellent circuit using 555 IC

Mosquitoes are one of the most irritating bugs and they spread many diseases.
Wide varieties of mosquito repellents are available. Here we are talking about a
method which would most likely drive away the mosquitoes with the help of
certain frequency generators. Researchers have found that insects are typically
allergenic to a specific spectrum of frequency range called the ultrasound
frequency.This is a simple circuit of ultrasonic mosquito (insect) repeller for insect
control based on the theory that insects like mosquito can be repelled by using
sound frequencies in the ultrasonic (above 20 KHz) range. This insect repellent
frequency is farther than the hearing range of humans, but can cause a lot of
nervousness to the insects and also to animals like dogs and cats. Bug control is
easy with this best insect repellent.

Components required
1. Power supply (12V)
2. Resistors (2.7k x 2)
3. Capacitors (0.01F x 2)

4. NE 555 timer
5. IC Diode (1N4007)
6. Piezo Buzzer

Working of bug repellent circuit

Here the 555 timer is configured in astable multivibrator mode, specifically

devised for generating sound at the ultra frequency levels.

The frequency of this circuit is set to 25 kHz, this frequency falls in the
ultrasound region and it is not audible to human beings.

The 1N4007 diode is used to get 50% duty cycle for the frequency generator.

The piezo buzzer converts the output of 555 astable to ultrasonic sound that
can be heard by the insects.

This ultrasound frequency cause some irritations and uneasiness to the

insects such as mosquitoes. However it will not disturb you if you have
installed this circuit of insect repellent for your home.

How to Design a mosquito repeller circuit

We need 25 kHz signal, so the time period will be 40 seconds.
Then Ton=Toff =20Seconds

use R=2.7k standard.

Automatic water tank level controller motor driver circuit

Automatic water level controller circuit is a simple engineering project. It can
automatically switch ON and OFF the domestic water pump set depending on the
tank water level. You can implement this motor driver circuit at your home or
college using less costly components. The main advantage of this water level
controller circuit is that it automatically controls the water pump without any user
interaction.
The heart of this pump controller circuit is a NE 555 IC; Here we have manipulated
the flip flop inside the 555 timer IC. Our project consists of two water level sensors,
one fixed at the top and other at the bottom. Working of this circuit is almost similar
to a bi stable mutlivibrator.

USE SMALL MOTOR PUMP

Components Required
1. Power supply (6v)
2. NE 555 timer IC
3. Resistors (100x2, 10k)
4. Relay (6V, 30A)
5. BC 548 transistor x2
6. 1N4007 Diode

Working of Automatic water tank level controller

We know the property of 555 timer IC, i.e. its output goes HIGH when voltage
at the second pin(trigger pin) is less than 1/3 V cc.

Also we can reset back the IC by applying a LOW voltage at the 4th pin (Reset
pin).

In this project 3 wires are dipped in water tank. Let us define two water
levels- Bottom (Low) level and Top (Up) level. One of the wire or probe is from
Vcc.

The probe from bottom level is connected to the trigger (2nd) pin of 555 IC.
So the voltage at 2nd pin is Vcc when it is covered by water.

When water level goes down, the 2nd pin gets disconnected(untouched) from
water i.e. voltage at the trigger pin becomes less than V cc. Then the output of
555 becomes high.

The output of 555 is fed to a BC548 transistor, it energizes the relay coil and
the water pump set is turned ON.

While the water level rises, the top level probe is covered by water and the
transistor becomes ON. Its collector voltage goes to V ce(sat) =0.2.

The low voltage at the 4th pin resets the IC. So the output of 555 becomes
0V. Hence the motor will turn OFF automatically.

For simple demonstration of this project you can use a DC motor directly at
the output of 555 instead of relay. YOU MUST DO IT

For practical implementation, you must use a relay. Rating of relay is chosen
according to the load (Motor). 32 Ampere relay is best suited for domestic
applications.

Burglar Alarm
These days home security systems are given great importance everywhere.
However these security automation systems are very expensive to implement. Here
a simple IR security system using an Infrared-photodiode pair is made. If one could
use the LASER ,it has a probability that the thief might see the LASER beam and
avoid theft alarm easily. This simple circuit will give you an insight into how do
burglar alarms work.

Components Required:
1. 555 timer IC
2. Photodiode
3. IR led
4. Transistor BC 548
5. 12v Buzzer
6. Resistor (100K, 1Kx 2)
7. Capacitor (100uf)

Working of infrared alarm circuit

Main component used here is a photodiode and IR led. We are creating a

continuous loop arrangement around the house with it.

555 timer used here works in the monostable mode of operation. You can
learn more about 555 monostable multivibrator working from our previous
posts.

IR led continuously strikes infrared beams on the photodiode. As a result the

trigger pin (2nd pin) of 555 will get the positive voltage from Vcc. Hence its
output will remain LOW as 555 monostable multivibrator gets a HIGH output
only on negative trigger.

When an intruder cuts the IR beam, photodiodes act as an open circuit. Thus
2nd pin gets negative through resistor R2 turning the monostabe output to
HIGH.

Output pin is connected to the base of a NPN switching transistor through a

resistor R3. Thus the transistor becomes ON giving power to the buzzer.

In case you need to ON some light bulbs or make a much powerful alarm bell,
then you have to connect a relay instead of the buzzer.

To increase the range of IR you can use a converging lens. How would you see
if the IR beam has converged to the photodiode efficiently? For that you can
use a camera or a visible LED to set the focus and then replace that with IR
LED.

Another method to increase the range is to use a series photodiode

arrangement.

You can use two 1.5 battery (AA size) to power the IR led.

Photo diode should be connected in reverse bias mode (i.e. anode to negative
and cathode to positive). Then it conducts when IR beams hits on it, else it
acts as an ordinary diode.